DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL.................................................................................................................i
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN.....................................................................................................ii
KATA PENGANTAR............................................................................................................vii
DAFTAR ISI............................................................................................................................ix
DAFTAR TABEL..................................................................................................................xiv
DAFTAR GAMBAR.............................................................................................................xvi
PL I PENGUJIAN KOMPOSISI PASIR CETAK
1.1 Tujuan Pengujian Kadar Air Pasir Cetak............................................................................1
1.2

Dasar Teori...................................................................................................................1

1.2.1

Kadar Air......................................................................................................................1

1.2.1.1 Definisi dan Fungsi Kadar Air.....................................................................................2

1.2.1.2 Macam-macam Air.......................................................................................................2
1.2.1.3 Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Penguapan Kadar Air...........................................2
1.2.1.4 Pengaruh Kadar Air terhadap pengujian Karakteristik Pasir Cetak.............................4
1.2.2

Kadar Penngikat...........................................................................................................5

1.2.2.1 Definisi dan Fungsi Kadar Pengikat............................................................................5

1.2.2.2 Macam-macam Pengikat..............................................................................................6
1.2.2.3 Pengaruh Kadar Pengikat terhadap Karakteristik Pasir Cetak...................................10
1.2.3

Pasir............................................................................................................................11

1.2.3.1 Definisi Pasir..............................................................................................................11

1.2.3.2 Komposisi kimia pasir ...............................................................................................11
1.2.3.3 Macam-Macam Pasir.................................................................................................12
1.2.3.4 Ukuran dan Dimensi Butiran Pasir Cetak..................................................................16
1.2.3.5 Distribusi Besar Butir Pasir Cetak.............................................................................19
1.2.3.6 Syarat pasir Cetak......................................................................................................21
1.2.3.7 Pengaruh distribusi besar butir pasir cetak terhadap karakteristik pasir cetak...........23
1.3

Pelaksanaan Pengujian...............................................................................................24

1.3.1

Pengujian Kadar Air...................................................................................................24

1.3.1.1 Alat dan Bahan...........................................................................................................24

1.3.1.2 Urutan Kerja Pengujian Kadar Air.............................................................................26
ix

1.3.2

Pengujian Kadar Pengikat..........................................................................................26

1.3.2.1 Alat dan Bahan...........................................................................................................26

1.3.2.2 Urutan Kerja Pengujian..............................................................................................28
1.3.3

Pengujian Distribusi Besar Butir Pasir Cetak............................................................28

1.3.3.1 Alat dan Bahan...........................................................................................................28

1.3.3.2 Urutan Kerja Pengujian..............................................................................................30
1.4

Pengolahan Data dan Pembahasan.............................................................................31

1.4.1

Pengolahan Data dan Pembahasan Kadar Air............................................................31

1.4.1.1 Data Hasil Pengujian Kadar Air.................................................................................31

1.4.1.2 Perhitungan Data Hasil Pengujian Kadar Air............................................................32
1.4.1.3 Grafik Hubungan antara Penguapan Rata-Rata dengan Waktu Pemanasan Data
Kelompok...................................................................................................................34
1.4.1.4 Grafik Hubungan antara Laju Penguapan dengan Waktu Pemanasan Data
Kelompok...................................................................................................................35
1.4.1.5 Grafik Hubungan antara Penguapan Rata-Rata dengan Waktu Pemanasan Data antar
Kelompok...................................................................................................................37
1.4.16

Grafik Hubungan antara Laju Penguapan dengan Waktu Pemanasan Data Antar
Kelompok...................................................................................................................39

1.4.2

Pengolahan Data dan Pembahasan Kadar Pengikat...................................................41

1.4.2.1 Data Hasil Pengujian Kadar Pengikat........................................................................41

1.4.2.2 Perhitungan Data Hasil Pengujian Kadar Pengikat....................................................41
1.4.2.3 Studi Kasus Hasil Pengujian......................................................................................42
1.4.3

Pengolahan Data dan Pembahasan Distribusi Besar Buir Pasir Cetak......................43

1.4.3.1 Data Hasil Pengujian Distribusi Besar Butir Pasir Cetak..........................................43

1.4.3.2 Pehitungan Data Hasil Pengujian Distribusi Besar Butir Pasir Cetak.......................43
1.4.3.3 Pembahasan Data Hasil Pengujian Distribusi Besar Butir Pasir Cetak.....................51
1.5

Kesimpulan dan Saran................................................................................................53

1.5.1

Kesimpulan ...............................................................................................................53

1.5.2

Saran...........................................................................................................................55

PL II PENGUJIAN KARATERISTIK PASIR CETAK

2.1

Tujuan Pengujian Karakteristik Pasir Cetak..............................................................56

2.2

Dasar Teori ................................................................................................................56

x

2.2.1

Definisi Karakteristik Pasir Cetak..............................................................................56

2.2.2

Permeabilitas..............................................................................................................56

2.2.3

Kekuatan....................................................................................................................57

2.2.4

Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kekuatan Pasir Cetak.........................................59

2.2.5

Pengaruh Kekuatan Pasir Cetak terhadap Hasil Coran .............................................61

2.3

Pelaksanaan Pengujian...............................................................................................62

2.3.1

Pengujian Permeabilitas Pasir Cetak..........................................................................62

2.3.1.1 Alat dan Bahan...........................................................................................................62

2.3.1.2 Urutan Kerja Pengujian..............................................................................................64
2.3.2

Pengujian Kekuatan Pasir Cetak................................................................................65

2.3.2.1 Alat dan Bahan...........................................................................................................65

2.3.2.2 Urutan Kerja Pengujian .............................................................................................68
2.4

Pengolahan Data dan Pembahasan.............................................................................70

2.4.1

Pengolahan Data dan Pembahasan Permabilitas........................................................70

2.4.1.1 Data Hasil Pengujian..................................................................................................70

2.4.1.2 Perhitungan Data Hasil Pengujian.............................................................................70
2.4.1.3 Pembahasan Data Hasil Pengujian.............................................................................71
2.4.1.4 Grafik Pengaruh Kadar Air dan Kadar Pengikat terhadap Permeabilitas Data Antar
Kelompok...................................................................................................................72
2.4.2

Pengolahan dan Pembahasan Kekuatan.....................................................................73

2.4.2.1 Data Hasil Pengujian..................................................................................................73

2.4.2.2 Perhitungan Data Hasil Pengujian Kekuatan.............................................................75
2.4.2.3 Pembahasan Kekuatan Data Kelompok.....................................................................84
2.4.2.4 Grafik Kekuatan Tekan Basah Data Antar Kelompok...............................................86
2.4.2.5 Grafik Kekuatan Tekan Kering Data Antar Kelompok.............................................87
2.5

Kesimpulan dan Saran................................................................................................88

2.5.1

Kesimpulan................................................................................................................88

2.5.2

Saran...........................................................................................................................89

BAB III CASTING PLAN

3.1

Tujuan Casting Plan...................................................................................................89

3.2

Dasar teori..................................................................................................................89

3.2.1

Pola.............................................................................................................................89
xi

3.2.1.1 Pengertian Pola...........................................................................................................89

3.2.1.2 Macam-macam Pola...................................................................................................90
3.2.1.3 Bahan Pola.................................................................................................................93
3.2.1.4 Perencanaan pembuatan Pola.....................................................................................94
3.2.2

Sistem saluran............................................................................................................97

3.2.2.1 Pengertian Sistem Saluran..........................................................................................97

3.2.2.2 Bagian-bagian Sistem Saluran...................................................................................97
3.2.2.3 Macam-macam Sistem Saluran................................................................................100
3.2.3

Pelapis......................................................................................................................102

3.2.3.1 Fungsi Pelapis..........................................................................................................103

3.2.3.2 Syarat Pelapis...........................................................................................................103
3.2.3.3 Bahan pelapis...........................................................................................................104
3.3.

Desain Kerja 1..........................................................................................................104

3.3.1

Desain Benda Kerja..................................................................................................104

3.3.2

Desain Kup dan Drag...............................................................................................106

3.3.3

Desain Pola...............................................................................................................107

3.3.4

Desain Sistem Saluran..............................................................................................110

3.3.5

Desain Cetakan pasir................................................................................................111

3.4

Urutan Kerja Pembuatan Cetakan Pasir...................................................................111

3.4.1

Alat dan Bahan.........................................................................................................111

3.4.2

Urutan Kerja ............................................................................................................112

3.5

Studi Kasus Dan Pemecahan Masalah.....................................................................112

3.5.1

Studi Kasus...............................................................................................................112

3.5.2

Analisa .....................................................................................................................113

3.5.3

Pemecahan masalah.................................................................................................114

3.6

Desain Kerja II.........................................................................................................114

3.6.1

Desain Benda Kerja..................................................................................................114

3.6.2

Desain Kup dan Drag...............................................................................................116

3.6.3

Desain Pola ..............................................................................................................117

3.6.4

Desain Sistem Saluran..............................................................................................118

3.6.5

Desain Cetakan pasir................................................................................................119

3.7

Studi Kasus dan Pemecahan Masalah......................................................................122

3.7.1

Studi Kasus...............................................................................................................122
xii

3.7.2

Analisa......................................................................................................................123

3.7.3

Pemecahan masalah.................................................................................................123

3.8

Kesimpulan Dan Saran.............................................................................................123

3.8.1

Kesimpulan..............................................................................................................123

3.8.2

Saran.........................................................................................................................124

BAB IV PENUANGAN LOGAM DAN INSPEKSI

4.1

Tujuan Penuangan dan Inspeksi...............................................................................125

4.2

Dasar Teori...............................................................................................................125

4.2.1

Pengecoran Pengecoran...........................................................................................125

4.2.2

Peleburan..................................................................................................................130

4.2.3

Solidifikasi...............................................................................................................134

4.2.4

Fluiditas....................................................................................................................140

4.2.5

Cacat Coran..............................................................................................................147

4.2.6

Inspeksi....................................................................................................................154

4.3

Pembahasan..............................................................................................................161

4.3.1

Pembahasan Pengecoran 1.......................................................................................161

4.3.2

Pembahasan Pengecoran 2.......................................................................................181

4.4

Kesimpulan dan Saran..............................................................................................187

4.4.1

Kesimpulan..............................................................................................................187

4.4.2

Saran.........................................................................................................................188

DAFTAR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN

xiii