Purpose: The objective of this lab is to observe reactions that

characterize the laws of thermo chemistry quantitatively.

Hypothesis: For Part I, the change in heat for HCl will be greater than
that of HC2H3O2.

Procedure:
Part I: Heat of Neutralization
1. Dry the Styrofoam cup and thermometer with paper towel. Measure
25mL of 1.0M NaOH and add it to the Styrofoam cup.

2. Place the lid on the Styrofoam cup. Measure 25mL of HCl into a
clean graduated cylinder.

3. Measure the temperature of the acid. Rinse the thermometer with

water and wipe dry.

4. Insert the thermometer into the Styrofoam cup and measure the
temperature of the NaOH solution. The temperature of the NaOH and
the HCl should be very similar.

5. Record the temperature of the NaOH solution.

6. Lift the lid carefully and add the HCl all at once. Be careful not to
splash any on the upper side of the cup. Swirl the solution (gently) and
observe the temperature for the next 3 minutes.

7. Record the highest temperature change.

8. Repeat for 1.0 M HC2H3O2 and 1.0 M NaOH.

Part II: ΔE, ΔH, q, w

1. Turn on the hot plate.

2. Mass an empty 250mL beaker. Add 10mL of water and mass the
beaker and the water. This is System A.
3. Mass an empty 250mL beaker. Add 10mL of water and mass the
beaker and the water. This is System B.

4. Add 3 to 4 boiling chips to each beaker.

5. Place both beakers on the hot plate.

6. When System A begins to boil, quickly stir and record the

temperature of the 150mL of water.

7. As System A is nearly completely boiled away, watch it carefully ad

as the beaker sweeps to dryness, stir and record the temperature of
the 150mL of water.

8. Immediately use the beaker tongs to remove the empty beaker from
the hot plate.

9. Remove the other beaker and turn off the hot plate.

10. Read the thermometer.

Part III: Hess’s Law and the Heat of Formation

1. Set up the Styrofoam calorimeter. Cut off the rim of one cup with
scissors and nestle the cup upside down inside the other one. Remove
the cup and make a small hole in the bottom for the thermometer.

2. Neutralization: Place 50mL of 1.5 M NH3 in the bottom of the

calorimeter and the same amount of 1.5 M HCl in a beaker. Record the
temperature of each solution. Lift up the top of the thermo cup and
add all the acid. Replace the top, stir gently with the thermometer and
record the highest temperature obtained within the next minute.

3. Dissolving: Calculate the mass of the NH4Cl that must be added to

100mL of distilled water to get NH4Cl of the same concentration as the
final solution in step 2. Put 100mL of the water in the cup and read the
temperature. Add the correct amount of NH4Cl, stir and determine the
final the final extreme temperature of the solution when the entire
solid is dissolved.

4. Repeat the neutralization and dissolving set by changing to 1.5 M

H2SO4 and (NH4)2SO4. In this case, adjust the relative volumes of NH3
and H2SO4 to allow for the double equivalence of the acid.

Data Table:

Part I:
Volume of HCl (mL) 25.0 ±. Volume of HC2H3O2 (mL) 25.0 ±.
01 01
Volume of NaOH(mL) 25.0 ±. Volume of NaOH(mL) 25.0 ±.
01 01
Initial Temperature of HCl 24.2 ±. Initial Temperature of 24.5 ±.
(oC) 1 HC2H3O2 (oC) 1
Initial Temperature of 24.0 ±. Initial Temperature of 24.0 ±.
NaOH (oC) 1 NaOH (oC) 1
Final Temperature (oC) 30.0 ±. Final Temperature (oC) 30.0 ±.
1 1
Temperature Change
(oC)
Part II:
Mass of Beaker w/o 10 mL 86.537 ± .
H2O (g) 001
Mass of Beaker w/o 150mL 106.701 ± .
H2O (g) 001
Mass of Beaker w/ 10 mL 96.537 ± .
H2O (g) 001
Mass of Beaker w/o 150 mL 256.701 ± .
H2O (g) 001
Temperature of 150 mL 35.0 ± .01
beaker after 10mL H20
boiling (oC)
Temperature of 150 mL 84.0 ± .01
beaker after 10mL H20
evaporated (oC)