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re - 48. A st. Min Metal ol. 2, 0.3. ia. 1982. pp. 79-83. en Nitrogen alloying of AISI 310$ in an induction furnace srnupsis by Y.N. Turan* and A, Koursarist Zens of exeriments yas cared ou n a vacuum inducton furnace to imestgate the roby of nitogen ftaless sted ype S108. Mls wor moa seve Constact and variable partial pressures of nitrogen so thatthe thsoroton of mtfogen rom te atmosphere coud be exarined: Addons of ener fr fi gue ng tte contents inthe ste trogen centonts of spt 0,16 wt per cent were abinined under gnseous slmosohcr Invosenced frrocteonum mtfogenegntate of upto 0,525 wt por cert wer has. Cpr ‘he caulian concetrabon of nitrogen was reacned for me experimental ‘ale ith existing data indcate ‘congtons urea SAMEVATTING sa ete a tn aggipons, ot of theater Deor isn reeks chsnenimente i'n yakuuminakciooond utgovoer om de oplosbaate! wa saan ewoye ‘a tps 4108, te ondereook. Slings 1 onde Kosta en veranderike stkstoldeecrxke Utgevoe sodat de Sbeoradle van sto ue senusioertrirnsek hn uel Forcciucom waaibystkstol geoed is DrROvOCE Gam foe sbtsloinoud oon cc tal Teo. ‘n Stketofohoud vento 0,16 massapersert is onder gacatmastre verkry. Met de yvoeging van frractroxm Waarby stxstot yevoug fs, ir sik Teaseenoemde waorae mot be ‘spurte oso wat gebruik INTRODUCTION ‘Since me 1920s mee has been enotnous inten edict of nogen on austenite stainless sel. The feaaons for ts are that milrogen isa strong austenite Stahiliving clement, and can be used a3 & partial Tevet mncn Tor Biel, which a eny ently met Nlurogen algo Increases the surenguh of states steels otout adversely afecting their duct. In addon, the Temation of ehginium mind in sails stel isnot a8 teirneatol a he ovation of carbide, which rel In sensizaion uf the steel. Fu ese teas, new types of fasten ails steels ave been develope, such a de AXX sencs, JUAN, SIGN, mlrone types. and many other niiogenconaining commercial ansnie sania sels, However, ts well Brow, dt ges fo etls can have dainmentaletecs such as te formation of pores, which reduce mgot yield and may eal iulge ding ROX tevkiog ofthe material, The peocesamg of liquid alloys Camsibg concentration of igs mayan preset problems owing w a probe elation of gas solbily ih doresing temperate sn the possible evolution of ontderble quantities of eas during solidification. In onder [otean high coments of entogen in sinless slots, Ibmay theretine be wecesouy Wo develop advanced meling and casting techniques like plasma-are mling and slay etn whic ey high ites prose can baad * Previously ofthe Desartnent of Metlray ond Maen t Engr Unversity of Ube Witwaersrarc, doarnestamy uw at spam in gremaneeareaes ee etna Ser ene wet Tel paar cohed gust 1951 inl va tl 0.55 mneasaperseat werk. isorde data x gaarop dat de ewewigeronsenvsse van siBsiot tere vi de recivngs von oie ‘Table Develoomentof oreces echrlose fo the produton ot igh-aregen Yea Proeit Ingots = - 1090 Prec ni aac, ic eign 2s 16S Lanta seeps dgreneing 8 1610 Prem lernlegranhing 1006 1980. Tit productien scale pressure cleo slagremeling, 4000 98S Pe esto remeling 2000, “The eolublity limit of nitrogen in austenive can be varied through changes in the processing conditions, Holzgruber? recently reviewed the development of processes for the production uf high-nivugen steels. His survey is presented in Table l [Bach process has its own consuraints, which are related to the production capacity. the rate of production, and the compositional homogeneity of the ingots. However, plasma-are melting and elecuro-slag remelting ave the most ctficient processes for the production of high-niurogen steels. A nitrogen concentration ot 1 wt per cent can bo achieved by these meus, However, dhe anuunt of nittogen ia nitwogen-comaining ‘austenitic stainless stecls is generally imived to a maximum ‘of 0,15 wt por cent. ‘Thus higher nitrogen content has been achieved in austenitic stinless steels throug an increase in the manganese content, which increases the solubility of ual oe South Arcana of Mio ond Meta mawcH a 79 nitrogen, or through melting and casting by the use of advanced Wchniques like plasma-are melting! ‘The prevent paper deals with the alloying of AIST 3108 ‘with nitrogen up to the solubility limit in a vacuum- induction furnacs. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES: ‘The solubility of wivogen in 3108 was devermined on {ngovs cast under alfferent partial pressures of nitrogen in a laboratory vacuum induction furnace. ‘The casting temperature was nearly constant, varying between 1450 and 14608C. The furnace is rated at 59 KW, with « nninal frequency of 3000 Hz. ‘The furnace was equipped with the folliving facili © a gas-inlet valve, which permits m ides different gas atmospheres, ‘+ multiple power lead-through for thermocouples and a dip thermocouple to measure temperatures, + a charging device with an effective volume of 0,001 au, and © sintered-magnesia crucible with magnesite pouring spouts The molten metal was poured into Fakeegraphite cast tron moulds of 6 mm square section awl 250 sana dep, ‘The capiity of the moulds was about 6 kg of steel, Castings were produced with the following aims ()to obtain a range of nitogen contents up 10 the solubility limit in steel 3108 by additions ot nirogenized ferrochromium in an atmosphere of (6 atm. of nitrogen, and (2)to investigate the pick up of nitrogen hy nitragen-fiee 3108 under nitrogen partial peessuvey of up ws 08 atm, the object being to determine the amount of nniuogenized ferrochromium required for a specitie nitrogen content in the steel since. some a the: nitrogen ‘would be mtroduced from the furnace atmospheres, ‘Small picees of 310 were charged into the crac, smd the vacuum chamber was closed snd evacuated, The charge was prelieaed for 20 09 30 minutes ata power input of 20 |bW, Nitrogen as was allowed into the chamber via the gax inlet until the required presen. was reached. The power Impat was then increased 10 40 KW. Que de meta had melted, the niuagenized ferrochromiume was added, the temperature was measured and, about 5 minutes later, the metal was poured into the ingot mould. The ingors were. allowed to eno in the fumace. 208 OUI of nitrogen following equation, which had a correlation coefficient of 094: an 30.15 P08 ‘The exponent of the above equation (0.15) is lower than that of Siovert's equation. whuch 181. heeans: equilirin ‘conditions had not been attained, ‘The mitrogen content of the castings was examined as a function of the additions and is resented in Figure 2. THe ‘otal Line shows de amount of nitrogen that was picked up trom tne nitrogen atmosphere. Ihe sloping line Fepresents the amount of nitrogen gained from the nutrogenized Fe-Cr. Roth Vines weve obtained from calvulativny of maverial balance and from chemical ‘analyses, A typical material balance is shown in Table U First, the amount of nitrogen in the steel was calculated from the amount of nitrogenized Fe-Ur added. ‘The calculated nitrogen content was then compared with that ound by chemical analysis. The concentration of witiag abtaincd by chemical analysis was 0,19 w O,13 wt per cent er than the calculated value (Table 1) It is unerefore clear that some nitrogen was picked up from the nitrogen ‘mosphere, In order to check these results, four additional castings were made without the addition of nitragenized Fe-Cr under a nitrogen atmosphere of 0,6 atm. Ingots Table Atpica! materia helene ealeuatin trem [atau ce mw [ie N RESULTS [®t] ef ® ef e The Se-cast ingots, when examined visually, were found to be sound in regard ww gas porosity. The maximum jirogen concentration stained in the alloy was 0.121 wt er cent under a nitrogen partial pressure of 0,79 atm Figure 1 shows the dependence af the nitrogen content uf the steel on the partial pressure of uiuugen in dhe vacuum- induction furnace. This reveals that the nitrogen content ‘was approximately proportional to the square root of the nitrogen partial pressutc, ic. the relationship followed Sicver’s law. Bo MARCH ee nies 21s | 408 921 |1154]ope7| 2.800017 | 106 cen [350 | 65, l1835| 0] of pue}ues| 9s [asa 50 qt | 1632 [1x4 |u134] oof xe Jo,su6 | 24 jsa6] —|ixav] ope] fosas ozs] [ug] | ow) ons “alo Be Sth icon ait of ig and Mealy

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