Static Route
Routing static bekerja secara manual, yakni dengan menentukan bahwa network yang dituju akan melalui router yang ditentukan Keunggulannya adalah tidak memakan resource CPU dan memory. Kurang cocok untuk diterapkan pada network yang kompleks Administrative Distance nya 1
Konfigurasi Dasar R2 Router# configure terminal Router(config)# hostname R2 R2(config)# username jakarta password jakarta R2(config)# enable secret jakarta R2(config-line)# line vty 0 4 R2(config-line)# login local Konfigurasi interface R2(config)# interface serial2/0 R2(config-if)# ip address 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0 R2(config-if)# no shutdown R2(config)# interface loopback0 R2(config-if)# ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255 R2(config-if)# no shutdown Konfigurasi routing R1(config)# ip route 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.255 12.12.12.1 ======== PC User ======== IP Address : 10.10.10.2/24 IP Gateway : 10.10.10.1
Status up up
Protocol up up
PC>telnet 2.2.2.2 Trying 2.2.2.2 ...Open User Access Verification Username: jakarta Password: jakarta R2>enable Password: jakarta R2# R2#show ip route 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets S 10.10.10.0 [1/0] via 12.12.12.1
Konfigurasi routing R1(config)# router rip R1(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0 R1(config-router)# network 12.0.0.0 ======== Router R2 ======== Konfigurasi Dasar Router# configure terminal Router(config)# hostname R2 R2(config)# username jakarta password jakarta R2(config)# enable secret jakarta R2(config-line)# line vty 0 4 R2(config-line)# login local Konfigurasi interface R2(config)# interface serial2/0 R2(config-if)# ip address 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0 R2(config-if)# no shutdown R2(config)# interface loopback0 R2(config-if)# ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255 R2(config-if)# no shutdown Konfigurasi routing R2(config)# router rip R2(config-router)# network 12.0.0.0 R2(config-router)# network 2.0.0.0 ======== PC User ======== IP Address Netmask IP Gateway
Dari sisi Router R1 =============== Pastikan statusnya up dan protocol nya juga up R1#show ip int brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method FastEthernet0/0 10.10.10.1 YES manual Serial2/0 12.12.12.1 YES manual Tes ping ke ip point-to-pointnya dan pastikan berhasil sukses. R1#ping 10.10.10.2 R1#ping 12.12.12.2 Cek routing tabelnya R1#sh ip route Gateway of last resort is not set R 2.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:24, Serial2/0
Status up up
Protocol up up
Informasi diatas menunjukkan bahwa network interface loopback R2 sudah dikenali oleh router R1 secara RIP. Perhatikan nilai [120/1] dimana 120 = nilai administrative distance, sedangkan 1 = nilai metricnya, dalam hal ini RIP menggunakan hop count sebagai metricnya sehingga angka 1 disini merupakan jumlah router yang dilewati untuk menuju IP 2.2.2.2 bisa juga menggunakan show ip rip database untuk menampilkan routing entry yang tersimpan dalam private databasenya RIP. R1#sh ip rip database 2.0.0.0/8 [1] via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:14, Serial2/0 10.10.10.0/24 directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 12.12.12.0/24 directly connected, Serial2/0 Sekarang kita tes ping dan telnet dari router R1 ke ip loopback R1 R1#ping 2.2.2.2 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2.2.2.2, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/5/6 ms R1#telnet 2.2.2.2 Trying 2.2.2.2 ...Open User Access Verification Username: jakarta Password: jakarta R2>enable Password: jakarta R2# Untuk mengetahui proses sebenarnya yang sedang terjadi secara real time pada router tersebut kita bisa menggunakan perintah debug dan untuk mematikannya ketik undebug all R1(config)#int s2/0 R1(config-if)#shutdown %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to administratively down %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to down
R1(config-if)#do debug ip rip RIP protocol debugging is on R1(config-if)#no shutdown %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up RIP: sending v1 request to 255.255.255.255 via Serial2/0 (12.12.12.1) RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via FastEthernet0/0 (10.10.10.1) RIP: build update entries network 2.0.0.0 metric 16 network 12.0.0.0 metric 1 RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial2/0 (12.12.12.1) RIP: build update entries network 10.0.0.0 metric 1 RIP: received v1 update from 12.12.12.2 on Serial2/0 2.0.0.0 in 1 hops RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via FastEthernet0/0 (10.10.10.1) RIP: build update entries network 2.0.0.0 metric 2 network 12.0.0.0 metric 1 RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial2/0 (12.12.12.1) RIP: build update entries network 10.0.0.0 metric 1 R1#undebug all All possible debugging has been turned off =============== Dari sisi Router R2 =============== R2#sh ip int brief Interface IP-Address Serial2/0 12.12.12.2 Loopback0 2.2.2.2
Protocol up up
R2#show ip route Gateway of last resort is not set 2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 2.2.2.2 is directly connected, Loopback0 R 10.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 12.12.12.1, 00:00:04, Serial2/0 12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 12.12.12.0 is directly connected, Serial2/0 R2#sh ip rip database 2.2.2.2/32 directly connected, Loopback0 10.0.0.0/8 [1] via 12.12.12.1, 00:00:23, Serial2/0 12.12.12.0/24 directly connected, Serial2/0 R2#ping 10.10.10.2 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.10.10.2, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 3/6/9 ms
R1(config)# router rip R1(config-router)# version 2 ======== Router R2 ======== R2(config)# router rip R2(config-router)# version 2
RIP: sending v2 update to 224.0.0.9 via Serial2/0 (12.12.12.1) RIP: build update entries 10.0.0.0/8 via 0.0.0.0, metric 1, tag 0 RIP: received v2 update from 12.12.12.2 on Serial2/0 2.0.0.0/8 via 0.0.0.0 in 1 hops RIP: received v2 update from 12.12.12.2 on Serial2/0 2.0.0.0/8 via 0.0.0.0 in 1 hops RIP: sending v2 update to 224.0.0.9 via FastEthernet0/0 (10.10.10.1) RIP: build update entries 2.0.0.0/8 via 0.0.0.0, metric 2, tag 0 12.0.0.0/8 via 0.0.0.0, metric 1, tag 0 R1(config-if)#do u all All possible debugging has been turned off ======== Router R1 ======== R2#RIP: sending v2 update to 224.0.0.9 via Loopback0 (2.2.2.2) RIP: build update entries 10.0.0.0/8 via 0.0.0.0, metric 16, tag 0 %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up RIP: sending v2 request to 224.0.0.9 via Serial2/0 (12.12.12.2) RIP: sending v2 update to 224.0.0.9 via Loopback0 (2.2.2.2) RIP: build update entries 10.0.0.0/8 via 0.0.0.0, metric 16, tag 0 12.0.0.0/8 via 0.0.0.0, metric 1, tag 0 RIP: sending v2 update to 224.0.0.9 via Serial2/0 (12.12.12.2) RIP: build update entries 2.0.0.0/8 via 0.0.0.0, metric 1, tag 0 RIP: received v2 request from 12.12.12.1 on Serial2/0 RIP: sending v2 update to 12.12.12.1 via Serial2/0 (12.12.12.2) RIP: build update entries 2.0.0.0/8 via 0.0.0.0, metric 1, tag 0 RIP: received v2 update from 12.12.12.1 on Serial2/0 10.0.0.0/8 via 0.0.0.0 in 1 hops RIP: sending v2 update to 224.0.0.9 via Loopback0 (2.2.2.2) R2#u all All possible debugging has been turned off R2#
Lab 3. EIGRP
EIGRP merupakan routing protocol cisco proprietary, jadi routing ini digunakan bila semua perangkatnya adalah menggunakan cisco semua support VLSM/subnetting Support authentikasi Menggunakan bandwidth dan delay untuk menentukan jalur terbaik yang dipilihnya Penghitungannya menggunakan Algorithma DUAL (Diffusing Update Algorithm) yakni dengan memilih jalur yang memiliki nilai cost/FD (Feasible Distance) paling rendah dan bebas looping Jalur terbaik yang digunakan untuk mengirimkan data disebut successor route EIGRP jg memiliki feasible successor sebagai backup jika link utama (successor route) nya tidak bisa digunakan Administrative Distance nya 90
R1#show ip eigrp topology IP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS 10 Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply, r - Reply status P 10.10.10.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 28160 via Connected, FastEthernet0/0 P 12.12.12.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 20512000 via Connected, Serial2/0 P 2.2.2.2/32, 1 successors, FD is 20640000 via 12.12.12.2 (20640000/128256), Serial2/0 R1#sh ip protocols Routing Protocol is "eigrp 10 " Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set Default networks flagged in outgoing updates Default networks accepted from incoming updates EIGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0 EIGRP maximum hopcount 100 EIGRP maximum metric variance 1 Redistributing: eigrp 10 Automatic network summarization is not in effect Maximum path: 4 Routing for Networks: 10.0.0.0 12.0.0.0 Routing Information Sources: Gateway Distance Last Update 12.12.12.2 90 108419057 Distance: internal 90 external 170 R2#sh ip route 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets D 10.10.10.0 [90/20514560] via 12.12.12.1, 00:00:02, Serial2/0 R2#sh ip eigrp neighbors IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 10 H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq (sec) (ms) Cnt Num 0 12.12.12.1 Se2/0 13 00:18:26 40 1000 0 15
R2#sh ip eigrp topology IP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS 10 Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply, r - Reply status P 2.2.2.2/32, 1 successors, FD is 128256 via Connected, Loopback0 P 12.12.12.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 20512000 via Connected, Serial2/0 P 10.10.10.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 20514560 via 12.12.12.1 (20514560/28160), Serial2/0 R2#sh ip protocols Routing Protocol is "eigrp 10 " Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set Default networks flagged in outgoing updates Default networks accepted from incoming updates EIGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0 EIGRP maximum hopcount 100 EIGRP maximum metric variance 1 Redistributing: eigrp 10 Automatic network summarization is not in effect Maximum path: 4 Routing for Networks: 2.0.0.0 12.0.0.0 Routing Information Sources: Gateway Distance Last Update 12.12.12.1 90 108417210 Distance: internal 90 external 170 Secara default EIGRP menggunakan bandwidth dan delay seperti informasi yang ditampilkan diatas EIGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0 K1 = Bandwidth K2 = Load K3 = Delay K4 = Reliability K5 = MTU
Lab 4. OSPF
OSPF merupakan routing protocol open standard, digunakan jika router2 yang digunakan campuran, misalnya beberapa cisco router, beberapa juniper atau linux atau mikrotik dll support VLSM/subnetting Support authentikasi Menggunakan bandwidth untuk menentukan jalur terbaik yang dipilihnya, yakni menggunakan OSPF Cost (109/Bandwidth) terendah. OSPF menggunakan konsep hirarki yakni dengan adanya pembagian area. Router dalam satu area akan memiliki OSPF database yang sama. Bila terjadi ketidakstabilan koneksi pada suatu area, hanya akan mempengaruhi satu area tersebut saja tidak menyebar ke area yang lain. OSPF merupakan routing Link State, Routing updatenya dikirimkan bila terjadi perubahan pada link atau koneksi. Routing update yang dikirimkan sifatnya partial, yakni yang terjadi perubahan saja yang dikirim, tidak seperti RIP yang mengirimkan seluruh routing tabelnya. Administrative Distance nya 110