China-Africa Relations A Bibliography

CHINA-AFRICA RELATIONS: A BIBLIOGRAPHY
By David H. Shinn
Adjunct Professor, Elliott School of International Affairs
George Washington University
There are fifty-three (fifty-four if you include the disputed Western Sahara)
countries on the African continent, islands in the Atlantic, and islands in the
Indian Ocean. This bibliography encompasses material on countries in both
Sub-Saharan and North Africa. As a result, some citations focus on the Middle
East as they include information on Egypt and/or North Africa. The
bibliography covers all aspects of the China-Africa relationship. It is not
restricted to trade, aid, investment, and political ties that constitute so much of
the writing on this subject in recent years. A special effort has been made to
include older material.
With rare exceptions, the citations are limited to English and French,
although some of the material has been translated into English from other
languages, especially Chinese. A few of the entries discuss China’s relations
with Africa generally or individual African countries during the period that
predates the establishment in 1949 of the People’s Republic of China. The vast
majority deal with PRC-Africa relations after 1949. Many of the most recent
citations come from sources that are only available on-line. As this material
on the web occasionally moves around or even disappears, I have included
an access date for each web citation. Authors from the People’s Republic of
China and Ethiopia appear with family name first as is the custom in those
countries. All other names have been alphabetized by surname, followed by
the given name.
I compiled this bibliography in connection with research for a book that
Joshua Eisenman and I are writing on China-Africa relations. The book will
be published by the University of Pennsylvania Press.
The bibliography contains material noted up to March 2009. ARD intends to
publish supplements as the literature on China and Africa continues to
burgeon.
Abegunrin, Layi. (1983-1984) “Soviet and Chinese Military Involvement in

Southern Africa,” Current Bibliography in African Affairs, 16 (3), pp. 195-206.
Adie, W.A.C. (1962) “China, Russia, and the Third World,” China Quarterly,
no. 11 (July-September), pp. 200-213.
__________. (1964) “China and Africa Today,” Race and Class, 5 (4), pp. 3-25.
African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008 3

__________. (1964) “Chou En-lai on Safari,” China Quarterly, no. 18 (April-
June), pp. 174-194.
__________. (1970-1971) “The Communist Powers in Africa,” Conflict Studies,
no. 10 (December-January), pp. 1-20.
__________. (1972) “China Returns to Africa,” Current Scene, 10 (8), pp. 1-12.
__________. (1973) “China’s West Asian Strategies,” in China and the World
Community by Ian Wilson (ed.). Sydney: Angus and Robertson, pp. 179-199.
African Forum and Network on Debt and Development. (2008) Mapping
Chinese Development Assistance in Africa: A Synthesis Analysis of Angola,
Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Harare, Zimbabwe: AFRODAD. See at
www.afrodad.org/downloads/publications/China%20in%20Africa%20Draft
.pdf. Accessed 5 October 2008.
African Union Commission. (2006) “Meeting of the Task Force on Africa’s
Strategic Partnership with Emerging Powers: China, India and Brazil,” Report
of 11-13 September meeting.
Ahmed, Gaffar K. (2005) “China Relations with the Middle East and North
Africa,” International Review (Shanghai), (autumn). See at www.siis-org-
cn/Sh_Yj_Cms/Mgz/2008724233116XBG4.pdf. Accessed 30 December 2008.
Ai Ching-Chu. (1964) “China’s Economic and Technical Aid to Other
Countries,” Peking Review, 7 (34), pp. 14-18.
Aicardi de Saint-Paul, Marc. (2004) “La Chine et l’Afrique,” Mondes et Cultures,
1 (4), pp. 342-355.
__________. (2004) “La Chine et l’Afrique – Entre Engagement et Intérêt,”
Géopolitique Africaine. See at www.afriquechine.com/2004/la-chine-et-
l’afrique-entre-engagement-et-interet.html. Accessed 4 June 2008.
Ajakaiye, Olu. (2006) “China and Africa – Opportunities and Challenges,”
presentation before African Union Task Force on Strategic Partnership
between Africa and the Emerging Countries of the South (11-13 September).
See at
www.aercafrica.org/documents/china_africa_relations/Opportunities_and_
Challenges%20_Olu.pdf. Accessed 13 January 2009.
Akindele, R.A. (1985) “Africa and the Great Powers, with Particular Reference
to the United States, the Soviet Union and China,” Afrika Spectrum, 20 (2), pp.
125-151.
Akurang-Parry, Kwabena O. (2001) “‘We Cast About for a Remedy’: Chinese
Labor and African Opposition in the Gold Coast, 1874-1914,” International
Journal of African Historical Studies, 34 (2), pp. 365-384.
4 African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008

Albright, David Edward. (1975) “The Soviet Union, Communist China, and
Ghana, 1955-1966.” PhD diss., Columbia University.
Alden, Chris. (2001) “Solving South Africa’s Chinese Puzzle: Democratic
Foreign Policy-Making and the ‘Two Chinas’ Question,” in South Africa’s
Foreign Policy: Dilemmas of a New Democracy by Jim Broderick, Gary Burford,
and Gordon Freer (eds.). Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave.
__________. (2005) “China in Africa,” Survival, 47 (3), pp. 147-163.
__________. (2005) “Red Star, Black Gold,” Review of African Political Economy,
32 (104/5), pp. 415-419.
__________. (2006) “China and Africa: Special Report,” CLSA Asia-Pacific
Markets (September), pp. 1-27.
__________. (2007) China in Africa. London: Zed Books.
__________. (2007) “Emerging Countries as New ODA Players in LDCs: The
Case of China and Africa,” Institut du Développement Durable et des
Relations Internationales, Gouvernance Mondiale paper no.1, pp. 1-14. See at
www.iddri.org. Accessed 15 December 2008.
__________. (2008) “South Africa and China: Forging Africa’s Strategic
Partnership,” China Brief, 8 (13), pp. 9-11.
__________ and Ana Cristina Alves. (2008) “History and Identity in the
Construction of China’s Africa Policy,” Review of African Political Economy, 35
(115), pp. 43-58.
__________ and Garth Shelton. (1999) “Camarades, Parias et Homme
d’Affaires: Mise en Perspective des Relations entre l’Afrique du Sud et la
Chine,” Politique Africaine, no 76 (December), pp. 18-29.
__________ and Martyn Davies. (2006) “Chinese Multinational Corporations
in Africa,” unpublished paper presented at China-Africa workshop in Hong
Kong on 11-12 November, pp. 1-11. See at www.cctr.ust.hk/china-
africa/papers/Chris_Alden_Chinese_Multinational_Corporations.pdf.
Accessed 13 April 2008.
__________. (2006) “A Profile of the Operations of Chinese Multinationals in
Africa,” South African Journal of International Affairs, 13 (1), pp. 83-96.
__________, Daniel Large, and Ricardo Soares de Oliveira (eds.). (2008) China
Returns to Africa: A Rising Power and a Continent Embrace. London: Hurst.
Alemayehu Geda. (2006) “The Impact of China and India on Africa: Trade, FDI
and the African Manufacturing Sector Issues and Challenges,” African
Economic Research Consortium, paper no. ADWP-03 (September), pp. 1-15.
See at www.aercafrica.org/publications/item.asp?itemid=337. Accessed 24
March 2008.

__________ and Atnafu G. Meskel. (2008) “China and India’s Growth Surge: Is
It a Curse or Blessing for Africa? The Case of Manufactured Exports,” African
Development Review, 20 (2), pp. 247-272.
Ali, Ali Abdalla. (2006) The Sudanese-Chinese Relations before and after Oil.
Khartoum: National Centre for Scientific Research.
Allen, Kenneth. (2005) “China’s Foreign Military Relations: 2003-2004,”
Chinese Military Update, 2 (5), pp. 3-7.
__________ and Eric A. McVadon. (1999) China’s Foreign Military Relations.
The Henry L. Stimson Center. See at
www.stimson.org/china/pdf/chinmil.pdf. Accessed 11 April 2008.
Aluko, Olajide (ed.). (1977) The Foreign Policies of African States. London:
Hodder and Stoughton.
Alves, Ana Cristina. (2006) “Emerging Postcolonial Solidarities: China’s New
Economic Diplomacy towards Subsaharan Africa,” unpublished paper
presented to the 16th Biennial Conference of the Asian Studies Association of
Australia on 26-29 June. See at
http://coombs.anu.edu.au/SpecialProj/ASAA/biennial-
conference/2006/Alves-Ana-Cristina-ASAA2006.pdf. Accessed 26 September
2008.
__________. (2008) “China’s Lusophone Connection,” Report no. 2, South
African Institute of International Affairs. See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/chap/chap_rep_02_alves_200803.p
df. Accessed 26 September 2008.
Alves, Philip. (2006) Engaging Asia’s Biggest Tiger: Exploring the Contours of
a SACU-China Trade Deal. South African Institute of International Affairs
Trade Policy Report No. 14, pp. 1- 55. See at
http://saiia.org.za/images/upload/TPR_14.pdf. Accessed 12 March 2009.
Amnesty International. (2006) “People’s Republic of China: Sustaining
Conflict and Human Rights Abuses. The Flow of Arms Accelerates.” See at
www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ASA17/030/2006/en/roozfI-zFwI.
Accessed 29 March 2008.
__________. (2006) “Sudan/China: Appeal by Amnesty International to the
Chinese Government on the Occasion of the China-Africa Summit for
Development and Cooperation,” (1 November). See at
www.amnesty.org/en/report/info/AFR54/072/2006. Accessed 11 April
2008.
__________. (2007) “Sudan: Arms Continuing To Fuel Serious Human Rights
Violations in Darfur,” (8 May). See at
www.amnesty.org/en/report/info/AFR54/019/2007. Accessed 11 April
2008.

Amosu, Akwe. (2007) “China in Africa: It’s (Still) the Governance, Stupid.”
Foreign Policy in Focus, 9 March Discussion Paper. See at
www.fpif.org/fpiftxt/4068. Accessed 21 March 2008.
Ampiah, Kweku. (2007) “Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon? China and Africa:
Engaging the World’s Next Superpower,” concept paper for conference
hosted by the Centre for Conflict Resolution in Cape Town, South Africa,
pp. 1-10. See at
www.ccr.uct.ac.za/fileadmin/template/ccr/concept_papers/china_africa_se
p2007.pdf. Accessed 26 March 2008.
__________ and Sanusha Naidu (eds.). (2008) Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon?
Africa and China. Scottsville, South Africa: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press.
An Yanjun and Zhang Yue. (2006) “An Inventory of Current China-African
Relations,” International Strategic Studies (Beijing), 4 (82), pp. 54-60.
An Yongyu. (2002) “China-Africa Political and Economic Cooperation:
Retrospect and Prospect,” Foreign Affairs Journal, no. 66 (December), pp. 7-22.
__________. (2007) “Common Effort Should Be Made for Africa,” unpublished
paper delivered 13 March in Beijing at Third Dialogue on US-China Relations
in a Global Context sponsored by China Institute of International Affairs and
George Washington University.
Ancharaz, Vinaye Dey. (2008) “David V. Goliath: Mauritius Facing Up to
China,” report prepared for the African Economic Research Consortium
(January). See at
www.aercafrica.org/documents/china_africa_relations/Mauritius.pdf.
Accessed 13 January 2009.
Aning, Kwesi and Delphine Lecoutre. (2008) “China’s Ventures in Africa,”
African Security Review, 17 (1), pp. 39-50.
Anonymous. (1964) “China, the Arab World and Africa: A Factual Survey
1959-1964,” special China issue of The Mizan Newsletter, 6 (5), pp. 1-56.
__________. (1974) “At Banquet Welcoming President Boumediene and Joint
Communique,” Peking Review, 17 (10), pp. 6-11.
Anti-Taylor, William. (1964) “China through African Eyes,” Race and Class, 5
(4), pp. 48-51,
Anyu, J. Ndumbe and J.-P. Afam Ifedi. (2008) “China’s Ventures in Africa:
Patterns, Prospects, and Implications for Africa’s Development,”
Mediterranean Quarterly, 19 (4), pp. 91-110.
Arbab, Farah. (2007) “China-Africa Interaction: Prospects for a Strategic
Partnership,” Strategic Studies, vol. 27, no. 3. See at
www.issi.org.pk/journal/2007_files/no_3/article/a4.htm. Accessed 26
February 2009.

Armstrong, J.D. (1977) Revolutionary Diplomacy: Chinese Foreign Policy and the
United Front Doctrine. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Asche, Helmut. (2008) “Contours of China’s ‘Africa Mode’ and Who May
Benefit,” China Aktuell, no. 3, pp. 165-180.
Askouri, Ali. (2006) “China’s Investment in Sudan: Destroying Communities,”
Pambazuka News, (14 December), pp. 4-9. See at
www.pambazuka.org/en/category/comment/38848. Accessed 6 February
2008.
Attwood, William. (1967) The Reds and the Blacks. New York: Harper and Row.
Austin, Angelica, Danila Bochkarev, and Willem van der Geest. (2008) Energy
Interests and Alliances: China, America and Africa. Policy Paper no. 7 (August),
EastWest Institute.
Ayittey, George B.N. (1992) “Africa in the Postcommunist World,” Problems of
Communism, 41 (1-2), pp. 207-217.
Azikiwe, Emeka Ayo. (1966) “Chinese Communism in Africa,” SAIS Review
(spring), pp. 18-24.
Bailey, Martin. (1975) “Tanzania and China,” African Affairs, 74 (294), pp. 39-
50.
__________. (1976) Freedom Railway: China and the Tanzania-Zambia Link.
London: Rex Collings.
Bajpaee, Chietigj. (2005) “Sino-U.S. Energy Competition in Africa,” Power and
Interest News Report (7 October). See at
www.pinr.com/report.php?ac=view_report&report_id=378&language_id=1.
Bamou, Ernest and Adeola Adenikinju. (2006) “Evaluating Asian Drivers
Impacts on Sub-Saharan Africa Oil and Gas Industries: A Methodological
Framework,” unpublished paper presented to a conference hosted by the
African Economic Research Consortium in Addis Ababa on 9-10 October, pp.
1-26.
Bang Quan Zheng. (2006) “A Rising China: Catalysts for Chinese Military
Modernization” in China’s ‘Peaceful Rise’ in the 21st Century by Sujian Guo (ed.).
Aldershot, UK: Ashgate, pp. 183-209.
Bark, Dennis L. (ed.). (1988) The Red Orchestra: The Case of Africa. Stanford, CA:
Hoover Institution Press.
Barnouin, Barbara and Yu Changgen. (1998) Chinese Foreign Policy During the
Cultural Revolution. London: Kegan Paul International.

Barrows, Walter L. (2007) “China’s New Activism in Africa,” Defense
Intelligence Journal, 16 (2), pp. 9-27.
Bartke, Wolfgang. (1975) China’s Economic Aid. London: Hurst.
__________. (1992) The Agreements of the People’s Republic of China with Foreign
Countries 1949-1990. Munich: K.G. Saur.
Behar, Richard. (2008) “Special Report Imbalance of Power: China Africa,” Fast
Company (June), pp. 100-123.
Behbehani, Hashim S.H. (1981) China’s Foreign Policy in the Arab World.
London: KPI Ltd.
Bello, Walden. (2007) “China Eyes Africa: The New Imperialism?”
Multinational Monitor, 26 (1), pp. 23-26.
__________. (2007) “China Provokes Debate in Africa,” Foreign Policy in Focus
(9 March). See at www.fpif.org/fpiftxt/4065. Accessed 13 December 2008.
Ben-Dak, Joseph D. (1970) “China in the Arab World,” Current History, 59
(349), pp. 147-152, 174.
Benite, Zvi Ben-Dor. (2008) “‘Nine Years in Egypt:’ Al-Azhar University and
the Arabization of Chinese Islam,” HAGAR: Studies in Cultures, Polity and
Identities, 8 (1), pp. 105-128.
Berger, Bernt. (2006) “China’s Engagement in Africa: Can the EU Sit Back?”
South African Journal of International Affairs, 13 (1), pp. 115-127.
__________ and Uwe Wissenbach. (2007) “EU-China-Africa Trilateral
Development Cooperation: Common Challenges and New Directions,”
German Development Institute Discussion Paper 21, pp. 1-27. See at
www.die-di.de/die_homepage.nsf/FSepub?OpenFrameset. Accessed 23
March 2008.
Bergsten, C. Fred, Charles Freeman, Nicholas R. Lardy, and Derek J. Mitchell.
(2008) China’s Rise: Challenges and Opportunities. Washington: Peterson
Institute for International Economics.
Beri, Ruchita. (2007) “China’s Rising Profile in Africa,” China Report, 43 (3),
pp. 297-308.
Bermingham, Jack and Edwin G. Clausen. (1981) “Revolution and Foreign
Policy: Sino-African Relations 1949-1976,” Munger Africana Library Notes, issue
59/60, pp. 1-40.
Bertoncello, Brigitte and Sylvie Bredeloup. (2007) “The Emergence of New
African ‘Trading Posts’ in Hong Kong and Guangzhou,” China Perspectives, no.
2007/1, pp. 94-105.

Besada, Hany, Yang Wang and John Whalley. (2008) “China’s Growing
Economic Presence in Africa,” Policy Brief, The Centre for International
Governance Innovation, no. 6 (October), pp. 1-6.
Bischof, Henrik. (1970) “China and Russia Clash in Africa,” Afrika-Heute
(translated from German), 1 October, pp. 285-288. JPRS Translations on Africa,
145 (51837) no. 967, pp. 1-9.
Bitzinger, Richard A. (1992) “Arms to Go: Chinese Arms Sales to the Third
World,” International Security, 17 (2), pp. 84-111.
Blake, Alex. (1967) “Peking’s African Adventures,” Current Scene, 5 (15),
pp. 1-9.
Bodomo, Adams. (2009) “The African Presence in Contemporary China,” The
China Monitor (January), pp. 4-6.
Booyse, Wim J. (1988) “The People’s Republic of China’s Role in Africa 1955-
1988,” Southern African Freedom Review, 1 (4), pp. 20-28.
Bosshard, Peter. (2006) “Export Credit Agencies and Environmental
Standards: An Invitation to Join the Dialogue,” paper prepared by policy
director of International Rivers Network (December), pp. 1-6. See at
www.internationalrivers.org/en/node/1265. Accessed 31 May 2008.
__________. (2007) “China’s Role in Financing African Infrastructure,”
International Rivers Network (May). See at
http://internationalrivers.org/files/ChinaEximBankAfrica.pdf. Accessed 21
March 2008.
__________. (2008) “China’s Environmental Footprint in Africa,” SAIIA China
in Africa Policy Briefing, no. 3 (April), pp. 1-12. See at
www.internationalrivers.org/files/SAIIA%20policy%20briefing%20508.pdf.
Accessed 30 May 2008.
Boungou Bazika, Jean-Christophe. (2008) “Les Relations Économiques de la
Chine avec la République du Congo,” report prepared for the African
Economic Research Consortium (February). See at
www.aercafrica.org/documents/china_africa_relations/Congo.pdf.
Braeckman, Colette. (2008) “Manoeuvres Spéculatives dans an Katanga en
Reconstruction,” Le Monde Diplomatique (July), pp. 12-13.
Brandtzæg, Bjørn, He Wenping, Chibuzo Nwoke, Anna Eriksson, and Osita
Agbu. (2008) “Common Cause Different Approaches: China and Norway in
Nigeria,” Research Report 2008-014, pp. 1-49. See at
http://eitransparency.org/files/publication_file/RR-2008-
014%20BJB%20Common%20cause%20different%20approaches.pdf. Accessed
4 May 2008.

Bräutigam, Deborah. (1998) Chinese Aid and African Development: Exporting
Green Revolution. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
__________. (2003) “Close Encounters: Chinese Business Networks as
Industrial Catalysts in Sub-Saharan Africa,” African Affairs, 102 (408),
pp. 447-467.
__________. (2007) “‘Flying Geese’ or ‘Hidden Dragon’? Chinese Business and
African Industrial Development,” presentation at UCLA workshop, April 27,
pp. 1-4. See at www.globalization-africa.org/papers/79.pdf. Accessed 18
April 2008.
__________. (2008) China’s African Aid: Transatlantic Challenges. Washington,
DC: German Marshall Fund of the United States, pp. 1-32. See at
www.gmfus.org/publications/article.cfm?parent_type=P&id=406. Accessed
25 April 2008.
__________ and Adama Gaye. (2007) “Is Chinese Investment Good for
Africa?” Council on Foreign Relations online debate (February 20). See at
www.cfr.org/publication/12622/is_chinese_investment_good_for_africa.ht
ml. Accessed 22 March 2008.
Brea, Jennifer. (2008) “Lessons Learned from China in Africa,” Ebony, 63 (3),
pp. 68-71.
Bredeloup, Sylvie and Brigitte Bertoncello. (2006) “La Migration Chinoise en
Afrique: Accélérateur du Développement ou ‘Sanglot de l’Homme Noir’?”
Afrique Contemporaine, no. 218 (2), pp. 199-224.
Brenthurst Foundation. (2006) “Africa-China-US Dialogue: Report of the First
Meeting of the Trilateral Dialogue,” Brenthurst Discussion Papers, no. 6,
pp. 1-10. See at
www.thebrenthurstfoundation.org/Files/Brenthurst_Commissioned_Report
s/BD0606_AfUsCh.pdf. Accessed 21 March 2008.
__________. (2007) “Competition or Partnership? China, United States and
Africa – An African View,” Brenthurst Discussion Papers, no. 2, pp. 1-5. See at
s/BD0702_China_US_Africa.pdf. Accessed 21 March 2008.
__________. (2007) Africa-China-U.S. Trilateral Dialogue: Summary Report.
Breslin, Shaun and Ian Taylor. (2008) “Explaining the Rise of ‘Human Rights’
in Analyses of Sino-African Relations,” Review of African Political Economy, 35
(115), pp. 59-71.
Brewer, Nicole. (2008) “The New Great Walls: A Guide to China’s Overseas
Dam Industry.” International Rivers (July). See at
www.internationalrivers.org/files/New%20Great%20Walls%20low%20res.pdf.
Accessed 11 November 2008.

Brink, Gustav. (2006) “The Memorandum of Understanding and Quotas on
Clothing and Textile Imports from China: Who Wins?” TRALAC Working
Paper, no. 17 (October), pp. 1-30. See at
www.tralac.org/pdf/20061024_Brink_SouthAfrica-Chinaclothing_quotas.pdf.
Broadbent, Kieran. (1970) “Chinese Aid and Trade in African Countries,”
Contemporary Review, 216 (1248), pp. 19-22.
Broadman, Harry G. (2007) Africa’s Silk Road: China and India’s New Economic
Frontier. Washington: The World Bank.
__________. (2008) “China and India Go to Africa: New Deals in the
Developing World,” Foreign Affairs, 87 (2), pp. 95-109.
Brookes, Peter. (2006) “The Global Dragon—China’s New Strategy: Making
Friends, Creating Enemies,” Armed Forces Journal (July), pp. 32-35 & 49.
__________. (2007) “Into Africa: China’s Grab for Influence and Oil,” Heritage
Foundation Lecture (9 February). See at
www.heritage.org/Research/Africa/hl1006.cfm. Accessed 22 March 2008.
__________ and Ji Hye Shin. (2006) “China’s Influence in Africa: Implications
for the United States,” Heritage Foundation Backgrounder, no. 1916 (February
22), pp. 1-9. See at
www.heritage.org/Research/AsiaandthePacific/bg1916.cfm. Accessed 25
March 2008.
Brook-Shepherd, Gordon. (1962) “Red Rivalry in the Black Continent,” The
Reporter, 26 (2), pp. 23-25.
Bruce, Guenther. (2008) “The Asian Drivers and the Resource Curse in Sub-
Saharan Africa: The Potential Impacts of Rising Commodity Prices for Conflict
and Governance in the DRC,” European Journal of Development Research, 20 (2),
pp. 347-363.
Brunson, James. (1985) “African Presence in Early China,” Journal of African
Civilizations, 7 (1), pp. 120-137.
Buckens, Marie-Martine. (2007) “EU-Africa-China, A New Triangular
Relationship?” The Courier, no. 3 (November/December). See at www.acp-
eucourier.info/EU-Africa-China-a-ne.174.0.html.
Bukarambe, Bukar. (2002) “Nigeria-China Relations: The Unacknowledged
Sino-Dynamics,” African Journal of International Affairs and Development, 7 (2),
pp. 27-49.
Burke, Christopher. (2007) “China’s Entry into Construction Industries in
Africa: Tanzania and Zambia as Case Studies,” China Report, 43 (3),
pp. 323-336.

__________, Sanusha Naidu and Arno Nepgen. (2008) “Scoping Study on
China’s Relations with South Africa,” report prepared for the African
Economic Research Consortium (January). See at
www.aercafrica.org/documents/china_africa_relations/SouthAfrica.pdf.
Burrack, Dieter. (1972) “Peking’s Influence in Black Africa,” Aussenpolitik
(English edition), 23 (2), pp. 216-224.
Butler, Tina. (2005) “Growing Pains and Growing Alliances: China, Timber
and Africa,” African Renaissance, 2 (4), pp. 42-46.
Byman, Daniel L. and Roger Cliff. (1999) China’s Arms Sales: Motivations and
Implications. Santa Monica CA: RAND.
Cabestan, Jean-Pierre. (2006) “Relations between France and China: Towards
a Paris-Beijing Axis?” China: An International Journal, 4 (2), pp. 327-340.
Camilleri, Joseph. (1980) Chinese Foreign Policy: The Maoist Era and its Aftermath.
Seattle: University of Washington Press.
Campbell, Horace. (2008) “China in Africa: Challenging US Global
Hegemony,” Third World Quarterly, 29 (1), pp. 89-105.
Campos, Indira and Alex Vines. (2008) “Angola and China: A Pragmatic
Partnership,” working paper presented at Center for Strategic and
International Studies Conference on 5 December 2007, pp. 1-26. See at
www.chathamhouse.org.uk/publications/papers/view/-/id/603/.
Canby, Kerstin, James Hewitt, Luke Bailey, Eugenia Katsigris, and Sun
Xiufang. (2008) “Forest Products Trade between China and Africa: An
Analysis of Imports and Exports,” Forest Trends report (February), pp. 1-36.
See at www.forest-trends.org/documents/publications/ChinaAfricaTrade.pdf.
Carey, Kevin, Sanjeev Gupta, and Ulrich Jacoby. (2007) Sub-Saharan Africa:
Forging New Trade Links with Asia. Washington, DC: International Monetary
Fund, pp. 1-55.
Carmody, Pádraig R. and Francis Y. Owusu. (2007) “Competing Hegemons?
Chinese versus American Geo-economic Strategies in Africa,” Political
Geography, 26 (5), pp. 504-524.
Castellani, Luca, Pang Zhongying, and Ian Taylor (eds.). (2007) China outside
China: China in Africa. Torino, Italy: Centro di Alti Studi Sulla Cina
Contemporanea.

Centre for Chinese Studies. Stellenbosch University. (2006) “China’s Interest
and Activity in Africa’s Construction and Infrastructure Sectors,” study
prepared for DFID China, pp. 1-110. See at
www.dfid.gov.uk/pubs/files/Chinese-investment-africa-full.pdf. Accessed
26 March 2008.
__________. (2007) “China’s Engagement of Africa: Preliminary Scoping of
African Case Studies Angola, Ethiopia, Gabon, Uganda, South Africa,
Zambia,” study prepared for the Rockefeller Foundation, pp. 1-208. See at
www.ccs.org.za/research.html. Accessed 1 April 2008.
__________ and The Development Bank of Southern Africa. (2008) “China As
a Driver of Regional Integration in Africa: Prospects for the Future,” 31 March
– 1 April Conference Report. See at
www.ccs.org.za/downloads/DBSA%20Conference%20Report.pdf. Accessed
13 February 2009.
Chai, Winberg (ed). (1972) The Foreign Relations of the People’s Republic of China.
New York: Capricorn Books.
Chakravarti, Raghubir. (1964) “Chou En-Lai in Africa,” Foreign Affairs Reports
(March), pp. 33-36.
Chaliand, Gérard. (1982) The Struggle for Africa: Conflict of the Great Powers.
New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Chan, Cheryl. (2007) “China in Africa-Spreading the Wealth,” Canada Asia
Commentary, no. 44 (March), pp. 1-8. See at
www.asiapacific.ca/analysis/pubs/pdfs/commentary/cac44.pdf. Accessed
5 June 2008.
Chan, Stephen. (1985) “China’s Foreign Policy and Africa: The Rise and Fall of
China’s Three World’s Theory,” The Round Table, no. 296, pp. 376-384.
Chan-Fishel, Michelle. (2007) “Time to Go Green: Environmental
Responsibility in the Chinese Banking Sector,” study sponsored by Friends of
the Earth US and Bank Track (May), pp. 1-102. See at
www.foe.org/pdf/Chinese_Bank_Report_5-9-07.pdf. Accessed 29 April 2008.
__________ and Roxanne Lawson. (2007) “Quid pro Quo? China’s Investment-
for-Resource Swaps in Africa,” Development, 50 (3), pp. 63-68.
Chang, Andrei. (2009) “China Expanding African Arms Sales,” UPI Asia
Online (26 January). See at
www.upiasia.com/Security/2009/01/26/china_expanding_african_arms_sal
es/1148/?view=print. Accessed 1 February 2009.
Chang Qing. (1989) “Chinese Foreign Minister Tours Africa,” Beijing Review,
32 (35), pp. 10-11.

Chang, Sen-dou. (1968) “The Distribution and Occupations of Overseas
Chinese,” Geographical Review, 58 (1), 89-107.
Chau, Donovan C. (2007) “Assistance of a Different Kind: Chinese Political
Warfare in Ghana, 1958-1966,” Comparative Strategy, 26 (2), pp. 141-161.
__________. (2007) Political Warfare in Sub-Saharan Africa: U.S. Capabilities
and Chinese Operations in Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa,”
(March), pp. 1-75. See at
www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/pub766.pdf. Accessed 28
March 2008.
Chen, Chuan, Pi-Chu Chiu, Ryan J. Orr, and Andrea Goldstein. (2007) “An
Empirical Analysis of Chinese Construction Firms’ Entry into Africa,” paper
presented at the Symposium on Advancement of Construction Management
and Real Estate, 8-13 August, Sydney, Australia. See at
www.cepil.fr/anglaisgraph/communications/pdf/2007/190907/goldsteinS4.pdf.
Accessed 12 July 2008.
Chen-ch’ang, Chiang. (1989) “Anti-African Student Incidents in Mainland
China,” Issues and Studies, 25 (2), pp. 9-11.
Chen Zhimin and Jian Junbo. (2009) “Chinese Provinces as Foreign Policy
Actors in Africa,” Occasional Paper No. 22, South African Institute of
International Affairs (January), pp. 1-22.
Cheng, J. Chester (ed.). (1966) The Politics of the Chinese Red Army. Stanford,
CA: Hoover Institution Press.
Cheru, Fantu. (2007) “Love at First Sight! Or Confused Priorities? Decoding
the Evolving China-Africa Relations,” presentation at UCLA workshop, 27
April, pp. 1-3. See at www.globalization-africa.org/papers/83.pdf. Accessed
18 April 2008.
Chew, Emrys. (2007) “Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon: The Indian Ocean
and the Maritime Balance of Power in Historical Perspective,” unpublished
paper (25 October), pp. 1-21. See at
www.rsis.edu.sg/publications/workingpapers/wp144.pdf. Accessed 15
December 2008.
Chibundu, Victor Nwaozichi. (2003) Foreign Policy: With Particular Reference to
Nigeria (1961-2002). Ibadan: Spectrum Books.
China. (2009) China’s National Defense in 2008. January white paper released in
Beijing. See at www.gov.cn/english/official/2009-01/20/content_1210227.htm.
China. Ministry of Commerce. (2007) 2006 Statistical Bulletin of China’s Outward
Foreign Direct Investment, pp. 51-74. See at
http://preview.hzs2.mofcom.gov.cn/accessory/200710/1192783779118.pdf.

Accessed 5 June 2008.
__________. (2007) “The Economic and Trade Relations between China and
African Countries in 2006,” in China Commerce Yearbook 2007. Beijing: China
Commerce and Trade Press, pp. 614-616.
China. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2000) “Programme for China-Africa Co-
operation in Economic and Social Development” (November 17). See at
www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjdt/2649/t15777.htm. Accessed 25 February 2009.
__________. (2004) China’s Foreign Affairs. Beijing: Foreign Affairs Press.
__________. (2006) “China’s African Policy,” white paper dated January 12.
See at www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/zxxx/t230615.htm. Accessed 3 August 2008.
__________. (2008) Reports on relations with individual countries in sub-
Saharan Africa and North Africa. See at
www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/gjhdq/2913/default.htm and
www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/gjhdq/2797/default.htm. Accessed 23 March 2008.
China. State Council. (2005) “China’s Peaceful Development Road,” white
paper dated 12 December. See at
www.china.org.cn/english/features/book/152684.htm. Accessed 31 January
2009.
China Economic Review. (2007) “Taking Responsibility,” Special Report
(March). See at
www.chinaeconomicreview.com/cer/info/Taking_responsibility.html.
China National Petroleum Corporation. (2007) Annual Report. See at
www.cnpc.com.cn/Resource/eng/img/07AnnualReport/2007PDF.pdf.
Accessed 3 August 2008.
China. State Council Information Office (2004) “China’s National Defense in
2004.” See at
http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/whitepaper/defense2004/defense2004.ht
ml. Accessed 11 April 2008.
__________. (2007) “White Paper on Energy.” See at
www.china.org.cn/english/environment/236955.htm. Accessed 29 March
2008.
Chinese-African People’s Friendship Association. (1961) The Chinese People
Resolutely Support the Just Struggle of the African People. Peking: Foreign
Languages Press.
Christensen, Thomas J. and James Swan. (2008) “China in Africa: Implications
for U.S. Policy,” Statement before the Subcommittee on African Affairs of the
Senate Foreign Relations Committee (4 June). See at
www.state.gov/p/eap/rls/rm/2008/06/105556.htm. Accessed 4 June 2008.

Christopher, A.J. (1992) “Ethnicity, Community and the Census in Mauritius,
1830-1930,” The Geographical Journal, 158 (1), pp. 57-64.
Chu Jung-fu. (1954) “Foreign Relations of New China during the Past Five
Years,” World Culture (5 October). Translated by American Consulate General
Hong Kong and transmitted as airgram no. 307 dated 6 December 1954.
Chung, Kuan. (1977) A Case Study of Chinese Communist Subversive Activity in
Africa—Relations between Red China and Ghana (1964-1966). Taipei: World Anti-
Communist League.
Cisse, Mbaye. (2007) “L’affirmation d’une Stratégie de Puissance: La Politique
Africaine de la Chine.” See at www.diploweb.com/forum/chine07102.htm.
Clapham, Christopher. (2006) “Fitting China In,” Brenthurst Discussion Papers,
no. 8, pp. 1-6. See at
s/BD0608_Fitting_China_in_Africa.pdf. Accessed 21 March 2008.
Clemens, Walter C., Jr. (1968) The Arms Race and Sino-Soviet Relations. Stanford,
CA: Stanford University.
Clifford-Vaughan, F. McA. (1978) “The Communist Powers and Africa,”
International Affairs Bulletin (South Africa), 2 (3), pp. 16-23.
Clos, Max. (1965) “The Chinese Role in the Congo: Fact or Fiction?” Africa
Report, 10 (1), pp. 18-19.
Close, Alexandra. (1965) “Aid from the Aidless,” Far Eastern Economic Review,
49 (5), pp. 214-216 & 221.
Cohn, Daniel J. (2008) “Sino-Senegalese Relations: Implications for American
Policy,” senior thesis, George Washington University, pp. 1-35.
Colley, Chris. (2008) “China’s Maturing Foreign Policy,” Pambazuka News (3
November). See at www.pambazuka.org/en/category/africa_china/51739.
__________. (2009) “China’s Reforms at 30 and the ‘Beijing’,” Pambazuka News
(31 January). See at www.pambazuka.org/en/category/africa_china/53757.
Accessed 1 February 2009.
Comte, Gilbert. (1971) “Peking Shows its New African Look,” Africa Report, 16
(3), pp. 19-21.
Congo (Democratic Republic). (2007) “Protocole d’Accord” between the
DRC’s Ministry of Infrastructure, Public Works and Reconstruction and a
consortium of Chinese enterprises, including the Export-Import Bank of
China, China Railway Engineering Corporation, and SINOHYDRO. Signed 17
September in Kinshasa.

Coniglio, Sergio. (2004) “China’s Aviation – A Military and Industrial
Perspective,” Military Technology, 28 (11), pp. 14-21.
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species. (2007) “Monitoring
of Illegal Trade in Ivory and Other Elephant Specimens,” Fourteenth meeting
of the Conference of the Parties in The Hague, 3-15 June, pp. 1-60. See at
www.cites.org/cop/14/E14-53-2.pdf. Accessed 28 March 2008.
Cooke, Jennifer (ed.). (2008) U.S. and Chinese Engagement in Africa: Prospects for
Improving U.S.-China-Africa Cooperation. Washington: Center for Strategic and
International Studies, pp. 1-61.
Cooley, John K. (1965) East Wind over Africa: Red China’s African Offensive. New
York: Walker.
Cooper, Andrew F. and Thomas Fues. (2008) “Do the Asian Drivers Pull Their
Diplomatic Weight? China, India, and the United Nations,” World
Development, 36 (2), pp. 293-307.
Copper, John F. (1976) China’s Foreign Aid: An Instrument of Peking’s Foreign
Policy. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
__________. (1977) “China’s Foreign Aid in 1976,” Current Scene, 15 (6-7),
pp. 12-23.
__________. (1981) China’s Foreign Aid in 1979-80. Baltimore, MD: School of
Law University of Maryland.
__________. (1983) “China’s Military Assistance,” in Communist Nations’
Military Assistance ed. by John F. Copper and Daniel S. Papp. Boulder,
CO: Westview Press, pp. 96-134.
__________. (1986) “The PRC and the Third World: Rhetoric versus Reality,”
Issues and Studies, 22 (3), pp. 107-125.
Copson, Raymond W. (2006) “China’s Growing Role in Africa,” Washington
Journal of Modern China, 8 (1), pp. 14-23.
__________, Kerry Dumbaugh and Michelle Lau. (2005) “China and Sub-
Saharan Africa,” CRS Report for Congress, RL33055 (29 August), pp. 1-18.
Corkin, Lucy. (2006) “Chinese Multinational Corporations in Africa,” Inside
AISA, nos. 3 and 4 (October/December), pp. 10-13.
__________. (2007) “China’s Contribution to the Development of African
Infrastructure through Investment in the Extractive Industries,” AFRODAD
Occasional Papers, no. 8 (December). See at
www.ccs.org.za/downloads/China%20Occasional%20Paper.pdf. Accessed
25 May 2008.

__________. (2007) “The Strategic Entry of China’s Emerging Multinationals
into Africa,” China Report, 43 (3), pp. 309-322.
__________. (2008) “AERC Scoping Exercise on China-Africa Relations: The
Case of Angola,” report prepared for the African Economic Research
Consortium (January). See at
www.aercafrica.org/documents/china_africa_relations/Angola.pdf.
__________. (2008) “Competition or Collaboration? Chinese and South African
Transnational Companies in Africa,” Review of African Political Economy,
35 (115), pp. 128-134.
__________. (2009) “Unpacking Angola’s Beijing Connection,” Pambazuka
News (31 January). www.pambazuka.org/en/category/africa_china/53758.
Cornelissen, Scarlett and Ian Taylor. (2000) “The Political Economy of China
and Japan’s Relationship with Africa: A Comparative Perspective,” The Pacific
Review, 13 (4), pp. 615-633.
Council on Foreign Relations. (2006) More Than Humanitarianism: A Strategic
U.S. Approach toward Africa. Independent Task Force Report No. 56.
Counts, Robert. (1961) “Chinese Footprints in Somalia,” The Reporter, 24 (3),
pp. 32-34.
Courmont, Barthélémy and Irving Lewis. (2007) “Chine-Afrique: Une
Stratégie Donnant-Donnant?” Défense Nationale et Sécurité Collective, 63 (1),
pp. 103-110.
Croll, Peter J., Andreas Lebzien and Wolf-Christian Paes. (2008) “‘Yellow
Imperialism’ or ‘Successful Wealth Creation Formula’?” Bonn International
Centre for Conversion Focus, no. 7 (May), pp. 1-8.
Cutter, Charles H. (2005) “Africa Today,” Africa: The World Today Series, 40th
edition. Baltimore, MD: Stryker-Post Publications, pp. v-viii.
__________. (2006) “Africa Today,” Africa: The World Today Series, 41st edition.
Baltimore, MD: Stryker-Post Publications, pp. v-viii.
Daly, John C.K. (2008) “Feeding the Dragon: China’s Quest for African
Minerals,” China Brief, 8 (3), pp. 7-11.
Dart, Raymond A. (1939) “A Chinese Character as a Wall Motive in Rhodesia,”
South African Journal of Science, 36 (December), pp. 474-476.
Davidson, Basil. (1961) “China and Africa,” in Old Africa Rediscovered by Basil
Davidson. London: Victor Gollancz, pp. 155-163.

Davies, Martyn. (2007) “Special Economic Zones and Infrastructure Corridors:
China’s Development Model Comes to Africa,” Centre for Chinese Studies,
Stellenbosch University, internal paper (May), pp. 1-4.
__________. (2008) “China’s Developmental Model Comes to Africa,” Review
of African Political Economy, 35 (115), pp. 134-137.
__________. (2008) “How China Delivers Development Assistance to Africa,”
monograph prepared by the Centre for Chinese Studies, University of
Stellenbosch, February, pp. 1-69. See at
www.ccs.org.za/downloads/DFID_FA_Final.pdf. Accessed 21 March 2008.
Davies, Penny. (2007) “China and the End of Poverty in Africa – Towards
Mutual Benefit?” report produced by the Swedish Development Aid
Organization Dikonia in collaboration with European Network on Debt and
Development, pp. 1-114. See at
www.diakonia.se/documents/public/NEWS/China_and_the_end_of_pover
ty_in_Africa_2.pdf. Accessed 10 April 2008.
Deacon, Richard. (1974) The Chinese Secret Service. New York: Taplinger
Publishing.
DeLisle, Jacques. (2007) “Assessing China’s Economic and Military Power,”
Foreign Policy Research Institute E-Note (19 October). See at
www.fpri.org/enotes/200710.delisle.chinarising.html. Accessed 30 March
2008.
__________. (2007) “Into Africa: China’s Quest for Resources and Influence,”
Foreign Policy Research Institute E-Note (19 February). See at
www.unc.edu/depts/diplomat/item/2007/0103/deli/delisle_africa.html.
Delius, Anthony. (1971) “Communist China’s New Diplomatic Strategy in
Africa,” Optima (June), pp. 54-58.
De Lorenzo, Mauro. (2007) “China and Africa: A New Scramble?” China Brief,
7 (7), pp. 2-5.
__________. (2007) “African Perspectives on China,” China Brief, 7 (18),
pp. 6-7.
Deng, Yong. (2008) China’s Struggle for Status: The Realignment of International
Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Deshpande, G.P. (1967) “Recent Developments in Africa—II: China’s Policy
Objectives,” Africa Quarterly, 7 (1), pp. 12-16.
__________. (1975) “Chou En-lai’s African Safari,” China Report, 11 (5-6),
pp. 77-105.

__________ and B.E. Shinde. (1977) “China and the Liberation Movements in
Africa,” Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses Journal, 9 (4), pp. 421-426.
__________ and H.K. Gupta. (1986) United Front against Imperialism: China’s
Foreign Policy in Africa. Bombay: Somaiya Publications.
Deutsche Bank Research. (2006) “China’s Commodity Hunger: Implications
for Africa and Latin America,” Current Issues (13 June). See at
www.dbresearch.com/PROD/DBR_INTERNET_EN-PROD/
PROD0000000000199956.pdf. Accessed 11 November 2008.
Ding, Sheng and Robert A. Saunders. (2006) “Talking up China: An Analysis
of China’s Rising Cultural Power and Global Promotion of the Chinese
Language,” East Asia, 23 (2), pp. 3-33.
Disenyana, Tsidiso. (2009) “China in Africa: Energy Sector Kenya Case Study,”
South African Institute of International Affairs Occasional Paper no. 25
(February), pp. 1-14.
Disney, Nigel. (1977) “China and the Middle East,” MERIP Reports, no. 63
(December), pp. 3-18 and 22.
Dobler, Gregor. (2005) “South-South Business Relations in Practice: Chinese
Merchants in Oshikango, Namibia,” draft unpublished paper. See at
www.ids.ac.uk/UserFiles/File/globalisation_team/asian_driver_docs/Dobl
er_Chinese.pdf. Accessed 23 March 2008.
__________. (2007) “”Old Ties or New Shackles? China in Namibia” in
Transitions in Namibia by Henning Melber (ed.). Uppsala: Nordiska
Afrikainstitutet, pp. 94-109.
__________. (2008) “Cheapness and Resentment: Chinese Traders and Local
Society in Oshikango, Namibia.” paper presented at ASC seminar in Leiden
on March 27. See at
www.ascleiden.nl/GetPage.aspx?url=/events/event1204552016. Accessed 2
April 2008.
Dollar, David. (2008) “Lessons from China for Africa,” World Bank Policy
Research Working Paper 4531, pp. 1-30.
Dong, Lili and David W. Chapman. (2008) “The Chinese Government
Scholarship Program: An Effective Form of Foreign Assistance,” International
Review of Education, 54 (2), pp. 155-173.
Downs, Erica S. (2007) “The Fact and Fiction of Sino-African Energy
Relations,” China Security, 3 (3), pp. 42-68.
Draper, Peter and Garth le Pere. (2005) Enter the Dragon: Towards a Free Trade
Agreement between China and the Southern African Customs Union. Midrand,
South Africa: Institute for Global Dialogue.

Dreyer, Edward L. (2007) Zheng He: China and the Oceans in the Early Ming
Dynasty, 1405-1433. New York: Pearson Longman.
Dreyer, June Teufel. (2007) “China’s Power and Will: The PRC’s Military
Strength and Grand Strategy,” Orbis, 51 (4), pp. 647-660.
Du Bois, W.E. Burghardt. (1965) “Asia in Africa,” in The World and Africa by
W.E.B. du Bois. New York: International Publishers, pp. 176-200.
Du Pisany, J.A. (2006) “One Way Traffic or Highway to Mutual Benefit? Part
I: China and Africa in the Era of Mao Zedong,” New Contree, 52 (November),
pp. 1-23.
Duffey, Alexander E. (2008) “China’s Contact with Southern Africa: The
Ceramic Record,” Journal (Namibia Scientific Society), vol. 56, pp. 27-42.
Dukulé, Abdoulaye, W. (2006) “Africa between China and the West: The New
War of Influence,” The Perspective (24 November). See at
www.theperspective.org/articles/1124200601.html. Accessed 21 March 2008.
Du Plessis, Max. (2008) “Chinese Arms Destined for Zimbabwe over South
African Territory: The R2P Norm and the Role of Civil Society,” African
Security Review, 17 (4), pp. 17-29.
Dutt, Vidya Prakash. (1966) China and the World: An Analysis of Communist
China’s Foreign Policy. New York: Praeger.
Duyvendak, J.J.L. (1949) China’s Discovery of Africa. London: Arthur
Probsthain.
Eadie, Gail A. and Denise M. Grizzell. (1979) “China’s Foreign Aid, 1975-78,”
The China Quarterly, no. 77 (March), pp. 217-234.
Ebinger, Charles K. (1976) “External Intervention in Internal War: The Politics
and Diplomacy of the Angolan Civil War,” Orbis, 20 (3), pp. 669-699.
Economic Commission of West African States, Sahel and West Africa Club and
OECD. (2006) “Atlas on Regional Integration in West Africa: Africa and
China,” (December), pp. 1-16. See at
www.oecd.org/dataoecd/42/26/38409391.pdf. Accessed 11 April 2008.
Edinger, Hannah and Johanna Jansson. (2008) “China’s ‘Angola Model’
Comes to the DRC,” The China Monitor, issue 34 (October), pp. 4-6.
Edinger, Hannah, Hayley Herman and Johanna Jansson (eds.). (2008) New
Impulses from the South: China’s Engagement of Africa. Stellenbosch, SA: Centre
for Chinese Studies. See at www.ccs.org.za/downloads/CCS_-
_Now_Impulses_from_the_South_May_08.pdf. Accessed 29 May 2008.
Egom, Peter Alexander. (2007) “Africa and the Global Economy,” unpublished
paper presented at the international conference on “The New Scramble for
Africa” at State House in Abuja, Nigeria, 10-12 April.

Egypt. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2006) “China-Africa in the 21st Century,”
power point presentation prepared for conference in South Africa 16-17
October hosted by NEPAD. See at
www.saiia.org.za/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid
=986. Accessed 12 April 2008.
Eisenman, Joshua. (2005) “Zimbabwe: China’s African Ally,” China Brief, 5
(15), pp. 9-11.
__________. (2007) “China’s Post-Cold War Strategy in Africa” in China and the
Developing World by Joshua Eisenman, Eric Heginbotham, and Derek Mitchell
(eds.). Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, pp. 29-59.
__________. (2007) “The Communist Party of China’s Outreach to Political
Parties in Sub-Saharan Africa,” presentation at UCLA workshop, 27 April, pp.
1-3. See at www.globalization-africa.org/papers/76.pdf. Accessed 18 April
2008.
__________ and Joshua Kurlantzick. (2006) “China’s Africa Strategy,” Current
History, 105 (691), pp. 219-224.
El-Khawas, Mohamed A. (1973) “The Development of China’s Foreign Policy
toward Africa, 1955-1972,” A Current Bibliography on African Affairs, 6 (2), pp.
129-139.
__________. (1973) “China’s Changing Policies in Africa,” Issue: A Journal of
Opinion, 3 (1), pp. 24-28.
Elliott, Michael. (2007) “China Takes on the World,” Time Magazine (11
January). See at
www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1576831,00.html. Accessed 23
March 2008).
Ellis, Linden J. (2007) “China Exim Bank in Africa: Opportunities for
Strengthening Environmental Standards for Hydropower in Sudan,”
Woodrow Wilson Center for Scholars (March 22). See at
www.wilsoncenter.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=events.print&event_id=224956
&stoplayout=true. Accessed 21 March 2008.
Environmental Investigation Agency. (2007) “Made in China: How China’s
Illegal Ivory Trade Is Causing a 21st Century African Elephant Disaster,” pp. 1-
33. See at www.eia-international.org/cgi/news/news.cgi?t=template&a=398.
__________. (2007) “No Questions Asked: The Impacts of U.S. Market Demand
for Illegal Timber – and the Potential for Change,” pp. 1-32. See at www.eia-
international.org/files/reports154-1.pdf. Accessed 24 March 2008.

Esoh Elamé, Joseph. (2005) “L’Immigration en Afrique Noire dans le Contexte
de la Mondialisation,” Lestamp. See at
www.lestamp.com/publications_mondialisation/publication.esoh.htm.
Ethiopia. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2006) “An Overview of the Bilateral
Relations between the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and the
People’s Republic of China,” unpublished paper presented at a conference in
South Africa 16-17 October hosted by NEPAD, pp. 1-10. See at
http://saiia.org.za/images/upload/Zemene_Ethiopia.pdf. Accessed 12
April 2008.
Etian, Eleih-Elle. (2007) “Increasing Rapproachement,” Beijing Review, 50 (6),
pp. 12-13.
European Parliament. (2007) “Draft Report on China’s Policy and Its Effects on
Africa,” PR697015EN.doc., pp. 1-12. See at
www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2004_2009/documents/pr/697/697015
/697015en.pdf. Accessed 21 December 2008.
__________. (2008) “European Parliament Resolution of 23 April 2008 on
China’s Policy and Its Effects on Africa,” P6_TA-PROV(2008)0173 provisional
edition, pp. 1-13.
Evans, Peter C. and Erica S. Downs. (2006) “Untangling China’s Quest for Oil
through State-backed Financial Deals,” The Brookings Institution Policy Brief, no.
154 (May), pp. 1-8. See at
www.brookings.edu/papers/2006/05china_evans.aspx. Accessed 29 April
2008.
Fairbank, John K. (ed). (1968) The Chinese World Order: Traditional China’s
Foreign Relations. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Fee, Florence C. (2006) “Asian Oils in Africa: A Challenge to the International
Community,” Petroleumworld.com. See at
www.petroleumworld.com/SunOPF050706.htm. Accessed 17 December
2008.
Fernández Jilberto, Alex E. and Barbara Hogenboom. (2007) “Developing
Regions, Africa and Indonesia Facing the Rise of China,” Journal of Developing
Societies, 23 (3), pp. 301-303.
__________. (2007) “Developing Regions Facing China in a Neoliberalized
World,” Journal of Developing Societies, 23 (3), pp. 305-339.
Fernando, Sithara. (2007) “Chronology of China-Africa Relations,” China
Report, 43 (3), pp. 363-373.
Filesi, Teobaldo. (1972) China and Africa in the Middle Ages. London: Frank
Cass.

Fisher, Richard D. (2006) “China’s Submarines Pose Regional, Strategic
Challenges,” Armed Forces Journal (March), pp. 32-35.
FitzGerald, C.P. (1964) “The Sino-Soviet Balance Sheet in the Underdeveloped
Areas,” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 351
(January), pp. 40-49.
Ford, Neil. (2007) “Power Struggle: Boosting Competition for African Energy,”
Jane’s Intelligence Review, 19 (1), pp. 64-65.
Forest Trends. (2006) “Helping Liberia Escape Conflict Timber: The Role of the
International Community – China and Europe,” Information Bulletin: China and
East Asia, issue 5 (June), pp. 1-4. See at
www.forest-trends.org/documents/misc/CHEAP/FT%20Info%20Brief
%20Liberia%20June%202006%20FINAL%20ENGLISH.pdf. Accessed 24
March 2008.
Forum for China-Africa Cooperation. (2004) “Addis Ababa Action Plan (2004-
2006).” See at www.focac.org/eng/zyzl/hywj/t157710.htm. Accessed 30
March 2008.
__________. (2006) “China-Africa Relations Board the Ship of a New Century:
Review of the Sixth Anniversary of China-Africa Cooperation Forum.” See at
http://english.focacsummit.org/2006-09/29/content_1938.htm. Accessed 30
March 2008.
__________. (2006) “Beijing Action Plan (2007-2009).” See at
www.fmprc.gov.cn/zflt/eng/zxxx/t280369.htm. Accessed 30 March 2008.
__________. (2006) “Declaration of the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-
Africa Cooperation.” See at www.fmprc.gov.cn/zflt/eng/zxxx/t280370.htm.
Foster, Vivien, William Butterfield, Chuan Chen and Nataliya Pushak. (2008)
Building Bridges: China’s Growing Role as Infrastructure Financier for Sub-
Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: The World Bank. See at
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTAFRICA/Resources/Building_Brid
ges_Master_Version_wo-Embg_with_cover.pdf. Accessed 21 October 2008.
Fournet-Guerin, Catherine. (2006) “New Chinese Immigration in
Antananarivo,” China Perspectives, no. 67 (September-October), pp. 45-57.
Fraser, Stewart E. (1969) “China’s International, Cultural, and Educational
Relations: With Selected Bibliography,” Comparative Education Review, 13 (1),
pp. 60-87.
Freeberne, Michael. (1965) “Racial Issues and the Sino-Soviet Dispute,” Asian
Survey, 5 (8), pp. 408-416.

Freeman, Chas. W. Jr. (2006) “The Arabs Take a Chinese Wife: Sino-Arab
Relations in the Decade to Come,” 7 May remarks to the World Affairs Council
of Northern California posted by Middle East Policy Council. See at
www.mepc.org/whats/SinoArabRelations.asp. Accessed 25 April 2008.
Freeman, Duncan, Jonathan Holslag, and Steffi Weil. (2008) “China’s Foreign
Farming Policy: Can Land Provide Security?” Brussels Institute of Contemporary
China Studies Asia Paper, 3 (9), 1-27.
French, Howard W. (2007) “Commentary: China and Africa,” African Affairs,
106 (422), pp. 127-132.
Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. (2004) “The ‘Look East Policy’ of Zimbabwe Now
Focuses on China,” Policy Briefing Paper (November). See at
www.nuso.org/upload/evento/Zimbabwe.pdf. Accessed 11 November
2008.
__________. (2008) “Sixth Shanghai Workshop on Global Governance ‘China-
Europe-Africa-Cooperation: Chances and Challenges’.” (14-15 March). See at
www.feschina.net/Files/080314-2.pdf. Accessed 17 December 2008.
Frynas, Jedrzej George and Manuel Paulo. (2007) “A New Scramble for
African Oil? Historical, Political, and Business Perspectives,” African Affairs,
106 (423), pp. 229-251.
Fues, Thomas and Sven Grimm. (2006) “China’s Africa Policy: Opportunity
and Challenge for European Development Cooperation,” German Development
Institute Briefing Paper 4, pp. 1-4. See at
www.die-gdi.de/die_homepage.nsf/FSepub?OpenFrameset. Accessed 23
March 2008.
Fundira, Taku. (2007) “Update: South African Quotas on Chinese Clothing
and Textiles: Has There Been Sufficient Economic Justification?” TRALAC
Trade Brief, no. 09 (December), pp. 1-8. See at
www.tralac.org/scripts/content.php?id=7182. Accessed 25 March 2008.
Galal, Mohamed Noman. (2006) “China-Arab Forum and Its Connotations to
China-Africa Forum,” unpublished paper delivered at conference in South
Africa 16-17 October hosted by NEPAD, pp. 1-16. See at
http://saiia.org.za/images/upload/Galal_China-Arab%20Forum.pdf.
Galtung, Johan. (1987) “The Chinese Path to Development” in Learning from
China: Development and Environment in Third World Countries by Bernhard
Glaeser (ed.). London: Allen and Unwin, pp. 32-55.
Gao Jinyuan. (1984) “China and Africa: The Development of Relations over
Many Centuries,” African Affairs, 83 (331), pp. 241-250.
Garratt, Colin. (1961) “China as a Foreign Aid Donor,” Far Eastern Economic
Review, 31 (1), pp. 81, 84-87.
Garrett, Banning. (2006) “US-China Relations in the Era of Globalization and
Terror: A Framework for Analysis,” Journal of Contemporary China, 15 (48),
pp. 389-415.
Garver, John W. (1993) Foreign Relations of the People’s Republic of China.
Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Gaye, Adama. (2006) Chine-Afrique: Le Dragon et l’Autruche. Paris:
L’Harmattan.
__________. (2007) “China’s Time is Right,” New African, issue 462 (May),
pp. 144-146.
Gedalof, Irene, Steven Orlov and Herman Rosenfeld. (1977) “China and
Angola: Supporting Liberation, Opposing Intervention,” New China, 3 (1),
pp. 31-35.
Geeraerts, Gustaaf and Jonathan Holslag. (2007) “The Pandragon: China’s
Dual Diplomatic Identity,” BICCS Asia Paper, 2 (1), pp. 1-15. See at
www.vub.ac.be/biccs/publications.htm. Accessed 23 March 2008.
Geldenhuys, Deon. (1997) “The Politics of South Africa’s ‘China Switch’,”
George, Mark (2009) “China-Africa Two-way Trade – Recent Developments,”
The China Monitor (February), pp. 4-9.
Ghana. Ministry of Information. (1972) Nkrumah’s Deception of Africa. Accra:
State Publishing Corporation.
__________. (1972) Nkrumah’s Subversion in Africa: Documentary Evidence of
Nkrumah’s Interference in the Affairs of Other African States. Accra: State
Publishing Corporation.
Ghazvinian, John. (2007) Untapped: The Scramble for Africa’s Oil. Orlando,
FL: Harcourt.
Gibson, Richard. (1972) African Liberation Movements: Contemporary Struggles
against White Minority Rule. London: Oxford University Press.
Gill, Bates. (2007) Rising Star: China’s New Security Diplomacy. Washington,
DC: Brookings Institution.
__________, Chin-hao Huang and Stephen Morrison. (2007) “Assessing
China’s Growing Influence in Africa,” China Security, 3 (3), pp. 3-21.
__________. (2007) “China’s Expanding Role in Africa: Implications for the
United States: A Report of the CSIS Delegation to China on China-Africa-U.S.
Relations November 28-December 1, 2006.” Washington: Center for Strategic
and International Studies, pp. 1-40.

__________ and James Reilly. (2007) “The Tenuous Hold of China Inc. in
Africa,” The Washington Quarterly, 30 (3), pp. 37-52.
__________ and Yanzhong Huang. (2006) “Sources of Limits of Chinese ‘Soft
Power’,” Survival, 48 (2), pp. 17-35.
__________ and Chin-hao Huang. (2009) “China’s Expanding Peacekeeping
Role: Its Significance and the Policy Implications,” SIPRI Policy Brief
(February). See at http://books.sipri.org/files/misc/SIPRIPB0902,pdf.
Gillespie, Sandra. (2001) South-South Transfer: A Study of Sino-African
Exchanges. New York: Routledge.
__________. (2006) “Voices of African Students in China,” unpublished paper
presented at China-Africa workshop in Hong Kong 11-12 November, pp.1-59.
See at www.cctr.ust.hk.china-africa/papers/Gillespie,Sandra.pdf. Accessed
23 January 2009.
Gilpin, Raymond. (2006) “China in Africa: An Analysis of Recent
Developments,” The Africa Center for Strategic Studies, National Defense
University, Washington, D.C. unpublished paper (October), pp. 1-12.
Ginsburgs, George. (1975) “The Soviet View of Chinese Influence in Africa and
Latin America” in Soviet and Chinese Influence in the Third World by Alvin Z.
Rubinstein (ed.). New York: Praeger, pp. 197-220.
Giry, Stéphanie. (2004) “China’s Africa Strategy: Out of Beijing,” The New
Republic, 231 (20), pp. 19, 22-23.
Glaser, Bonnie S. (2007) “Ensuring the ‘Go Abroad’ Policy Serves China’s
Domestic Priorities,” China Brief, 7 (5), pp. 2-5.
__________ and Evan S. Medeiros. (2007) “The Changing Ecology of Foreign
Policy-Making in China: The Ascension and Demise of the Theory of ‘Peaceful
Rise,’” China Quarterly, no. 190 (June), pp. 291-310.
Glaubitz, Joachim. (1974) “China and International Organizations,” in China
and the Current Era of Détente by Centre d’Etude du Sud-Est Asiatique et de
l’Extrême Orient (ed.). Brussels: Université Libre de Bruxelles, pp. 167-182.
Gleijeses, Piero. (2002) Conflicting Missions Havana, Washington, and Africa,
1959-1976. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
Goldstein, Andrea, Nicolas Pinaud, Helmut Reisen and Xiabao Chen. (2006)
The Rise of China and India: What’s in it for Africa? Paris: OECD Publishing.
Goldstein, Lyle J. (2008) “Cold Wars at Sea,” Armed Forces Journal (April),
pp. 14-17 and 43-44.
Golia, Maria. (2007) “Egypt’s China Fever,” The Middle East, Issue 376 (March),
pp. 38-40.

Gong, Sasha. (2007) “Chinese Workers in Africa,” presentation at UCLA
workshop, 27 April, pp. 1-3. See at www.globalization-africa.org/papers/80.pdf.
Gosier, Jonathan D. (2008) “The Next 2 Billion: SinoAfrica Rising,” Appfrica.net
(27 August). See at http://appfrica.net/blog/archives/293. Accessed 13
December 2008.
Gountin, V. Maurice. (2006) “China’s Assistance to Africa, a Stone Bridge of
Sino-African Relations,” unpublished paper, pp. 1-13. See at
www.cctr.ust.hk/china-africa/papers/Gountin,Maurice.pdf. Accessed 29
March 2008.
__________. (2008) “What Do Chinese Scholars Know about Africa?”
Pambazuka News (20 November). See at
www.pambazuka.org/en/category/africa_china/52086. Accessed 21
November 2008.
__________. (2009) “China’s Cultural Interest in Sino-African Cultural
Exchanges,” Pambazuka News (31 January). See at
www.pampazuka.org/en/category/africa_china/53759. Accessed 1
February 2009.
Greenberg, Ilan. (2008) “Changing the Rules of the Game,” New York Times
Magazine, (30 March), pp. 52-57.
Greig, Ian. (1977) The Communist Challenge to Africa: An Analysis of
Contemporary Soviet, Cuban and Chinese Policies. London: Foreign Affairs
Publishing Company.
Griffith, William E. (1966) “Background on Communism in Africa,” in Sino-
Soviet Rivalry: Implications for U.S. Policy by Clement J. Zablocki (ed.). New
York: Praeger, pp. 119-124.
Grimmett, Richard F. (2000) “Conventional Arms Transfers to Developing
Nations, 1992-1999,” CRS Report for Congress (18 August). See at
www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/crs/RL30640.pdf .
__________. (2002) “Conventional Arms Transfers to Developing Nations,
1993 to 2000,” Mediterranean Quarterly, 13 (2), pp. 36-55.
1999-2006,” CRS Report for Congress (26 September). See at
http://fas.org/sgp/crs/weapons/RL34187.pdf. Accessed 15 April 2008.
2000-2007,” CRS Report for Congress (23 October). See at
www.fas.org/sgp/crs/weapons/RL34723.pdf. Accessed 19 October 2008.

Grundy, Kenneth W. (1971) Guerrilla Struggle in Africa: An Analysis and
Preview. New York: Grossman Publishers.
Gu, Jing and John Humphrey. (2006) “The Impact of Africa on China,” African
Economic Research Consortium, paper no. ADWP-05 (November), pp. 1-13. See
at www.aercafrica.org/publications/item.asp?itemid=335. Accessed 24
March 2008.
__________ and Dirk Messner. (2007) “Global Governance and Developing
Countries: The Implications of the Rise of China,” German Development
Institute Discussion Paper 18, pp. 1-25. See at
www.die-gdi.de/die_homepage.nsf/FSepub?OpenFrameset. Accessed 23
March 2008.
__________, John Humphrey and Dirk Messner. (2007) “Global Governance
and Developing Countries: The Implications of the Rise of China,” World
Development, 36 (2), pp. 274-292.
Gu Jianxin. (2007) “The Emerging Education Sector in China’s Aid Policy to
Africa,” unpublished paper and power point presentation. See at
www.jica.go.jp/jica-ri/topics/archives/jica/2007/070129_01.html. Accessed
5 January 2009.
Guérin, Émmanuel. (2008) “Chinese Assistance to Africa: Characterization
and Position Regarding the Global Governance of Development Aid,” Global
Governance, no. 3, pp. 1-10. See at www.iddri.org. Accessed 15 December
2008.
Gueriviere, Jean de la. (1973) “Sharp Increase Recorded in Chinese Economic
Aid to Africa,” Le Monde (translated from French), March, pp. 1, 5. JPRS
Translations on Africa, 213 (58625) no. 1289, pp. 6-11.
Guerrero, Dorothy-Grace and Firoze Manji (eds.). (2008) China’s New Role in
Africa and the South: A Search for a New Perspective. Nairobi: Fahamu Books.
Guillaume-Gentil, Anne, et. al. (2005) “Dossier Chine-Afrique,” Marchés
Tropicaux, 60 (3122), pp. 6-20.
Gunness, Kristen. (2006) “China’s Military Diplomacy in an Era of Change,”
paper prepared for a National Defense University symposium on 20 June, pp.
1-8. See at www.ndu.edu/inss/symposia/pacific2006/Gunnesspaper.pdf.
Gurtov, Melvin. (1965) “Communist China’s Foreign Aid Program,” Current
History, 49 (289), pp. 150-154 and 181.
Hagelin, Björn, Mark Bromley and Siemon T. Wezeman. (2006) “International
Arms Transfers,” SIPRI Yearbook 2006: Armaments, Disarmament and
International Security, pp. 449-476. See at
www.sipri.org/contents/armstrad/atpubs.html. Accessed 12 April 2008.

Haglund, Dan. (2008) “Regulating FDI in Weak African States: A Case Study
of Chinese Copper Mining in Zambia.” Journal of Modern African Studies, 46 (4),
pp. 547-575.
Haifang Liu. (2008) “China-Africa Relations through the Prism of Culture –
The Dynamics of China’s Cultural Diplomacy with Africa,” China Aktuell, no.
3, pp. 10-44.
Hale, David. (2006) “China’s Economic Takeoff: Implications for Africa,”
Brenthurst Discussion Papers, no. 1, pp. 1-18. See at
www.thebrenthurstfoundation.org/files/brenthurst_commissioned_reports/
bd0601_chinas_econ_takeoff.pdf. Accessed 25 March 2008.
Halff, Antoine. (2007) “Africa on My Mind: The Panda Menace,” The National
Interest, no. 90 (July/August), pp. 35-41.
Hall, Richard. (1969) “Chairman Mao and the Tan-Zam Railway,” in The High
Price of Principles: Kaunda and the White South by Richard Hall. New York:
Africana Publishing Corporation, pp. 209-223.
__________ and Hugh Peyman. (1976) The Great Uhuru Railway: China’s
Showpiece in Africa. London: Victor Gollancz.
Halpern, A.M. (1961) “The Foreign Policy Uses of the Chinese Revolutionary
Model,” The China Quarterly, no. 7 (July-September), pp. 1-16.
Hamrell, Sven and Carl Gösta Widstrand (eds.). (1964) The Soviet Bloc, China
and Africa. Uppsala: Scandinavian Institute of African Affairs.
Hanson, Stephanie. (2008) “China, Africa, and Oil,” Council on Foreign Relations
Backgrounder (6 June). See at
www.cfr.org/publication/9557/china_africa_and_oil.html?breadcrumb=%2F.
Harding, Harry. (1978) Chinese Foreign Policy in the Post-Mao Era. New York:
China Council of the Asia Society, pp. 1-36.
Hare, Paul. (2006) “China in Angola: An Emerging Energy Partnership,” China
Brief, 6 (22), pp. 4-6.
__________. (2007) “China and Zambia: The All-Weather Friendship Hits
Stormy Weather,” China Brief, 7 (5), pp. 7-9.
Harris, Karen L. (1999) “‘Accepting the Group, but Not the Area’: The South
African Chinese and the Group Area Act,” South African Historical Journal, no.
40 (May), pp. 179-201.
__________. (2004) “Private and Confidential: The Chinese Mine Labourers
and ‘Unnatural Crime’,” South African Historical Journal, no. 50, pp. 115-133.
__________. (2006) “‘Not a Chinaman’s Chance’: Chinese Labour in South
Africa and the United States of America,” Historia, 52 (2), 177-197.

Harris, Lillian Craig. (1985) China’s Foreign Policy toward the Third World. New
York: Praeger.
__________. (1994) “Myth and Reality in China’s Relations with the Middle
East” in Chinese Foreign Policy: Theory and Practice by Thomas W. Robinson and
David Shambaugh (eds.). Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 322-347.
__________ and Robert L. Worden (eds.). (1986) China and the Third World:
Champion or Challenger? Dover, MA: Auburn House.
Hartung, William D. (2008) “Deadly Traffic: China’s Arms Trade with the
Sudan,” Arms and Security Initiative Policy Brief, New America Foundation
(August), pp. 1-4. See at
www.newamerica.net/files/080606PBChinaArmsTrade.pdf. Accessed 6
August 2008.
Hatch, John. (1970) “China and Africa,” New Statesman (28 August), p. 230.
Haugen, Heidi Østbø and Jørgen Carling. (2005) “On the Edge of the Chinese
Diaspora: The Surge of Baihuo Business in an African City,” Ethnic and Racial
Studies, 28 (4), pp. 639-662.
Hawkins, Tony. (2006) “Design or Desperation: Trade and Investment in Post-
Mugabe Zimbabwe,” African Analyst, no. 1 (third quarter), pp. 60-68.
He Qinglian. (2007) “The Sino-African Cooperation against Human Rights,”
China Rights Forum, no. 1, pp. 41-42. See at
http://hrichina.org/public/PDFs/CRF.1.2007/CRF-2007-1_complete.pdf.
He Wenping. (1998) “China-Africa Relations Facing the 21st Century,” in Africa
Beyond 2000 by Institute of West Asian and African Studies (ed.). Beijing:
Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, pp. 393-411.
__________. (2006). “China-Africa Relations Moving into an Era of Rapid
Development,” Inside AISA, nos. 3 and 4 (October/December), pp. 3-6.
__________. (2006) “Engaging with NEPAD: A View from China,”
unpublished paper presented at a conference in South Africa 16-17 October
hosted by NEPAD, pp. 1-4. See at
http://saiia.org.za/images/upload/HeWenping_Engaging%20with%20NEP
AD.pdf. Accessed 12 April 2008.
__________. (2006) “Moving Forward with the Time: The Evolution of China’s
African Policy,” unpublished paper presented at a workshop on Africa-China
in Hong Kong 11-12 November, pp. 1-14. See at www.cctr.ust.hk/china-
africa/. Accessed 13 April 2008.
__________. (2007) “The Balancing Act of China’s Africa Policy,” China
Security, 3 (3), p. 23-40.

__________. (2007) “Sino-US Cooperation Can Benefit Africa Even More,”
China Daily (April 10). See at
www.china.org.cn/english/international/206672.htm. Accessed 31 August
2008.
__________. (2007) “Voyage to Africa,” Beijing Review, 50 (6), pp. 10-11.
__________. (2008) “How to Promote ‘All-round Cooperation’ between China
and Africa,” The African Executive. See at
www.africanexecutive.com/modules/magazine/article_print.php?article=31
57. Accessed 1 June 2008.
Heginbotham, Eric. (2007) “Evaluating China’s Strategy toward the
Developing World” in China and the Developing World by Joshua Eisenman,
Eric Heginbotham and Derek Mitchell (eds.). Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe,
pp. 189-216.
Henriksen, Thomas H. (1976) “People’s War in Angola, Mozambique, and
Guinea-Bissau,” The Journal of Modern African Studies, 14 (3). pp. 377-399.
__________. (1981) “Communism, Communist States, and Africa” in
Communist Powers and Sub-Saharan Africa by Thomas H. Henriksen (ed.).
Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, pp. 111-130.
Henze, Paul B. (1992) “Africa after Communism,” Problems of Communism, 41
(1-2), pp. 218-222.
Herbst, Jeffrey and Greg Mills. (2009) “Commodity Flux and China’s Africa
Strategy,” China Brief, 9 (2), pp. 4-6.
Hevi, Emmanuel John. (1963) An African Student in China. London: Butler &
Tanner.
__________. (1966) The Dragon’s Embrace: The Chinese Communists and Africa.
New York: Praeger.
Hill, John. (2006) “Beijing Displays Its Human Rights Diplomacy,” Jane’s
Intelligence Review, 18 (9), pp. 50-51.
__________. (2006) “China’s Ambiguity in Sudan,” Jane’s Intelligence Review, 18
(6), pp. 46-47.
Hilsum, Lindsey. (2005) “Re-enter the Dragon: China’s New Mission in
Africa,” Review of African Political Economy, 32 (104/105), pp. 419-425.
__________. (2006) “We Love China,” Granta Publications, (15 January). See at
www.granta.com/extracts/2616. Accessed 22 March 2008.
__________. (2008) “China Faces Reality in Africa,” Review of African Political
Economy, 35 (115), pp. 137-140.

Hinton, Harold C. (1973) China’s Turbulent Quest: An Analysis of China’s Foreign
Relations since 1949. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
Hirth, Friedrich. (1909) “Early Chinese Notices of East African Territories,”
Journal of the American Oriental Society, 30 (1), pp. 46-57.
Ho, Conal Guan-Yow. (2008) “The ‘Doing’ and ‘Undoing’ of Community:
Chinese Networks in Ghana,” China Aktuell, no. 3, pp. 45-76.
Hofmann, Katharina. (2006) “Challenges for International Development
Cooperation: The Case of China,” Friedrich Ebert Stiftung Briefing Paper, pp. 1-
10. See at http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/iez/global/04663.pdf. Accessed 27
April 2008.
__________, Jürgen Kretz, Michael Roll and Sebastian Sperling. (2007)
“Contrasting Perceptions: Chinese, African, and European Perspectives on the
China-Africa Summit,” Internationale Politik und Gesellschaft, no. 2, pp. 75-90.
Holmes, James R. (2007) “China’s Energy Consumption and Opportunities for
U.S.-China Cooperation,” Testimony before the U.S.-China Economic and
Security Review Commission on 14 June. See at
www.uscc.gov/hearings/2007hearings/hr07_06_14_15.php. Accessed 11
April 2008.
__________ and Toshi Yoshihara. (2006) “Soft Power at Sea: Zheng He and
Chinese Maritime Strategy,” U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, 132 (10), pp. 34-
38.
Holslag, Jonathan. (2006) “China’s New Mercantilism in Central Africa,” Asian
and African Studies, 5 (2), pp. 133-169.
__________. (2007) “China’s Diplomatic Victory in Darfur,” Brussels Institute of
Contemporary China Studies Background Paper, pp. 1-11. See at www.ec-
an.eu/files/China’s%20Diplomatic%20Victory%20in%20Darfur.pdf.
__________. (2007) “Friendly Giant? China’s Evolving Africa Policy,” Brussels
Institute of Contemporary China Studies Paper, Asia Paper, 2 (5), pp. 1-19. See at
http://documents.scribd.com/docs/1t5fepao04rjhcrz0wpq.pdf. Accessed 11
April 2008.
__________. (2008) “China’s Diplomatic Manoeuvring on the Question of
Darfur,” Journal of Contemporary China, 17 (54), pp. 71-84.
__________. (2008) “China’s Next Security Strategy for Africa,” Brussels
Institute of Contemporary China Studies Asia Paper, pp. 1-26. See at
www.vub.ac.be/biccs/documents/Holslag,%20Jonathan%202008,%20China
%27s%20New%20Security%20Policy%20for%20Africa,%20BICCS%20Asia%2
0Paper,%20vol.%203%20(6).PDF. Accessed 1 April 2008.

__________. (2008) “Chinese Boots on African Soil,” Online Africa Policy Forum,
(12 May). See at http://forums.csis.org/africa/?p=111. Accessed 13
November 2008.
__________. (2008) “Commerce and Prudence: Revising China’s Evolving
Africa Policy,” International Relations of the Asia Pacific, 8 (3), pp. 325-352.
__________ and Gustaaf Geeraerts, Jan Gorus, and Stefaan Smis. (2007)
“China’s Resources and Energy Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa,” Report for the
Development Committee of the European Parliament (19 March), pp. 1-73. See at
www.ec-an.eu/files/Report%20-%202007%20-%20China%20and%20Africa%20-
%20with%20country%20fact%20files.pdf. Accessed 29 March 2008.
Hong Yonghong. (2004) “African Studies in China,” Tinabantu: Journal of
African National Affairs, 2 (1), pp. 51-60.
__________. (2006) “Legal Cooperation of China and Africa States: Past,
Present and Future,” unpublished paper presented at workshop on China-
Africa in Hong Kong 11-12 November, pp. 1-3. See at www.cctr.ust.hk/china-
africa/. Accessed 13 April 2008.
Hong Zhao. (2007) “China’s Oil Venture in Africa,” East Asia, 24 (4),
pp. 399-415.
Horta, Loro. (2006) “China and Angola Strengthen Bilateral Relationship,”
Power and Interest News Report (23 June). See at
www.pinr.com/report.php?ac=view_printable&report_id=516&language_id=1.
__________. (2006) “Dragon in the Savanna: China’s Rising Influence over
Angola,” Strategic Analysis, 30 (2), pp. 493-495.
__________. (2007) “Guinea-Bissau: China Sees a Risk Worth Taking,” Online
Africa Policy Forum (5 October). See at http://forums.csis.org/africa/?p=63.
__________. (2008) “China in Cape Verde: The Dragon’s African Paradise,”
Online Africa Policy Forum (2 January). See at
http://forums.csis.org/africa/?p=80. Accessed 25 March 2008.
__________. (2008) “China’s Relations with Mozambique: A Mixed Blessing,”
Online Africa Policy Forum (2 January). See at
http://forums.csis.org/africa/?p=97. Accessed 13 November 2008.
__________. (2008) “The Changing Nature of Chinese Business in Africa: The
Case of Cape Verde,” RSIS Commentaries (17 January). See at
www.edu.sg/publications/Perspectives/RSIS0082008.pdf. Accessed 13
November 2008.

__________. (2008) “The Zambezi Valley: China’s First Agricultural Colony?”
Online Africa Policy Forum (9 June). See at
http://forums.csis.org/africa/?p=120. Accessed 13 November 2008).
Horvath, Janos. (1976) Chinese Technology Transfer to the Third World: A Grants
Economy Analysis. New York: Praeger.
Houser, Trevor. (2008) “The Roots of Chinese Oil Investment Abroad,” Asia
Policy, no. 5 (January), pp. 141-166. See at
http://nbr.org/publications/asia_policy/AP5/AP5_Houser.pdf. Accessed
24 March 2008.
Howe, Russell Warren. (1971) “A Suitor Amid Chaperons: China Bids for
Africa,” New Leader, 54 (23), pp. 9-11.
Hsiao, L.C. Russell. (2008) “Chinese Soldiers and Arms Exports Embroiled in
Zimbabwe’s Electoral Impasse,” China Brief, 8 (9), pp. 1-2.
Hsiaopong Liu. (2006) “The Making of an Artificial Power: American Money
and ‘Chinese’ Technicians on African Soil, 1961-1971.” PhD diss., University of
Chicago.
Hsu, Elisabeth. (2002) “‘The Medicine from China Has Rapid Effects’: Chinese
Medicine Patients in Tanzania,” Anthropology & Medicine, 9 (3), pp. 291-313.
__________. (2007) “Zanzibar and Its Chinese Communities,” Population, Space
and Place, 13 (2), pp. 113-124.
Huang Zequan. (2006) “Extending a Hand,” Beijing Review 49 (8), pp. 12-13.
Hubbard, Paul. (2007) “Aiding Transparency: What We Can Learn about
China Exim Bank’s Concessional Loans,” Center for Global Development Working
Paper Number 126 (September), pp. 1-17.
Hull, Richard W. (1972) “China in Africa,” Issue: A Journal of Opinion, 2 (3),
pp. 49-50.
Human Rights First. (2008) “Investing in Tragedy: China’s Money, Arms, and
Politics in Sudan,” (March), pp. 1-46. See at
www.humanrightsfirst.info/pdf/080311-cah-investing-in-tragedy-report.pdf.
Human Rights Watch. (2003) “China’s Involvement in Sudan: Arms and Oil,”
(November). See at www.hrw.org/reports/2003.sudan1103/26.htm.
Humbaraci, Arslan. (1964) “Peking’s African Limits,” Far Eastern Economic
Review, 46 (12), pp. 571-573.
Hunt, Michael H. (1996) The Genesis of Chinese Communist Foreign Policy. New
York: Columbia University Press.

Hurst, Cindy. (2006) “China’s Oil Rush in Africa,” Institute for the Analysis of
Global Security (July), pp. 1-22. See at
http://leav-www.army.mil/fmso/documents/chinainafrica.pdf. Accessed
23 December 2008.
Huse, Martine Dahle and Stephen L. Muyakwa. (2008) “China in Africa:
Lending, Policy Space and Governance,” report published by the Norwegian
Campaign for Debt Cancellation and the Norwegian Council for Africa, pp. 1-54.
See at www.eldis.org/go/country-profiles&id=35901&type=Document.
Hutchison, Alan. (1975) “China in Africa: A Record of Pragmatism and
Conservatism,” The Round Table, 65 (259), pp. 263-271.
__________. (1975) “China and Africa,” Afrika Spectrum, 10 (1), pp. 5-12.
__________. (1975) China’s African Revolution. London: Hutchinson.
Hyden, Goran. (1967-1968) “Mao and Mwalimu: The Soldier and the Teacher
as Revolutionary,” Transition, no. 34, pp. 24-30.
__________ and Rwekaza Mukandala. (1999) Agencies in Foreign Aid:
Comparing China, Sweden and the United States in Tanzania. London: Macmillan.
Hyer, Eric. (1992) “China’s Arms Merchants: Profits in Command,” China
Quarterly, no. 132 (December), pp. 1101-1118.
Idun-Arkhurst, Isaac and James Laing. (2007) “The Impact of the Chinese
Presence in Africa,” Africapractice report. See at
www.davidandassociates.co.uk/davidandblog/newwork/China_in_Africa_
5.pdf. Accessed 13 December 2008.
Ingrams, W.H. (1931) “Visitors from the Far East,” in Zanzibar: Its History and
Its People by W.H. Ingrams. New York: Barnes and Noble, pp. 86-95.
International Crisis Group. (2008) China’s Thirst for Oil. Asia Report no. 153 (9
June), pp. 1-45.
International Monetary Fund. (2007) Direction of Trade Statistics Yearbook.
Washington, D.C.
Ismael, Tareq Y. (1971) “The People’s Republic of China and Africa,” Journal of
Modern African Studies, 9 (4), pp. 507-529.
Jackson, Steven F. (1995) “China’s Third World Foreign Policy: The Case of
Angola and Mozambique,” The China Quarterly, no. 142 (June), pp. 388-422.
Jacoby, Ulrich. (2007) “Getting Together: The New Partnership between China
and Africa for Aid and Trade,” Finance and Development, 44 (2). See at
www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2007/06/jacoby.htm. Accessed 30
November 2008.

Jakobson, Linda and Zha Daojiong. (2006) “China and the Worldwide Search
for Oil Security,” Asia-Pacific Review, 13 (2), pp. 60-73.
Jenkins, Rhys and Chris Edwards. (2006) “The Asian Drivers and Sub-Saharan
Africa,” Institute of Development Studies Bulletin, 37 (1), pp. 23-32.
__________. (2006) “The Economic Impacts of China and India on Sub-Saharan
Africa: Trends and Prospects,” Journal of Asian Economics, 17, pp. 207-225.
Jensen, Hans Grinstead and Ron Sandrey. (2006) “A Possible SACU/China
Free Trade Agreement (FTA): Implications for the South African
Manufacturing Sector,” TRALAC Working Paper, no. 8 (July), pp. 1-25. See at
www.tralac.org/pdf/20060829_JensenSandrey_SACU-
China_FTAManufacturing.pdf. Accessed 25 March 2008.
Jesman, Czeslaw. (1964) “The Chinese in Africa,” Atlas (January). pp. 16-20.
Jian Junbo. (2007) “China’s Role in Africa,” Beijing Review, 50 (6), pp. 14-15.
Jian Zhang and Jianbang Gan. “Who Will Meet China’s Import Demand for
Forest Products?” World Development, 35 (12), pp. 2150-2160.
Jiang, Chung-lian. (2004) “Oil: A New Dimension in Sino-African Relations,”
African Geopolitics, no. 14 (Spring), pp. 65-77.
__________. (2006) “China’s African Policy,” African Geopolitics, no. 23 (July-
September), pp. 223-242.
__________. (2006) “Les Relations de la Chine avec l’Afrique: Fondements,
Réalitiés et Perspectives,” Monde Chinois, no.8 (Été/Automne), pp. 7-26.
Jian-Ye Wang. (2007) “What Drives China’s Growing Role in Africa?” IMF
Working Paper WP/07/211 (August), pp. 1-30. See at
www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2007/wp07211.pdf. Accessed 22 March
2008.
__________ and Abdoulaye Bio-Tchané (2008) “Africa’s Burgeoning Ties with
China,” Finance and Development, 45 (1), pp. 44-47.
Jianjun Tu. (2008) “Sino-African Relations: Historical Development and Long-
term Challenges,” China: An International Journal, 6 (2), pp. 330-343.
Jieman Yang. (2006) International System in Changing and Shaping World’s Trends
and China’s Responses. Shanghai: Shanghai Institute for International Studies.
Jin Liangxiang. (2004) “Sino-Arab Relations: New Developments and Trends,”
Middle East Policy, 11 (4), pp. 113-121.
Jin Yongjian. (2005) “Talking Points on China’s Foreign Policy,” African
Renaissance, 2 (4), pp. 30-35.

Jing Gu, John Humphrey, and Dirk Messner. (2008) “Global Governance and
Developing Countries: The Implications of the Rise of China,” World
Development, 36 (2), pp. 274-292.
Jung-Pang Lo. (1955) “The Emergence of China as a Sea Power during the Late
Sung and Early Yüan Periods,” The Far Eastern Quarterly (pre-1986), 14 (4),
pp. 489-503.
Junhua Zhang. (2008) “China’s Go-Out-Strategy and its Impact on the CSR
Practice of Chinese Enterprises in Africa,” unpublished remarks at the 28
April conference in Washington on China-Africa relations sponsored by the
American Foreign Policy Council and the Heinrich Böll Foundation.
Kampf, David. (2007) “China’s Rise and the Implications for International
Human Rights,” China Rights Forum, no. 2, pp. 43-46. See at
http://hrichina.org/public/PDFs/CRF.1.2007/CRF-2007-1_complete.pdf.
Kaplan, Robert. (2009) “Center Stage for the Twenty-first Century,” Foreign
Affairs, 88 (2), pp. 16-32.
Kaplinsky, Raphael. (2008) “What Does the Rise of China Do for
Industrialisation in Sub-Saharan Africa?” Review of African Political Economy,
35 (115), pp. 7-22.
__________. (2008) “China and the Terms of Trade: The Challenge to
Development Strategy in SSA,” unpublished paper prepared for conference at
Mount Holyoke (March). See at
www.mtholyoke.edu/global/assets/CGI/Kaplinsky_Holyoke_March_08_v1.pdf.
__________ and Dirk Messner. (2008) “Introduction: The Impact of Asian
Drivers on the Developing World,” World Development, 36 (2), pp. 197-209.
__________, Dorothy McCormick and Mike Morris. (2006) “The Impact of
China on Sub Saharan Africa,” unpublished paper prepared for DFID,
pp. 1-38.
Kaur, Harmala. (1977) “China and the Angolan National Liberation
Movement,” China Report, 13 (4), pp. 19-33.
Keenan, Patrick J. (2008) “Curse or Cure? China, Africa, and the Effects of
Unconditioned Wealth,” online paper. See at
http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&context=patrick
_keenan. Accessed 1 June 2008.
Keita, Maghan. (2005) “Africans and Asians: Historiography and the Long
View of Global Interaction,” Journal of World History, 16 (1), pp. 1-30.

Kent, Ann. (1995) “China and the International Human Rights Regime: A
Case Study of Multilateral Monitoring, 1989-1994,” Human Rights Quarterly, 17
(1), pp. 1-47.
Kerblay, Basile. (1960) “L’Impact des Modèles ‘Economique’ Sovietique et
Chinois sur le Tier Monde,” Politique Etrangère, no. 4, pp. 332-354.
Kernen, Antoine. (2007) “Les Stratégies Chinoises en Afrique: Du Pétrole aux
Bassines en Plastique,” Politique Africaine, no. 105 (March), pp. 163-180.
Kerr, Malcolm H. (1965) “The Middle East and China: The Scope and Limits of
Convergent Interests,” in Policies toward China: Views from Six Continents by
A.M. Halpern (ed.). New York: McGraw–Hill, pp. 437-456.
Khalili, Joseph E. (1968) “Sino-Arab Relations,” Asian Survey, 8 (8), pp. 678-690.
__________. (1970) “Communist China and the United Arab Republic,” Asian
Survey, 10 (4), pp. 308-319.
Kinfe Abraham. (2005) China Comes to Africa: The Political Economy and
Diplomatic History of China’s Relation with Africa. Addis Ababa: Ethiopian
International Institute for Peace and Development.
King, Kenneth. (2006) “China’s Partnership Discourse with Africa,”
unpublished paper presented at 16-17 October conference in South Africa
hosted by NEPAD, pp. 1-13. See at
http://saiia.org.za/images/upload/King_Chinese_Aid.pdf. Accessed 13
April 2008.
__________. (2007) “Aid within the Wider China-Africa Partnership: A View
from the Beijing Summit,” unpublished paper, pp. 1-19. See at
www.cctr.ust.hk/china-africa/papers/King,Kenneth.pdf. Accessed 29 March
2008.
__________. (2007) “China’s Aid to Africa: A View from China and Japan,”
unpublished paper, pp. 1-13. See abstract at www.jica.go.jp/jica-
ri/topics/archives/jica/2007/docs/070129_03.pdf. Accessed 15 December
2008. Full paper available from JICA upon request.
__________. (2007) “China’s Ambitious Training Aid for Africa: Implications
for the Mainland—And for Hong Kong?” unpublished paper, pp. 1-11. See at
www.hku.hk/cerc/KK-article/8.China’s.training.aid.King.2007c.pdf.
Accessed 14 December 2008.
__________. (2007) “The Beijing China-Africa Summit of 2006: The New
Pledges of Aid to Education in Africa,” China Report, 43 (3), pp. 337-347.
Kitissou, Marcel. (2005) “China and Africa: Neither Friends nor Enemies,”
African Renaissance, 2 (4), pp. 64-69.
__________ (ed.). (2007) Africa in China’s Global Strategy. London: Adonis &
Abbey.
Klare, Michael and Daniel Volman. (2006) “The African ‘Oil Rush’ and US
National Security,” Third World Quarterly, 27 (4), pp. 609-628.
__________. (2006) “America, China and the Scramble for Africa’s Oil,” Review
of African Political Economy, 33 (108), pp. 297-309.
Klein, Donald W. (1963) “Formosa’s Diplomatic World,” The China Quarterly,
no. 15 (July-September), pp. 45-50.
__________. (1964) “Peking’s Diplomats in Africa,” Current Scene, 2 (36), pp. 1-9.
Kleine-Ahlbrandt, Stephanie and Andrew Small. (2007) “China, the Unlikely
Human Rights Champion,” Policy Innovations (14 February). See at
www.policyinnovations.org/ideas/commentary/data/HumanRightsChamp
ion. Accessed 23 March 2008.
__________. (2008) “China’s New Dictatorship Diplomacy,” Foreign Affairs, 87 (1),
pp. 38-56.
Knight, John. (1998) “The Labour Market and its Reform in Southern Africa
and China: Similarities and Contrasts,” in Africa Beyond 2000 by Institute of
West Asian and African Studies (ed.). Beijing: Chinese Academy of Social
Sciences, pp. 165-181.
Komesaroff, Michael. (2008) “China Eyes Congo’s Treasures,” Far Eastern
Economic Review, 171 (3), pp. 38-41.
Kong Minghui. (1998) “Sino-African Relations and China’s Policy towards
Africa,” in Africa Beyond 2000 by Institute of West Asian and African Studies.
Beijing: Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (ed.), pp. 378-392.
Konings, Piet. (2007) “China and Africa: Building a Strategic Partnership,”
Journal of Developing Societies, 23 (3), pp. 341-367.
__________. (2007) “China and Africa in the Era of Neo-liberal Globalisation,”
CODESRIA Bulletin, nos. 1 and 2, pp. 17-22.
Kornegay, Francis A. (2007) “Africa’s Engagement with China from a
Diplomatic Perspective,” unpublished paper, pp. 1-17.
Kotecki, Stephanie L. (2008) “The Human Rights Costs of China’s Arms Sales
to Sudan—A Violation of International Law on Two Fronts,” Pacific Rim Law
and Policy Journal, 17 (1), pp. 209-235.
Kozak, Robert and Kerstin Canby. (2007) “Why China Prefers Logs:
Explaining the Prevalence of Unprocessed Wood in China’s Timber Imports,”
Information Bulletin: China and East Asia (Forest Trends), issue 9 (October),
pp. 1-5. See at www.forest-trends.org/documents/misc/CHEAP/CEAIB%
20Issue%209%20Oct%2007%20-%20Why%20Logs%20(English).pdf. Accessed
24 March 2008.

Kragelund, Peter. (2008) “The Return of Non-DAC Donors to Africa: New
Prospects for African Development?” Development Policy Review, 26 (5),
555-584.
Krasilnikov, A. (1981) “Peking’s Treacherous Course and the Liberation
Struggle in Southern Africa,” Far Eastern Affairs, no. 2, pp. 64-73.
Kuada, John. (2005) “Learning from Asia: Chinese Investment Inflows to
Africa and Their Possible Impact on African Management Practices,” African
Renaissance, 2 (4), pp. 36-41.
Kuei-Sheng Chang. (1974) “The Maritime Scene in China at the Dawn of Great
European Discoveries,” Journal of the American Oriental Society, 94 (3),
pp. 347-359.
Kumar, Suresh. (2007) “Globalization and China Economic Policies towards
Africa: Emerging China-Eritrea Bilateral Relations,” Eritrea Profile, 14 (28-29 &
31). See at www.africaindia.org/chafr.htm. Accessed 27 April 2008.
Kuo, Warren (ed.). (1976) Foreign-Policy Speeches by Chinese Communist Leaders
1963-1975. Taipei: Institute of International Relations.
Kurlantzick, Joshua. (2006) “Beijing’s Safari: China’s Move into Africa and Its
Implications for Aid, Development, and Governance,” Carnegie Endowment
Policy Outlook (November), pp. 1-7. www.carnegieendowment.org/
files/kurlantzick_outlook_africa2.pdf. Accessed 25 March 2008.
__________. (2007) Charm Offensive: How China’s Soft Power Is Transforming the
World. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
__________, David Shinn and Minxin Pei. (2006) “China’s Africa Strategy: A
New Approach to Development and Diplomacy?” Carnegie Endowment for
International Peace Forum (12 December). See at
www.carnegieendowment.org/events/index.cfm?fa=print&id=941.
Kwaa Prah, Kwesi. (2007) “China and Africa: Defining a Relationship,”
Development, 50 (3), pp. 69-75.
__________ (ed.) (2007) Afro-Chinese Relations: Past, Present and Future. Cape
Town: Centre for Advanced Studies of African Society.
Kynoch, Gary. (2003) “Controlling the Coolies: Chinese Mineworkers and the
Struggle for Labor in South Africa, 1904-1910,” International Journal of African
Historical Studies, 36 (2), pp. 309-329.
__________. (2005) “‘Your Petitioners Are in Mortal Terror’: The Violent World
of Chinese Mineworkers in South Africa, 1904-1910,” Journal of Southern
African Studies, 31 (3), pp. 531-546.

Lafargue, François. (2005) “China’s Presence in Africa,” China Perspectives, no.
61 (September-October). See at
www.cefc.com.hk/uk/pc/articles/art_ligne.php?num_art_ligne=6101.
__________. (2005) “États-Unis, Inde, Chine: Rivalités Pétrolières en Afrique,”
Afrique Contemporaine, 2005/4 (216), pp. 43-56.
__________. (2006) “La Chine: Stratègies d’Influence en Côte d’Ivoire,” Monde
Chinois, no. 8 (Été/Automne), pp. 39-48.
__________. (2007) “La Rivalité entre la Chine et l’Inde en Afrique Australe,”
Afrique Contemporaine, 2007/2 (222), pp. 167-179.
__________. (2008) “La France devant la Présence Chinoise en Afrique,”
Défense Nationale et Sécurité Collective, 63 (7), pp. 33-40.
Lai, Hongyi Harry. (2007) “China’s Oil Diplomacy: Is It a Global Security
Threat?” Third World Quarterly, 28 (3), pp. 519-537.
Lai, I-Chung. “Taiwan Examines Its Policies of Diplomacy,” China Brief, 6 (20),
pp. 7-9.
Laïdi, Zaki. (1990) The Super-powers and Africa: The Constraints of a Rivalry 1960-
1990. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lammers, Ellen. (2007) “China and Africa: How Will the Beijing Consensus
Benefit Africa?” The Broker, issue 1 (April). See at
www.thebrokeronline.eu/en/layout/set/print/articles/how_will_the_beijin
g_consensus_benefit_africa. Accessed 2 April 2008.
Lancaster, Carol. (2007) “The Chinese Aid System,” Center for Global
Development Essay (June), pp. 1-7. See at
www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/13953/. Accessed 6 June 2008.
Land, Thomas. (1968) “China’s African Line,” Transition, no. 36, pp. 58-59.
__________. (1968) “China’s African Railway,” Contemporary Review, 213
(1225), pp. 24-27.
Lang, Nicolas. (1965) “Les Chinois à Brazzaville,” Est et Ouest, no. 343 (1-15
June), pp. 1-3.
__________. (1965) “‘Journalistes’ Chinois en Afrique Noire,” Est et Ouest, no.
349 (16-31 October), p. 32. English translation available in JPRS Translations on
Africa, 34 (32902) no. 286, pp. 11-13.
Large, Daniel. (2007) “China and African Development: Exploring ‘Post-War’
Dimensions,” presentation at UCLA workshop, 27 April, pp. 1-4. See at
www.globalization-africa.org/papers/78.pdf. Accessed 18 April 2008.

__________. (2007) “China and the Changing Context of Development in
Sudan,” Development, 50 (3), pp. 57-62.
__________. (2008) “Beyond ‘Dragon in the Bush’: The Study of China-Africa
Relations,” African Affairs, 107 (426), pp. 45-61.
__________. (2008) “China and the Contradictions of ‘Non-interference’ in
Sudan,” Review of African Political Economy. 35 (115), 93-106.
__________. (2008) “China’s Role in the Mediation and Resolution of Conflict
in Africa,” Oslo Forum 2008: Background Papers, Centre for Humanitarian
Dialogue, pp. 35-41.
__________. (2008) “Sudan’s Foreign Relations with Asia: China and the
Politics of ‘Looking East’.” Institute for Security Studies Paper 158 (February),
pp. 1-18.
Larkin, Bruce D. (1971) China and Africa 1949-1970: The Foreign Policy of the
People’s Republic of China. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
__________. (1971) “China and Africa: A Prospective on the 1970s,” Africa
Today, 18 (3), pp. 1-11.
Larmer, Miles. (2008) “The Zimbabwe Arms Shipment Campaign,” Review of
African Political Economy, 35 (117), pp. 486-493.
Law Yu Fai. (1984) Chinese Foreign Aid: A Study of its Nature and Goals with
Particular Reference to the Foreign Policy and World View of the People’s Republic of
China, 1950-1982. Saarbrücken: Verlag Breitenbach Publishers.
Lawrance, Alan. (1975) China’s Foreign Relations since 1949. London: Routledge
and Kegan Paul.
Lawson, Eugene K. (1980) “China’s Policy in Ethiopia and Angola” in Soviet
and Chinese Aid to African Nations by Warren Weinstein and Thomas H.
Henriksen (eds.). New York: Praeger, pp. 167-182.
Leday, William. (2007) “Dimensions Politique du Partenariat Stratégique
Chine-Afrique,” Défense Nationale et Sécurité Collective, 63 (1), pp. 95-102.
Lee, Deng-ker. (1994) “Peking’s Middle East Policy in the Post-Cold War Era,”
Lee, Margaret C. (2006) “The 21st Century Scramble for Africa,” Journal of
Contemporary African Studies, 24 (3), pp. 303-330.
__________. (2007) “Uganda-China Relations in the 21st Century,”
presentation at UCLA workshop, 27 April, pp. 1-3. See at www.globalization-
africa.org/papers/81.pdf. Accessed 6 June 2008.
__________, Henning Melber, Sanusha Naidu and Ian Taylor. (2007) China in
Africa. Current African Issues no. 35. Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet.

Legault, Ghislain. (2008) “Africa’s Newest Friends,” China Rights Forum, no. 1,
pp. 40-42.
Legum Colin. (1964) “Pan-Africanism, The Communists and The West,”
African Affairs, 63 (252), pp. 186-196.
__________. (1965) “Africa and China: Symbolism and Substance,” in Policies
toward China: Views from Six Continents by A.M. Halpern (ed.). New York:
McGraw-Hill, pp. 389-436.
__________. (1965) “Peking’s Strategic Priorities,” Africa Report, 10 (1),
pp. 19-21.
__________. (1976) “The Soviet Union, China and the West in Southern
Africa,” Foreign Affairs, 54 (4), pp. 745-762.
__________. (1982) “Sino-Soviet Rivalry in Africa” in China, the Soviet Union,
and the West by Douglas T. Stuart and William T. Tow (eds.). Boulder, CO:
Westview Press, pp. 201-212.
__________. (1983) “Gong Dafei, Vice-Foreign Minister for African Affairs, the
People’s Republic of China: Interview,” Africa Report (March-April), pp. 20-22.
__________. (1992) “The Postcommunist Third World: Focus on Africa,”
Problems of Communism, 41 (1-2), pp. 195-206.
Legvold, Robert. (1975) “Soviet and Chinese Influence in Black Africa” in
Soviet and Chinese Influence in the Third World by Alvin Z. Rubinstein (ed.). New
York: Praeger, pp. 154-175.
Lei, David. (2008) “China’s New Multi-Faceted Maritime Strategy,” Orbis, 52
(1), pp. 139-157.
Lemos, Anabela and Daniel Ribeiro. (2007) “A New Colonial Power in
Mozambique,” International Rivers (17 September). See at
http://internationalrivers.org/en/node/1887. Accessed 13 November 2008.
Lessing, Pieter. (1962) Africa’s Red Harvest: An Account of Communism in Africa.
New York: John Day.
Levathes, Louise. (1994) When China Ruled the Sea: The Treasure Fleet of the
Dragon Throne 1405-1433. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lewis, Joanna I. (2007-2008) “China’s Strategic Priorities in International
Climate Change Negotiations,” The Washington Quarterly, 31 (1), pp. 155-174.
Lewis, Peter. (2006) “China in Africa,” SAISphere (winter). See at www.sais-
jhu.edu/pubaffairs/publications/saisphere/winter06/lewis.html. Accessed
23 March 2008.
Li Anshan. (2005) “African Studies in China in the Twentieth Century: A
Historiographical Survey,” African Studies Review, 48 (1), pp. 59-87.

__________. (2006) “Transformation of China’s Policy towards Africa,” Center
on China’s Transitional Relations Working Paper No. 20, pp. 1-24. See at
www.cctr.ust.hk/articles/pdf/WorkingPaper20_LiAnshan.pdf. Accessed 22
March 2008.
__________. (2007) “China and Africa: Policy and Challenges,” China Security,
3 (3), pp. 69-93.
__________. (2007) “China’s Policy towards Africa: Continuity and Change,”
power point presentation delivered in Tokyo 29 January. See at
www.jica.go.jp/jica-ri/topics/archives/jica/2007/docs/070129_01.pdf.
Li Baoping. (2006) “On the Issues Concerned with China-Africa Education
Cooperation,” unpublished paper presented at a workshop on China-Africa in
Hong Kong 11-12 November, pp. 1-13. See at www.cctr.ust.hk/china-africa/.
Li Liqing. (2006) “Chinese Communist Party’s Contacts with African Political
Parties: A History and Status Quo (in Chinese),” West Asia and Africa, no. 3
(May-June), pp. 16-19.
Li Peng. (1984) “Vice Premier Li on Sino-African Relations,” Beijing Review, 27
(28), pp. 16-17.
Li Shaoxian and Tang Zhichao. (2007) “China and the Middle East,”
Contemporary International Relations, 17 (1), pp. 22-31.
Li Xiaoyun. (2008) “China’s Foreign Aid and Aid to Africa: Overview,” power
point presentation. See at www.oecd.org/dataoecd/27/7/40378067.pdf.
__________. (2008) “China’s Foreign Aid to Africa,” unpublished paper,
pp. 1-28. See at www.iprcc.org.cn/ppt/2008-05-13/1210662570.pdf. Accessed
23 December 2008.
Li Xing. (2003) “The Power of Logo: The Implication of the Chinese Revolution
on Pan-Africanism,” Tinabantu: Journal of African National Affairs, 1 (2),
pp. 36-51.
Li, Yan. (2007) “China and the United States Turn Swords into Plowshares in
Africa,” Washington Observer, issue 210. See at
www.washingtonobserver.org/en/document.cfm?documentid=84&charid=3.
Li Zhibiao. (2007) “How African States Can Learn China’s Experiences of
Development (in Chinese),” West Asia and Africa, no. 4 (April), pp. 49-54.
Liang-Tsai, Wei. (1982) Peking Versus Taipei in Africa 1960-1978. Taipei: Asia
and World Institute.

Liao Cheng-chih. (1960) “Liao Cheng-chih’s Speech,” Peking Review, 3 (13),
pp. 11-13.
Li-Chengwen. (2007) “Interview with Li-Chengwen, Chinese Ambassador to
Sudan,” Sudan Vision (Khartoum), (30 October). See at
www.sudanvisiondaily.com/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=275
43. Accessed 24 March 2008.
Lifan Li. (2007) “South-South Cooperation: Some Thoughts on the 2006 Sino-
African Summit,” Asian Journal of Global Studies, 1 (1), pp. 30-31.
Lin, Bih-jaw. (1982) “Communist China’s Foreign Policy in Africa: A Historical
Review,” Issues and Studies, 17 (2), pp. 31-53.
__________. (1986) “Peking’s Ideology and Policies in Southern Africa,” Issues
and Studies, 22 (3), pp. 126-140.
Lin, Teh-chang. (1995) “Problems in the Study of Beijing’s Foreign Aid,” Issues
and Studies, 31 (7), pp. 66-78.
Lin, Yung-lo. (1989) “Peking’s African Policy in the 1980s,” Issues and Studies,
25 (4), pp. 76-96.
Ling, Bonny. (2007) “China’s Peacekeeping Diplomacy,” China Rights Forum,
no. 1, pp. 47-49. See at http://hrichina.org/public/PDFs/CRF.1.2007/CRF-
2007-1_complete.pdf.
Liu, Alan P.L. (1972) “Ideology and Information: Correspondents of the New
China News Agency and Chinese Foreign Policy Making,” Journal of
International Affairs, 26 (2), pp. 131-145.
Liu Guijin. (2004) “China-Africa Relations: Equality, Cooperation and Mutual
Development,” 9 November 2004 presentation at a seminar organized by the
Institute for Security Studies in South Africa.
__________. (2005) “All-weather Friends in Need and Indeed: China-Africa
Relations Seen from the Eyes of a Chinese Diplomat,” African Renaissance, 2 (4),
pp. 10-19.
__________. (2006) “China’s Role in Meeting Africa’s Developmental Needs,”
speech delivered to conference in South Africa 16-17 October hosted by
NEPAD, pp. 1-6. See at
http://saiia.org.za/images/upload/Guijin_Presentation.pdf. Accessed 12
April 2008.
__________. (2007) “Briefing on China-Africa Relations,” account of briefing
organized by the United Nations Office of the Special Adviser on Africa on 10
September. See at
www.un.org/africa/osaa/press/China%20Africa%20Briefing%20September
%202007.pdf. Accessed 27 April 2008.

__________. (2007) “Vision for Darfur,” Beijing Review, 50 (33), pp. 12-13.
__________. (2008) “Darfur and Sino-African Relations,” Chatham House
transcript (22 February), pp. 1-6. See at
www.chathamhouse.org.uk/files/11105_220208guijin.pdf. Accessed 24
March 2008.
Liu Lide. (2001) “Lasting Sino-African Friendship,” Africa Insight, 31 (2),
pp. 35-38.
Liu, Phillip. (2001) “Cross-Strait Scramble for Africa: A Hidden Agenda in
China-Africa Cooperation Forum,” Harvard Asia Quarterly, 5 (2). See at
www.asiaquarterly.com/view/103/40/. Accessed 10 April 2008.
Liu Yumei. (2007) “China’s Soft Power and the Development of China-Africa
Relations,” China International Studies, no. 7 (summer), pp. 81-96.
London, Kurt. (1962) “Communism in Africa: III The Role of China,” Problems
of Communism, 11 (4), pp. 22-27.
Lorenz, Andreas and Thilo Thielke. (2007) “China’s Conquest of Africa,”
Spiegel Online (30 May). See at
www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,druck-484603,00.html.
Lowenstein, Allard K. (2006) “An Analysis of Select Companies’ Operations in
Sudan: A Resource for Divestment,” study prepared for the International
Human Rights Project, Yale Law School, pp. 1-49. See at
http://inosphere.com/Sudan/docs/Yale_Lowenstein_Updated_Report.pdf.
Lowenthal, Richard. (1963) “China” in Africa and the Communist World by
Zbigniew Brzezinski (ed.). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press,
pp. 142-203.
_________. (1977) Model or Ally? The Communist Powers and the Developing
Countries. New York: Oxford University Press.
Lumumba-Kasongo, Tukumbi. (2007) “China-Africa Relations in the Post-
Cold War Era: Dialectics of Rethinking South-South Dialogue,” CODESRIA
Bulletin, nos. 1 and 2, pp. 8-16.
Luo Jianbo. (2006) “Advancing China’s Multilateral Diplomacy in Africa,”
Lupo Raveloarimanana, Monique. (2002) “Les Métis Sino-Malgaches de
Madagascar,” Annuaire de l’Océan Indien, 17, pp. 159-175.
Ly-Tio-Fane Pineo, Huguette. (1985) Chinese Diaspora in Western Indian Ocean.
Bell Village, Mauritius: Editions de l’Océan Indien – Chinese Catholic Mission.

Lyakurwa, William. (2008) “American and Chinese Activities in Africa – and
African Priorities for the Future,” Brenthurst Discussion Paper, 6/2008, pp. 1-28.
See at
s/BD0806_Lyakurwa_China_US_Africa.pdf. Accessed 17 August 2008.
Lyman, Princeton. (2005) “China’s Rising Role in Africa,” testimony before the
US-China Economic and Security Review Commission on 21 July, pp. 1-7. See at
www.uscc.gov/hearings/2005hearings/written_testimonies/05_07_21wrts/l
yman_princeton_wrts.php. Accessed 19 April 2008.
__________. (2006) “China’s Involvement in Africa: A View from the US,”
Lyons, Roy. (1978) “The USSR, China and the Horn of Africa,” Review of
African Political Economy, no. 12 (May-August), pp. 5-30.
Ma Mung, Emmanuel. (2008) “Chinese Migration and China’s Foreign Policy
in Africa,” Journal of Chinese Overseas, 4 (1), pp. 91-109.
Magenheim, Gordon S. (2007) “Chinese Influence on U.S. Operational Access
to African Seaports,” Joint Force Quarterly, issue 45 (2nd quarter), pp. 22-27.
Mahmoud, Yahia M. (2007) Chinese Development Assistance and West African
Agriculture: A Shifting Approach to Foreign Aid? Lund, Sweden: Lund
University.
Malemba N’Sakila, Gilbert. (2008) “The Chinese Presence in Lubumbashi,
DRC,” The China Monitor, issue 34 (October), pp. 7-10.
Manckasa, Come. (1965) “Chinese Communist Penetration in Africa,” La
Semaine (translated from French), 14 (682), pp. 1 and 8. JPRS Translations on
Africa, 32 (32647) no. 279, pp. 1-9.
Manji, Firoze. (2008) “China Still a Small Player in Africa,” Pambazuka News (27
March). See at www.pambazuka.org/en/category/features/46990. Accessed
30 March 2008.
__________ and Stephen Marks (eds.). (2007) African Perspectives on China in
Africa. Cape Town: Fahamu South Africa.
Manyeruke, Charity. (2006) “The Impact of Chinese Products on Zimbabwean
Women,” Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review, 22 (2), pp. 85-106.
Mao Tse-Tung. (1960) Chairman Mao Tse-Tung’s Important Talks with Guests
from Asia, Africa and Latin America, Peking: Foreign Languages Press, pp. 1-10.
Mao Yufeng. (2007) “China’s Interests and Strategy in the Middle East and Arab
World” in China and the Developing World by Joshua Eisenman, Eric
Heginbotham and Derek Mitchell (eds.). Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, pp. 113-132.

Marafa, Lawal M. (2007) “Africa’s Business and Development Relationship
with China: Seeking Moral and Capital Values of the Last Economic Frontier,”
paper presented at African Economic Conference in Addis Ababa 15-17
November, pp. 1-28. See at
www.uneca.org/aec/documents/Lawal%20M%20Marafa.pdf. Accessed 27
March 2008.
Marchal, Roland. (2006) “Chine-Afrique: Une Histoire Ancienne,” Africultures,
no. 66 (January-February), pp. 23-31.
Marchand, Jean. (1964) “La Chine Populaire et l’Afrique Noire,” Revue de
Défense Nationale (October), pp. 1552-1566.
Marklund, Klas and Karin Odqvist. (2008) “Perspectives on Africa Today: A
Swedish-Chinese-African Dialogue,” report on conference organized by The
Institute for Security and Development Policy and The Dag Hammarskjöld
Foundation, 14-15 February. See at
www.isdp.eu/files/publications/cr/08/Marklund0804.pdf. Accessed 27
April 2008.
Marks, Stephen. (2006) “China in Africa – the New Imperialism?” Asia Times
Online. See at http://forum.atimes.com/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=6154.
__________. (2008) “Africa: China’s Mythical Military Menace,” Allafrica.com
(30 October). See at http://allafrica.com/stories/200810310729.html.
__________. (2008) “China and the Great Global Landgrab,” Pambazuka News
(11 December). See at
December 2008.
__________. (2008) “What Does China Think?” Pambazuka News (26 March).
See at www.pambazuka.org/en/category/comment/46949. Accessed 30
March 2008.
__________. (2009) “China Sails into Uncharted Waters,” Pambazuka News (5
March). See at www.pambazuka.org/en/category/africa_china/54578.
__________ and Sanusha Naidu. (2009) “Forging a New China-Africa
Consensus?” Pambazuka News (19 February). See at
February 2009.

Marson, Harry C. (2008) “Wooing the Dark Continent: U.S. and China
Engagement Strategy in Africa, Is It Complimentary or Competition,”
monograph prepared at U.S. Army Command and General Staff College.
See at
www.dtic.mil/cgibin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA485559&Location=UZ&doc=GetT
RDoc.pdf. Accessed 17 December 2008. .
Martelli, George A. and Richard V. Allen. (1966) “Sino-Soviet Rivalry and
Southern Africa,” in Sino-Soviet Rivalry: Implications for U.S. Policy by Clement
J. Zablocki (ed.). New York: Praeger, pp. 125-135.
Masannat, George S. (1966) “Sino-Arab Relations,” Asian Survey, 6 (4),
pp. 216-226.
Maswana, Jean-Claude. (2007) “China-Africa’s Emerging Economic Links: A
Review under the Core-Periphery Perspective,” paper presented at the
Annual Conference of the World Association for Political Economy, Shimane,
Japan (27-28 October), pp. 1-18. See at
http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5520/. Accessed 17 April 2008.
Matahwa, Obert. (2007) “China and Zimbabwe: Is There a Future?” Africa
Files, no. 4 (November). See at
www.africafiles.org/printableversion.asp?id=16426. Accessed 28 March 2008.
Mathew, Gervase. (1956) “Chinese Porcelain in East Africa and on the Coast of
South Arabia,” Oriental Art, 2 (2), pp. 50-55.
Mathur, Girish. (1978) China in Africa. New Delhi: Kalamkar Prakashan.
Mawdsley, Emma. (2007) “China and Africa: Emerging Challenges to the
Geographies of Power,” Geography Compass, 1 (3), pp. 405-421.
__________. (2008) “Fu Manchu versus Dr Livingstone in the Dark Continent?
Representing China, Africa and the West in British Broadsheet Newspapers,”
Political Geography, 27 (5), pp. 509-29.
Mayall, James. (1977) “Soviet and Chinese Policies in Africa,” International
Affairs Bulletin, 1 (1), pp. 1-13.
Mazrui, Ali. (1973) “The Yellow Man’s Burden? Race and Revolution in Sino-
African Relations,” in China and the World Community by Ian Wilson (ed.).
Sydney: Angus and Robertson, pp. 152-178.
__________ and Rovan Locke. (1976-1977) “The Chinese Model and the Soviet
Model in Eastern and Southern Africa: Strategies of Liberation and
Development,” Asian Forum, 9 (1), pp. 1-15.
Mbachu, Dulue. (2006) “Nigerian Resources: Changing the Playing Field,”

McCormick, Dorothy. (2008) “China, India, and African Manufacturing:
Framework for Understanding the Impact of Aid and Migration,” paper
prepared for African Economic Research Consortium workshop on the impact
of China and India on Sub-Saharan Africa in Addis Ababa on 9-10 October,
pp. 1-23.
__________. “China and India as Africa’s New Donors: The Impact of Aid on
Development,” Review of African Political Economy, 35 (115), pp. 73-92.
McDonald Lawrence P. (1977) “China and Africa,” in Sino-Soviet Intervention
in Africa by Roger Pearson (ed.). Washington, DC: Council on American
Affairs, pp. 80-89.
McGregor, Andrew. (2007) “China’s Oil Offensive Strikes: Horn of Africa and
Beyond,” China Brief, 7 (16), pp. 6-8.
__________. (2007) “Mining for Energy: China’s Relations with Niger,” China
Brief, 7 (18), pp. 8-9.
McMurray, Claudia A. and Bo Derek. (2008) “Wildlife Trafficking Issues,” 9
June remarks in Washington by the Assistant Secretary of State for Oceans and
International Environmental and Scientific Affairs and the Special Envoy of
the Secretary of State for Wildlife Trafficking Issues. See at
www.state.gov/g/oes/rls/rm/105767.htm. Accessed 12 June 2008.
McVadon, Eric. (2007) “China and the United States on the High Seas,” China
Security, 3 (4), pp. 3-28.
Medeiros, Evan S. (2007) “China’s International Behavior: Activism,
Opportunism, and Diversification,” Joint Force Quarterly, issue 47 (4th quarter),
pp. 34-41. See at www.ndu.edu/inss/Press/jfq-pages/editions/i47/8.pdf.
__________ and M. Taylor Fravel. (2003) “China’s New Diplomacy,” Foreign
Affairs, 82 (6), pp. 22-35.
Medzini, Meron. (1963) “Chinese Penetration in the Middle East,” New Outlook
(Tel Aviv), 6 (9), pp. 16-28.
Mei Zhaorong. (2006) “China’s Diplomacy and the Shaping of International
Order,” Foreign Affairs Journal, issue 82 (winter), pp. 49-55.
Meidan, Michal. (2006) “China’s Africa Policy: Business Now, Politics Later,”
Asian Perspective, 30 (4), pp. 69-93.
Melville, Chris and Olly Owen. (2005) “China and Africa: A New Era of
‘South-South Cooperation’,” Open Democracy. See at
www.opendemocracy.net/node/2658/print. Accessed 17 April 2008.
Meng-Suan, Yao. (1978) “Peiping in Africa: A Maneuver to Achieve Dual
Purposes under Anti-Russian Slogan,” Asian Outlook (Taipei), 13 (7), pp. 23-27.

Menghua Zeng. (1999) “An Interactive Perspective of Chinese Aid Policy: A
Case Study of Chinese Aid to Tanzania.” PhD diss., University of Florida.
Mertens, Pierre and Paul-F. Smets. (1966) L’Afrique de Pékin. Bruxelles:
L’Imprimerie Amibel.
Metzler, John J. (1978) “Peiping in Africa: Prospects and Portents for
Communist China’s Role in the Subsaharan Zone,” Issues and Studies, 14 (8),
pp. 72-84.
Meurer, Gerd. (1975) “A Hopeful Future for the Tanzam Railway,” Swiss
Review of World Affairs, 25 (7), pp. 19-20.
Michel, Serge. (2008) “When China Met Africa,” Foreign Policy, no. 166
(May/June), pp. 39-46.
__________ and Michel Beuret. (2008) La Chinafrique: Pékin à la Conquête du
Continent Noir. Paris: Bernard Grasset.
Mills, Greg and Chris Thompson. (2008) “Partners or Predators? China in
Africa,” China Brief, 8 (2), pp. 7-10.
__________ and Natasha Skidmore (eds.). (2004) Towards China Inc? Assessing
the Implications for Africa. Johannesburg: South African Institute of
International Affairs.
Milosevic, Zarko. (1970) “African Countries and People’s Republic of China,”
Review of International Affairs (February 20), pp. 16-18.
Mingjiang Li. (2008) “China’s Domestic Politics and Its Africa Policy,” African
Security Review, 17 (1), pp. 124-130.
__________. (2009) “China’s Gulf of Aden Expedition and Maritime
Cooperation in East Asia,” China Brief, 9 (1), pp. 5-8.
Minson, Adam. (2008) “China’s Preferential Trade Policy for Africa,” SAIIA
China in Africa Project, no. 1 (February). See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/chap/chap_brf_01_minson_200802.
pdf. Accessed 26 September 2008.
Modi, Renu. (2007) “China’s Strategic Engagement with Africa,” Africa
Quarterly, 46 (4), pp. 38-43.
Mohan, Giles. (2007) “China and Africa: Human Rights Implications,”
unpublished paper presented at UK Open University (7 December). See at
www.geography.dur.ac.uk/projects/china-africa/Publications/
tabid/2600/Default.aspx. Accessed 5 January 2009.
__________ and Dinar Kale. (2007) “The Invisible Hand of South-South
Globalisation: Chinese Migrants in Africa,” a report for the Rockefeller
Foundation prepared by the Development Policy and Practice Department of

the Open University, pp. 1-25. See at
http://asiandrivers.open.ac.uk/documents/Rockefeller%20Report%20on%2
0Chinese%20diasporas%2010th%20Oct%20_3_.pdf. Accessed 23 March 2008.
__________ and Marcus Power. (2008) “New African Choices? The Politics of
Chinese Engagement,” Review of African Political Economy, 35 (115), pp. 23-42.
Molnar, Thomas. (1965) “Red China in Africa,” pamphlet published by the
American-African Affairs Association, pp. 1-16.
Monson, Jamie. (2006) “Defending the People’s Railway in the Era of
Liberalization: TAZARA in Southern Tanzania,” Africa, 76 (1), pp. 113-130.
__________. (2009) Africa’s Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project
Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University
Press.
Morison, David. (1964) “China and Africa,” The World Today (November),
pp. 457-461.
__________. (1964) “China and Africa,” The Mizan Newsletter, vol. 6, no. 9
(October), pp. 15-19.
Morris, Mike. (2006) “China’s Dominance of Global Clothing and Textiles: Is
Preferential Trade Access an Answer for Sub-Saharan Africa?” Institute of
Development Studies Bulletin, 37 (1), pp. 89-97.
Morrison, J. Stephen. (2007) “H.R. 180, Darfur Accountability and Divestment
Act of 2007,” Testimony before the Subcommittee on Domestic and International
Monetary Policy, Trade, and Technology, Committee on Financial Services, U.S.
House of Representatives, 20 March 2007, pp. 1-5.
Moss, Todd and Sarah Rose. (2006) “China Exim Bank and Africa: New
Lending, New Challenges,” Center for Global Development Notes (November).
See at www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/11116/. Accessed 23
March 2008.
Muchena, D.T. (2006) “The China Factor in Southern Africa: New Partner or
Patron?” Openspace, 1 (4), pp. 22-26. See at
www.osisa.org/files/openspace/1_4_p22_deprose_muchena.pdf. Accessed
22 March 2008.
Muekalia, Domingos Jardo. (2004) “Africa and China’s Strategic Partnership,”
African Security Review, 13 (1), pp. 5-11.
Munro-Hay, Stuart. (2003) “Ancient Relations between China and the Horn,”
in Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, vol. 1. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 714-715.
Mutsvangwa, Christopher. (2006) “Cooperation without Intervention,” Beijing
Review, 49 (8), pp. 14-15.

Mutukwa, Kasuka S. (1972) “Imperial Dream becomes Pan-African Reality,”
Africa Report, 17 (1), pp. 10-15.
__________. (1977) Politics of the Tanzania-Zambia Railproject: A Study of
Tanzania-China-Zambia Relations. Washington, DC: University Press of
America.
Mwanawina, Inyambo. (2008) “China-Africa Economic Relations: The Case of
Zambia,” a study commissioned by the African Economic Research
Consortium (4 February). See at
www.aercafrica.org/documents/china_africa_relations/Zambia.pdf.
Mwase, Ngila. (1983) “The Tanzania-Zambia Railway: The Chinese Loan and
the Pre-Investment Analysis Revisited,” Journal of Modern African Studies, 21
(3), pp. 535-543.
Mwega, Francis M. (2006) “China, India and Africa: Prospects and
Challenges,” revised paper presented originally at the AERC-AFDC
International Conference on Accelerating Africa’s Development in Tunis,
22-24 November, pp. 1-22. See at
www.gdnet.org/pdf2/gdn_library/annual_conferences/Eighth_annual_conf
erence/Mwega_paper_parallel3.3.pdf. Accessed 26 March 2008.
__________. (2007) “The Impact of China and India on Sub-Saharan Africa,”
The African Economic Research Consortium Research News, no. 10 (November),
pp. 20-25.
Naidu, Sanusha. (2006) “South Africa’s Relations with the People’s Republic of
China: Mutual Opportunities or Hidden Threats?” in State of the Nation South
Africa 2005-2006 by Sakhela Buhlungu, John Daniel, Roger Southall and Jessica
Lutchman (eds.). Pretoria: HSRC Press.
__________. (2007) “China and Africa’s Natural Resource Sector: A View from
South Africa,” Online Africa Policy Forum (26 April). See at
http://forums.csis.org/africa/?p=33. Accessed 25 March 2008.
__________. (2007) “The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC): What
Does the Future Hold?” China Report, 43 (3), pp. 283-296.
__________. (2009) “Beijing Reaffirms its African Agenda,” Pambazuka News
(22 January). See at
www.pambazuka.org/en/category/africa_china/53461/print. Accessed 22
January 2009.
__________ and Martyn Davies. (2006) “China Fuels Its Future with Africa’s
Riches,” South African Journal of International Affairs, 13 (2), pp. 69-83.
Nasser-Eddine, Mon’im. (1972) Arab-Chinese Relations (With Special Emphasis on
Egyptian-Chinese Relations) 1950-1971. Beirut: Arab Institute for Research and
Publishing.
Nathan, Andrew J. (1994) “Human Rights in Chinese Foreign Policy,” The
China Quarterly, no. 139 (September), pp. 622-643.
Nayyar, Deepak. (2008) “The Rise of China and India: Implications for
Developing Countries,” in Issues in Economic Development and Globalization:
Essays in Honour of Agit Singh, Philip Arestis and John Eatwell (eds.).
Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 73-94.
Negi, Rohit. (2008) “Beyond the ‘Chinese Scramble’: The Political Economy of
Anti-China Sentiment in Zambia,” African Geographical Review, vol. 27
(December), pp. 41-64.
Nelson, Daniel. (1977) “Sino-African Relationship: Renewing an Ancient
Contact,” East Asian Review, 4 (1), pp. 68-89.
Neuhauser, Charles. (1970) Third World Politics: China and the Afro-Asian
People’s Solidarity Organization 1957-1967. Harvard East Asian Monographs no.
26. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Ngoie, Germain Tshibambe and Constant Kabika Etobo. (2007) “Les Relations
Sino-Africaines: Entre l’Espoir et les Controverses,” Congo-Afrique, 47 (417),
pp. 599-619.
Ngome, Ivo. (2007) “Cameroonian Perceptions of the Chinese Invasion,” Africa
Files, no. 2 (September). See at
www.africafiles.org/printableversion.asp?id=15986. Accessed 28 March 2008.
Ni Yanshuo. (2006) “Strategic Partners: Premier Wen Jiabao’s Visit to Seven
African Countries Cements Growing China-Africa Ties,” Beijing Review,
49 (27), pp. 10-13.
Nicanor, Nepeti, Simon Roberts, and Marian Walker. (2006) “An Evaluation of
the Developing Economic Relationships between China and South Africa in
the Context of Negotiations on a Trade Agreement,” paper presented at a
conference hosted by the Development Policy Research Unit, University of
Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 18-20 October, pp. 1-64. See at
www.commerce.uct.ac.za/Research_Units/DPRU/DPRUConference2006/Papers
/Chinadraft%20final%20101006.pdf. Accessed 1 June 2008.
Nicoll, Alexander and Jessica Delaney (eds.). (2007) “China in Africa: A More
Responsive Approach?” Strategic Comments, 13 (5), pp. 1-2.
__________. (2008) “China’s Navy: Drive for Modernisation,” Strategic
Comments, 14 (1), pp. 1-2.
Nielsen, Waldemar A. (1969) “The Chinese Involvement” in The Great Powers
and Africa by Waldemar A. Nielsen. New York: Praeger, pp. 221-242.
Niquet, Valérie. (1996) “Beyond Africa,” China News Analysis, no. 1574 (15
December), pp. 6-10.

__________. (2006) “China’s African Strategy,” Politique Étrangère, 2e trimestre.
Translated into English. See at
www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/IMG/pdf/0805_Niquet_ANG.pdf. Accessed 10
April 2008.
Nnoli, Okwudiba. (1978) Self-Reliance and Foreign Policy in Tanzania: The
Dynamics of the Diplomacy of New State, 1961-1971. New York: NOK Publishers.
Nyerere, Julius K. (1965) “State Visit to the People’s Republic of China,” in
Nyerere: Freedom and Unity by Julius K. Nyerere. Dar es Salaam: Oxford
University Press (1966), pp. 323-325.
__________. (1970) “The Tanzania/Zambia Railway,” in Nyerere: Freedom and
Development by Julius K. Nyerere. Dar es Salaam: Oxford University Press
(1973), pp. 232-239.
Nyhodo, Bonani, Ron Sandrey and André Jooste. (2008) “South African Food
Inflation and Its Association with the Increasing Chinese Food Imports and
Global Commodity Prices,” Tralac Working Paper, no. 9 (November). See at
www.tralac.org/cause_data/images/1694/WP2008_09SAFoodInflationChin
eseImports20081119.pdf. Accessed 21 November 2008.
Obadina, Tunde. (2007) “Who’s Afraid of China’s Ties with Africa?” Africa
Today (August), pp. 33-34.
Obi, Cyril I. (2008) “Enter the Dragon? Chinese Oil Companies and Resistance
in the Niger Delta,” Review of African Political Economy, 35 (117), 417-434.
Obiorah, Ndubisi. (2007) “China in Africa: Geopolitical and Geo-Economic
Considerations,” unpublished paper presented at a China-Africa conference at
the Kennedy School of Government in Cambridge on 31 May-2 June, pp. 1-24.
O’Brien, Robert. (2007) “The Implications of China’s Increased Involvement in
Africa: An Economic, Political and Cultural Analysis,” GW Discourse, 1 (2), pp.
10-13.
Observatorio de la Politica China. (2006) “China’s African Policy,” (January).
See at www.politica-china.org/imxd/noticias/doc/1223295799China%
60s_African_Policy.pdf. Accessed 30 December 2008.
Obwona, Marios, et. al. (2007) “China-Africa Economic Relations: The Case of
Uganda,” unpublished paper, pp. 1-27. See at
www.aercafrica.org/documents/china_africa_relations/Uganda.pdf.
__________ and Ephraim Chirwa. (2007) “Impact of Asian Drivers on SSA
Agriculture and Food Security: Issues and Challenges,” unpublished paper,
pp. 1-56. See at www.fanrpan.org/documents/d00324/SSA_Agriculture.pdf.

Oda, Hideo. (1966) “Chinese Policy Versus the Realities of Africa,” Journal of
Social and Political Ideas in Japan, 4 (3), pp. 42-48.
Ofodile, Uche U. (2008) “Trade, Empires, and Subjects—China-Africa Trade: A
New Fair Trade Arrangement or the Third Scramble for Africa?” Vanderbilt
Journal of Transnational Law, 41 (2), pp. 505-583.
Ogen, Olukoya. (2008) “Contemporary China-Nigeria Economic Relations:
Chinese Imperialism or South-South Mutual Partnership?” China Aktuell, no.
3, pp. 78-101.
Ogunbambi, R.O. (1982) “The Implications of the Sino-Soviet Split toward
China’s African Policy,” Sino-Soviet Affairs, 6 (3), pp. 155-168.
Ogunkola, E. Olawale, Abiodun S. Bankole and Adeolu Adewuyi. (2008)
“China-Nigeria Economic Relations,” report prepared for the African
Economic Research Consortium (February). See at
www.aercafrica.org/documents/china_africa_relations/Nigeria.pdf.
Ogunsanwo, Alaba. (1974) China’s Policy in Africa. London: Cambridge
University Press.
__________. (2007) “Nigeria and China,” unpublished paper, pp. 1-74.
Okumu, John J. (1979) “Foreign Relations: Dilemmas of Independence and
Development,” in Politics and Public Policy in Kenya and Tanzania by Joel D. Barkan
and John J. Okumu (eds.). New York: Praeger, pp. 239-266.
Ojha, Ishwer C. (1969) Chinese Foreign Policy in an Age of Transition: The
Diplomacy of Cultural Despair. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
O’Leary. Greg. (1980) The Shaping of Chinese Foreign Policy. New York:
St. Martin’s Press.
Omoweh, Dan, Ogaba Oche and Osita Agbu. (2005) Nigeria and China: Bilateral
Ties in a New World Order. Lagos: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs.
Onjala, Joseph. (2008) “A Scoping Study on China-Africa Economic Relations:
The Case of Kenya,” report prepared for African Economic Research
Consortium (5 March). See at
www.aercafrica.org/documents/china_africa_relations/Kenya.pdf.
Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development. (1987) The Aid
Programme of China. Paris: OECD.
O’Rourke, Ronald. (2007) “China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S.
Navy Capabilities-Background and Issues for Congress,” CRS Report for
Congress, RL33153 (18 October), pp. 1-44. See at
www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33153.pdf. Accessed 29 March 2008.

Orr, Thomas. (2007) “The China-Australia Free-Trade Negotiations:
Implications for South Africa,” Centre for Chinese Studies, Stellenbosch
University (February), pp. 1-89. See at
www.ccs.org.za/downloads/The_China-Australia_Free_Trade_Negotiations_-
_Implications_for_South_Africa.pdf. Accessed 28 March 2008.
__________. (2008) “Mandela, Diamonds and Crime: The South Africa-China
Relationship at a Crossroads,” The China Monitor (May), pp. 4-10. See at
www.ccs.org.za/downloads/monitors/China%20Monitor_May%202008.pdf.
Osei-Hwedie, Bertha Z. (2008) “China-Africa Relations in the New
Millennium: Opportunities and Challenges,” The Icfai Journal of International
Relations, 2 (1), pp. 44-59.
Ottaway, David and Marina. (1981) Afrocommunism. New York: Africana
Publishing Co.
Pan, Esther. (2007) “China, Africa, and Oil,” Council on Foreign Relations
backgrounder (26 January). See at
www.cfr.org/publication/9557/china_africa_and_oil.html. Accessed 22
March 2008.
Pan Guang. (2008) “China’s Energy Diplomacy over Past 30 Years of Reform
and Opening-up,” China International Studies, no. 13 (winter), pp. 85-100.
Pang Zhongying. (2005) “China’s Changing Attitude to UN Peacekeeping,”
International Peacekeeping, 12 (1), pp. 87-104.
Pant, Harsh V. (2008) “China in Africa: The Push Continues But All’s Not
Well,” Defense and Security Analysis, 24 (1), pp. 33-43.
Paone, Valerie. (2006) “The Chinese Influence in Africa: A Global Trend,”
paper prepared for Law and Society Conference in Baltimore 6-9 July. See at
www.gdnet.org/fulltext/Paone_Chinese_influence_in_Africa.pdf. Accessed
17 December 2008.
Parenti, Jennifer L. (2009) “China-Africa Relations in the 21st Century,” Joint
Forces Quarterly, issue 52 (1st quarter), pp. 118-124.
Park, Yoon Jung. (2006) “Sojourners to Settlers: Early Constructions of Chinese
Identity in South Africa, 1879-1949,” African Studies, 65 (2), pp. 201-231.
__________. (2009) “Chinese Migration in Africa,” South African Institute of
International Affairs Occasional Paper no. 24 (January), pp. 1-18.
Passin, Herbert. (1963) China’s Cultural Diplomacy. New York: Praeger.
Patey, Luke Anthony. (2007) “State Rules: Oil Companies and Armed Conflict
in Sudan,” Third World Quarterly, 28 (5), pp. 997-1016.

Pathak, Vidhan. (2007) “India’s Energy Diplomacy in Francophone Africa:
Competitive-Cooperation with China,” India Quarterly, 63 (2), pp. 26-55.
Patriat, Lucas. (2006) “Dossier Chine/Afrique,” Marchés Tropicaux, 61 (3177),
pp. 5-9.
Pautard, André. (1966) “Le Gouvernement de Pékin et les États du Maghreb,”
Le Mois en Afrique (June), pp. 64-77.
Payne, Richard J. and Cassandra R. Veney. (1998) “China’s Post-Cold War
African Policy,” Asian Survey, 38 (9), pp. 867-879.
__________. (2001) “Taiwan and Africa: Taipei’s Continuing Search for
International Recognition,” Journal of Asian and African Studies, 36 (4),
pp. 437-450.
Pearson, Margaret M. (2006) “China in Geneva: Lessons from China’s Early
Years in the World Trade Organization” in New Directions in the Study of
China’s Foreign Policy by Alastair Iain Johnston and Robert S. Ross (eds.).
Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, pp. 242-275.
Pehnelt, Gernot. (2007) “The Political Economy of China’s Aid Policy in
Africa,” Jena Economic Research Papers 051, pp. 1-17. See at http://25.thulb.uni-
jena.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/jportal_derivate_00039789/wp_2007_
051.pdf. Accessed 23 March 2008.
__________ and Martin Abel. (2007) “China’s Development Policy in Africa,”
South African Institute of International Affairs, report no. 1. See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/chap/chap_rep_01_pehnelt_abel_20
0712.pdf. Accessed 26 September 2008.
Pere, Garth le (ed.). (2007) China in Africa: Mercantilist Predator, or Partner in
Development? Midrand, South Africa: Institute for Global Dialogue.
__________ and Garth Shelton. (2006) “Afro-Chinese Relations: An Evolving
South-South Partnership,” South African Journal of International Affairs, 13 (1),
pp. 33-53.
__________. (2007) China, Africa and South Africa: South-South Co-operation in a
Global Era. Midrand, South Africa: Institute for Global Dialogue.
Peters, Ralph. (2006) “Waters of Wealth and War: The Crucial Indian Ocean,”
Armed Forces Journal (March), pp. 36-40.
Petkovic, Ranko. (1985) “China and the ‘Third-World’ Countries-Support for
the Policy and Movement of Non-alignment,” Review of International Affairs,
no. 36, pp. 6-8.
Pew Research Center. (2007) “Global Unease with Major World Powers: 47-
Nation Pew Global Attitudes Survey,” The Pew Global Attitudes Project (27 June).
See at http://pewglobal.org/reports/pdf/256.pdf. Accessed 15 July 2008.

__________. (2008) “Global Economic Gloom – China and India Notable
Exceptions: 24-Nation Pew Global Attitudes Survey,” The Pew Global Attitudes
Project, (12 June). See at http://pewglobal.org/reports/pdf/260.pdf.
Accessed 15 July 2008.
Pfeifenberger, Werner. (1981) “The South African Policy of the People’s
Republic of China,” Journal of Contemporary History, 6 (1), pp. 1-11.
Pham, J. Peter. (2006) “China’s African Strategy and Its Implications for U.S.
Interests,” American Foreign Policy Interests, 28 (3), pp. 239-253.
Pollock, Greg (2007) “Back to the Future: Understanding China’s Return to
Africa and Its Implications for U.S. Policy,” Journal of Public and International
Affairs, 18 (spring), pp. 55-79.
Po-t’ang, Yeh. (1974) “Peiping’s Policy Towards Africa as Viewed from the
Independence of Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique,” Issues and Studies, 10 (15),
pp. 2-12.
Poole, Peter Andrews. (1966) “Communist China’s Aid Diplomacy,” Asian
Survey, 6 (11), pp. 622-629.
Potgieter, Jakkie. (2000) “‘Taking Aid from the Devil Himself’ UNITA’s
Support Structures,” in Angola’s War Economy by Jakkie Cilliers and Christian
Dietrich (eds.). Pretoria: Institute for Security Studies, pp. 255-273.
Power, Marcus and Giles Mohan. (2008) “New African Choices? The
Economics and Geopolitics of Chinese Engagement with African
Development,” power point presentation (17 May). See at
www.geography.dur.ac.uk/projects/china-africa/Publications/tabid/
2600/Default.aspx. Accessed 5 January 2009.
Pretorius, Joelien. (2008) “Non-Alignment in the Current World Order: The
Impact of the Rise of China,” Strategic Review for Southern Africa, 30 (1), pp. 1-27.
Prinsloo, Daan S. (1976) “China and the Liberation of Portuguese Africa,”
Foreign Affairs Association Study Report (Pretoria), no. 2 (May), pp. 1-13.
__________. (1978) “China’s Quest for Africa,” Journal of Social and Political
Studies, no. 3, pp. 27-39.
Prybyla, Jan S. (1964) “Communist China’s Economic Relations with Africa
1960-1964,” Asian Survey, 4 (11), pp. 1135-1143.
__________. (1971) “Foreign Aid: The Chinese Are Coming,” Current History,
61 (361), pp. 142-147, 181.
Puska, Susan M. (2007) “Resources, Security and Influence: The Role of the
Military in China’s Africa Strategy,” China Brief, 7 (11), pp. 2-6.
Quinlan, Martin. (2006) “Angola: Forward, with China,” Petroleum Economist,
vol. 73, no. 5 (May), 28-31.

Qureshi, Mahvash Saeed and Guanghua Wan. (2008) “Trade Expansion of
China and India: Threat or Opportunity,” United Nations University Research
Paper No. 2008/08, pp. 1-22.
Ramazani, R.K. (1963) “Russia, China and the Afro-Asian Countries,” The
Mizan Newsletter, vol. 5, no. 3 (March 1963), 1-10.
Randolph, R. Sean. (1977) “A Hand in the Pie: Ethiopia, Benin, and the
Guineas,” in Sino-Soviet Intervention in Africa by Roger Pearson (ed.).
Washington, DC: Council on American Affairs, pp. 69-75.
Ratliff, William E. (1981) “People’s Republic of China” in Communist Powers
and Sub-Saharan Africa by Thomas H. Henriksen (ed.). Stanford, CA: Hoover
Institution Press, pp. 85-110.
Ravallion, Martin. (2008) “Are There Lessons for Africa from China’s Success
against Poverty?” World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4463 (January),
pp. 1-29. See at
http://papers.ssrn.com/50/3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1080478#PaperDownl
oad. Accessed 29 March 2008.
Ray, Nivedita. (2006) “While China Scrambles Africa Builds Hope,” Institute
for Defence Studies & Analyses Strategic Comments (6 November). See at
www.idsa.in/publications/stratcomments/NiveditaRay091106.htm.
Razafindravonona, Jean, Eric Rakotomanana and Jimmy Rajaobelina. (2008)
“Étude sur les Échanges entre Chine et Madagascar,” report prepared for the
African Economic Research Consortium (January). See at
www.aercafrica.org/documents/china_africa_relations/Madagascar.pdf.
R.B. (1964) “China’s Impact on Africa—A Summing Up,” Race and Class, 5 (4),
pp. 75-82.
Reisen, Helmut. (2008) “Is China Actually Helping Improve Debt
Sustainability in Africa?” OECD Development Centre, pp. 1-9. See at
www.iddri.org/Activities/Conferences-internationales/070706_
PaperReisen_confpaysemergents.pdf.
Reitsma, Hendrik J.A. (1976) “South Africa and the Red Dragon: A Study in
Perception,” Africa Today, 23 (1), pp. 47-67.
Richardson, Peter. (1977) “The Recruiting of Chinese Indentured Labour for
the South African Gold-Mines, 1903-1908,” Journal of African History, 18 (1),
pp. 85-108.
Richer, Philippe. (1965) “Doctrine Chinoise pour le Tiers Monde,” Politique
Étrangère, no. 1, pp. 75-97.

__________. (1978) “Aux Origines de la Politique Chinoise en Afrique Noire
(1949-1960),” Mondes Asiatiques, no. 15 (autumn), pp. 163-181.
Ríos, Xulio. (2006) “China’s Bet on Africa,” FRIDE Comment (November), pp.
1-6. See at www.fride.org/publication/81/chinas_bet_on_africa. Accessed
23 March 2008.
__________. (2007) “La Apuesta Africana de China,” paper published by the
Argentina Center for International Studies. See at
www.caei.com.ar/es/programas/africa/07.pdf. Accessed 17 April 2008.
Robinson, Thomas W. (1969) “Peking’s Revolutionary Strategy in the
Developing World: The Failures of Success,” Annals of the American Academy of
Political and Social Science, 386 (November), pp. 64-77.
Roell, Peter. (2008) “China’s Role in Africa: A European Perspective,”
summary of a report presented on 11 November at the United Nations
Conference Center in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. See at
www.issafrica.org/dynamic/administration/file_manager/file_links/111108
CHINASEMREP.PDF?link_id=5391&slink_id=6955&link_type=12&slink_typ
e=13&tmpl_id=3. Accessed 19 November 2008.
Rogers, Philippe D. (2007) “China and United Nations Peacekeeping
Operations in Africa,” Naval War College Review, 60 (2), pp. 73-93.
__________. (2008) “Dragon with a Heart of Darkness: Countering Chinese
Influence in Africa,” Joint Force Quarterly, issue 47 (4th quarter), pp. 22-27.
Roque, Paula Cristina. (2009) “China in Mozambique: A Cautious Approach,”
South African Institute of International Affairs Occasional Paper no. 23
(January), pp. 1-16.
__________ and Chris Alden. (2008) “China and the UN Security Council:
From Observer to Activist,” SAIIA China in Africa Policy Briefing, no. 2 (April).
See at
www.saiia.org.za/images/stories/pubs/chap/chap_brf_02_roque_alden_20
0804.pdf. Accessed 26 September 2008.
Rosen, Daniel H. and Trevor Houser. (2007) “China Energy: A Guide for the
Perplexed,” (May), pp. 1-49. See at
www.iie.com/publications/papers/rosen0507.pdf. Accessed 24 March 2008.
Rotberg, Robert I. (ed.). (2008) China into Africa: Trade, Aid, and Influence.
Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
Roughneen, Simon. (2006) “Influence Anxiety: China’s Role in Africa,” ISN
Security Watch (15 May). See at
www.analyst-network.com/article.php?art_id=1291. Accessed 9 November
2008.

Roy, Denny. (1998) China’s Foreign Relations. Lanham, MD: Rowman &
Littlefield.
Sachs, Michael. (2005) “China’s Leap into the Heart of the Twenty First
Century,” African Renaissance, 2 (4), pp. 47-56.
Sahu, Sunil K. (1977) “China’s Africa Policy: A Study of Sino-Tanzanian
Relations,” Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses Journal, 10 (1), pp. 54-77.
Salih, Mirghani Mohamed. (2007) “Development is the Answer,” Beijing
Review, 50 (33), pp. 14-15.
Salim, Salim Ahmed. (1976) “No Strings Attached,” New China, 1 (4),
pp. 27-29.
Sandrey, Ron. (2006) “The African Merchandise Trading Relationship with
China,” Inside AISA, nos. 3 and 4 (October/December), pp. 8-10.
__________. (2006) “South African Merchandise Trade with China,” TRALAC
Working Paper, no. 3 (April), pp. 1-40. See at
www.tralac.org/scripts/content.php?id=5267. Accessed 25 March 2008.
__________. (2006) “The Trade and Economic Implications of the South
African Restrictions Regime on Imports of Clothing from China,” TRALAC
Working Paper, no. 16 (October), pp. 1-29.
__________ and Hans G. Jensen. (2007) “Revisiting the South African-China
Trading Relationship,” TRALAC Working Paper, no. 6 (September), pp. 1-22.
See at www.tralac.org/pdf/20070508_Sandrey_Revisiting_China_WP6.pdf.
__________and Taku Fundira. (2008) “South Africa and China: The
Agricultural and Fisheries Trading Relationship,” TRALAC Working Paper, no.
2 (April). See at www.tralac.org/unique/tralac/pdf/20080409_WP2-
08_Sandrey_Agric_Fish.pdf. Accessed 11 November 2008.
Sang-Seek, Park. (1982) “African Policy of the People’s Republic of China,”
Sino-Soviet Affairs, 6 (3), pp. 87-111.
Sanogo, Abdrahamane. (2008) “Les Rélations Économique de la Chine et du
Mali,” report prepared for the African Economic Research Consortium
(January). See at
www.aercafrica.org/documents/china_africa_relations/Mali.pdf. Accessed
13 January 2009.
Sasso, Lorenzo. (2007) “New Trends in China’s Foreign Investment Strategy,”
The International Spectator, 42 (3), pp. 399-407.
Saunders, Phillip C. (2006) China’s Global Activism: Strategy, Drivers, and Tools.
Occasional Paper 4. Washington, DC: Institute for National Strategic Studies,
National Defense University.

Sautman, Barry. (1994) “Anti-Black Racism in Post-Mao China,” China
Quarterly, no. 158 (June), pp. 413-437.
__________ and Yan Hairong. (2007) “Friends and Interests: China’s
Distinctive Links with Africa,” African Studies Review, 50 (3), pp. 75-114.
__________. (2008) “Fu Manchu in Africa? Distorted Portrayal of China in
Africa,” South African Labour Bulletin, 31 (5), pp. 34-38.
__________. (2008) “The Forest for the Trees: Trade, Investment and the China-
in-Africa Discourse,” Pacific Affairs, 81 (1), pp. 9-29.
Save Darfur. (2007) “China in Sudan: Having It Both Ways,” Briefing Paper (18
October), pp. 1-6. See at
www.savedarfur.org/newsroom/policypapers/briefing_paper_china_in_su
dan_having_it_both_ways/. Accessed 30 March 2008.
Scalapino, Robert A. (1964) “On the Trail of Chou En-lai in Africa,”
Memorandum RM-4061-PR (April). Santa Monica, CA: The Rand Corporation,
pp. 1-23.
__________. (1964) “Sino-Soviet Competition in Africa,” Foreign Affairs, 42 (4),
pp. 640-654.
__________. (1965) “Africa and Peking’s United Front,” Current Scene, 3 (26),
pp. 1-11.
Schatten, Fritz. (1961) “Peking’s Influence in Africa,” Military Review, 41 (8),
pp. 51-55.
__________. (1966) Communism in Africa. New York: Praeger.
Schneyder, Philippe. (1965) “Communist China and Africa,” France Eurafrique
(translated from French), 14 (161), pp. 15-20. JPRS Translations on Africa, 25
(30040) no. 198, pp. 1-12.
Schoeman, Maxi. (2007) “China in Africa: The Rise of Hegemony?” Strategic
Review for Southern Africa, 29 (2), pp. 74-97.
Schwarz, E.H.L. (1938) “The Chinese Connection with Africa,” Journal Royal
Asiatic Society of Bengal, 4, pp. 175-193.
Sebastian, Rajith. (2008) “China-Africa Investments: An Analysis of China’s
Investments in Africa,” China Vest (September 17), pp. 1-7.
Segal, Gerald. (1992) “China and Africa,” Annals of the American Academy of
Political and Social Science, 519 (January), pp. 115-126.
Segermark, Howard. (1977) “Sino-Soviet Intervention in Southern Africa—
World Economic Implications,” in Sino-Soviet Intervention in Africa by Roger
Pearson (ed.). Washington: Council on American Affairs, pp. 58-68.

Semple, Bernadette M. (1992) The China-Africa Connection: Implications for
United States Foreign Policy (thesis). Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate
School. See at
http://stinet.dtic.mil/cgi-
bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA256832&Location=U2&Doc=GetTRDoc.pdf.
Sen, Chanakya. (1964) “Chou En-Lai’s African Journey as Viewed by the
Indian Press,” Asian Survey, 4 (6), pp. 880-889.
Servant, Jean-Christophe. (2005) “China’s Trade Safari in Africa,” Le Monde
Diplomatique (May). See at http://mondediplo.com/2005/05/11chinafrica.
Shambaugh, David. (2007) “China’s ‘Quiet Diplomacy’: The International
Department of the Communist Party,” China: An International Journal, 5 (1), pp.
26-54.
Shaw, Timothy M., Andrew F. Cooper and Agata Antkiewicz. (2007) “Global
and/or Regional Development at the Start of the 21st Century? China, India
and (South) Africa,” Third World Quarterly, 28 (7), pp. 1255-1270.
Shaxson, Nicholas. (2007) Poisoned Wells: The Dirty Politics of African Oil. New
York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Shelton, Clifford A. (2005) China and Africa: Understanding the Growing Trade
and Investment Relationship. Washington, DC: Corporate Council on Africa, pp.
1-24.
Shelton, Garth. (2001) “China and Africa: Building an Economic Partnership,”
__________. (2004) “Trading with the Dragon: Prospects for a China-South
Africa FTA,” South African Journal of International Affairs, 11 (2), pp. 59-71.
__________. (2005) “China, Africa and South Africa Advancing South-South
Co-operation,” unpublished paper presented at a conference in Buenos Aires
in June. See at
http://bibliotecavirtual.clacso.org.ar/ar/libros/sursur/politics/Shelton.rtf.
__________ and Farhana Paruk. (2008) “The Forum on China-Africa
Cooperation: A Strategic Opportunity,” ISS Monograph Series, no. 156
(December). See at www.issafrica.org. Accessed 5 January 2009.
Shen-Yu Dai. (1974) China, the Superpowers and the Third World. Hong Kong:
Chinese University of Hong Kong.
Shichor, Yitzhak. (1979) The Middle East in China’s Foreign Policy 1949-1977.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

__________. (1982) “In Search of Alternatives: China’s Middle East Policy after
Sadat,” Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs, no. 8, pp. 101-110.
__________. (1992) “China and the Middle East since Tiananmen,” Annals of
the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 519 (January), pp. 86-100.
__________. (2000) “Mountains Out of Molehills: Arms Transfers in Sino-
Middle Eastern Relations,” Middle East Review of International Affairs Journal, 4
(3). See at http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/2000/issue3/jv4n3a6.html.
__________. (2005) “Sudan: China’s Outpost in Africa,” China Brief, 5 (21),
pp. 9-11.
__________. (2007) “China’s Darfur Policy,” China Brief, 7 (7), pp. 5-8.
Shinde, B.E. (1978) “China and Afro-Asian Solidarity 1955-65: A Study of
China’s Policy and Diplomacy (I),” China Report, 14 (2), pp. 48-71.
__________. (1978 “China and Afro-Asian Solidarity 1955-65: A Study of
China’s Policy and Diplomacy (II),” China Report, 14 (3), pp. 51-68.
Shinn, David H. (2005) “China’s Approach to East, North and the Horn of
Africa,” Testimony before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review
Commission 21 July, pp. 1-14. See at
www.uscc.gov/hearings/2005hearings/written_testimonies/05_07_22wrts/s
hinn_david_wrts.php. Accessed 19 April 2008.
__________. (2006) “Africa, China and Health Care,” Inside AISA, nos. 3 and 4
(October/December), pp. 14-16.
__________. (2006) “The China Factor in African Ethics,” Policy Innovations (21
December). See at
www.policyinnovations.org/ideas/commentary/data/ChinaAfricaEthics.
__________. (2006) “China, Africa, and the United States: Health Care
Cooperation,” Washington Journal of Modern China, 8 (1), pp. 54-64.
__________. (2007) “Africa, China, the United States, and Oil,” Online Africa
Policy Forum, (8 May). See at http://forums.csis.org/africa?p=34. Accessed
25 March 2008.
__________. (2007) “An Opportunistic Ally: China’s Increasing Involvement in
Africa,” Harvard International Review, 29 (2), pp. 52-56.
__________. (2009) “China’s Engagement in Africa,” in African Policy after
President Bush, J. Stephen Morrison and Jennifer Cooke (eds.). Washington,
DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies. See at
www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/090127_africa_review_china_draft.pdf.

__________ and Joshua Eisenman. (2005) “Dueling Priorities for Beijing in the
Horn of Africa,” China Brief, 5 (21), pp. 6-9.
__________. (2008) “Responding to China in Africa,” American Foreign Policy
Council. See at www.afpc.org/publication_listings/viewPolicyPaper/236.
Accessed 1 October 2008.
Sidiropoulos, Elizabeth. (2006) “China and Africa: Into Africa,” The World
Today, 62 (10), pp. 7-8.
__________. (2006) “Options for the Lion in the Age of the Dragon,” South
African Journal of International Affairs, 13 (1), pp. 97-114.
Simmons, Robert. (1970) “Peking/Africa,” Africa Report, 15 (9), pp. 8-9.
Singh, Swaran. (1997) “Sino-South African Relations: Coming Full Circle,”
African Security Review, 6 (2). See at
www.issafrica.org/pubs/ASR/6No2/Singh.html. Accessed 24 January 2009.
__________. (2000) “Sino-South African Engagement: Legacies and Linkages,”
African Currents, 18 (30), pp. 1-25.
Sircar, Parbati K. (1978) “The Great Uhuru (Freedom) Railway: China’s Link to
Africa,” China Report, 14 (2), pp. 15-24.
S.K.G. (1965) “China in Africa – I,” Africa Quarterly (January-March),
pp. 224-228.
Slawecki, Leon M.S. (1963) “The Two Chinas in Africa,” Foreign Affairs, 41 (2),
pp. 398-409.
__________. (1971) French Policy towards the Chinese in Madagascar. Hamden,
CN: Shoe String Press.
Smaldone, Joseph P. (1980) “Soviet and Chinese Military Aid and Arms
Transfers to Africa: A Contextual Analysis” in Soviet and Chinese Aid to African
Nations by Warren Weinstein and Thomas H. Henriksen (eds.). New York:
Praeger, pp. 76-116.
Small Arms Survey. (2007) “Arms, Oil, and Darfur: The Evolution of Relations
between China and Sudan,” Sudan Issue Brief, no. 7 (July), pp. 1-11. See at
www.smallarmssurvey.org/files/portal/spotlight/sudan/Sudan_pdf/SIB%
207%20Arms.pdf. Accessed 10 April 2008.
__________. (2007) “The Militarization of Sudan: A Preliminary Review of
Arms Flows and Holdings,” Sudan Issue Brief, no. 6 (April), pp. 1-12. See at
www.smallarmssurvey.org/files/portal/spotlight/sudan/Sudan_pdf/SIB%
206%20militarization.pdf. Accessed 7 April 2008.
__________. (2007) Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City. See at
www.smallarmssurvey.org/files/sas/publications/yearb2007.html.

Smidt, Wolbert. (2003) “China’s Modern Relations with Ethiopia,” in
Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, vol. 1. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 715-717.
Smit, P. (1972) “The U.S.A., the Soviet Union and Communist China in
Africa,” South African Journal of African Affairs, vol. 2, pp. 1-18.
Snow, Philip. (1988) The Star Raft: China’s Encounter with Africa. New York:
Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
__________. (1994) “China and Africa: Consensus and Camouflage” in Chinese
Foreign Policy: Theory and Practice by Thomas W. Robinson and David
Shambaugh (eds.). Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 283-321.
Sofinsky, V. and A. Khazanov. (1978) “PRC Policy in Tropical Africa (1960s-
1970s),” Far Eastern Affairs, no. 3, pp. 72-83.
Somerville, Keith. (1990) Foreign Military Intervention in Africa. New York: St.
Martin’s Press.
Soudan, François. (2008) “Chine: Le Grand Bond vers l’Afrique,” Jeune Afrique,
no. 2479 (13-19 July), pp. 20-25.
Southern African Regional Poverty Network. (2005) “Forestry in Zambezia:
Chinese Takeaway,” (19 June). See at
www.sarpn.org.za/documents/d0001753/index.php. Accessed 13
November 2008.
Spies, J.J. (2006) “South Africa’s Experience with Regard to China as a Strategic
Partner,” unpublished paper presented at a conference in South Africa 16-17
October hosted by NEPAD, pp. 1-4. See at
http://saiia.org.za/images/upload/Spies_SouthAfrica.pdf. Accessed 12
April 2008.
Spinetta, Lawrence. (2006) “Cutting China’s ‘String of Pearls’,” U.S. Naval
Institute Proceedings, 132 (10), pp. 40-42.
Sprance, William R. (2007) “The Strategic Implications of China’s Activity in
Sub-Saharan Africa and AFRICOM’s Role in the U.S. Response,” unpublished
paper for the Joint Forces Staff College, pp. 1-16. See at
www.jfsc.ndu.edu/current_students/documents_policies/documents/jca_cc
a_awsp/The_Strategic_Implications_of_Chinas_Activity_in_Sub-
Saharan_Africa_and_AFRICOMS_Role_in_the_US_Response.doc. Accessed 2
April 2008.
Srinivasan, Sharath. (2008) “A ‘Rising Great Power’ Embraces Africa: Nigeria-
China Relations,” in Gulliver’s Troubles: Nigeria’s Foreign Policy after the Cold
War, eds. Adekeye Adebajo and Abdul Raufu Mustapha (Scottsville, South
Africa: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press), pp. 334-366.

Stähle, Stefan. (2006) China’s Participation in the United Nations Peacekeeping
Regime. Master’s thesis, George Washington University.
__________. (2008) “China’s Shifting Attitude towards United Nations
Peacekeeping Operations,” China Quarterly, 195 (September), pp. 631-655.
__________. (2008) “Towards China’s Integration into the Aid Donor
Architecture: Learning from Chinese Participation in International Regimes,”
China Aktuell, no. 3, pp. 130-163.
Stanley Foundation and Aspen Atlantic Group. (2007) “Africa at Risk or
Rising? The Role of Europe, North America, and China on the Continent,”
Policy Dialogue Brief, pp. 1-16.
Starner, Frances L. (1965) “Algerian Fiasco,” Far Eastern Economic Review, 49
(3), pp. 133-134 and 147.
Steiner, H. Arthur. (1961) “Communist China in the World Community,”
International Conciliation, no. 533 (May), pp. 389-454.
Steinhilber, Jochen. (2006) “China: A New Actor in the Middle East and North
Africa Region?” Dialogue on Globalization Occasional Paper, no. 24 (August),
Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, pp. 1-22. See at
http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/iez/global/03917.pdf. Accessed 12 April
2008.
Stephan, Harry, Michael Power Angus Fane Hervey, and Raymond
Steenkamp Fonseca. (2006). The Scramble for Africa in the 21st Century: A View
from the South. Cape Town: Renaissance Press.
Sterling, Claire. (1964) “Chou En-lai and the Watusi,” The Reporter, 30 (6),
pp. 22-24.
Sudan Divestment Task Force. (2007) “PetroChina, CNPC, and Sudan:
Perpetuating Genocide,” (15 April), pp. 1-25. See at
www.sudandivestment.org/docs/petrochina_cnpc_sudan.pdf. Accessed 24
March 2008.
Sullivan, Michael J. (1994) “The 1988-89 Nanjing Anti-African Protests: Racial
Nationalism or National Racism?” China Quarterly, no. 138 (June), pp. 438-457.
Sun Chao. (2007) “The Current Situation of Darfur and the Likely Trend of
Future Development,” International Strategic Studies, issue 3 (July), pp. 59-64.
Sun Qiaocheng. (2000) “Sino-African Relationship at the Turn of the Century,”
International Studies, issue 15-17, pp. 19-34.
Sutter, Robert G. (1978) Chinese Foreign Policy after the Cultural Revolution, 1966-
1977. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
__________. (2008) Chinese Foreign Relations: Power and Policy since the Cold War.
Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.

Swan, James. (2007) “Africa-China Relations: The View from Washington,”
remarks made at Columbia University in New York on 9 February. See at
www.state.gov/p/af/rls/rm/80453.htm. Accessed 24 March 2008.
__________. (2007) “China and the U.S. in Regional and Global Relations:
Panel Discussion on Becoming a Stakeholder: China in International Affairs,”
remarks made at Columbia University’s Third Annual China Symposium in
New York on 20 April. See at www.state.gov/p/af/rls/rm/83474.htm.
__________. (2007) “China’s Expanding Role in Africa: Implications for the
United States,” remarks made at the Center for Strategic and International
Studies in Washington on 8 February. See at
www.state.gov/p/af/rls/rm/80288.htm. Accessed 24 March 2008.
__________. (2007) “Civil War and Genocide in Darfur: Chinese and Saharan
Dimensions,” remarks made at the American Enterprise Institute in
Washington on 3 May. See at www.state.gov/p/af/rls/rm/84401.htm.
__________. (2008) “China-Africa Relations and the Global Village: Diplomatic
Perspective,” remarks made at Howard University in Washington on 1 April.
See at www.state.gov/p/af/rls/rm/2008/102946.htm. Accessed 13 April
2008.
Sylvanus, Nina. (2007) “‘Chinese Devils’? Perceptions of the Chinese in
Lome’s Central Market,” presentation at UCLA workshop, 27 April, pp. 1-3.
See at www.globalization-africa.org/papers/82.pdf. Accessed 18 April 2008.
Tang, Peter S.H. (1960) Communist China as a Developmental Model for
Underdeveloped Countries. Washington, DC: Research Institute on the Sino-
Soviet Bloc.
Taylor, Edmond. (1959) “The Chinese Invasion of North Africa,” The Reporter,
21 (4), pp. 31-33 and 36.
Taylor, Edmond. (1965) “French Africa,” The Reporter, 32 (6), March 25,
pp. 29-31.
Taylor, George E. (1966) “Lin Piao and the Third World,” Virginia Quarterly
Review, 42 (1), pp. 1-11.
Taylor, Ian. (1997) “The ‘Captive States’ of Southern Africa and China: The
PRC and Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland,” Journal of Commonwealth and
Comparative Politics, 35 (2), pp. 75-95.
__________. (1997) “The Two Chinas Compete in Africa,” Contemporary
Review, 271 (1581), pp. 192-194.
__________. (1997) “Mainland China-Angola Relations: Moving from Debacle
to Détente,” Issues and Studies, 33 (9), pp. 64-81.

__________. (1998) “Africa’s Place in the Diplomatic Competition between
Beijing and Taipei,” Issues and Studies, 34 (3), pp. 126-143.
__________. (1998) “Botswana’s ‘Independent Foreign Policy’: Gaborone-
Beijing Relations,” Botswana Notes and Records, 30, pp. 79-86.
__________. (1998) “China’s Foreign Policy towards Africa in the 1990s,”
Journal of Modern African Studies, 36 (3), pp. 443-460.
__________. (1998) “The Evolution of Zambia’s Relations with China,” Africa
Insight, 28 (1-2), pp. 47-52.
__________. (2000) “The Ambiguous Commitment: The People’s Republic of
China and the Anti-Apartheid Struggle in South Africa,” Journal of
Contemporary African Studies, 18 (1), pp. 91-106.
__________. (2001) “China’s Relations with Sub-Saharan Africa in the Post-
Maoist Era, 1978-1999,” in Politics and Economics of Africa (Volume I) edited by
Frank Columbus. Huntington, NY: Nova Science Publishers, pp. 83-105.
__________. (2002) “Taiwan’s Foreign Policy and Africa: The Limitations of
Dollar Diplomacy,” Journal of Contemporary China, 11 (30), pp. 125-140.
__________. (2004) “The ‘All-weather Friend’? Sino-African Interaction in the
Twenty-First Century,” in Africa in International Politics: External Involvement on
the Continent by Ian Taylor and Paul Williams (eds.). London: Routledge,
pp. 83-101.
__________. (2005) “Beijing’s Arms and Oil Interests in Africa,” China Brief,
5 (21), pp. 4-6.
__________. (2006) China and Africa: Engagement and Compromise. London:
Routledge.
__________. (2006) “China’s African Policy in Historical Perspective: From
Neglect to Dynamic Interaction,” Inside AISA, nos. 3 and 4 (October/December),
pp. 2-3.
__________. (2006) “China’s Oil Diplomacy in Africa,” International Affairs,
82 (5), pp. 937-959.
__________. (2006) “Unpacking China’s Resource Diplomacy in Africa,”
unpublished paper presented at a workshop on China-Africa in Hong Kong
11-16 November, pp. 1-27. See at www.cctr.ust.hk/china-africa/. Accessed 13
April 2008.
__________. (2007) “China and Africa: The Real Barriers to Win-Win,” Foreign
Policy in Focus, (9 March). See at www.fpif.org/fpiftxt/4067. Accessed 24
March 2008.

__________. (2007) “China’s Arms Sales to Africa: Beijing’s Reputation at
Stake,” China Brief, 7 (7), pp. 10-11.
__________. (2007) “China’s Environmental Footprint in Africa,” China
Dialogue (2 February). See at
www.chinadialogue.net/article/show/single/en/741-China-s-
environmental-footprint-in-Africa. Accessed 24 December 2008.
__________. (2007) “China’s Relations with Nigeria,” The Round Table, 96 (392).
pp.631-645.
__________. (2007) “Governance in Africa and Sino-African Relations:
Contradictions or Confluence?” Politics, 27 (3), pp. 139-146.
__________. (2007) “Sino-Nigerian Relations: FTZs, Textiles and Oil,” China
Brief, 7 (11), pp. 11-13.
__________. (2008) “Beyond the New ‘Two Whateverisms’: China’s Ties in
Africa,” China Aktuell, no 3, pp. 181-195.
__________. (2008) “China’s Maturing Foreign Policy: Implications for Africa,”
Pambazuka News (3 November). See at
November 2008.
__________. (2008) “Common Sense about China’s Ties with Africa,” Online
Africa Policy Forum (28 April). See at http://forums.csis.org/africa/?p=102.
Accessed 5 May 2008.
__________. (2008) “The Future of China’s Overseas Peacekeeping
Operations,” China Brief, 8 (6), pp. 7-9.
__________. (2008) “Sino-African Relations and the Problem of Human
Rights,” African Affairs, 107 (426), pp. 63-87.
__________. (2009) China’s New Role in Africa. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
Tegegne Gebre-Eghiabher. (2007) “Impacts of Chinese Imports and Coping
Strategies of Local Producers: The Case of Small-scale Footwear Enterprises in
Ethiopia,” Journal of Modern African Studies, 45 (4), pp. 647-679.
Ten Hoove, Lotte. (2006) “La Chine à la Conquête du Continent Noir,”
CEREMS (January). See at www.cerems-
travail.fr/compteur_upload.php?rubrique_id=187&fichier_upload_id=588.
Teufel, June. (1963) “China’s Approach to Africa,” Far Eastern Economic Review,
42 (1), pp. 443-444, 469.
__________. (1963) “China’s Future in Africa,” Far Eastern Economic Review,
42 (10), pp. 517-519.

Thakurta, Paranjoy Guha. (2008) “India Takes on China in Africa,” Pambazuka
News, (4 April). See at www.pambazuka.org/en/category/features/47200.
Accessed 10 April 2008).
Thomas, Darryl C. (1992) “The Impact of the Sino-Soviet Conflict on the Afro-
Asian People’s Solidarity Organization: Afro-Asianism Versus Non-
Alignment, 1955-1966,” Journal of Asian and African Affairs, 3 (2), pp. 167-191.
Thompson, Drew. (2005) “China’s Emerging Interests in Africa: Opportunities
and Challenges for Africa and the United States,” African Renaissance, 2 (4), pp.
20-29.
__________. (2005) “China’s Soft Power in Africa: From the ‘Beijing
Consensus’ to Health Diplomacy,” China Brief, 5 (21), pp. 1-4.
__________. (2007) “China’s Emerging Interests in Africa: Opportunities and
Challenges for Africa and the United States,” Africa Notes (Cornell University),
(summer), pp. 4-8.
Thompson, J-P. (2007) “China’s Crucial Role in Africa,” Africa Files, 6 (1). See
at www.africafiles.org/atissueezine.asp?issue=issue6#art4. Accessed 27
March 2008.
Thompson, W. Scott. (1969) Ghana’s Foreign Policy, 1957-1966. Princeton, NJ:
Princeton University Press.
Tian Peiliang. (2003) “China and Africa in New Period,” Foreign Affairs Journal,
no. 70 (December), pp. 36-42.
Tillemann, Levi. (2008) “Blowback from Zimbabwe: China’s Faltering Strategy
on Arms Exports,” China Brief, 8 (13), pp. 7-9.
Tjønneland, Elling N. (2006) China in Africa: Implications for Norwegian Foreign
and Development Policies. Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute Report, no. 15,
pp. 1-62.
Toussaint, Auguste. (1966) “The Role of the Chinese,” in History of the Indian
Ocean by Auguste Toussaint. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 74-86.
Toye, John. (2008) “China’s Impact on Sub-Saharan African Development:
Trade, Aid and Politics,” in Issues in Economic Development and Globalization:
Essays in Honour of Ajit Singh, Philip Arestis and John Eatwell (eds.).
Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 95-114.
Tripathi, K.S. (1975) “China’s Military Strategy in the Eighties,” China Report,
11 (5-6), pp. 106-119.
Trood, Russell B. (1985) “The People’s Republic of China: Perspectives on the
Indian Ocean,” in The Indian Ocean: Perspectives on a Strategic Arena by William
L. Dowdy and Russell B. Trood (eds.). Durham, NC: Duke University Press,
pp. 508-524.

Tsikata, Dela, Ama Pokuaa Fenny and Ernest Aryeetey. (2008) “China-Africa
Relations: A Case Study of Ghana,” report prepared for the African Economic
Research Consortium (January). See at
www.aercafrica.org/documents/china_africa_relations/Ghana.pdf.
Tull, Denis M. (2006) “China’s Engagement in Africa: Scope, Significance and
Consequences,” Journal of Modern African Studies, 44 (3), pp. 459-479.
__________. (2006) “China and Africa,” in China’s Rise: The Return of
Geopolitics? by Gudrun Wacker (ed.). Research Paper (February). Berlin:
Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, pp. 31-36. Available at www.swp-
berlin.org/common/get_document.php?asset_id=2973. Accessed 17 March
2009.
__________. (2008) “China in Africa: European Perceptions and Responses to
the Chinese Challenge,” SAIS Working Papers in African Studies (February), pp.
1-15. See at www.swp-berlin.org/common/get_document.php?
asset_id=5611. Accessed 19 February 2009.
United Kingdom. (2005) “The Effect of China and India’s Growth and Trade
Liberalisation on Poverty in Africa,” Department for International
Development (May). See at www.Sarpn.org.za/documents/d0001312/P1555-
China_trade_Report_May2005.pdf. Accessed 22 April 2008.
United Nations Development Program. (2007) “Asian Foreign Direct
Investment in Africa: Towards a New Era of Cooperation among Developing
Countries,” pp. 1-190. See at www.unctad.org/en/docs/iteiia20071_en.pdf.
United States. (1969) Central Intelligence Agency. “Communist China’s
Presence in Africa,” declassified secret document dated 20 June. See at
www.state.gov/documents/organization/54521.pdf. Accessed 25 February
2009.
__________. (1976) Central Intelligence Agency. Communist Aid to Less
Developed Countries of the Free World, 1975. ER-76-10372U.
__________. (1977) Central Intelligence Agency. Communist Aid to the Less
Developed Countries of the Free World, 1976. ER 77-10296.
__________. (1978) Central Intelligence Agency. Communist Aid to the Less
Developed Countries of the Free World, 1977. ER 78-10478U.
__________. (1979) Central Intelligence Agency. Communist Aid Activities in
Non-Communist Less Developed Countries, 1978. ER 79-10421U.
__________. (1980) Central Intelligence Agency. Communist Aid Activities in
Non-Communist Less Developed Countries, 1979 and 1954-79. ER 80-10319U.

__________. (2005) House of Representatives. Committee on International
Relations. Subcommittee on Africa, Global Human Rights and International
Operations. Hearing on “China’s Influence in Africa,” Serial No. 109-74 (28
July), pp. 1-73. See at
www.foreignaffairs.house.gov/archives/109/22658.pdf. Accessed 25 March
2008.
__________. (2007) Office of Naval Intelligence. China’s Navy 2007, pp. 1-130.
See at www.fas.org/irp/agency/oni/chinanavy2007.pdf. Accessed 30 March
2008.
__________. (2008) Department of State. World Military Expenditures and Arms
Transfers, 1999-2000. See at
www.state.gov/t/vci/rls/rpt/wmeat/1999_2000/. Accessed 11 April 2008.
__________. (2008) Office of the Secretary of Defense. Annual Report to
Congress: Military Power of the People’s Republic of China 2008. See at
www.defenselink.mil/pubs/pdfs/China_Military_Report_08.pdf. Accessed
24 March 2008.
__________. (2008) Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. “China in Africa:
Implications for U.S. Policy.” Hearing held on 4 June. See at
http://foreign.senate.gov/hearings/2008/hrg080604a.html. Accessed 31
August 2008.
__________. (2008) Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. “China’s Foreign
Policy and ‘Soft Power’ in South America, Asia, and Africa,” study prepared
by the Congressional Research Service (April), pp. 1-131.
U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission. (2006) Report to
Congress 2006. Washington: Government Printing Office.
___________. (2007) Report to Congress 2007. Washington, DC: Government
Printing Office.
Valkenier, Elizabeth K. (1969) “Sino-Soviet Rivalry in the Third World,”
Current History, 57 (338), pp. 201-206 and 240.
Van de Looy, Judith. (2006) “Africa and China: A Strategic Partnership?”
African Studies Centre Working Paper 67 (Leiden), pp. 1-28.
__________ and Leo de Haan. (2006) “Africa and China: A Strategic
Partnership?” Strategic Analysis, 30 (3), pp. 562-575.
Van der Wath, Kobus and Dirk Kotze. (2006) “Africa and China: A Neglected
Opportunity,” African Analyst, third quarter, no. 1, pp. 43-59.
Van Dijk, Meine Pieter. (2007) “The Role of China in Africa, in Particular
Chinese Foreign Direct Investment,” unpublished paper presented before the
AEGIS European Conference on African Studies 2007 in Leiden. See at

http://ecas2007.aegis-eu.org/commence/user/view_file_forall.php?
fileid=908. Accessed 13 June 2008.
Van Eeden, Johann and Taku Fundira. (2008) “South African Quotas on
Chinese Clothing and Textiles: 18 Month Economic Review,” TRALAC
Working Paper, no. 8 (November). See at
www.tralac.org/cause_data/images/1694/WP200808VEedenClothingTextile
18month20081111.pdf. Accessed 11 November 2008.
Van Hoeymissen, Sara. (2008) “Aid within the China-Africa Partnership:
Emergence of an Alternative to the NEPAD Development Paradigm?” China
Aktuell, no. 3, pp. 102-129.
Van Ness, Peter. (1971) Revolution and Chinese Foreign Policy: Peking’s Support
for Wars of National Liberation. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
__________. (1998) “China and the Third World: Patterns of Engagement and
Indifference,” in China and the World by Samuel S. Kim (ed.). Boulder, CO:
Westview Press, pp. 151-168.
Van Rooyen, Jan and Hussein Soloman. (2007) “The Strategic Implications of
the US and China’s Engagement within Africa,” Scientia Militaria: South
African Journal of Military Studies, 35 (1), pp. 1-22.
Van Zeller, Mariana. (2008) “Chinatown, Africa,” video by Vanguard
correspondent on China’s growing presence in Angola. See at
http://current.com/items/89565630/chinatown_africa.htm. Accessed 22
January 2009.
Vanneman, Peter and Martin James. (1977) “The Lessons of Angola: A Global
Perspective on Communist Intervention in Southern Africa,” in Sino-Soviet
Intervention in Africa by Roger Pearson (ed.). Washington, DC: Council on
American Affairs, pp. 20-33.
Velempini, Simiso and Hussein Solomon. (2007) “Black Gold and the New
Scramble for Africa: The Case of São Tomé,” Africa Insight, 37 (1), pp. 1-18.
Vergès, Françoise. (2003) “Writing on Water: Peripheries, Flows, Capital, and
Struggles in the Indian Ocean,” Positions: East Asia Culture Critique, 11 (1),
pp. 241-257.
Velgus, Viktor A. (1993) “Chinese Voyaging to Africa and to the Persian Gulf:
Hypotheses and Sources,” St. Petersburg Journal of African Studies, no. 1,
pp. 104-112.
Victor, David G. (2007) “What Resource Wars?” National Interest, no. 92
(November/December), pp. 48-55.
Villiers, Cas de. (1973) “China’s Decade in Africa,” Bulletin of the Africa Institute
of South Africa, 11 (8), pp. 295-303.

Vines, Alex. (2006) “The Scramble for Resources: African Case Studies,” South
African Journal of International Affairs, 13 (1), pp. 63-75.
__________. (2007) “China in Africa: A Mixed Blessing?” Current History, 106
(700), pp. 213-219.
__________. (2008) “Current Developments and Trends in China’s Relations
with African Countries,” unpublished remarks at 28 April conference in
Washington on China-Africa relations sponsored by the American Foreign
Policy Council and Heinrich Böll Foundation.
Vircoulon, Thierry. (2006) “Chinois d’Afrique, Chinois en Afrique et Afro-
Chinois: Les Multiples Visages de la Communauté Chinoise d’Afrique du
Sud,” Monde Chinois, no. 8 (Éte/Automne), pp. 25-38.
Volghin, A. (1969) “Africa in Peking’s Foreign Policy,” International Affairs
(Moscow), (September), pp. 26-32.
Wagidoso, Charles Madibo. (2008) “New Developments in an Old
Friendship,” China Today, 57 (1), pp. 44-46.
Waging Peace. (2008) “China in Africa: The Human Rights Impact,”
(February), pp. 1-49. See at
www.wagingpace.info/files/20080305_WagingPeaceReport_ChinainAfrica_
TheHumanRightsImpact_2.pdf. Accessed 28 March 2008.
Waldron, Arthur. (2005) “The Rise of China: Military and Political
Implications,” Review of International Studies, 31 (4), pp. 715-733.
__________ (ed.). (2008) China in Africa. Washington, DC: Jamestown
Foundation.
Walgreen, David. (2006) “China in the Indian Ocean Region: Lessons in PRC
Grand Strategy,” Comparative Strategy, 25 (1), pp. 55-73.
Walt, Vivienne. (2007) “A Khartoum Boom, Courtesy of China,” Fortune
(6 August). See at
http://money.cnn.com/2007/08/06/news/international/Sudan-
khartoum.fortune/index.htm. Accessed 24 March 2008.
Wang, Carol and Danielle Flam. (2007) “Bridging the Gap: Experiences and
Attitudes in Sino-African Relations,” Regular Features, pp. 196-208. See at
http://hrichina.org/public/PDFs/CRF.2.2007/CRF-2007-2_Sino-
African.pdf. Accessed 27 March 2008.
Wang, Fei-ling. (2005) “Preservation, Prosperity and Power: What Motivates
China’s Foreign Policy?” Journal of Contemporary China, 14 (45), pp. 669-694.
Wang Gungwu. (1980) “The Chinese and the Countries across the Indian
Ocean,” in Historical Relations across the Indian Ocean, a report and papers of the
meeting of experts organized by UNESCO at Port Louis, Mauritius, from 15 to
19 July 1974. Paris: UNESCO, pp. 61-67.
Wang Hongyi. (2006) “Sino-African Relations Enter a New Stage,” China
International Studies, no. 4 (fall), pp. 33-48.
Wang Yingying. (2000) “On Africa’s Current Situation and its International
Status,” International Studies, issue 15-17, pp. 1-18.
__________. (2004) “New Situation in Africa and China-Africa Relations,”
International Studies, issue 2 (March), pp. 48-58.
__________. (2006) “Africa Ushering in a New Historical Phase,” China
Wang Zhengxu and Lim Tin Seng. (2007) “China’s Growing Influence in
Africa” in Interpreting China’s Development by Wang Gungwu and John Wong
(eds.). Singapore: World Scientific Publishing, pp. 256-260.
Ward, Adam and James Hackett (eds.). (2005) “China’s Scramble for Africa:
Growing Strategic Engagement,” Strategic Comments, 11 (2), pp. 1-2.
Warren, Susan. (1978) “China on Africa’s Fight for Independence,” New China,
4 (4), pp. 28-40.
Weinstein, Warren (ed.). (1975) Chinese and Soviet Aid to Africa. New York:
Praeger.
__________. (1980) “Chinese Aid and Policy in Central Africa” in Soviet and
Chinese Aid to African Nations by Warren Weinstein and Thomas H. Henriksen
(eds.). New York: Praeger, pp. 145-166.
Weiqun Gu. (1995) Conflicts of Divided Nations: The Cases of China and Korea.
Westport, CN: Praeger.
Weiss, Udo. (1974) “China’s Aid to and Trade with the Developing Countries
of the Third World,” in China and the Current Era of Détente by Centre d’Etude
du Sud-Est Asiatique et de l’Extrême-Orient (ed.). Brussels: Université Libre
de Bruxelles.
Wen Jiabao. (2006) “Strengthen China-Africa Cooperation for Mutual Benefit,”
address at the opening ceremony of the high-level dialogue between Chinese
and African leaders and business representatives and the Second Conference
of Chinese and African Entrepreneurs on 4 November. See at
www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjdt/zyjh/t279849.htm. Accessed 22 March 2008.
Wenran Jiang. (2006) “China Makes ‘Great Leaps Outward’ in Regional
Diplomacy,” International Journal, 61 (2), pp. 329-340.
__________. (2006) “China’s Booming Energy Ties with Africa,” Inside AISA,
nos. 3 and 4 (October/December), pp. 6-7.
__________. (2006) “China’s Booming Energy Relations with Africa,” China
Brief, 6 (13), pp. 3-5.

__________. (2007) “Hu’s Safari: China’s Emerging Strategic Partnerships in
Africa,” China Brief, 7 (4), pp. 5-7.
__________. (2009) “Chinese Inroads in DR Congo: A Chinese ‘Marshall Plan’
or Business?” China Brief, 9 (1), pp. 8-11.
Western Cape Trade and Investment Promotion Agency. (2006) “China
Country Brief,” South Africa’s Western Cape handbook for doing business
with China, pp. 1-52.
Wheatley, Paul. (1975) “Analecta Sino-Africana Recensa” and “Notes on
Chinese Texts Containing References to East Africa” in East Africa and the
Orient: Cultural Syntheses in Pre-Colonial Times by H. Neville Chittick and
Robert I. Rotberg (eds.). New York: Africana Publishing Co., pp. 76-114 and
284-290.
Wheeler, Anita C. (2008) “Angola and Sudan’s Foreign Policy toward China:
An Analysis of the Human Security Impacts of These Countries.” Master’s
thesis, Howard University.
White, Lyal and Phil Alves. (2006) “China in Africa: A Relationship of
(Un)equals in the Developing World,” South African Journal of International
Affairs, 13 (1), pp. 55-62.
Wild, Herman. (2009) “South Africa’s Textile and Clothing Industry:
Reflecting on Two Years of Quotas on Textile and Clothing Imports,” The
China Monitor (February), pp. 13-16.
Wild, Leni. (2006) “China, Africa and the G8: The Missing Link,” Open
Democracy, (7 October). See at www.opendemocracy.net/node/3725/print.
__________ and David Mepham (eds.). (2006) The New Sinosphere: China in
Africa. London: Institute for Public Policy Research.
Wilhelm, Janet. (2006) “The Chinese Communities in South Africa,” in State of
the Nation South Africa 2005-2006 by Sakhela Buhlungu, John Daniel, Roger
Southall and Jessica Lutchman (eds.). Pretoria: HSRC Press.
Wilson, Dick. (1964) “China’s Economic Relations with Africa,” Race and Class,
5 (4), pp. 61-71.
__________. (1964) “The Chinese in Africa,” Far Eastern Economic Review,” 46
(10), pp. 489-491.
__________. (1965) “The Algiers Fiasco,” Far Eastern Economic Review, 50 (7),
pp. 327 & 329-330.
__________. (1965) “Peking’s African Image,” Far Eastern Economic Review, 49
(6), pp. 249-251.

Wilson, Ernest J. (2005) “China’s Influence in Africa: Implications for U.S.
Policy,” Testimony before the Sub-Committee on Africa, Human Rights and
International Operations, U.S. House of Representatives, 28 July.
Wissenbach, Uwe. (2007) “China, Africa and Europe,” The World Today, 63 (4),
pp. 7-9.
__________. (2007) “Partners in Competition? The EU, Africa and China,”
summary proceedings of a conference in Brussels on 28 June. See at
http://zz04w1.chinaw3.com/download/political/summary_of_proceedings.
doc. Accessed 29 March 2008.
Wolfe, Adam. (2006) “The Increasing Importance of African Oil,” Power and
Interest News Report (20 March). See at
__________. (2006) “Upcoming Summit Highlights Africa’s Importance to
China,” Power and Interest News Report (3 November 3). See at
www.pinr.com/report.php?ac=view_printable&report_id=578&language_id
=1. Accessed 25 March 2008.
__________. (2007) “China Invests in Somalia Despite Instability,” Power and
Interest News Report (23 July). See at
__________. (2007) “Ethiopian Attack Is Latest Test of China’s Strategy in
Africa,” World Politics Review (1 May). See at
www.worldpoliticsreview.com/article.aspx?id=745. Accessed 30 March 2008.
Wolfstone, Daniel. (1964) “Sino-African Economics,” Far Eastern Economic
Review, 43 (7), pp. 349-351.
Wong, John and Sarah Chan. (2003) “China’s Outward Direct Investment:
Expanding Worldwide,” China: An International Journal, 1 (2), pp. 273-301.
Wong, Monica. (2006) “Chinese Workers in the Garment Industry in Africa:
Implications of the Contract Labour Dispatch System on the International
Labour Movement,” Labour, Capital and Society, 39 (1), pp. 69-111.
Wood, Frances and Gerry O’Kane. (1986) “China and Africa,” New African, no.
228 (September), pp. 51-62.
Wright, Logan. (2001) “Seizing an Opportunity: The Changing Character of
Chinese Arms Sales to Africa,” Armed Forces Journal International (October), pp.
92-95.
Wright, Richard. (1956) The Color Curtain: A Report on the Bandung Conference.
Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi.

Wu Hongying and Dao Shulin. (2001) “China vs. the Third World,”
Wu Lei and Shen Qinyu. (2006) “Will China Go to War over Oil?” Far Eastern
Economic Review, 169 (3), pp. 38-40.
Wu Miaofa. (2007) “A Significant Change,” Beijing Review, 50 (19), pp. 10-11.
Wuthnow, Joel. (2008) “The Concept of Soft Power in China’s Strategic
Discourse,” Issues and Studies, 44 (2), pp. 1-28.
Xiaohong Liu. (2001) Chinese Ambassadors: The Rise of Diplomatic Professionalism
since 1949. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
Xiaohua Yu and Hengfu Zou. (2008) “Lessons of Chinese Agricultural
Development for Africa,” paper prepared for African Green Revolution
Bellagio Conference, pp. 1-20. See at
http://econ.gsm.pku.edu.cn/Hzou/paper/WorkingP/YuZou-Lessons%
20of%20Chinese%20Agricultural%20Development%20for%20Africa.doc.
Xin Ma and Philip Andrews-Speed. (2006) “The Overseas Activities of China’s
National Oil Companies: Rationale and Outlook,” Minerals and Energy, 21 (1),
pp. 17-30.
Xing Susu. (2006) “Sino-African Cooperation in the 21st Century: A New Type
of Strategic Partnership,” Foreign Affairs Journal, no. 80 (June), pp. 47-56.
Xing Yuchun. (2006) “New Trends in the Relationship between Major Western
Countries and Africa,” China International Studies, no. 4 (fall), pp. 49-64.
Xiong Guangkai. (1997) “China’s Defence Policy and Sino-African Relations,”
International Strategic Studies, no. 3 (July), pp. 1-5.
Xu Jiming. (1992) “Prospects for Regional Conflicts in Africa after the Ending
of the Cold War,” in Contemporary African Economic and Political Development:
The Second Sino-US African Studies Conference by George T. Yu (ed.). Urbana, IL:
University of Illinois, pp. 158-169.
__________. (2001) “China’s National Interest and its Relationship with
Africa,” Africa Insight, 31 (2), pp. 38-42.
Xu Jinghu. (2008) “Leap-forward Development Achieved in Sino-African
Relations in the Course of China’s Reform and Opening-up,” Foreign Affairs
Journal (March), pp. 32-38.
Xu Weizhong. (2007) “Beijing Summit Promotes Sino-African Relations,”
Xu Yi-chong. (2006) “China’s Energy Security,” Australian Journal of

__________. (2008) “China and the United States in Africa: Coming Conflict or
Commercial Coexistence?” Australian Journal of International Affairs, 62 (1),
pp. 16-37.
Xue Mouhong. (1991) “Sino-African Technical Cooperation,” Asian Review, 5
(March), pp. 103-110.
Xuetong Yan. (1988) “Sino-African Relations in the 1990s,” CSIS Africa Notes,
no. 84, (18 April), pp. 1-5.
Xuewu Gu. (2005) “China Returns to Africa,” Trends East Asia Study, no. 9
(February), pp. 1-19. See at
www.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/oaw/poa/pdf/TEA%2059.pdf. Accessed 10
April 2008.
__________. (2006) “China’s Engagement in Afrika: Trends und
Perspektiven,” Internationale Zusammenarbeit, no 10, Konrad-Adenauer-
Stiftung (Berlin). Paper in German with summary in English. See at
www.kas.de/db_files/dokumente/auslandsinformationen/7_dokument_dok
_pdf_9513_1.pdf. Accessed 14 March 2009.
Ya-chün, Chang. (1981) “Peiping’s African Policy in the 1970s,” Issues and
Studies, 17 (2), pp. 44-58.
__________. (1981) Chinese Communist Activities in Africa – Policies and
Challenges. Taipei: World Anti-Communist League, China Chapter.
__________. (1982) “On Current Chinese Communist Relations with the Third
World,” Issues and Studies, 18 (11), pp. 63-82.
__________. (1983) “Chao Tzu-yang’s Visit to Africa,” Issues and Studies, 19 (1),
pp. 10-13.
__________. (1983) “An Appraisal of Chao Tzu-yang’s Visit to Africa,” Issues
and Studies, 19 (2), pp. 8-11.
Yahuda, Michael B. (1978) China’s Role in World Affairs. London: Croom Helm.
__________. (2007) “China’s Foreign Policy Comes of Age,” The International
Spectator, 42 (3), pp. 337-350.
Yang Guang. (2007) “China and the United States ‘Do Not Have Strategic
Conflicts’ in Africa,” Council on Foreign Relations interview (28 November).
See at www.cfr.org/publication/14870/guang.html. Accessed 22 March 2008.
Yang Lihua. (2004) “China-Africa Relations: Review and Perspective,” paper
presented at the African Study Centre, Leiden University, the Netherlands.
__________. (2006) “Africa: A View from China,” South African Journal of

Yang Wenchang. (2006) “The Future Course of China’s Diplomacy—CPC
Central Committee Meeting on China’s Foreign Affairs,” Foreign Affairs
Journal, issue 82 (winter), pp. 44-48.
Yao Kuangyi. (2005) “Reforms in the Arab World and Development of China-
Arab Relations,” International Studies, 3 (May), pp. 40-54.
Yao, Yuanming Alvin. (2006) “China’s Oil Strategy and Its Implications for
U.S.-China Relations,” Issues and Studies, 42 (3), pp. 165-201.
Yap, Melanie and Dianne Leong Man. (1996) Colour, Confusion and Concessions:
The History of the Chinese in South Africa. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University
Press.
Yates, Douglas A. (2006) “Chinese Oil Interests in Africa,” unpublished paper
dated 4 December, pp. 1-10.
Yin Chengde. (2006) “Premier Zhou Enlai and Sino-African Relations,” China
Yin He. (2007) “China’s Changing Policy on UN Peacekeeping Operations,”
Institute for Security and Development Policy Asia Paper (July), pp. 1-71. See at
www.silkroadstudies.org/new/docs/silkroadpapers/2007/YinHe0409073.pdf.
Ying, Y.L. (1964) “The Chinese Communists in Africa,” Free China and Asia,
(November), pp. 16-19.
Yongnian Zheng and Sow Keat Tok. (2007) “‘Harmonious Society’ and
‘Harmonious World’: China’s Policy Discourse under Hu Jintao,” The
University of Nottingham Briefing Series, issue 26 (October). See at
www.nottingham.ac.uk/China-policy-
institute/publications/documents/Briefing_26_Harmonious_Society_and_H
armonious_World.pdf. Accessed 7 April 2008.
Yoshihara, Toshi and James R. Holmes. (2008) “China’s Energy-Driven ‘Soft
Power’,” Orbis, 52 (1), pp. 123-137.
Youde, Jeremy. (2007) “Why Look East? Zimbabwean Foreign Policy and
China,” Africa Today, 53 (3), pp. 3-19.
Youlou, Fulbert. (1966) J’accuse la Chine. Paris: La Table Ronde.
Yu, George T. (1963) “Peking versus Taipei in the World Arena: Chinese
Competition in Africa,” Asian Survey, 3 (9), pp. 439-453.
__________. (1964) “Chinese Rivalry in Africa,” Race and Class, 5 (4), pp. 35-47.
__________. (1965) “Sino-African Relations: A Survey,” Asian Survey, 5 (7),
pp. 321-332.

__________. (1966) “China’s Failure in Africa,” Asian Survey, 6 (8), pp. 461-468.
__________. (1968) “Dragon in the Bush: Peking’s Presence in Africa,” Asian
Survey, 8 (12), pp. 1018-1026.
__________. (1970) China and Tanzania: A Study in Cooperative Interaction.
Berkeley, CA: University of California Center for Chinese Studies.
__________. (1970) “China’s Competitive Diplomacy in Africa,” in The
Dynamics of China’s Foreign Relations by Jerome Alan Cohen (ed.). Cambridge,
MA: Harvard University Press, pp. 69-87.
__________. (1971) “Working on the Railroad: China and the Tanzania-Zambia
Railway,” Asian Survey, 11 (11), pp. 1101-1117.
__________. (1972) “Peking’s African Diplomacy,” Problems of Communism, 21
(2), pp. 16-24.
__________. (1975) China’s African Policy: A Study of Tanzania. New York:
Praeger.
__________. (1977) “China and the Third World,” Asian Survey, 17 (11),
pp. 1036-1048.
__________. (1977) “China’s Role in Africa,” Annals of the American Academy of
Political and Social Science, 432 (July), pp. 96-109.
__________. (1978) “China’s Impact,” Problems of Communism, 27 (January-
February), pp. 40-50.
__________. (1979) “China’s Quest for National Security and Political
Influence: The Indian Ocean Connection,” Seoul National University/Institute
of Social Sciences Seminar Paper No. 2 (April), pp. 1-30.
__________. (1980) “Sino-Soviet Rivalry in Africa,” in Communism in Africa by
David E. Albright (ed.). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press,
pp. 168-188.
__________. (1980) “The Tanzania-Zambia Railway: A Case Study in Chinese
Economic Aid to Africa” in Soviet and Chinese Aid to African Nations by Warren
Weinstein and Thomas H. Henriksen (eds.). New York: Praeger, pp. 117-144.
__________. (1988) “Africa in Chinese Foreign Policy,” Asian Survey, 28 (8),
pp. 849-962.
__________ and David J. Longenecker. (1994) “The Beijing-Taipei Struggle for
International Recognition: From the Niger Affair to the U.N.” Asian Survey, 34
(5), pp. 475-488.
Yu Xintian. (2008) “Soft Power Enhancement and China’s External Strategy,”
China International Studies, no. 12 (fall), pp. 20-35.

Yuan Peng. (2007) “A Harmonious World and China’s New Diplomacy,”
Yuan Wu. (2006) China and Africa 1956-2006. Beijing: China Intercontinental
Press.
Zafar, Ali. (2007) “The Growing Relationship between China and Sub-Saharan
Africa: Macroeconomic, Trade, Investment, and Aid Links,” The World Bank
Research Observer, 22 (1), pp. 103-130.
Zambelis, Chris. (2007) “Public Diplomacy in Sino-Egyptian Relations,” China
Brief, 7 (7), pp. 8-9.
__________ and Brandon Gentry. (2008) “China through Arab Eyes: American
Influence in the Middle East,” Parameters, 38 (1), pp. 60-72.
Zartman, William I. (1960) “Communist China and the Arab-African Area,”
United States Naval Institute Proceedings, 86 (9), pp. 23-30.
Zeng Qiang. (2002) “Some Reflections on Expanding Sino-African Trade and
Economic Cooperative Relations in the New Century (A Point of View from a
Chinese Scholar),” Tinabantu: Journal of African National Affairs, 1 (1), pp. 65-71.
Zha Daojiong. (2006) “China’s Energy Security: Domestic and International
Issues,” Survival, 48 (1), pp. 179-189.
Zhang Wenmu. (2006) “Sea Power and China’s Strategic Choices,” China
Security, 2 (2), pp. 17-31.
Zhang Hongming. (1999) “L’évolution du Commerce entre la Chine et
l‘Afrique (1950-1998),” Marchés Tropicaux et Méditerranéens, issue 2403,
pp. 2403-2407.
__________. (2001) “Sino-African Political Co-operation towards the 21st
Century,” Africa Insight, 31 (2), pp. 33-35.
Zhang Yunfei. (2007) “China-Africa Cooperation within the Framework of the
United Nations,” Foreign Affairs Journal, no. 83 (spring), pp. 67-75.
Zhao Gancheng. (2008) “Reform and Opening Up Versus Adjustment of
China’s Relations with Other Developing Countries,” China International
Studies, no. 13 (winter), pp. 101-114.
Zhimin Lin. (1989) “China’s Third World Policy” in The Chinese View of the
World by Yufan Hao and Guocang Huan (eds.). New York: Pantheon Books,
pp. 225-259.
Zhiqun Zhu. (2007) “China’s New Diplomacy in Africa and Its Implications,”
paper prepared for the 48th International Studies Association annual
conference in Chicago on 28 February-3 March, pp. 1-33.

Zhongying Pang. (2006) “On China’s Peaceful Rise,” unpublished paper
presented in South Africa at conference hosted by NEPAD 16-17 October. See
at http://saiia.org.za/images/upload/Pang_Peaceful_Rise.pdf. Accessed 12
April 2008.
Zhou Wenzhong. (2008) “China-Africa Relations and China’s Policy toward
Africa,” unpublished speech delivered at a conference on China-Africa
relations at Howard University in Washington, D.C. on 31 March.
Zhou Yihuang. (2004) China’s Diplomacy. Beijing: China Intercontinental Press.
Zhu Zhonggui. (1992) “A Probe into Democracy in Africa,” in Contemporary
African Economic and Political Development: The Second Sino-US African Studies
Conference by George T. Yu (ed.). Urbana, IL: University of Illinois, pp. 5-13.
Ziegler, Charles E. (2006) “The Energy Factor in China’s Foreign Policy,”
Journal of Chinese Political Science, 11 (1), pp. 1-23.
ZTE Corporation. (2006) “Global Success from Local Wisdom,” English-
language company brochure, pp. 1-44. For additional information, go to
www.zte.com.cn. Accessed 24 December 2008.
Zweig, David and Bi Jianhai. (2005) “China’s Global Hunt for Energy,” Foreign
Affairs, 84 (5), pp. 25-38.

China-Africa Relations A Bibliography

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Deskripsi Asli:

Judul Asli

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

China-Africa Relations A Bibliography

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

CHINA-AFRICA RELATIONS: A BIBLIOGRAPHY

Abegunrin, Layi. (1983-1984) “Soviet and Chinese Military Involvement in

African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008 3

4 African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008

African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008 5

6 African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008

African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008 7

8 African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008

African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008 9

10 African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008

African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008 11

12 African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008

African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008 13

14 African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008

African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008 15

16 African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008

African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008 17

18 African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008

African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008 19

20 African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008

African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008 21

22 African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008

African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008 23

24 African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008

African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008 25

African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008 27

28 African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008

African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008 29

30 African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008

African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008 31

32 African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008

African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008 33

34 African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008

African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008 35

36 African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008

African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008 37

38 African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008

African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008 39

African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008 41

42 African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008

African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008 43

44 African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008

African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008 45

46 African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008

African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008 47

48 African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008

African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008 49

50 African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008

African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008 51

52 African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008

African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008 53

54 African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008

56 African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008

African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008 57

58 African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008

African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008 59

60 African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008

African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008 61

62 African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008

African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008 63

64 African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008

African Research & Documentation No. 108 2008 65