U.S.

History Final Study Guide

Andrew Carnegie: Became a multimillionaire off of steel which he sold to the automobile industry

John Rockefeller: Multimillionaire of Oil which helped the auto industry as well

Reconstruction: Period after the Civil War where the South was rebuilt but racial inequality continued

Immigration: Millions came to America in the 1800s most experience hostility from native born Americans

Harriet Beecher Stowe: Connecticut house wife who wrote Uncle Toms Cabin which convince many to become abolitionists

3 Branches of Government: Judicial, Legislative, Executive all can impact laws in different ways.

Uncle Tom's Cabin: Fiction book which convinced many to become abolitionists.

15th Amendment: Gave African Americans the right to vote.

Responsibilities of Citizens: Jury Duty, Voting, Follow Laws, Pay Taxes, Community Service, Selective Service

Ulysses's S Grant: Union General that led them to victory against the Confederate Army in the Civil War.

Kansas Nebraska Act: led to violence over slavery in in Kansas.

Mississippi River: Provided a way for goods to travel to markets in the 1800s.

Oregon: claimed by Great Britain and the U.S. before 1846. The U.S. gained it in a treaty with Great Britain.

Cotton Gin: Invention that made cotton more profitable by removing the seeds more quickly.

Bison Slaughter: As Americans moved west they killed of the Bison in the Great Plains this made the Native Americans very angry
because they relied on them for food, shelter, and clothing.

Role of Women Mid 1800s: Women began to participate in reform movements in the late 1800s and demanding more rights.

Native Americans: value and appreciate nature, the spirit world, and family.

Iroquois: a confederation of woodland tribes from New York the first to form a government they trapped fur and traded.

President Lincoln: great leader wanted to heal the nation with fairness and kindness to the Southern States after the Civil War.

John Brown: thought slavery was unjust fought against it with violence.

Nat Turner: thought slavery was unjust fought against it with violence.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton: Famous womens rights activist in the 1800s. She wanted equal rights for women.

Jacksonian Democracy: The key idea was that people should have the power to create public policy.

Transcontinental Railroad: Great technological invention of the 1800s changes lives by connected people.

Monroe Doctrine: create by the U.S. so that they could limit European involvement in the Western Hemisphere.

Economic Function of the US Government: the U.S. government tries to promote competition in a market economy.

Louisiana Purchase: Gives the U.S. control of the Mississippi River and doubles size of U.S.

Gibbons v Ogden: Supreme court case that said that U.S. Federal Government controls interstate commerce on the rivers.

U.S. History Final Study Guide
Compromise of 1850: Ends the slave trade in the District of Columbia.

State Governments: According the constitution state governments have the power to run schools, conduct elections, collect taxes

Executive Branch: Enforces laws, also can veto laws.

Articles of Confederation: first government it was too weak, no taxes, no army.

National Government: Prints Money, interstate commerce, foreign trade, declares war etc

Federalists: believed that the national government should have most of the power.

Democratic Republicans: believed in states rights, that states should have more power than the National Government.

Federalist Papers: provided arguments for the ratification of the US Constitution by outlining reasons for the new government.

Rights of Citizenship: Free Speech, The Press, Assemble, Fair Trial, Jury of Your Peers etc..

Separation of Powers: we have 3 branches of government so that one branch does not become too powerful.

Election of 1800: there was a tie between 2 presidential candidates.

Federal System: our founding fathers created the founding system to share power between the federal and state governments.

Federal Government Power: Political parties were formed in the late 1700s to decide how powerful the federal government should
be.

James Madison: helped write the constitution.

Differences between the North and the South: The South was agricultural while the north had cities and industry.

Representative Democracy: citizens can influence government by voting and working on political campaigns.

13 Colonies: where the first colonists came to America along the Atlantic Ocean.

Market Economy: the US has a market economy which encourages competition among businesses

Revolutionary War Outcomes: This begins our country and starts the formation of states.

Desert Climate: dry, little rainfall, hot during the day, cold at night.

The Constitution: Established the US as a federal republic in 1787.

Declaration of Independence: stated that all men have the rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

French Colonization: the French came to America for Fur Trading.

Revolutionary War Causes: The Patriots were mad about taxes and laws made by the British without representation.

Clearing Forests: American settlers changed the environment by doing this.

State Ratifying Conventions: the purpose was to ratify the constitution and establish the US as a federal republic.

Competition in a Market Economy: competition keeps prices low for consumers.

Boston Tea Party: Protest over a tax on tea by the Patriots some wish they would have actually sunk the ships in the harbor.

U.S. History Final Study Guide
British Colonies in the Early 1800s: the first settlers fought with the Native Americans, faced starvation, and disease.

Erie Canal: connects the Atlantic Ocean and the Great Lakes, increased and improved trade.

Rocky Mountains: made it difficult and dangerous to settle the west.

Erosion: when sediment is worn away by wind or water.

Taxes in the Colonies: a big question that led to the Revolutionary war was who has the right to levy taxes in the colonies?

Patriot Reaction to British Rule: After the French and Indian war the Patriot resented the rule of the British and resisted it.

Iroquois Indians: a confederation of woodland tribes that traded furs and formed an organized government.

Susan B Anthony: Fought to help women win the right to vote.

13th Amendment: Freed the Slaves permanently

14th Amendment: Made African Americans US citizens and guaranteed their rights.

Vicksburg: Important Union victory in the Civil War the South lost an important port and rail depot.

Dred Scott: Supreme Court case that declared that he was slave which outraged people living in free states.

Thomas Paine: wrote Common Sense which convinced many to become patriots.

Articles of Confederation: was too weak it was replaced by The Constitution which gives the U.S. more power.

Virginia Declaration of Rights: established the idea of popular sovereignty or power to the common people.

Foreign Trade: is regulated and established by the Federal Government.

Federalists Antifederalists: agreed to form a strong central government while giving the States certain powers in the 1700s.

Taxes: fund government programs for the people including roads, schools, national defense etc.

State Constitutions: were created but all the states agreed to follow the US national constitution in the 1700s.

Conventions: The state conventions in the late 1700s approved a strong central government while reserving certain powers to the
states.

Industrial Revolution: added many new jobs to the workforce in the 1800s.