Sonar Echoes 2013

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Dear reader, First of all, heartiest thanks for your humble enthusiasm for SONAR ECHOES. This year the annual cultural magazine of NERIST is dedicated to you-the reader, because its your extensive engagement with SONAR ECHOES that has made us put our effort beyond the contours of ordinary. So this year we gift you the second edition of SONAR Echoes with a new blend of contents ranging from aluminas to academics, cultural picks to eye catchers of NERIST, random picks to hits. Actually when the SONAR ECHOES team sat down for this issue , we actually had a very regular, run-of-themill plans. And as we started exploring the contents the huge response from the NERIST-ians and more specially the Aluminas put fuel and inertia and we went on creating. This time we have not filled our pages full of formal contents and lengthy write-ups. SONAR Echoes 2013 is more interactive, focused and concise to cover more in a nitty-gritty , so that you dont have to take rest in between the journey through. Most of the contents are turned into illustrations, info-graphics, flow charts and visual arts to create an even interface between the reader and the content. This year we have introduced two new sections, the alumni mailbox, which is an excellent way to coordinate with our former wise ones and explore the limitless opportunities waiting for us beyond NERIST life, and a technical section containing the best papers in last one year from each department , a step towards getting updated about the recent advances in you field. With nostalgia reigning supreme, SONAR ECHOES team explores the enduring legacy of the passed out heroes through their own write-ups in the form of a series of extended flashbacks. Next, paying homage to the heritage and tradition of NERIST-ian cult, a mix of a vivid versatility of culture, language and religion sinking to a life of grandeur attire, we conjure a tale of opulence and fantasy that is the pride of the past and boast of the contemporary. On this note check out our special report on the trend among the fashion maven BLOCK G -ians ,trendy hairdos and our cover story featuring NERISTs hunt and thirst for culture and technical wisdom. Lastly on the ending note I would like to be an advisor. Past is a series of cycles that offer key insights into the future. Our second edition represents a series of signposts to what lies ahead. A spotlight to inspire the budding brains and souls of the upcoming batches on whose shoulder we leave the responsibility to scale the peak of a new record, a different beat, a new creation in the next issue. After all, time is not worthy unless its a moment to remember. Hope you will like this edition and have a curiosity retained journey throughout till u reach the last letter. Wish you a happy festive season. Enjoy reading! Because SONAR ECHOES is all about ideas worth spreading ! - AVIK BAL
SONAR ECHOES,2013
Editorial Messages Attractions SONABYSS 2013. .SONABYSS team Sponsors
19 | Wisdom 19 | Get ready ... Have fun ! 20 | Sanskaar-the values 21 | 6 Years @ NERIST 25 | experiences @ NERIST & NIT Trichy
Trendy Hairstyles of NERIST | 07 Fashion Maven | 08 Scene of Western Music in NERIST | 09 Cover story: YOUTH : Our cultural ambassadors | 05
18 | Efficient Voltage Regulation. 29 | Smart Phones. 32 | Allowable Bearing Pressure. 33 | Aerogel-Worlds lightest material.
100 Years 100 Reasons | 11 Magic Mascots of India | 15 Engineering behind the beats | 24 Romanaagirii-Youngisthan Ki Awaaz ! | 27
Prof. Dipankar Pal. Director. North Eastern Regional Institute of Science And Technology. (NERIST) Nirjuli-791109
Nabam Teyi Chairman, Gymkhana North Eastern Regional Institute of Science And Technology. (NERIST) Nirjuli-791109
MESSAGE I am pleased to know that NERIST students are going to organize RACAF(Recreational and Cultural Activities Forum) 2013 this year like previous years and also planned to publish a magazine on this occasion. The RACAF will give an opportunity to the new comers to mingle with the seniors and participate in the cultural and other events freely and also to learn many good things from others. This platform also gives an opportunity to the tudents to show their talent in the cultural and other events and it helps to develop their personality. The events of the RACAF will showcase the performance of all the students and create a cerebral platform for better alliance of opinion,ideas and events with an objective of serving the student community at large and build institutions of excellence. This type of magazines definitely give memorable informations and messages to all students and become very important documents for all to preserve. It also covers topics in different areas be it literature, art, culture, science and technology in the form of articles and this is also an opurtunity to all students and others to highlight their thoughts and ideas. I appreciate the strenuous efforts of RACAF organisers in preparation of this memorable magazine and I wish them all success. Dipankar Pal Director,NERIST
MESSAGE I always feel wonderful to be a part of students activities apart from regular academic chores. I am pleased to learn that students are going to publish the IInd edition of SONAR ECHOES-the annual techno-cultural magazine of NERIST. And what better way to preserve the memories of all those events, performances and pro-night cultural shows that put life in SONABYSS. I wish all the very best to the SONAR ECHOES team 2013. This session of students activities under the aegis of Gymkhana office witnessed every moment of events and celebrations in a larger than life way. I congratulate the students, faculties and staffs who were associated directly or indirectly for its successful completion. I also wish them all the very best to further raise the notch of the standards of Gymkhana activities in the sessions to come. I am quite sure this years edition of SONAR ECHOES would reflect the true spirit of the moments and milestones that made up this sessions activities. I look forward to proper reporting and drafting of all the Gymkhana activities. And wish to get amused by informative and entertaining articles in the pages of this years SONAR ECHOES. Cheers! Nabam Teyi Chairman, Gymkhana
SONAR ECHOES 2013 | ISSUE 2 | PAGE | 1
ts time to forget work, get rid of future plans, to-do lists and pack your cosmic vivacity soul and mind and land in the world of sonabyss that is in perfect blend of celebratory mood this festive season. Welcome you, welcome all to the cultural hot-spot NERIST this 28th October to 2nd November 2013. SONABYSS the word that symbolizes the magnanimous and elegant extravaganza associated with our alma mater NERIST, a craze of bringing metamorphosis to demonstrate the versatility of the cultural horizon of the NERIST-ians, a fest that we every NERIST-ians wait for with bottomless abyss of expectation, amazement, dreams and plans for the 4 days of complete fun, excitement, music, dance, drama, digital media ,paints and sketches. Well, this does not end here, SONABYSS being the biggest cultural fest of Arunachal Pradesh, generously invites all schools, colleges and universities to bestow the cultural festival to achieve a new peak of competition, a new score of participation, a new level of enthusiasm, and a burning spirit of creative innovation, inspiration and an admirable experience for each and every one. WHO IS ORGANIZING ? Recreational And Creative Activities Forum (RACAF) EXECUTIVE BODY2013 : 2K9 BATCH WHAT ? THE ANNUAL CULTURAL FESTIVAL SONABYSS WHEN? OCTOBER 28TH TO NOVEMBER 2ND, 2013 WHERE? NERIST CAMPUS, NIRJULI, ARUNACHAL PRADESH, 791109
This time we the 2009 batch (organising batch) proudly boasts of SONABYSS with our revivifying theme SOCIO ROCK GALA , and a whole new sort of events, cultural nights, rock concerts, DJ night and many more that will definitely stir you to step on the dance floor, move on the rhythm and hum with music. In this 4 days you will be heralded as the tune of the offbeat cultural heritage inswings and assures you to love SONABYSS. The clubs this year includes Hobby Club, Dance Club, Drama Club, Music Club, , Photography Club, Videography Club . A must watch and participate events like shadow dance, silver screen, retro , Xerox, drama, short films,Sonabyss Idol and many more Will definitely hypnotise you with awe to fly in its flow of wow! During the later half regional, state and batch wise dance competitions will dominate the scenario with chorus of cheering voices of the huge masses of spectators in enthu. Sonabyss as exotic it sounds it will incredibly add a rich flavour to your life with delicacy. And obviously an excellent dessert makes the meal extraordinary. We have Rock concert by Girish and the Chronicles [GNTC], SUKOON is a four piece Sufi/ Indie/funk Band and a spell bounding DJ night by Youth Konnection to signoff the fest. Hope to see u swing in the beat in the dance floor and enjoy the moment to the fullest spark. Hope SOCIO ROCK GALA will be a cherished memoir in the celebrations of your life.
Those echoing cheers, Those banging heads, Those humble bows for the performer, Those chattering claps with the maestros, Those thumping steps with the beat, Those waving hands up in the air, Those curvy moves with the rhythm, Those sexy snug in the amid crowd. SONABYSS is just Entertainment, Elegance, Enthusiasm !
Authored by : Dr. Rajive Mohan Pant Professor (Marketing, Human Resource Management) NERIST
tion and inclination towards western culture and are despised by the so called cultural custodians of our society for ignoring their own culture. During my college days in Nainital, it was a common sight my friends flaunting latest albums of AbbA, Boney M and Donna Summer. Elvis Presley was the God. Intense desire of youth to Break free made elders jittery. Yet our college cultural fest was a feast to culture hungry people and produced many renowned artists who later made big even in Bollywood. My friend late Nirmal Pandey of Bandit Queen fame was one of them. Attending cultural fest of BITS Pilani Oasis 81, was a different experience altogether. For a small town boy like me, it was an eye opener. Events like UFO (Ultimate Freak Out) where anything vegetarian (you know what it means) was an offence thrilled us but embarrassed gentlemen who struggled hard to find any linkage of such events with the Culture. Besides these lighter Informals other serious competitive events offered sufficient stuff that quenched intellectual and cultural thirst of the seeker. Performances by Manna De and Sonal Mansingh generated bigger enthusiasm among the audience than UFO did. Many young delegates, who represented their respective colleges in Oasis 81 as amateurs are matured professionals today contributing immensely to the field of art and
Youth since ages are criticized for their fascina-
culture. Hypotheses that youth are forgetting their culture once again failed. NERIST is a connoisseurs delight as it offers a multi cultural canvas. Round the year, academic activities move along with cultural activities. After all Men does not live by bread alone. Freshers welcome, General farewell, Departmental functions, Regional festivals, you name it and we have it. I just can not stop appreciating such deep rooted cultural affinity and talent of these young technocrats and professional for their culture. Right from the stage of ideating, esthetics, decoration and to performing on the stage, everything reflects originality of these young minds which even professional events managers and professional artists may envy. Western dances and music is North East Indias forte and NERISTians are no exceptions. I have always been stating with confidence at different platform that if our students participate in some leading youth festivals of the country; especially in western dance and music events, they are capable of making a clean sweep. But still our own culture dominates western culture in all cultural endeavours here. Folk music, folk dances, folk art are pervading all spheres of NERIST life. Manipuri Raas, Mizo Bamboo Dance, Meghalayas ethnic dances performed at the time of cultivation, Assams Bihu, Arunachals Rikham Pada, Naga War dances, Tripuras tribal and classical dances, Sikkims Mask Dance, all make the stage vibrating during any
cultural event. This type of awareness and pride for own culture is rarely seen elsewhere especially among youth and this is where youth of north east can be the role models for others. Ever since I joined NERIST I never missed the opportunity to associate myself with our cultural fest RACAF-SONABYSS. A rainbow has seven colors, but RACAF-SONABYSS has no such boundaries and reflects a culture with multiple colors and shades. Its amazing to see that these young budding technocrats and professionals who have dedicated themselves for their respective professional areas excel in cultural feats also. Traditional attires, local languages, own traditions and deep assimilation of own cultural values is quite reassuring and there is no trace of culture getting lost here. Youth festivals are integral part of academic institutions and something that these budding professionals reminisce throughout their lives. The objective of academic institutions is not just to impart area specific education but to empower students with knowledge that helps in shaping a complete personality with holistic perspective. In the times when overenthusiastic TV channels supported by deep internet penetration, are leaving no stone unturned to promote western culture in India, conscious efforts are needed to protect our own culture. Old adage Loss of Culture is the Loss of Identity has greater relevance now when wind of change is blowing ruthlessly. It calls for creating
niche for safeguarding our cultural lamps that have shown us light since ages. Indian culture is one of the oldest and has survived many ups and downs. But this is no excuse of complacency. Many big and dominant things have become extinct, and cultures too are lost. Youth are the future leaders. Although we dont want to impose our culture on others, we have to guard ourselves against cultural imperialism that is being imposed on us for market reasons. Onus now is on youth as their activities will decide the destiny of our great nation. Youth festivals can play a significant role in nurturing young talents and also provide a platform for perpetuating our own culture. Need of the hour is to have confidence in ourselves and faith in our culture. If we dont have respect for our culture, we can not expect same from others. Swami Vivekananda recognizing the power of youth exhorts, All power is within you; you can do anything and everything. Believe in that; do not believe that you are weak. Stand up and express divinity in you. Its time to remind ourselves of Swami Vivekanandas prescription to youth, Arise, Awake and Stop Not, till the goal is reached.
Fashion
HAIRSTYLES OF NERIST
N.B : Images from left to right,top to bottom numbered from 1-6 1. Name: Sherpa Hairstyle: Fizzy Hairstyle similar with: Brandon Boyd (Oasis front man) 2. Name: Wallamsuk Laloo Hairstyle: Fauxhawk Hairstyle similar with: David Beckham 3. Name: Mohanshai A hairstyle, hairdo, or haircut refers to the styling of hair, usually on Hairstyle: Dreadlocks the human scalp. The fashioning of hair can be considered an aspect Hairstyle similar with: Sonof personal grooming, fashion, and cosmetics, although practical, culny Sandoval ( P.O.D front man) tural, and popular considerations also influence some hairstyles. 4. Name: Anang Tadar Hairstyle: Duck Tail (1950s) HISTORY:Hairstyle similar with: John Throughout history, people have worn their hair in a wide variety of Travolta styles, largely determined by the fashions of the culture they live in. 5Name: Punwang Lowang Hairstyles are markers and signifiers of social class, age, marital status, Hairstyle: Comb over racial identification, political beliefs and attitudes about gender. Hairstyle similar with: In many cultures, often for religious reasons, womens hair is covered George Clooney. while in public, and in some, such as Haredi Judaism or European 6. Name: Kanny Kago. Orthodox communities, womens hair is shaved or cut very short, and Hairstyle: Japanese modern cut covered with wigs. Only since the end of World War I have women Hairstyle similar with: Genji from begun to wear their hair short and in fairly natural styles.. crows Zero
TRENDY
can be said to be a certain trend that is followed at a certain period of time at a particular place. However today a particular fashion is not confined to a certain place or certain group of people as the world follows a certain global trend where it adapts from the different cultures. Fashion, even if the word might not have been as the same all throughout our history,existed from time immemorial. In todays world fashion trends are not only practiced to be attractive to the opposite gender but as a way of expressing their social status but mostly their way of life. Fashion trends are different for different class of people. While the youth, the college going follows a bit of funky styling, the office going have formal ways of dressing. Categorization also lies between being more western or following the traditional way of dressing. Todays world also sees a blend of both traditional and western trends as the Indian traditional attires are also becoming increasingly popular around the world. Even though both the sexes have fashion trends for a particular time, but fashion is more pronounced among the females. Girls or woman follows fashion more intensely than men. Fashion is as basic to a girl or women of the modern times as eating or sleeping. As fashion boosted as a sector from probably the end of 20th century and came up as a profession its impact on the society especially the girls have increased many folds. From clothing to accessories to hair stylish all are part of a fashion trend that is followed. An occasion mostly decides whether the fashion followed is western or traditional. As the culture for partying or clubbing are becoming increasingly popular, so is the western way of dressing. Traditional dressing is mostly seen during traditional
occasions of a particular place when a girl or women showcases the rich heritage of their particular place The fashion trend of the film celebrities or the high society ladies are also mostly followed as they are mostly the trend setters of the society. Young girls today, mostly try to follow these celebrities as they try more and more to copy their styling. It has been increasingly more so as the options for getting what the celebrities use for fashion are available more, either in the big brightly coloured showroom glittering and attracting the people in big malls or also as imitations of the original fashion or stylish of a particular celebrity. Online shopping and their quick deliveries and most importantly the option for cash delivery have caught many people for fashion trends. The increase in the living standards in people have increased fashion and taken it to a new level as now it is not only the show but the comfort that also matters and people never mind spending the hard earned money to look as appealing as they could be. Though it is a way of showcasing oneself to the world and adding one extra feature by adding the right clothes and right accessories but in most cases, fashion has become sort of a craze. Competing with the world celebrities and the people around, people spend unnecessary and endless time and money and in most cases start judging people by their physical appearance and clothes they put on. They tend to be more concerned only on the outer appearance rather than the mind and the development of the abilities. Even though fashion and styling are important to have a more attractive appearance; even though it is required to show the outer beauty of a person it is not an end to ones personality. Rather it is just a secondary requirement to have a better way of showcasing ones way of living and thinking which would only serve the purpose when the mind and the inner development goes side by side, and not done vaguely to just copy the world.
SONAR ECHOES | ISSUE 2 | PAGE | 8
The value of music on a mans emotional life has been generally recognised. Its essence being the harmonious production of melodious sound. The primitive or the unsophisticated man, after the days toils and troubles, found ease and relaxed in music. Here at Nerist we have a different approach towards western music. We are also blessed with many hidden musicians which are yet to be discovered. What we lack here infact is a platform. But since studying here is our first priority , it can be understood.for what I have noticed here in all these years is that there are some musicians/singers who are really talented that they have a ability to pull it up to mainstream if they are determined so. Western music is divided to unlimited genres, also with the new genres coming up everyday and some of them stays expiremental. Each genre has its origin, the artistic nature of genres means that these classifications are often arbitrary and controversial, and some genres may overlap. The three most fundamental genres are Folk music, Popular Music, Traditional Music .In our institution the majority of us will preferably go for popular music which is the yet modern
Each one of us have our own taste of music, we like our own style and here are some of the genres that we listen to in Nerist: ROCK Blues-Rock-(Bob Dylan, Led Zepplin ,CCR ..Etc) Death Metal/Deathcore(Death, Lamb of God) Glam Rock-(Motley crue, Poison) Metalcore -(As I lay dying, Killswitch engage) Hard Rock- (Guns and roses, metallica) Heavy Metal-(Black Sabbath, AC/DC) Psychedelic-(RHCP, Marilyn Manson) Rock & Roll-(Elvis Presly, The wonders) Progressive-(Dream Theatre, Rush) Alternative-(Alter bridge, P O D, Pearl jam) Punk-(Greenday, Sex pistols,) Emo-(My Chemical Romance, Black Veil Brides)
DANCE Dubstep-(Skrillex,Nero) House-(David Guetta, Avicii) Techno-(Tiesto, Benny Bennasi) POP Adult Contemporary-(Celine Dion, Lionel Ritchie, Britney spears) Pop/Rock-(We the Kings, A Rocket to the Moon) Teen Pop-(Justin Bieber, Miley Cyrus) Kpop-(Wonder girls, Tae Young) ternative Rap-(Kanye west, Drake, Nicki Minaj) Gangsta Rap-(50 cent, Tupac) Latin Rap-(Daddy Yankee, Pitbull) West Coast Rap-(Snoop dog, Dr.Dre) R&B/SOUL (Alicia keys, Beyonce, Usher, BoyzIIMEN REGGAE (Bob marley, Peter Tosh) COUNTRY (Blake Shelton, Dixie Chicks) Our choice of music is highly influenced by the place we came from, for example here at Nerist,in a majority point of view, students coming from different states have different musical tastes and therefore here is a little research I have done regarding all the seven states and their genres which is based on majorities in Nerist onlyARUNACHAL PRADESH: Many-All kinds of Pop, kpop Some-Hip Hop, Punk rock, Emo. NAGALAND : Few- Heavy metal, Deathcore, Hard Rock. Many-Glam metal , all kinds of Pop ,KPop, Hard rock, Heavy Metal, Emo ASSAM: Some- Progressive, R&B, , Punk, Hiphop. Manyall kinds of Pop, House Few- Country, Metalcore, Death metal, music. MANIPUR: MEGHALAYA: Some- Adult ContempoMany-all kinds of Pop. Many-Alternative, all kinds of Pop, Hip hop, rary,Hard rock. Some-Hard rock, heavy metal, Punk Rock. Hard Rock, Glam metal. Few- Deathcore, Death metal, Few-Alternative, deathcore, emo. Some-Dance, R&B, Metalcore, Deathcore Heavy metal. Few- Country, Progressive. Few-Raggae, country, Punk MIZORAM Many-Hip hop, Pop, Hard Rock, Alternative(modern rock), R&B. Some-Dance, Psychedelic, Heavy Metal. Few- Country, Progressive. TRIPURA: Many-Pop, Hiphop, Dance. Some- Alternative, Hard rock, Few-Metalcore, Heavy Metal. SIKKIM: Many-Pop , Progressive, Heavy metal, Hard Rock. Some-Hip hop, Metalcore, Deathcore. Few- Dance, Alternative.
Neighbours Envy Owners Pride
Sunny Chintamani ZooZoo
Utterly, Butterly Amul Girl! Common Man Shera Shera
Lalitaji Stumpy Gattu Maharajah
ascots are storytellers bringing forth the stories of brands to the masses. Historically,the use of mascot as a concept emerged when an opera series named La Mascotte (1880); written by French philosopher Edmond Audron was screened in England and America. The tale was about a farm girl who brought luck to anyone who employed her. Hence, mascots acquired their identity as a person, thing or an animal bringing luck thereafter. Rephrasing the significance of mascots in modern commercial context, they add value to the brand identity of a product or service. Some of the most lively mascots of top brands in Indiathat has left an unflinching legacy in the commercial world are elaborated. N.B: Please kindly refer to the corresponding numbered images on the previous page. 1.Chintamani The Icon for the insurance services for ICICI Prudential Bank in 2005. It was the year when the bank witnessed a brand recall of 92 percent according to AC Nielsons Survey. The idea of having a claymation animated character worked wonderfully in the competitive insurance market. Chintamani, a middle-class, middle aged man was portrayed as a worried soul, engrossed in the search for beneficial money investments. 2. ZooZoo Design Team:Prakash Verma and team, Ogilvy and Mather The white, ghost like but curiously funny creatures became the promotional icons for Vodafones value-addition services. These eggeheads are not animated characters, but humans wearing body suits. The white egg shaped heads became thick and smooth as a result of Perspex (very hard material shell).The bulbous head with the lanky, thin body gives an impression of ZooZoo being very small in size than a human being. 3 Sunfeast Concept and Design: Sunny, known for his Spread the Smile concept, connotes happiness, pleasure and satisfaction that the tasty biscuits promise. It amplifies the emotional connection with the activity of acquiring energy and delight while having the glucose biscuits. With such a strong impressionistic mascot, the company has prospered in terms of branding, outsourcing due to a universal appeal and distribution.. FCB Ulka ITC came into existence in 1910 and encompasses a wide range of brands. It entered the business of biscuits with The Sunfeast biscuits in Glucose, Marie and Cream range. There came the requirement of a visual brand ambassador. 4. Devil Elucidating the theme Neighbours Envy Owners Pride, the devil became a symbol of ownership. For eight long years the Devil captivated the Indian masses with its green, envious deamanor. Onida suffered from bad sales after discontinuing The Devil from its commercials. Finally, it was re-introduced in 1994. The new brand message for Onida When the devil beckons, nothing but the truth prevails. 5. Amul Girl Creator: Eustace Fernandes, 1967 The omnipresent girl wearing a white frock with red polka dots was the wonder creation of Eustace Fernandes in 1967.She could be considered as one of the most popular brand ambassadors, narrating Amuls story through Indias victories in Sports, playing her part as a social participant in the political scenes of India, using automobile brands of India etc. The character design compliments Utterly, Butterly Delicious Amul punchline used for Amul butter. 6. Shera Shera, the name derived from hindi word sher (meaning tiger) was the global face to commemorate the Common Wealth games of 2010. According to the creators, it represents majesty, courage, power and grace.This is effectively communicated with the tagline Come out and Play. .
The Story
Behind the MASCOTS
Efficient voltage regulation scheme for three-phase self-excited induction generator feeding single-phase load in remote locations
Authored by, Sarsing Gao, Department of Electrical Engineering, NERIST. Published in IET Renewable Power Generation
The smiling, energetic look of standing Shera, sometimes with his hand making a victory sign or mostly with his hands joined depicting Indian symbol of welcome (the namaste) creates an interesting fusion of local and global collaborative Sports event. 7. The Common Man is an omnipresent witness to Indias social, political and economic themes brought to light by Laxman as cartoon strip, printed on regular basis on the front page of the national daily for 50 years now. The hope, courage and patience of the common man connects with the masses in bold strokes of black ink. As a mute spectator, the Common Man witnesses all kinds of views, issues and scenarios expressing silent humor. 8. Lalitaji Concept:The idea of an unsmiling but extremely iconic housewife named Lalitaji for selling Surf was the concept made by Alyque Padamsee in early 80s.Clad in a white saree with printed blue border and dots, the charming, middle-class demeanor of Lalitaji with the equally convincing name signified practicality and wisdom a housewife should acquire while buying a washing powder. How could we forget the wonderful advise, Surf ki kharedari mein hi samajhdari hai!!! 9.The baby elephant named Stumpy is the official mascot of ICC World Cup 2010.Elephants are peaceful and powerful animals. Hence, despite of being a baby elephant, Stumpy exudes the same spirit and energy. The name characterizes the game cricket (stumps being a main element of the game). 10. Conceived by renowned cartoonist R.K. Laxman in 1954, when Asian Oil and Paint Company had a massive turnover of Rs. 3.5 lakhs. The impish figure of a street boy holding a paint brush in hand reminds of the corporate role of Asian Paints. Gattu opened the world of colours for the masses of India. The image endows the magic of the paint-brush that adorns the walls of numerous homes and structures in India. Gattu vanished in 2006 when the company decided to capture more mass appeal especially in rural India. 11.Booby Kooka (Erstwhile Director, Air India) Execution: Umesh Rao, J. Walter Thompson, 1946 Composed in a typical red gown and white Chudidaars with wavy yellow borders, the first glance of this Maharajah would symbolize royalty. Though, for its creators it symbolizes an epitome of luxurious living, graciousness, hospitality. His first entry was on an Air India memo pad expressing Air Indias promotional messages to travelers in India. The global appeal has taken him to acquire different personalities in different countries. A pavement artist, a monk, a lover boy in Paris, a sumo wrestler in Tokyo, our Maharajah has played different roles successfully to become an international brand ambassador for Air India.
Abstract: This study presents analysis, design and implementation of a microcontroller based electronic load controller (ELC) for efficient voltage regulation of a three-phase self-excited induction generator (SEIG) feeding single-phase loads in remote locations. The proposed ELC has an uncontrolled rectifier, a filtering capacitor, an insulated gate bipolar transistor switch and a series dump load. The pulse-width modulation (PWM) pulses with appropriate duty cycle are generated using the dsPIC30F6010 micro controller. The duty ratio is determined based on the closed-loop control scheme which decides the amount of power diverted to the dump load. The proposed SEIGELC system demonstrates an effective power switching between the main load and the dump load thereby providing an efficient voltage regulation at the machine terminals. The controller is modelled in Matlab/Simulink and the simulated results are validated by experimental results. In the recent years, power generation from renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, small hydro and bioenergy has attracted a considerable attention in an attempt to supplement the growing energy demands of the world. These energy sources are abundantly available but highly dispersed. Therefore the concept of distributed generation using these renewable energy sources is pertinent and efforts are on to tap these energy sources especially for electrifying remote and rural areas. Keeping in view the low energy demands in these areas where the electricity is required mainly for lighting, fans and entertainment purposes, power generation through a low cost system is an appropriate option. Thus, a self-excited induction generator (SEIG) with an inexpensive electronic load controller (ELC) for regulating the terminal voltage is a suitable candidate. Such a system has to be rugged, simple and user-friendly. Since most of the loads coming on such decentralised generating systems are of single-phase nature, these systems need a generator to feed single-phase loads. Analysis of three-phase SEIG supplying balanced and unbalanced loads is carried out by many researchers which does not include electronic controllers and hence the regulation is not optimum. For supplying single-phaseloads, a single-phase induction generator may be another option but these machines have low efficiency and require special tailor-made designs. Hence use of conventional three-phase in-
duction generators to feed such single-phase loads is a viable option. A /star connected three-phase SEIG feeding single-phase load is analysed under different operating conditions and the results obtained are encouraging. Microprocessor-based electronic load controller is reported to perform well when applied to micro-hydro power generation system but for the complexity of the system. A digital signal processor-based controller for single-phase SEIG is described in literature which is supposed to take care of voltage and frequency regulation. An SEIG combined with a voltage source converter is proposed in to meet the load demand. The frequency is reportedly maintained by absorbing deficit power under varying load conditions. A static compensator and battery energy storage based voltage and frequency regulation of SEIG is proposed in. In this scheme, the voltage and frequency control is achieved by controlling the modulation index of the converter and the load angle, respectively. A similar controller is presented in On operating a three-phase machine as a single-phase generator, there exists an unbalanced current in the machine windings. If the unbalanced current is not compensated for, the winding insulation may get punctured because of heating. An unbalanced current mitigation technique is detailed in While the above schemes are reported to be capable of accomplishing voltage and frequency regulation along with reactive power compensation, the cost involved is enormous. These control schemes cannot be justified, especially when the generated power is in the range of 10100 kW. The developed electronic load controller based on dsPIC30F6010 microcontroller is observed to be suitable for voltage regulation of self-excited induction generator intended for constant power applications. The controller scheme is simple, cost effective and user-friendly. Simulated and experimental results show the capability of the SEIGELC system in maintaining constant voltage and constant power while supplying both resistive and inductive loads. Although the voltage regulation is found to be satisfactory with efficient switching of power between the main load and the dump load, the harmonics present in the load currents are little high. This study has a practical significance, however, keepSONAR ECHOES 2013 | ISSUE 2 | PAGE | 18
nowledge is limitless . Profound like an ocean. With countless curiosities crossing our relentless minds everyday there is no end to knowing. Thirst for knowledge remains unquenched. But is knowledge enough? What do we do with it? How do we use our knowledge to make the world a better place to live in, how do we learn to live together, how do we learn to accept and respect each other with our differences, how do we learn to share and care, how do we learn to spread love and kindness? What it means to be free and what is happiness? Finally, what it means to LIVE life? As our favourite quotation goes, one life one opportunity once lost, lost forever. How to make the best use of this one opportunity we all have been blessed with? Lets take a step back. Yes knowledge is not enough. WISDOM it is ! To all who have taught us to be wise, who have nurtured in us the power to listen (not just hear), to observe, to comprehend, to analyse, to think critically, to resolve, to imagine, to create and above all have taught us what it means to be a good human being, I salute ! I believe our teachers are the greatest heroes of our lives. They have taught us to make use of knowledge to seek answers to all the intriguing questions mentioned above through attainment of wisdom! - Atanu Debnath class of 2001, ECE Presently at Royal Bank of Scotland. Chennai, Tamil Nadu.
Sanskaarthe Values
ALUMNI
MAILBOX
ven after more than 20 years of physical disconnect with my alma mater, the bonding never got loosened. In fact, bonding with NERIST grows every year. There might have been many changes since we left the campus for the harsh external world, but I am sure as always NERIST provides the same cocoon of friends, faculty, staff, hostel rooms, library and labs. The occasional excursions to the nearby towns and other places were the brighter spots in our lengthy stay in the dorms. We always looked forward to Sonabyss, so that we can pour our creative juice for the overall entertainment of the NERIST family. I wish you all the best. Have fun. Get ready. - Abhijit Deb Class of 93[1987-1993], ECE Presently at Booz Allen Hamilton Washington, District of Columbia
Sanskaar---one of the most beautiful words in the glossary of Indian Culture, the culture that has won millions of hearts across the globe! The tradition that has attracted various travelers and rulers over the years! We have a tremendous value system. What values are we talking about? Those which are not ours at all, which has been attacked, diluted and played with innumerable times by Mughals, Britishers and other lunatics! Do we exactly remember what our values were originally? Are we talking about those values that allow our enemies to take away all the golds from our temples with all of us waiting and praying for God to punish them? Or that Sanskaar which allows Sri Ram to put Sita on AgniPariksha; likes to let Lord Krishna have love affair with Radha, marry two other women and enjoy Raas-leela with thousands of Gopis, or that tradition which divides our society in the name of castes and hierarchies all with the hidden motive of satisfying self-interests! No, I do not intend to degrade our culture or values which in fact are great. Following lines of Mohammad Iqbal make me proud to be a part of the grand tradition called India: Yunaan, Mishr Rumaa sab mit gaye jaha se, Baki abhi talak hai namonishaan hamaara, Kuchh Baat hai ki hasti mitati nahi hamari, Sadiyo reha hai dushman daure Jahaa Hamara Im only afraid of the misuse of the term Sanskaar in order to defend our mistakes and hide the weaknesses imbibed within us. Whats wrong is wrong. Culture does not mean to follow our ancestors blindly, nor is it to bind ourselves within certain rules without knowing why. Everybody strives for survival and dominance. Even God, he expects worships and prayers, thats His interest, otherwise He should listen indiscriminately to all, even to the atheists. We worship because we want something from Him. Its quite natural and has nothing to do with values. Some kind of purpose and motive is behind most of the acts. And thats why traditions are made, Sanskaars are im-
posed! But time comes when our personal interests start loosing its significance giving way to the beautiful emergence of love and truth. That is when our hearts start speaking. A child in Mothers arms feels relaxed and happy. He has read no books, knows nothing about Sanskaar but still is aware of the noble fact that he is in secure arms. He enjoys the blissful moment of being in her lap. He loves her and admires her. All these feelings arise straight from his heart. After all his brain is hardly developed to understand and analyse anything else other than the language of mothers self-less love. His heart speaks and that is his Sanskaar. Most of us are taught to respect our elders. We learn this at home and in schools. What happens if we dont feel like respecting somebody? We pretend to, because we have to follow what has been taught. Our hearts dont support our actions. A number of such little acts gradually take us away from our actual self. Our integrity is lost in the midst of pretensions and lies. Is that what our Sanskaars aim at? I respect my parents not merely because it is taught as a lesson on Sanskaars somewhere. I actually respect them. I love them and can go to any extent to bring smile on their faces. My heart says, I love them, they are my Gods. And that is my Sanskaar. There was no written or formatted Value-System but only sacred Love in Meerabais immense devotion to Lord Krishna, Sabari and Hanumans Bhakti for Raam. We can never connect to God through mind or logic. That can be done only when we surrender ourselves completely, shut our thinking nerves and let our hearts speak. Never put a barrier on the flights of ones heart; let it travel beyond limitations, reach out, and achieve the impossible. Passion should be the foundation of any Sanskaar. Sanskaar is not what others want us to do, but what we believe in. Our values must be solely ours. We should identify with it, breathe it and live it.Only then it is Sanskaar in the truest sense. Swami Vivekananda said, Whenever there is a conflict between the heart and the mind, let the heart be followed.
- Amit Shukla 1999-2005, Presently at : Bank of America Singapore
DANCE DURING RACAF
MA 5101 CELEBRATION
DIKRONG
et me start from my very first day I came out of house with a hope to start a new life. Me & my friend Kaushik thought that college means full of Mastis(fun)... all hot chicks, no classes to attend, all time dancing , singing & many more dreams... But when I came to college, standing in front of the administrative block, I was searching for some high tower type buildings & later on was surprised to know that this administrative block is the only biggest block of the college. Day 1 started... whole nite I cudnt sleep coz of seniors.. So I went 2 class & fall asleep at d lst bench. but unfortunately d 1st class was of A.S. Rai Sir. At dat time i dnt knw him & he shouted at me lyk anything & threw d duster on me & sent me out of d classroom... 2nd day nite... all seniors called me & told me give a Fantom pose!! I was astonished to know how 2 give dat pose, thy told me 2 wear my underwear over my full pant & fix a towel at my back & give a pose as if Im flying. Though I was getting scared at dat time, but I was also enjoying those moments... Then came d 1st sunday... 1 senior ordered to 2 visit room no. 97.... When I went der I saw there were not less than 25 seniors standing inside d room & 1 guy having huge muscle & long hairs (Diptanu Da) facing towards d floor sitting in d middle of d room. D moment I reachd infront of him,
Y@ NERIST
EARS
he stared at me with his red eyes. I got frightened & started crying lyk anything... After dat with in instance all seniors left d room as I may give complaint 2 d anti ragging squad... Then Diptanu Da hold my hands & took me 2 another room & made me understand dat they were kidding wid me. After few days A final year guy named Sanat Da 98 batch, by indicating towrds a girl & told me 2 tell her F*** U. I went there & told her d word what he told... Dat girl was his girl frnd & he thought dat I wont go and tell her that word, but unfortunately I went there.. coz at dat tym I didnt know d meaning of dat word. Finally it resulted into their BREAK-UP...!! At dat vry nite dat senior came 2 my room totally drunk & shouting at me how stupid U r dat you dont know d meaning of F*** U & coz of U stupidity Today my girl frnd broke up wid me.... Then d days came 4 Mid-Sem... My estimation..If I can bring 60 out of 100 I will get BGrade. Dat was 2 easy in my imagination... I appeared d 1st exam dat waz Physics.... Dis was 4 d 1st time I was doing Derivations... Learned 29 derivations but @ d exam hall I 4got everythng... & finally I scored 4 out of 27 Followed by my school mate Kaushik 5.5 out of 27 & Sumit (topper of my school) scored 7 out of 27. Then I realised dat 2 score B grade is 2 tough.. Then came d 1st nite B4 General freshers... Tero keyang- d terror caught me on d roads & took me 4 Block tour... He feed me wid so much of fast food dat i got frustrated but got no other option other than swallowing d food On d event of general freshers I acted lyk a small baby... I wz provide wid a milk bottle with a nipple & milk in it. & I acted wid it crying alone & taking milk. Those moments when I remember today cherish me a lot.. In such horrible conditions 1st year came 2 an end having a CGPA of 2.96 plus 1 bonus of Back in Maths.... Few idiot seniors shouted at me U r gone, U will get chocked out and bla bla bal but thanks 2 them dat their tough words made me determined & I passed Base having a CGPA of 3.69..!! When we were in 3rd year we stood beside d 1st years & started protecting them against ragging 4m seniors.... & dis led to a huge clash between our 3rd
year batch & Final year batch. During year Saraswati puja, as I was d In-charge. we planned 4 stilling flowers from faculty houses.Myself, Kaushik (d Ninja), Uttam & Sandy went out at d middle of d nite. But unfortunately while returning from Pradip Lingfas house Dogs ran behind us & our beloved Uttam lost his Ass..... We got frightened, what to do & what not & finally we took him 2 Tana hospital 2 stop his bleeding. Dis year only I got attracted 2 one of my batch mate... My days became vry beautiful I was lyk flying high up in d sky full of birds.. At dat point of tym 1 glimpse was enough 2 make my day... At d end of 3rd year, 4 d 1st time I went out wid my friends 4 an industrial training (just 4 name sake) :P at Bhubaneswar. Njoyed there a lot wid Bhaskar, Pradip, Sammy & many more. Gradually d 5th year came, we became one of d senior persons of d college... I wz elected as d assistant General secretary of Mechanical Association of NERIST, selected as d Drama club In-charge of RACAF. At that time I realised dat gradually responsibilites are coming on our shoulder. & as I wz too strng in maths I wz 2 afraid of MA5101. A.S Rai sir used to tell at our class at max 20% students will pass & rest will retain. I was 2 afraid & dat waz my record dat b4 Mid-Sem I finished 17 copies just 4 maths & somehow managed 2 get B grade at d end.( My highest marks in maths in NERIST LYF). Gradually d days of final year started knocking at d door & we got 2 curious 4 a job. D 1st campusing came on 12th sept09, there were 76 students who attended d written. Mid-Sem strtd 4m 14th Sept09. But out of querry it was difficult 4 me 2 concentrate on studies. Result were out on 19th Sept09..when I was preparing 2 go home 4 PujaSuddenly a call came & 1 of my frnd told me dat only 5 got selected... I was sure dat out of 76. I cant be d best 5.!! Then another frnd called me & tld dat I got selected, I scolded him lyk anything dat dont joke wid me & bla bla bla... Finally got a call 4m T&P, dat I got selected... I wz 2 excited at dat moment. dat I cant explain. I shouted lyk anything... Amit, Dabba, Omkar & all took me on their head & roamed around d hostel...
PICNIC
HOLI 2010
I was 2 excited, I went out & I gave treat 2 every1 whom I met. In d bus, I gave treat 2 all persons who were inside d busa Chicken Pattis & a coke!! But after dat, I 4gt dat still I am in college, I gave up studying completely, didnt attended even a single class of A.T. Mandal Sir. Dis one year I enjoyd a lot... went 2 Kaziranga, wnt 2 Shillong, wnt 2 Tawang. means total wastage of dads money Do U know during my final year days, our GATE exam was on 14th Feb10....!!! I went 2 give exam wid a red rose in my hand..!!! Finally i got d score card, scored 3.76 (i.e., NERIST GPA :P). but I was happy dat i didnt scored negative marks... Dis is how my NERIST lyf came 2 an end wid lots of sweet memories & many scarcasting incidents dat I cant reveal in public. So guys enjoy Ur NERIST life 2 d fullest, each & every moment is precious.... dat U will realise after u get passed out. Seniors may tell U study hard, but I alwayzprefer 2 enjoy wid my frnds & always Ive given studies d 2nd priority. There is no need to score 5 out of 5... U just give Ur best & never compare urself wid others dat will hurt U... Wish U All d Vry Bst 4 Ur future!!! Few things dat NERISTIAN should not MissD pakora of Dadu. Nanas Chicken Omlet. D long bath at Dikrong river Block war during Diwali night. Stilling flowers from faculty houses Partying at nite at d administrative building.. Wine storm of NERIST Hostel block busters (specially late nite shows). Taking bath wid all frnds at d roof top.. Entering Block -G at least once in NERIST life by hook or by crook. Dancing in d auditorium.. With love and best wishes, Saptarshi Pal 2004-2010, ME
ENGINEERING BEHIND THE BEATS THE FIVE ELEMENTS OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

Why does music move the soul, And temporarily make us whole? What is it about the vibration of air, That draws us from darkness lair? How does it bolster our being, And keep our time from fleeing? I think these questions though, Are misdirected very so. It is not why or what or how too, Because music is not a thing but a who. Shell take your hand and dance, Opening your heart to sweet romance. If your crushed shell take your hand, And give you strength to stand.
EXPERIENCES
AT NERIST AND NIT TRICHY
ello NERIST-iansI have tried to compare the two institutes from my perspective and given a message to all the juniors at the end. I know both institutes have been set up with different missions and no one is better than other. During my time, I was a volunteer for Sonaquips. We were called the wise ones (TWO). At that time, we used to have one version published for each day of RACAF. At NIT Trichy, feeds is published every month. It is a monthly magazine fully sponsored by the institute and is given free of charge to the students. Apart from articles on latest technologies and creative works, it gives information about new developments in the institute and upcoming events. The students here have formed different clubs like Dance, Drama, Music , Delta, Spider, Robotics, etc. There are inductions for each club and you have to qualify examination conducted by the club incharges to be member of the club. Through the Club, the students organize different events and take charge of specific works during cultural and technical fest. I didnt find much difference in the infrastructure here compared to NERIST. Considering the batch size, student to teacher ratio is very good in NERIST. I didnt find much difference in the teaching quality here. The difference is in the quality of students getting admitted here. Every year dozen of students from B.Tech crack GRE and go for M.S. abroad with scholarship. Also, dozens of students get calls from IIMs for post graduate diploma in management. I found the pattern of examination tougher here. In NERIST, we have Mid-Sem and End-Sem Exam with one subject in one day. Here, there are two CTs (Continuous Assessement Tests) instead of Mid-Sem and End-Sem. Also, there are two papers
in one day for CTs. So, the CTs go like Rajdhani Express with 6 exams in 3 days. It was tough to adjust to the pattern and one night preparation did not work. I did regular studies and finally got good result. The biggest difference and perhaps the most of all is the placement scenario. Students get a lot of opportunities here. Throughout the year, more than 200 companies visit the institute for campus recruitment. Even with the batch size of around 100, the overall placement percentage is more than 90%. Also, nearly half of the class gets placed in core companies. Others get placed in management and software companies. One of the things that affect the placement of NERIST is its location. I think one way in which more opportunities can be generated in NERIST is through active participation in pool campus selection process. If possible, the relationship with NIT Silchar, AEC and IIT Guwahati can be strengthened and we can also participate in the pool campus selection process of companies visiting these institutes. In final year, the world changes for you. Somehow, you feel the ground below you is sliding and you starting thinking what about life after college. That is the time to focus yourself so you dont feel tensed or get depressed. All you think is how to get a job. You need to think patiently and decide what you want to do. I am going to motivate you for doing Post Graduation. If you are interested in teaching, M.Tech has become a minimum qualification. Many have the misconception that M.Tech is only for entering to teaching profession. It is not the case if you do it from a premiere institute like IIT or NIT. Post Graduate students also get opportunities to enter into core industries. And it is much easier to grab those opportunities compared to getting selected in PSUs through off-campus process.
As all PSUs are recruiting through GATE now, you all will be appearing for the exam. I would suggest you to keep your preferences as PSUs, IITs, NITs, IIITs. If your score is not enough for the last option also, then you should try coaching atleast for a year to give one more try. Then you should try for other colleges both govt. and private. I am saying this because there are no proper coaching institutes available near NERIST. Most of my classmates here have done atleast one year coaching in ACE or Made Easy and those who do not have year gap have done one or two years coaching in parallel with their B.Tech classes. I am telling this just to make you aware of the competition so that you can accept the fact that it is very difficult to crack GATE at the first attempt and without coaching. And it is okay to go for coaching if you are not able to crack it in one attempt. Some of you may want to enter the industry even if you get work in software field. You may have plans of going Bangalore or any other city and search for job. With me and my classmates experiences, I would tell you there are not enough opportunities
in off campus for private companies. Dont have that plan until and unless you have a very strong reference that can push you in. The proper way is to select a good institute which give industry oriented training of atleast 6 months with placement assistance. One such organization which I am aware of is C-DAC. They conduct entrance test for admissions which is not that tough to crack. A lot of companies visit their campus and would give you sufficient opportunities after completion of course. The last two paragraphs are only intended for final and pre-final year students. For others, I will say its the right time for enjoyment. Be sincere and serious about academics but dont forget to enjoy and involve in extra-curricular activities. Involve yourself more in Sports, Cultural Fest and Technical Fest, first as participants and then as in-charges. These things help build your personality and make you a better person. All the best for your future plans. Keep Rocking !!
Bishwajeet Sah (2K6 Batch)(ECE) M.Tech Student. NIT Trichy.
ROMANAAGARII YOUNGISTAAN KI AWAAZ!

Jab tak ee desh ma sanima (cinema) hai log ch***ye bante rahenge
Authored by Pinak Pani Datta
And if so, we will again find it easier to read The Bhagavad Gita like this ;-) Jo Hua Hai, Accha Hua Hai, Jo Ho Raha Hai, Accha Ho Raha Hai. Jo Hone Wala Hai, Accha Hi Hoga. Tumhara Kya Kho Gaya Hai Jo Tum Ro Rahe Ho? Tum Kya Leke Aye The Jo Tumhara Kho Gaya? Kya Tumne Wo Shristhi Kiya Tha Jo Ab Nahi Hai? Tumne Jo Liya Hai, Yahi Se Liya Hai. Jo Diya Hai, Yahi Pe Diya Hai. Aaj Jo Tumhara Hai, Kal Wo Kisi Aur Ka Tha Parso Kisi Aur Ka Ho Jayega Pariwartan Hi Iss Sansar Ka Dharm Hai.
oasts a Bollywood hating Ramadhir Singh in Gangs of Wasseypur 2. I took him too seriously for a moment. But, is it really so Ramadhir?? Has not Bollywood given us anything worthy?? Look at the poster above, it is the famous film Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge, we read it fluently dont we?? Thats what Bollywood has been promoting since its inception. An all new Indian script called Romanaagarii Script. For those who didnt get me yet, it is a kind of hindi/native language written in Roman script. Eg : Samajh me aya?? I had always conversed in Hinglish/ Benglish scripts since I started texting short messages back in school. It used to be kind of an agreed code language between fellow teenager friends. Coded coz we didnt want our parents to read but understand our messages. Then one day my dad missed one of my calls and replied me with a sms which said Amra vhalo achi (we are fine). How are you? Damn!! I was like, how could Dad write like that? It felt as if the generation gap had narrowed by more than a kilometer :D Recently I came across an article in The Telegraph which reported about this strange new language evolving in India; or as we call it Youngistaan!!! It was a totally technical report on how this language is more tough to decode and consumes more brain functionality than regular scripted Hindi or English. Hence, I did my regular Google search. Indeed, a professor Virendra Pal Singh by name is
working on a Romanaagrii script based on English (Roman), Devanagari script and ASCII, which is another created script for programming. Virendra knows Hindi, Sanskrit, Gujrati, Punjabi, English, Arabic, French and Spanish and is a master of computer science from McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada. He has developed a concept of Simple, Alphabetic and Rational Approach to Literacy (SARAL) and innovated SARAL fonts for writing several languages. So, this code language of our teenage is official now. Mr. Virendras website infact promises a 9 lesson tutorial of Romanagarii writing. No doubt this new style of writing ones native language in English script is a mass phenomenon among the young Indians who memorized English alphabets long before they understood it came from England; and grew up with the digital revolution. IMs, SMSs, Facebook posts, tweets, everywhere Hindi and other local languages are being fluently used in English scripts. But, this thing has a drawback too; it becomes cumbersome when the message is too long. It is best for short messages. As languages like Bengali, Asomese, Oriya, all evolved separately from the same Devanagari script, the day aint far when a new nation called Youngistaan will emerge with a new global language called Romanaagarii.
YOU USE IT DAILY BUT, DO YOU KNOW ! THERE IS SOMETHING FUNCTIONAL BEYOND DESIGN AESTHETICS.
Notice the two circular markings at the end of the toothpick. They are not only for decorative purposes. One is where a person breaks off the toothpick after it has been used to signify that its a used one. The second mark is to use as a peg to put the used pick on a flat surface so as that the tip doesnt touch the surface.
SMART PHONES
I was wondering what the first smartphone looked like? So Googled it and saw.. Not what i expected ! It was released in 1992, long before the word smartphone even coined for these types of phones. Not anything near todays slick models. The phone seemed to me as ubiquitous to as anvils were to Wile E. Coyote of Looney toons, with nearly the whole world using them and more than 60% of all cellphone users sending and receiving text messages. Of course you dont have to go back this far to see how technology has evolved. Even the old Noika 3310 one of Indias most favourite phone will now give you a chuckle. These phones were virtually indestructible, could be read in direct sunlight due to their LCD screen, and other than the old fashion trend of matching the phone cases with your dress the battery life was really awesome. Today if you want to buy a smartphone, you look for the hottest mobile phones of the year and to save you time you dont go to your local phone shop, rather you check for it online. The recent launches, great mid-range devices shaking the list up quite a bit, falling prices and a hot new refresh from Apple is what you look forward to every time. Things are changing fast in the world of smartphones: slashed prices, ever-improving hardware and refreshed handsets arriving every few months, means that things never stand still. You look for operating systems, sizes, and prices, so youll be armed with everything you need when choosing to buy your smartphone. You regularly update yourself with the latest feature with the latest and greatest smartphones, their review, so that you can see where the smart money is heading. Some are great for battery life working as general internet device like Huawei Ascend Mate in spite of its big size. Nokia Lumia series of 620, 820, 920, 1020, etc are windows phone based and have great cameras and poor battery. Samsung Galaxy series of S, Note, grand, etc. are the top selling android smart phones for all income groups with different price ranges. Add to that the HTCs, Motorolas, LGs , Blackberrys and Sony with their time to time releases. I am personally a Sony fan for its picture and music quality and have used sonys
Authored by Swanirbhar Majumder Assistant Professor Dept of ECE ,NERIST
mid range smart phones K750i, C510 and now the Xperia U. Sony has left its partner Ericson and is selling its Xperia series phones of all price ranges. They are mainly bought by the ardent Sony fans like myself or those who are attracted by its new feature of dust , sweat and water resistant encapsulated fragile glass + metal phones of Z series being promoted by Ms Kaif. While for our late Steve Jobs Apple series I do not need to say anything at all. Today everyone wants a smartphone! You can choose between different brands but in the end all the smartphones will give you the same thing: more functionality! In todays world smart phones seem to be able to do everything from sending and receiving e-mail and instant messages to making the morning coffee, or at least showing the user the GPS location of the nearest restaurant or coffee shop. With all of the advanced functionality of smart phones today, the choice of what device is best for ones needs can at times be complex. For one who is new to the world smart phones it can be quite confusing at first. There is, however some basic features of smart phones which are common to pretty much all devices in this category of technology: 1. The ability to not only made and receive phone calls, text messages, and voicemail, but also the ability to access the Internet. Most have a built-in browser, which is proprietary to the maker of the phone. However, major browsers have begun to develop versions of their s/w to run on smart phone operating systems. Allowing the user to choose what they are most comfortable with. 2. The ability to access digital media. This means that the user can load music, video, and pictures onto their phone and be able to enjoy all of their media while on the go. Digital media devices have been around for many years, but with smart phones incorporating the functions of these devices, users now have less items to carry around, less expense to invest in technology, and more convenience by being able to access, share, and utilize their digital media all from one easy-to-use interface. Almost every smart phone on the market as the ability to access digital media files. 3. Most smart phones, even those at the lower end
of the quality spectrum, incorporate some sort of audio video recording technology. On most every smartphone on the market has some type of camera built in. Most phones have voice recording functions as well. This means that a person can easily take pictures, shoot video and even record ideas and make notes to themselves while on the go. 4. One of the biggest features of smart phones is their ability to make use of small computer programs called apps. These applications can perform a wide variety of functions for the user. Everything from looking up sport scores to displaying animated cartoons for key functions can be carried out with the use of apps. Almost all smart phones have the ability to access a repository of thousands of apps making the functionality of smart phones almost limitless. Thus when it comes to the basic features smart phones most phones have the same core functionality. This would be the ability to act as a communication device, a multimedia device, and a mini application operating platform. There is, however dozens more features available to smart phones which vary from manufacturers to manufacture. Smart phones have become a core piece of technology in the modern world, indeed, it is almost impossible or one to go through their day without using, or encountering a person who is using a smart phone. These days is seems that a person is completely lost without their smartphone. Many of us fully believe that it is an important member of family. While others think that its just an expensive toy. The truth is that these people need to take a moment to stop and look at the many features that are associated with these phones and see all of the advancements that have been made to make a persons life easier on a regular basis. Starting with, being able to avoid carrying a camera to parties, holiday trips and picnics. This is one thing that separates these from being just a fancy toy. It has helped to simplify a persons life in the fact that this eliminated the need for a PDA. A person is now able to keep up with their appointments and other details of their life with a lot more ease in the fact that these have a built in calendar feature that assist in keeping a person on track. These days a
person is able to keep up with all of the appointments that they have both professionally as well as personally. Thus an appointment/birthday/meeting is not missed when a person is going through their day on a regular basis. Many think/feel that the touchscreen is not an improvement to a phone as they have gotten used to the use of a keyboard/QWERTY. Then, there are those that swear by the use of a touchscreen as they see it is easier to use than a keyboard. One of the problem that might be is that of their fingers being way too big to hit a single key and they end up hitting multiple keys at once :P. The implementation of a touchscreen makes the process of using a smartphone a lot easier and affords a person the chance to make sure that they are hitting the items that they want instead of having to take a chance that they hit the right key on a keyboard. In using icons as well as an onscreen keyboard, the user is able to make use of many of the advancements that have come from taking the smartphone and placing it in their everyday life. There is also the use of a stylus that helps making the use of a touchscreen to be a lot easier and as a result a lot more productive for a user. For those that argue that the touchscreen is not a good advancement, their big argument is that the screen tends to be damaged way too easy and therefore makes the phone useless. This is a risk that is associated with the use of these phones, but one that is well worth it in getting the ease of use from not hitting the wrong keys all the time. The use of a keyboard can often slow a person down in getting their work done. This can also cause mistakes to be made. The reason that mistakes can be made, is that many people are very visual when they are using their phone; this means that they see with their eyes and are not really thinking about what a key that they are hitting really does. This is why the touchscreen is more preferred it also allows for the phone to be smaller is size as opposed to using a keyboard design. There are a lot of people that say that a smartphone is a massive inconvenience in a persons life. This is a statement that is both true as well as false depending
on the type of work that they are trying to do with their phone. It really depends on the amount of work that they are trying to do as well as the maker of the app for the smartphone. Getting the best apps for a phone is vitally important in the fact that many makers aim to take efforts to get the best performance from their phones. The dust has hardly settled after the launch of the Sony Xperia Z, HTC One and Samsung Galaxy S4, and theres still no definite news of the iPhone 5S/6, as the companies are already competing for the next smartphone technology that they can provide to the customer. Traditionally only the brave or the foolish try to predict the future. You will be called brave if your risk and win it and foolish if u risk and lose. In any case, the future has already revealed itself to the astute observer. As Its all about size as the tablets are getting smaller and the phones are getting bigger to give us the 5 to 7 inch phablets. Were talking about skinny phones, because if a phone is big in two dimensions, it had better be tiny in the third. So we are looking towards the sleek and skinny ones. Already mobile accounts for more than half of all Facebook activity and 27% of LinkedIn usage. Facebook is hungry for even more, which is why it launched Facebook Home, a strategy designed to turn your Android phone into a Facebook phone by stealth, and annoy the pants off Google. Facebook Home may or may not take off, but you can bet that in 2014 well be spending even more of our time getting social via our phones. Next is the mobile internet. As per Facebook usage statistics the mobile internet has long ceased to be a gimmick or a luxury. Increasingly, the web is mobile and mobile is the web. With 4G and Wi-Fi being the norm, the always-on world will become a reality and data will migrate increasingly to the cloud. While for user interfaces, if you still think touchscreens are cool, youre in for a shock, because touchless is the new touch. After all, if your phone can recognise your voice, your face and your eyes, why does it need you to poke it with your fat fingers? Thats not very polite now, is it? Whether its voice control, eye control or gesture recognition, touchless interfaces are the next big thing. You might even interact with your phone via a gadget. Were thinking watches. Were thinking glasses. So your phone wont be a passive device, rather it will be busy. Today we have it downloading software updates, making calendar appointments and fetching train times on your behalf. With developments in Siri, Google Now, and Windows Live Tiles, phones are increasingly going to be living out busy and interesting lives of their own. When processors contain more than 4 cores, using the Greek numbering system doesnt work so well. Quad
core, octa core, hexadeca core, the trend will go on. Lets predict that the phone of 2014 will have 16 cores. Why? Because Moores Law says so. The question is what to do with all those cores? This is a serious question. And the answer is playing games. Can the S4 play games in 1080p HD resolution? Yes, it can. Can it mirror its screen wirelessly on a compatible TV? Yes, it can. Does it have motion sensitivity controls? Yes, it does. Next years smartphone will have more processing power and graphics capabilities than a PS3 or Xbox 360. With motion control built-in, it isnt really a smartphone anymore. Its a games console in disguise. Perhaps the PS4 and Xbox One will be last-gen consoles, not next-gen. Poor old Microsoft. First tablets killed sales of PCs and laptops. Now Android and iOS are killing sales of Windows Phone. The next generation of smartphones looks like it might kill the Xbox One before its even launched. The trend is up so the cost too will but the amount of features one will be getting will seem to make it look a bit cheaper. How far it can go is anyones guess, but Apple seems determined to find out, and where Apple goes, Samsung and the others will follow. References: 1. The smart phones of tomorrow by Niwaer Ai, Ying Lu and Jitender Deogun, ACM SIGBED Review - Special issue on the RTSS forum on deeply embedded real-time computing Homepage archive, Volume 5 Issue 1, January 2008, Article No. 16, ACM New York, NY, USA 2. http://www.pocket-lint.com/news/120309best-smartphones-2013-the-best-phones-available-tobuy-today 3. http://www.s21.com 4. www.modernizetelecom.com 5. http://www.phonearena.com
COMPUTER AIDED ANALYSIS OF ALLOWABLE BEARING PRESSURE OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS IN LAYERED SOIL USING SCILAB
Computation of Bearing Capacity (BC) and Allowable Bearing Pressure(ABP) is one of the important and essential task of foundation design. Allowable Bearing Pressure of a site depends on the shear strength parameters and settlement characteristics of the site , and, the foundation type and shape. On many occasions, detailed Geotechnical characterisation of a site may not be possible due to difficult ground conditions and limited time and resources. Under such situations, some of the salient soil parameters needs to be estimated from other available geotechnical data, which calls for considerable geotechnical expertise. It also becomes imperative to carry out sensitivity analysis, where studies made as to how the targeted design output, viz. BC or ABP is affected by the variation of input geotechnical parameters including the estimated ones. Computer aided sensitivity analysis decreases cost and increases the productivity in selecting final engineering design. In this work, an efficient scilab program is developed which a)takes input of various geotechnical data gathered during site exploration, b)uses the appropriate geotechnical parameters, if available from site explorations for direct computation of BC and ABP, c) estimates geotechnical parameters necessary for the calculation of BC and ABP from other available geotechnical data using well established empirical relations, d) can handle layered site, e) computes BC and ABP for shallow foundations of various shapes and f) generates appropriate geotechnical report. The program can determine the significant depth of shear failure or zone of settlement and uses the properties of various layers within this significant depth. Another highly useful feature of the program is that the user can choose to carry out the computation using either a)the user-defined values of geotechnical parameters(recommended by geotechnical experts),b) the arithmetic average of the parameters or c) the weighted average of these parameters within the significant depth. Modular program design paradigm is used for efficient data hiding. Use is made of SCILAB features like struct, mlist, etc. for the efficient data management. The results obtained from this program are found to be correct and thus the program is useful for geotechnical engineering practice.
Authored by : DR.SUKUMAR BAISHYA, Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering. NERIST. 1. NITI TAKI. 2. SABYASACHI DE. 3. M.D. ZEESHAN. [1,2,3] Student, Dept. of Civil Engineering. NERIST. This paper is accepted for presentation in the 29th international CAE conference held on 21 & 22 October 2013 in Verona, Italy.
AEROGEL Worlds lightest material

Authored by: Saugata Chowdhury Final year student Dept. of Mechanical Engineering,NERIST
rials that do not resemble a gel in their physical properties; the name comes from the fact that they are made from gels. Pressing softly on an aerogel typically does not leave even a minor mark; pressing more firmly will leave a permanent depression. Pressing extremely firmly will cause a catastrophic breakdown in the sparse structure, causing it to shatter like glass a property known as friability; although more modern variations do not suffer from this. Despite the fact that it is prone to shattering, it is very strong structurally. Its impressive load bearing abilities are due to the dendritic microstructure, in which spherical particles of average size (25 nm) are fused together into clusters. These clusters form a three-dimensional highly porous structure of almost fractal chains, with pores just under 100 nm. The average size and density of the pores can be controlled during the manufacturing process. Aerogels are good thermal insulators because they almost nullify two of the three methods of heat transfer (convection, conduction, and radiation). They are good conductive insulators because they are composed almost entirely from a gas, and gases are very poor heat conductors. Silica aerogel is especially good because silica is also a poor conductor of heat (a metallic aerogel, on the other hand, would be less effective). They are good convectiveinhibitors because air cannot circulate through the lattice. Aerogels are poor radiative insulators because infrared radiation (which transfers heat) passes right through silica aerogel. Owing to its hygroscopic nature, aerogel feels dry and acts as a strong desiccant. Persons handling aerogel for extended periods should wear gloves to prevent the appearance of dry brittle spots on their skin. The slight color it does have is due to Rayleigh scattering of the shorter wavelengths of visible light by the nanosized dendritic structure. This causes it to appear smoky blue against dark backgrounds and yellowish against bright backgrounds. Aerogels by themselves are hydrophilic, but chemical treatment can make them hydrophobic. If they absorb moisture they usually suffer a structural change, such as contraction, and deteriorate, but degradation can be prevented by making them hydrophobic. Aerogels with hydrophobic interiors are less susceptible to degradation than aerogels with only an outer hydrophobic layer, even if a crack penetrates the sur-
face. Hydrophobic treatment facilitates processing because it allows the use of a water jet cutter. Applications and future of Aerogel: Aerogel has found widespread application such as: 1. Transparent silica aerogel would be very suitable as a thermal insulation material for windows, significantly limiting thermal losses of buildings. 2. Its high surface area leads to many applications, such as a chemical adsorber for cleaning up spills. This feature also gives it great potential as a catalyst or a catalyst carrier. 3. Aerogel particles are used as thickening agents in some paints and cosmetics. 4. Aerogel can be used as a drug delivery system owing to its biocompatibility. Due to its high surface area and porous structure, drugs can be adsorbed from supercritical CO2. 5. Carbon aerogels are used in the construction of small electrochemical double layer supercapacitors. Due to the high surface area of the aerogel, these capacitors can be 1/2000th to 1/5000th the size of similarly rated electrolytic capacitors. Aerogel supercapacitors can have a very low impedance compared to normal supercapacitors and can absorb or produce very high peak currents. 6. Aerogel can be used in the making of jackets and blankets for its good insulation characteristics. 7. Dunlop has recently incorporated aerogel into the mold of its new series of tennis racquets, and has previously used it in squash racquets. 8. Chalcogels have shown promise in absorbing the heavy metal pollutants mercury, lead, and cadmium from water. Although aerogel is expensive, researchers are still experimenting with ways to make it stronger, cheaper and less hazardous. Additionally, aerogels could help with the push for more green technology. Carbon aerogel holds great potential for supercapacitors and fuel cells for energy-efficient automobiles. In fact, the energy storage capacity of carbon aerogel could bring about a slew of new technologies, but only if aerogels production price becomes more affordable for large scale operations. The good thing is that you dont have to be a well-funded research scientist to experiment with making new aerogels. Want to make your own aerogel? Though its possible to do this at home, its best done in a laboratory that contains all the necessary materials, including an autoclave to supercritically dry your aerogel. You can easily come up with new aerogels having different properties.
Introduction: Aerogel is a synthetic porous ultralight material derived from a gel, in which the liquid component of the gel has been replaced with a gas. The result is a solid composed of 99.98% air by volume with extremely low density and thermal conductivity. Nicknames include frozen smoke,solid smoke, solid air or blue smoke owing to its translucent nature and the way light scatters in the material; however, it feels like extruded polystyrene (Styrofoam) to the touch. Aerogel was first created by Samuel Stephens Kistler in 1931, as a result of a bet with Charles Learned over who could replace the liquid in jellies with gas without causing shrinkage. The term aerogel does not refer to a particular substance, but rather to a geometry which a substance can take onthe same way a sculpture can be made out of clay, plastic etc. Aerogels can be made of a wide variety of substances, including Silica, Most of the transition metal oxides (for example, iron oxide), Most of the lanthanide and actinide metal oxides (for example, praseodymium oxide), Several main group metal oxides (for example, tin oxide), Organic polymers (such as resorcinol-formaldehyde, phenol-formaldehyde, polyacrylates, polystyrenes, polyurethanes, and epoxies), Biological polymers (such as gelatin, pectin, and agar agar), Semiconductor nanostructures (such as cadmium selenide quantum dots), Carbon, Carbon nanotubes and Metals (such as copper and gold). Production process: Aerogels are produced by extracting the liquid component of a gel through supercritical drying. This allows the liquid to be slowly dried off without causing the solid matrix in the gel to collapse from capillary action, as would happen with conventional evaporation. The first aerogels were produced from silica gels. The first step is the creation of a colloidal suspension of solid particles known as a sol. Silica aerogel is made by the creation of colloidal silica. The process starts with a liquid alcohol such as ethanol which is mixed with a silicon alkoxide precursor. A hydrolysis reaction forms particles of silicon dioxide forming a sol solution. The oxide suspension begins to undergo condensation reactions which result in the creSONAR ECHOES 2013 | ISSUE 2 | PAGE | 33
ation of metal oxide bridges (either MOM, oxo bridges or MOHM, ol bridges) linking the dispersed colloidal particles. When this interlinking has stopped the flow of liquid within the material, this is known as a gel. These reactions generally have moderately slow reaction rates, and as a result either acidic or basic catalysts are used to improve the processing speed. Basic catalysts tend to produce more transparent aerogels with less shrinkage. The removal of the liquid from a true aerogel involves special processing. Gels where the liquid is allowed to evaporate normally are known as xerogels. As the liquid evaporates, forces caused by surface tensions of the liquid-solid interfaces are enough to destroy the fragile gel network. In 1931, to develop the first aerogels, Kistler used a process known as supercritical drying. By increasing the temperature and pressure he forced the liquid into a supercritical fluid state where by dropping the pressure he could instantly gasify and remove the liquid inside the aerogel, avoiding damage to the delicate three-dimensional network. The end result of either process removes all liquid from the gel and replaces it with gas, without allowing the gel structure to collapse. Addition of dopants during sol formation highly influences the material properties of the aerogel.
Microstructure of Aerogel: Aerogels being porous and less dense are full of vacant spaces in between their molecules when seen under metallurgical microscope. Physical properties of Aerogel: Despite their name, aerogels are solid, rigid, and dry mate
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Authored by Swanirbhar Majumder Assistant Professor Dept of ECE ,NERIST

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AEROGEL Worlds lightest material

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