LO 1

MEMBEDAKAN ANTARA PROCESS COSTING DAN JOB ORDER COSTING DAN MELAKUKAN IDENTIFIKASI JENIS USAHA YANG MENGGUNAKAN MASING MASING METODE BIAYA

2 JENIS PRODUCT COSTING SYSTEM

Proses Costing Job-Order Costing

PROCESS COSTING
Process Costing
Perusahaan membuat sebuah produk dengan jumlah yang besar Satu unit produk tidak dapat dibedakan dari unit produk lain Sifat identik dari setiap unit produk memungkinkan menempatkan biaya rata-rata yang per unit sama

CONTOH PERUSAHAAN DENGAN JENIS PROCESS COSTING

JOB ORDER COSTING

Job Order Costing
Banyak jenis produk berbeda yang diproduksi pada setiap periode Produk dibuat sesuai dengan pesanan tertentu Sifat unik dari setiap pesanan membutuhkan pelacakan atau pengalokasikan biaya untuk setiap pekerjaan, sehingga harus membuat catatan biaya untuk setiap pekerjaan

CONTOH PERUSAHAAN DENGAN JENIS JOB ORDER COSTING

PERBEDAAN ANTARA PROCESS & JOB ORDER COSTING

JOB ORDER JENIS PEKERJAAN YANG DILAKUKAN BANYAK PROCESS PRODUK TUNGGAL

Akumulasi biaya berdasar BIAYA RATA-RATA DIHITUNG BERDASAR

pekerjaan PEKERJAAN

Departemen DEPARTEMEN

QUICK CHECK
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING COMPANIES WOULD BE LIKELY TO USE JOB-ORDER COSTING RATHER THAN PROCESS COSTING?

A. SCOTT PAPER COMPANY FOR KLEENEX. B. ARCHITECTS. C. HEINZ FOR KETCHUP. D. CATERER FOR A WEDDING RECEPTION. E. BUILDER OF COMMERCIAL FISHING VESSELS.

QUICK CHECK
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING COMPANIES WOULD BE LIKELY TO USE JOB-ORDER COSTING RATHER THAN PROCESS COSTING?

A. SCOTT PAPER COMPANY FOR KLEENEX. B. ARCHITECTS. C. HEINZ FOR KETCHUP. D. CATERER FOR A WEDDING RECEPTION. E. BUILDER OF COMMERCIAL FISHING VESSELS.

LO 2
MENGIDENTIFIKASI DOKUMEN YANG DIGUNAKAN DALAM JOB ORDER COSTING SYSTEM

JOB-ORDER COSTING AN OVERVIEW

Direct Materials Job No. 1

Direct Labor

Job No. 2

Manufacturing Overhead

Job No. 3

Charge direct material and direct labor costs to each job as work is performed.

INDIRECT MANUFACTURING COSTS

Direct Materials
Job No. 1 Direct Labor

Job No. 2
Job No. 3

Manufacturing Overhead

Manufacturing Overhead, including indirect materials and indirect labor, are allocated to all jobs rather than directly traced to each job.

THE JOB COST SHEET

THE JOB COST SHEET IS USED BY THE ACCOUNTING DEPARTMENT TO TRACK THE DIRECT AND INDIRECT COSTS
ASSOCIATED WITH A GIVEN JOB. A JOB NUMBER UNIQUELY IDENTIFIES EACH JOB. DIRECT MATERIAL, DIRECT LABOR AND MANUFACTURING OVERHEAD COSTS ARE ACCUMULATED FOR EACH JOB. THE JOB COST SHEET IS A SUBSIDIARY LEDGER TO THE WORK IN PROCESS ACCOUNT.

WE WILL LOOK AT A JOB COST SHEET USED BY A HYPOTHETICAL COMPANY CALLED PEARCO. THE COMPANY
HAS A JOB THAT CALLS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF WOODEN CARGO CRATES. YOU CAN SEE THE SEPARATE SECTIONS FOR DIRECT MATERIALS, DIRECT LABOR, AND MANUFACTURING OVERHEAD. IN ADDITION, WE HAVE A SECTION TO SUMMARIZE TOTAL COSTS OF THE JOB.

THE JOB COST SHEET

Loops Unlimited Job Cost Sheet Job Number Department Item Wooden cargo crate Direct Materials Req. No. Amount Ticket Direct Labor Hours Date Initiated Date Completed Units Completed Manufacturing Overhead Hours Rate Amount

Amount

Cost Summary Direct Materials Direct Labor Manufacturing Overhead Total Cost Unit Product Cost Date

Units Shipped Number

Balance

MEASURING DIRECT MATERIALS COST

ONCE A SALES ORDER HAS BEEN RECEIVED AND A PRODUCTION ORDER ISSUED, THE PRODUCTION
DEPARTMENT PREPARES A MATERIALS REQUISITION FORM TO SPECIFY THE TYPE, QUANTITY, AND TOTAL COST OF MATERIALS.

MEASURING DIRECT MATERIALS COST

MEASURING DIRECT MATERIALS COST

ONCE THE MATERIALS HAVE BEEN ISSUED BY THE STORE ROOM, THEY ARE CHARGED TO THE JOB COST
SHEET FOR JOB NUMBER 2B47. THE ACCOUNTING DEPARTMENT RECORDS THE TOTAL DIRECT COST, $660, ON THE APPROPRIATE JOB COST SHEET. NOTICE, THE MATERIAL REQUISITION NUMBER, 14873, IS INCLUDED ON THE JOB COST SHEET TO PROVIDE EASY ACCESS TO THE SOURCE DOCUMENT. WE HAVE A PROPER REFERENCE FOR THE REQUISITION NUMBER AND THE TOTAL AMOUNT. IF WE NEED TO LOOK AT THE DETAILS OF THE $660 COST, WE CAN ASK TO SEE MATERIALS REQUISITION FORM 14873.

MEASURING DIRECT MATERIALS COST

Will E. Delite

MEASURING DIRECT MATERIALS COST

MEASURING DIRECT LABOR COSTS

MEASURING DIRECT LABOR COSTS

WORKERS USE TIME TICKETS TO RECORD THE AMOUNT OF TIME THAT THEY SPENT ON EACH JOB. HERE IS
THE TIME TICKET FOR AN EMPLOYEE WHO WORKED EIGHT HOURS ON JOB 2B47. THE EMPLOYEES HOURLY PAY RATE IS $9, SO THE TOTAL LABOR COST CHARGED TO THE JOB WILL BE $45. THE TIME TICKET, NUMBER 843, SERVES AS THE MAJOR SOURCE DOCUMENT FOR LABOR COSTS CHARGED TO THIS JOB.

LETS LOOK AT THE LABOR POSTING TO THE JOB COST SHEET.

MEASURING DIRECT LABOR COSTS

JOB-ORDER COST ACCOUNTING

THE ACCOUNTING DEPARTMENT RECORDS THE LABOR COSTS FROM EACH TIME TICKET ONTO THE JOB
COST SHEET. ON THE JOB COST SHEET, WE CAN SEE THAT TIME TICKET NUMBER 843 POSTED 5 HOURS TO JOB 2B47. THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF DIRECT LABOR COST IS $45. THIS AMOUNT IS ALSO POSTED TO THE SUMMARY SECTION OF THE JOB COST SHEET.

JOB-ORDER COST ACCOUNTING