#1

My Geologist Notebook

Name:________________________________

Rocks: The Solid Earth Materials Part 1

Key Vocabulary:
Classify Rock Mineral Metamorphic Sediment Layers Heat Pressure Igneous Sedimentary Saltwater Freshwater Oceans Seas Rivers Streams Lakes and ponds Glaciers Models Diagrams Maps Volcanoes Mountains Valleys Canyons Caverns Islands Weathering Erosion Deposition Landslide Volcanic eruptions Floods Earthquakes

Rocks: The Solid Earth Materials Part 1

1. A Geologist is a _________________ who studies the _______________ and the materials that make up the earths crust. 2. Rocks are the non-living ___________________________ material that make up our earth.

Minerals
3. The stuff that rocks are made of is called ___________________________. 4. Minerals are the ingredients that make up a rock. 5. Geologists can identify different rocks by studying their properties. You can determine a rocks properties by ___________________________ it. 6. ___________________________ is one of the properties geologists use to identify rocks and minerals. 7. The properties of rocks and minerals tell us what type of ___________________________ we are looking at and how they were formed. 8. Most rocks and minerals are found ___________________.

Layers of the Earth

9. If we could cut into the earth, we would see that the earth is made up of _________________layers. 10. The outer layer is called the ___________________________ and covers the entire planet 11. The crust is made of solid rock and can be many ___________________________ thick. 12. The layer just below the crust is called the mantle. 13. The mantle is very ___________________________. 14. The mantle is so hot that pretty much anything you think of would melt in an instant! 15. The center part of the earth is called the core. 16. The core has _____________parts 1. The liquid outside part 2. A solid inside part 17. In some places inside the Earth its so hot that rocks actually ___________________________.

Magma
18. Melted rocks are called ___________________________. 19. Magma that is pushed through cracks and crevices and that makes it all the way to the earths surface erupts out of volcanoes. 20. Magma that flows out of volcanoes is called ___________________________ .

Igneous Rock
21. When lava cools it becomes Basalt or Scoria. 22. Basalt or Scoria is a rock that is full of ___________________________ pockets. 23. Any rock formed from melted rock or magma is called ___________________________. 24. Igneous means made from fire

Sediment
25. Sand and mud are tiny pieces of rock known as ___________________________. 26. When tiny pieces of rock (like sand and mud) are swept by creeks and rivers into lakes and oceans, the sediment ___________________________ to the bottom, then more sediment settles ___________________________ of it making layers.

Sedimentary Rock
27. When the layers are pressed together over a long period of time, the weight of more layers of sediment hardens into another type of rock known as ___________________________.

Metamorphic
28. A third type of rock can be formed when either a ___________________________ rock or an ___________________________ rock is forced back down deep underground. There, it may be squeezed very hard by other rocks and heated to super high temperatures. When that happens the new type of rock that is formed is known as ___________________________ rock.

Weathering
29. Even something as simple as ___________________________ can change a rock. 30. ___________________________ can break down a rock in many ways Streams or rivers can wear down almost any rock after many years.

31. In the mountains, water may get into a crack in a rock and then freeze. Whenever this happens, the frozen water or ice makes the crack a little bigger. The rock finally breaks into pieces and is carried away by the water. This is called ___________________________.

32. ___________________________ are the ingredients that make up rocks. 33. Igneous means- ____________________________________________ 34. So we know that igneous rocks were made from ___________________________ or melted rock. 35. Sedimentary rock is made from layers of _________________________________. 36. ___________________________ causes rocks to become different sizes.
4

Wind, rain, streams from melted snow, glaciers, and even ice in small cracks can break big rocks into smaller rocks.