1 KatjaLiebing,JuliannaBibb,AndresAngelPortilla,MichelleMorales English1A Prof.RivasGomez 28March2014 CompositeCounterstory:TheAfricanAmericanCollegeExperience Introduction: TodaysblackcollegestudentsinAmericaexperiencedifficultiesintheeducationsystemsuch asfinancialstruggles,vulnerabilitytoprejudicestereotypes,microaggression,racism,anddetachment fromstudentsofotherraces.Thesesocietalconstructslimittheircapabilityofpursuingand demonstratingtheirfullpotential. Unfortunately,oneofthemostrecurringlimitingfactorofintegrationiscommonlydueto socioeconomicstatus(Kozol20).BecauseagreatmajorityofAfricanAmericansfallintothis category,theydonotreceivethebenefitsthatsufficientlyfundedhighschoolsoffer.Withoutproper preparationforhighereducation,theyaremorelikelytoattendmoreaffordablecommunitycollegesin ordertotakeremedialclassestotransfer(Kozol).

Thebenefitstheseschoolslackarethingslike knowledgeofsubjectmatter,resourcessuchascounselorsavailableorfinancialaid,andmost importantlytheinabilitytofitincomfortably.Sincepoorlyfundedhighschoolstendtobeconcentrated withmostlyblackstudents,theymayfindadifficulttimeadjustingtocommunitycollegewhereawide rangeofdiversestudentsattend(Kozol21). AngelaM.Locksastudentwhospecializesineducation,NicholasBowmanstudying psychology,ProfessorSylviaHurtadoandassistantprofessorLeticiaOsegueraanalyzedwhat CaucasianandAfricanAmericanstudentsexperiencedindifferentracialclimatespriortoandduring

2 college.Theyfoundthatstudentswhoexperienceddiverseracialclimateswithmanydifferentcultures hadmorefacilityinteractingwithoneanotherandacceptingtheirdifferences(Tynes,Rose,Markoe 103).Studentsoftenfeeldisconnectedfromtheirsurroundingpeersbecauseofthecoloroftheirskin, theirregionalinfluences,andtheirdiversecircumstancesconstructedbysociety(Wingert75).By promotinginteractionwithindifferentethnicgroups,studentscanfeelconnectedtooneanotherona moreemphaticlevelandgainequalsocialstatusastheirpeers.Inmakingthemfeelmoreconnected, societycanfreeAfricanAmericansoftheirlimitations. AfricanAmericanstudentsexperienceracismandstereotypingwhichresultsintheir psychologicallylimitedopportunities.Althoughthestereotypeofblackslackingatrueappreciationfor educationmayapplytoacertaindemographic,thisisnotbecauseofracebutratherbecauseoftheir conditioning.DisinterestandthediminishingvalueofeducationthatAfricanAmericansareassociated withareclaimedtohavebeencausedbypsychologicalandeducationalresultsthathavebeenattributed bytheirtreatment(Davis104).Becauseoftheirtreatmenttheycanhavealoweredperceptionoftheir intellectandbegintobelievetheirassociatedstereotypes.Thislimitstheircapabilitiesandmotivationto succeedandpursuehighereducation(Zwiebel). Inthefollowingcounternarrativeswecanfamiliarizeourknowledgeofhowraceaffects AfricanAmericanstudentsoncollegecampuses.WefollowthelivesoftheseAfricanAmerican studentswhoindividuallyreflectotherssimilarcircumstanceswhetheritbepoverty,prejudiceorracism. Theyall,however,haveonecharacteristicincommonthatdifferentiatesthemfromtheirsurrounding collegepeersthecoloroftheirskin.

3 LamarsStory: Lamarlivesinahopelesscommunitywherenothingispositive.Heissurroundedby gangbangers,drugdealers,andeverythingelseassociatedwithlivingintheprojects.Heoftenwitnesses shootings,dangeroussituationsinwhichpeoplegethurt,anddrugsusersonthestreets.Buthim?Heis different.Hiscommunitydoesnotreflectwhoheis.Hegoestoschoolandmakesanefforttodo somethingpositivewithhislife,inordertobedifferentfromthosearoundhim. LamargoestoaschoolwhereheismostlysurroundedbyHispanics.(BlackStudents) Ihatethisschool,becauseeveryonepicksonmebecauseImblack.Imean,someofmyprofessors aregreatbut,man,someofthemarecompleteshitheads!Theyjustdonthelpatallandjusttreatme different.(Booker) Heexplainshowoncehewentoutofhiswaytoaskhisteacheriftherewasanythinghecould doforextracredit. Iwenttolookformyprofessor,hopingthatshewouldgivemesomethingtoturnintoget extracredit.Iwasjustgoingtoaskheraboutthat.AllIneededwasananswer.Butno,Igotthedoor shutinmyface!Ijustwantedaresponse. Iknockedonthedoor,steppedinthedoor,andthenallIdidwasaskhermyquestion.She justscreamedatmefornoreason!Whatsupwiththat!Ididntdoanythingtoher.Iwasntevenfailing thatclass.(Johnson,Jonetta) Throughoutthatweek,Lamardecidedtogomeetwithhiscounselorandmentiontoherwhat hadhappened.Evenashetoldthecounselorwhatwasgoingon,hereceivedaratherhostileresponse. Shedidnotsupporthisclaim,andinsteadblamedhimforneedingextracredit.Sayingthatifhewere proactive,hisstudieswouldnotsuffer.AcommonperceptionisthatallAfricanAmericansarelazyin

4 regardstotheirstudies(Reyna).Whenpeopleincludingteachersandpeersallsharethisbelief,it createsanenvironmentwhereitismorechallengingforAfricanAmericanstudentstogetadegreeof anykind(Blow,Charles). Itslike,everywhereIgotheresjustmoretroublesinmyway.Igotoschoolformore opportunity,Iworkextrajobs,andtheteachersallstilltreatmeliketrash.Itrytoescapethedangersin theprojectsbutassoonasIleave,IfeellikeifIdonotbelonganywhereelse.AsifIneedtogoback wheremylifesindangercuzitstheonlyplaceIfitin,yougetme?Idontwantforpeopletoseemeas Lamarthelazyblackstudent,whenImactuallyreallytrying.Man,itsjustsofrustrating.Imtrapped inthejungleoftheghettoandtheresjustnogettingout(Park,Julie). ManyAfricanAmericansareboundbytheshacklestheirenvironmentconstructs.Society reinforcestheconceptthattheyareincapableofpursuinghighereducationalgoalsbecausetheyare lazy(Reyna).Whentryingtoseekforhelp,theyexperiencemicroaggressiveresponsesfrom importantfigureslikeprofessors.Thisoftenresultsinalowervalueoftheirselfconceptanda destructionoftheirdreamsandgoals(Bonvillain,Freeman,Honora). ElijahsStory: Elijahtriedhiswholelifetojustkeepalowprofileanddotherightthing.Healwayswantedto makehisparentsproud.Afterall,theyhadworkedhardalltheirlivestoensurehehadbetter opportunitiestofulfilhisdreams.Elijahsfatherwasasuccessfullawyerandhismotherwasarealestate agentatoneofthecitysbiggestfirms.Bothexemplifiedthathecouldbeassuccessfulasanyoneelse. However,theyalsonevertriedtodisguisehowdifficultitwouldbeforhim.HismotherJoannaoftensat downwithhimwhenhewasyoungerandexplainedtohimveryfactuallythathewouldoftenhaveto

5 workharderthanmostpeopleandprovethathewasequallyasqualifiedasthewhitepersonnextto him(Cole,2014).Hisparentsmadeaneffortnottogettooemotionalwhenaddressingthesesubjectas theydidntwantElijahtogrowashatefulorangryastheydidathisage.Itworked.Elijahgrewtobea polite,intelligent,andrespectfulyoungman.Despitealltheirefforts,heoftenthoughthewasnotsmart enoughthough(Negga,Feven,Applewhite,Livingston).Althoughhewasahardworkingstudent,it wasassumedbyhisteachersthathedidnotputenougheffortintohisstudiesbecauseofcolorthecolor ofhisskin,justashismotherpredicted(Zwiebel).SoElijahmadesurehealwaysstudiedhardandhe hadanurgetoalwaysdothebesthecould.Henevercomparedhimselftoothers.Elijahsimplywanted tobethebestversionofhimself. Howdidhegethere?Whathappened?Elijahdidntquiteunderstandormaybejustdidntwant to.Hethoughtagainabouttheeventsfromlastnight.AllhewantedtodowastoseeSarah.Afterhis lateclassatcollegehejumpedintohisnewAudi,whichhisparentshadboughthimasarewardfor excellinginhisfirstsemesteratcollege.Hewasinagoodplace.Collegewasgoingwell,hehadjust receivedaninternshipatahospitalforthesummerandhecouldnotbehappierwithhisgirlfriendSarah. Hehadreachedapeakinhislife. HewasjustthinkingaboutwhattogetSarahforherupcomingbirthdaywhenheheardthe sirensbehindhim.Hesloweddown,readytoletthepolicecarpassby,whenhenoticedtheysignaled himtopullover.Hewasabitsurprised,howeveraftersomethoughtherealizedthatasapersonof coloryouhadtobepreparedforthatkindofsituationtohappen.Hethoughttohimselfthatitalmost seemedlikedrivingwhileblackwasanoffense(Brown,Jantzi).Hehadlearnednottogetupsetabout itanymoreandtojustacceptit(Cole,2014).Hepulledover,turnedofftheignitionandrolledthe windowdown.Heheardacoupleofbangsontheroofofhisnewcar.Thentheofficerappearednext

6 tohiswindow. DriverslicenseandregistrationwasalltheofficersaidtoElijah. Goodevening,sir.Elijahhandedoverhisdocumentsandwonderedwhytheofficerseemedso hostile. Getoutofthecarsirandstepawayfromthevehicle(Nadal). Elijahhadnoexplanationastowhyhewasapproachedinsuchadisrespectfultone,butdidas hewasasked.Thatwasonethinghehadlearnedinthepasttojustfollowordersandnottoask questions. Whatareyoudoingoutthislate?Again,Elijahwassurprisedbytheofficersquestion.Being 10:30pm,itwasnotanunusualtimetobeoutdriving. ImonmytoBeverlyHillstoseemygirlfriend. TheofficerlookedupfromstudyingElijahslicense, YouhaveagirlfriendinBeverlyHills? HelookedatElijahindisbelief(Microaggressions:Power). Didshebuyyouthecar? Elijahwasstunned.DidtheofficerassumeitwasimpossibleElijahcouldaffordanicecar? However,hejustanswered,Nosir.Itwasarewardfrommyparentsformygoodgrades(Cole, Harleigh). Yeah,right(Steele,Claude,Aronson).Justwaithere.Weneedtosearchthevehicle.theofficer ordered. Elijahconsideredaskingforthereasonbehindthesearch,butbithistongueanddecidedagainst it.Hewonderedwhyitwasalwayshimandnothisfriendsbeingstoppedbythepolice(Lichtenberg).

7 Ha!Iknewit!Lookwhatwehavehere.wasthenextthingElijahheard. ThevoicewascomingfromtheotherofficersearchingElijahscar.Asheemergedfromthe vehicle,heheldasmallbaginhishand.Elijahwassurprisedandatthesametimecuriouswhatthe officerhadfound.Theofficerwalkedtowardshim,staringhimdown.Heheldthebagupinfrontof ElijahsfaceandjustsaidWegotyou!Elijahhadnoideawhathewastalkingabout.Hetookacloser lookatthebagandsawitscontent:marijuana.Howdiditgetinhiscar?Heneversmokednordid Sarahoranyonewhohadeverbeeninhiscar.Atleastnottohisknowledge(Lambdin). Youreluckyboy.Unfortunatelyitisnotenoughtoputyouinhandcuffs.Elijahfoundoutthat therewasaboutagramofmarijuanainthelittleplasticbag.Hewasveryconfusedanddidntquite understandwhatwashappening.Theofficerwaswritinghimacitation,handingitoverwithacoldstare andnofurtherexplanation.Thetwoofficerswentbacktotheircar,gotinanddroveoffasquicklyas theyhadappeared.Elijahjuststoodatthesideoftheroadforawhile.Suddenlyheshiveredandonly thenwaswhenrealizedhowcolditwas.Hegotintohiscar.Foramomentheconsideredjustdriving home,butthencontinuedontoBeverlyHills. Whattookyousolong?SarahaskedElijahaftertheykissedhello. Ohman,IhavenoideawhatjusthappenedElijahreplied,stillclearlyconfused.HetoldSarahabout howhehadnoexplanationforhowthedrugsgotintohiscar.Sarahwasequallyconfusedandfora whiletheyjustsatthere,bothdeeplyinthought. SuddenlySarahwasovercomebyastrangefeeling.Youknow,babe,inmyEnglishclass wevebeenreadingthisbookcalledSouthland(Revoyr).ItsbasedontheWattsRiotsintheearly60s andforourpresentationmeandacoupleoffriendschosetotalkaboutracismintheLAPT.Tobe honest,Ihaveafeelingthatyoumighthavegottenframed.(Knowland).

8 Elijahwasnotsureifheunderstoodhisgirlfriendcorrectly.Youmean,youthink,theyplanted theweedinmycar?heshookhisheadindisbelief(Lambdin).Butthenhereplayedtheeventinhis head.Herememberedhowhostiletheofficerwasrightfromthebeginning,thestrangeremarkshemade andhowtheywantedtosearchedhiscarfornoreason. Sarahlookedatherboyfriendwithworryonherface.Ireallydontwantthistobetrue,but howdoyouexplainitotherwise?Noneofusaresmokes.Ireadthisarticlenotlongagowherethey confirmthatracialprofilingiscommonapracticebecausetheyoftenfindthebiggestpercentageofhard drugsonAfricanAmericans(Lichtenberg).Althoughtheyonlymakeout12%ofthepopulation,the policestopsonaverage75%ofAfricanAmericans("USAQuickFacts).Ithinkthatswhatmighthave happenedtoyou.AndwhydidthatprickquestionyouabouthavingagirlfriendinBeverlyHills?Itall addsup,babe.Theyprobablyhadaslownightandneededsomethingtheycouldputintheirrecord. Elijahwasdeepinthought.Iguessthatwouldexplaintheirbehaviour.Youknow,whileIstoodthere whentheysearchedmycar,IwaswonderingwhyIgetpulledoversomuchandwhatIwasdoing wrong.(Harris) Nothing!Sarahrepliedupset.Youdidntdoanythingwrong.Theyclearlyhadsomethingagainst you.UnfortunatelytheonlyexplanationIhaveisthattheyareracist.Donteverletsomeonetellyou youredoingsomethingwrongifyourenot.Andespeciallydontletthemgiveyouthefeelingofnot deservingwhatyouveearned.Iknowyou.Youdeserveonlythebestinthisworld,Elijah. SarahandElijahtalkedtilllateatnightaboutmicroaggressionsandtheeffectstheycanhaveon someone. ElizabethsStory:

9 ElizabethwashardlymorethananinfantwhenshewasadoptedbyVincentandHarleenJones. ShewasthediscardedchildofanUgandanimmigrantandanunderageamericanwoman.Shewaseven leftwithoutanametoconnecthertoherheritage.Fromtheoutside,itwasviewedasmerecharity,but despitetheoutsidestigma,Elizabethgrewupwithlotsofloveandsupport,fromherparentsatleast. Shewasfollowedbyanarrayofdifficultiesthroughhereducation,suchthingsthateven followedherintocollege.AfterattendingonenearlyfailedyearatUniversity,shetransferredtoa communitycollegeinordertoreevaluateheroptions.Thisoptionwaspresentedtoher,andallbut forceduponherbytheconverselywhitecounsellingstaffatheroldUniversity.Andyetagain,shewas calledtobeguidedsofirmly. Theappointmentsforthestudentcounselorswerecompletelyfullthedaythatshewas scheduled.Thoughitwastheirjobtogiveeachstudentequalandthoroughattention,itwasapparent thatsomestudentswereneglectedinorderforthescheduletostayontrack.(Lynch,2014)Shewason time,alittleearlyactually.Withoutbeingbadeshewalkedinandsatdownwhenherspotwasvacated. Thecounselorwasamiddleagedwomanwithhairthatwasprobablyblondeonce,reducednowtoan ashygray.Shedidntlookup,untilElizabethclearedherthroat.Thewomanliftedhergazewithasmile, thatbecamestrainedwhenshesawwhowasbeforeher. Excuseme...dearbutmyappointmentforthishouris...shelookedathernotes....an, ElizabethJones Thatsme.Sherepliedcurtly,starringthewomandown.Thisbyfarwasnotthefirsttimeshehad beendoubtedlikethis.Clearlybecauseofherskinandhairsheshouldhavesomesortofethnicname likeLaquishaorwhathaveyou.(Buchkowski,2014)Thecounsellorhoweverhadaperfectlylogical name,MargaretSmith.

10 So,whathaveyoucomeherefor?Shefoldedherhandsuponherpapers,givingElizabeththe kindofsmileshewouldexpectfora6yearold. Mydepartmentheadtoldmetocome,sincehesuggeststhatIchangemymajor. Whatareyoupursuingcurrently? Premed. Ahyes...Iseethememohereand,whatareyouplanningtochangeitto?Mrs.Smithseemed tobelievethatshehadalreadydecided.Asifitwereobviousthatablackwomanwouldrunfromthe medicalfield.(Buchkowski,2014) Imjustherebecause Here.Thecounselorofferedhersomepapers.Heressomeinformationaboutgened programsandbusiness Excuseme,Iwasstilltalking.Elizabethcontinuednottobreakeyecontact.Choosingnotto beignored. Ahyes,ofcourse.ElizabethsworeasshesawalittlefearflashinthewomanseyesAnother thingshewasusedto.Everythingfromhernameseemingoutofplace,totheawkwardcommentsather obviouslyadoptiveparents.Shewasjustusedtoitbynow,asinfuriatingasitwas.(Keonya,2007) ImjustherebecauseIwastoldto.Istillwanttopursuemedicine,soIsupposeIdjustliketo keepmyoptionsopen. Thecounselornodded,probablynotpayingattentionassheshiftedthroughhernotes.Oneof yourteachersrecommendedyouforthecriminaljusticeprogram.Herlipswerestillpressedintoathin line.Tellme,doyouhaveacriminalrecord? Why,wouldthatkeepmefromenteringtheprogram?

11 No,but Thenhowisitrelevant? Itwasobviousthatthecounsellorwasgettingirritatednow.PleasedontinterruptmeMs. Jones.Yourebeingquitedifficult.Iamjusttryingtohelpyou.(Reyna,2008) Helpme?Shesaidwithdisbelief.Ain'tthatrich.Ididntcometoyouforhelp.Icameherebecause Iwastold. Therewasatensesilence.Elizabethwassittingattheedgeofherchair,herfistsclenched. Ithinkitstimeforyoutogo.Mynextappointmentisduetostartsoon. Elizabethleftpromptly,withoutagoodbye,andwithoutthepamphlets.Shewasclosetoboiling over,butmadesurenottoletitshowwhileshewasstillinthepubliceye.Whoknowswhattheywould think.Themostlikelybeingsomethingalongthelinesofherbeingunreasonableorungrateful.As sheleftthecounsellingbuilding,shedidherbesttoignoretheoccasionalunwelcomeglance. Abriskwalkandashortbusridebroughthertomorefamiliarandfriendlyterritory.Awoman fromtheneighborhoodgreetedandsmiledatElizabeth,askingheraboutschool.Someboysfromher highschoolgaveherasociablewave,andoneofthedogscameandbeggedherforatreat(Tines, 2012) Istillcantbelieveit,youknow?Icantbelievethatapaidprofessionalwouldactnobetter thanthekidsfrommyhighschool.Elizabethhadafriendtoconfidein.Agirlshedknownsincethe thirdgrade(Steele,1995).AsociologymajorattheUniversityElizabethhadtransferredfrom.Alright, Isupposesheworksforacommunitycollegebut,itsnotlikethatgivesheranexcuse.Jenniferwas lyingonherbed,finishingatextmessageasshewaslistening. Imdoingapaperonthat,youknow.

12 Onwhat?Middleagedwhitewomenwithbaddyejobs? No,silly,Microaggressions.Yourememberthatfromhighschool,yeah? Doyoumeanlearningaboutitorexperiencingit. Well,shesighed.IwishthelatterwerenttruebutShesatup,swingingherlegsoverthesideof thebed.Yeah.Yourexperiencesmakeitmorerelevant. Elizabethpaused,thinkingtoherself.Itsnotjustfrompeoplelikethecounseloreither.Im oftentoldthatImnotreallyblack.orthatImreallypretty,forablackgirl,(Nigatu,2013) Jennifernodded.Thosearetextbookexamples.Shegrabbedherbackpackfromthefloor, pullingoutafolderandbeginningtolookthroughherpapers. Youdthink,thatsinceeverythingelseaboutmeiswhiteitwouldbeeasierforme. But,Lizzie,areyoureallyhappywiththat? Hm? Imean,youbasicallyarehavingtoeraseyourownethnicity,justtogetaroundinsociety.(Cultural Identity,2013) But,Imnotreally.EvenifItalkandactwhiteImstilltreatedlikesomesortofcriminal,nomatter whereIgo. Thatsnottrue.Youbelonghere.Mrs.Brownnextdoorisalwaysaskingaboutyou,andeveryone wassoproudwhenyouwerevaledictorian. Yeah,buttheyveknownmeforever.Imapartofthecommunityhere.Anywhereelse,theyjust baseitoffoftheirownassumptions. Idontthinkyoucansaythat SureIcan.Itwaslikethisinhighschool,universityandnowthisshitholecommunitycollege.The

13 realityisthatmicroaggressionsareaconstantpresenceinthelivesofAfricanAmericans.Without properrepresentationthemedia,oreveninschoolcurriculumstereotypesandfearspreadrampantly. Conclusion: Thoughthesecounterstoriesarefictionalcreations,theyarebasedonresearchedinformation.

Lamar,Elijah,andElizabetheachpertaintodifferentsocialcircumstancesbut,theyhaveonefactorin commonthecoloroftheirskin.Becauseofthedifferingaspectsoftheirlives,theyprojectsituations thatalargevarietyofAfricanAmericansexperiencingthesestrugglesgothroughdespitetheir socioeconomicstatusandsurroundings.TheyspeakonbehalfofAfricanAmericanswhohave experiencedstrugglesincollegecampusesbecauseofcircumstancesintheirlivestheyhavenocontrol overlikemicroaggression,racism,andstereotypingwhichresulttoanotherbarrierdetachment.These counterstoriesserveonepurposetoshedlightonthecorruptedshadowsthatlimitAfricanAmericans inhavingequaleducationalopportunitiesandexperiencesotherracesdo.

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