DAFTAR ISI

Halaman
DAFTAR TABEL .............................................................................................viii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ..........................................................................................ix
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN........................................................................................xi

I. PENDAHULUAN.............................................................................................1
A. Latar Belakang.........................................................................................1
B. Rumusan Masalah....................................................................................4
C. Tujuan Penelitian ....................................................................................4
1. Tujuan umum .................................................................................4
2. Tujuan khusus .................................................................................4
D. Manfaat Penelitian...................................................................................5
E. Kerangka penelitian..................................................................................
1. Kerangka teori.............................................................................26
2. Kerangka konsep.........................................................................28
F. Hipotesis................................................................................................28

II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ..................................................................................6

A. Testis........................................................................................................6
1. Histologi.........................................................................................6
a. Tubulus seminiferus ...................................................................6
b. Sel-sel spermatogenik.................................................................7
c. Sel Sertoli....................................................................................8

d. Jaringan interstitial.....................................................................9
2. Spermatogenesis dan spermiogenesis...........................................10
4. Hormon yang merangsang spermatogenesis ...............................12
5. Kerusakan tubulus seminiferus.....................................................14
B. Pengaruh Rokok (Radikal Bebas) terhadap Testis................................15
C. Antioksidan ...........................................................................................19
D. Jahe Merah.............................................................................................21
1. Taksonomi....................................................................................21
2. Deskripsi.......................................................................................21

III. METODOLOGI PENELITIAN ...................................................................29

A. Desain Penelitian...................................................................................29
B. Tempat dan Waktu ................................................................................29
C. Populasi dan Sampel..............................................................................30
D. Bahan dan Alat Penelitian ....................................................................31
1. Bahan penelitian............................................................................31
2. Alat penelitian...............................................................................32
E. Prosedur Penelitian ...............................................................................32
1. Adaptasi tikus................................................................................32
2. Prosedur pemberian jahe merah....................................................33
3. Prosedur pemaparan asap rokok....................................................35
4. Prosedur penelitian........................................................................36
5. Cara menghitung jumlah sel spermatogenik.................................41
F. Identifikasi Variabel dan Definisi Operasional .....................................43
1. Identifikasi variabel ......................................................................43
2. Definisi operasional variabel.........................................................44
G. Analisis Data.........................................................................................45
H. Etika Penelitian......................................................................................45

IV. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN.....................................................................46

A. Etika Penelitian.....................................................................................46

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B. Hasil .....................................................................................................46
1. Jumlah Sel Spermatogenik Tikus.................................................46
2. Analisis jumlah sel tikus ..............................................................52
B. Pembahasan...........................................................................................55

V. SIMPULAN DAN SARAN...........................................................................61

A. Simpulan...............................................................................................61
B. Saran......................................................................................................61

DAFTAR PUSTAKA..........................................................................................62
LAMPIRAN........................................................................................................69

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