Section 1 Activity 1.1, 1.

2, Questions A, B,
Revision Questions, Test yourself, Exam Questions.
Side note: in order to keep up with the notes, you
must be able to type 25 words per minute with no
errors. If you cannot, you MUST go to typingtest.com
and test yourself through the week

Hardware: A piece of a computer or an ICT system
that you can touch. (mouse, keyboard, monitor)

Software: A piece of a computer or an ICT system that
you can not touch (presentation software word
processor, web browser O.S)

Activity 1.1: How many different pieces of hardware
can you name? 20 is a good number
Mouse keyboard, USB flash drive, Printer projector,
video card, hard, drive, monitor, headphone, video
camera, Heat Exchange computer fan, power supply,
scanner, Microphone, motherboard, joy tick,
(gamepad), UPS, CPU, RAM, ROM,
Name of item Hardware Software
Keyboard .
Flow Charter .
Web designer .
Spreadsheet .
Scanner .
Remote Control .

Draw a Simple Computer Diagram


















Internal Memory There are two types of internal
memory
Ram Random Access Memory
- is held on a computer chip
- is Volatile Memory
- Can be written to and read from
- Can be changed by the user
- Holds the software currently used by the user

ROM- read only memory

- Held on a computer chip
- Is Non-Volatile
- Stores instructions to start the computer (Bios), or
manages computer hardware (controller chip on a
hard drive)
- Cannot be changed by the user (VERY hard to
change once written)
- Every Single modern Electronic Device has ROM


Volatile and Non-Volatile

- Memory which requires power to save thing is
called volatiles (RAM)
- Memory which does not requires power to save
things is called Non-volatiles (Flash Drive, Rom,
Hard drives
- 1) 1 turn off a computer The ram deletes V or NV
- 2) 1 unplug my USB flash drive The contents do
not erase. V or NV
Operating System
Two basic types of Operating System

- Graphical User Interface (GUI) has WIMP
Windows the screen is divided into areas called
windows
Icons
menus
pointers

- Command Line Interface
Commands given in text form to the computer
These commands launch programs and execute
tasks.
- Post-WIMP Interaction
Modern Portable OSs such as Android, iOS,
Windows Phone, Symbian
Pinching: Where you pinch your fingers together
and apart to zoom in and out
Touching, Tapping
Swipe: Where you can swipe with 1,2,3,4, fingers
Rotating
Voice control, Eye movement, fingerprint, body
movement

Different Types of Computers
- Mainframe Computers
Powerful and sophisticated
1 main computer allows access to many
dummy computers
The dummy computer can not do
anything by themselves
Modern Mainframes consist of a regular
computer with a dummy program
installed on it

- Personal Computers
Advantage: Uses higher quality desktop-grade
parts. (Not always true)
Disadvantage: Not mobile
- Laptop
Mobile
Slow, less reliable laptop-grade parts (not
always true)

- Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)
This includes iPHONE, iPAD, Android phones,
Android Tablets, Etc



Advantages:
Portable, smell, light, computers
12 hour battery life
Contacts, calendars, web browsing, typing, email

Disadvantage:
12 hour battery life
fragile
can be expensive
small screen
slower than a desktop(not always true)
less memory than a desktop(not always true)
Netbook:
has no optical drive
* Optical drive is the BIGGEST part in a laptop
* Smaller screen (7-13")
Very slow power parts (slower, but capable)
* They are still powerful
Smaller keyboard can be hard to type on
Smaller screencan be hard to see
Very hard to upgrade


Recent Development in ICT
Cloud Computing
- Saving files on a remote server
Skydrive
Dropbox
Google Drive
Zoho Apps
NDrive
QQ web
Amazon Cloud
iCloud
-Web Applications
Word Web App


Advantages and disadvantages of Cloud Computing
Advantages:

- Constant Access to your files ( as long as you have
internet )
- Convenient way to share files, especially with
MULTIPLE people
- Your date is held safely in the cloud ( yes and no )
Yes: Multiple copies of your data are stored in
multiple places
No: Your data MAY be parsed by a third party
Syncs between multiple devices
Simple versions of software which are free online (
Word Web App )
Disadvantages:
- Internet connection required
- Your data is entrusted to a company which may or
may not be evil
- Large amount of storage space ( 100GB ) is very
expensive
- Cloud services are stored in HUGE EXPENSIVE
- warehouses which eat up Huge amount of
electricity
- What if you forget your password?!!!!

Homework:
-Read pages 1-10
- Make a new Word document title Zach-
IGCSE1B-section1
-Upload this file on Sky drive
-Write Questions and Answers to:
Activity 1.1, 1.2
Questions A, B
Revision Questions
Test yourself
Exam-style Questions

Questions A

5a) Explain why it is important that a computer has a
large amount of RAM and ROM

- More RAM will give more short-term memory,
which can help speed up the computer
- ROM stories instructions to start the computer
(BIOS), or manages computer hardware. (Controller
Chip on a hard drive). You only need enough ROM to
fit the BIOS. More ROM will not help

5b) Explain what ROM and RAM will be used for in a
computer.
-RAM is liked short-term memory; it holds the
programs running while powers is on
- ROM stories instructions to start the computer
(BIOS), or manages computer hardware. (Controller
Chip on a hard drive)



Exam-style Questions

1)Ring two items which are storage media. (Circle )
Magnetic Tape Touch Pad Flash Memory OCR chipper
reader Light pen

4) Complete each sentence using ONE item from the
list. Router, Output, Communication, Software,
Processor, Microphone, ROM, RAM, input

a)_________ means the programs that supply the
instructions to the hardware to tell it what to do
b)_________Devices such as keyboard .are used
to supply data to the computer
c)_________ Devices are hardware such as printers,
speakers and screens.
d)_________ is memory which is used to hold the boot
program need to start the computer up when first
switched on
e)________ is memory held on a chip that can have ite
contents changed by the user

http://www.cie.org.uk/qualifications/academic/mid
dlesec/igcse/subject?assdef_id=969









Section2-Input and output Devices
Page 11-27
Your book explains about:
- Keyboard
- Numeric Keypads
- Pointing Controls
- Remote Controls
- Joystick/Gamepads
- Touch Screens Magnetic Stripe Readers

o Read the black lines on credit cards which are
magnetized strips of metal under black plastic
o CMB card contains
Beginning Symbol
Bank Information Account Number
Code for PIN
Ending Symbol
1) You swipe card
2) Reader reads all information on MS
3) Calls bank
4) Give account number
5) Asks for PIN, you enter PIN
6) Gives bank Account and PIN and amount, asks for
authorization
7) If yes, machine prints receipt, and bank holds
money
8)If no, machine declines purchase
9) If wrong PIN or invalid account, machine declines
purchase
-Chip Readers and PIN Pads
o A small multi-segment microchip which is read
by a reader, then you enter a PIN number
- Scanners
- Digital Cameras
- Sensors
o Heat, Light, Sound. Pressure
o Graphics Mark Reader
- Optical Mark Reader
- A piece of paper with bubbles which you mark
with a pencil
- Can be easily graded by a machine which looks
for these bubbles
- Optical Character Reader
(Recognition)
o A camera looks for shapes (letter), and converts
this to digital text
- Bar Code Reader
o The computer uses a scanner to look for thinner
or thicker black lines, or groups of lines,
Length does not matter
- QR code
- Video camera/web cam
- Light Pen

Monitors
CRT Cathode Ray Tube. This is like an old
television, where electrons are shot at your face from
the rear of the monitor
TFT- Thin Film Transistor. A piece of glass with
thousands of tiny pixels (dots). Each pixels has three
transistors, Which cam emit red, Green or blue

About 300 PPI is what Apple calls Retina. This means
you cannot see the individual pixels as they are too
small for the human eye .
LDPI: low density~120 dots per inch
MDPI: medium Density~160 DPI
HDPI: High density ~240 DPI
XHDPI: extra High Density~320 DPI
XXHDPI: Extra extra High Density~480 DPI

TFT displays need a light behind the glass to shine
through so you can see it. Older displays uses a
fluorescent light, Newer use a LED light, which are
more efficient

Multimedia Projectors
A bright light shines on a small TFT, through a lens,
and onto a wall

Printers
- Laser Printers
o Expensive to buy, cheap to run
- Ink-jet Printers
o Cheap to buy, expensive to run
- Dot-Matrix Printers
o Expensive to buy, very cheap to run, poor quality
image can print on carbon copies, Text only
- Graph Plotter
o VERY large printer(laser or ink-jet) which can
print large pieces of paper building plans)
- speakers
- Actuators(computer controls switches)
- Motors
- Buzzers( simple speakers which produce only
one tone)
- Homework: section 2
- Questions a,b
- Revision questions
- Test yourself
- Exam-style question