DAFTAR ISI

Halaman
DAFTAR TABEL .............................................................................................viii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ..........................................................................................ix
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN........................................................................................xi

I. PENDAHULUAN.............................................................................................1
A. Latar Belakang.........................................................................................1
B. Rumusan Masalah....................................................................................4
C. Tujuan Penelitian ....................................................................................5
1. Tujuan umum .................................................................................5
2. Tujuan khusus .................................................................................5
D. Manfaat Penelitian...................................................................................5
E. Kerangka Penelitian ................................................................................6
1. Kerangka teori ................................................................................6
2. Kerangka konsep ............................................................................9
F. Hipotesis................................................................................................10

II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ................................................................................11

A. Testis......................................................................................................11
1. Anatomi dan fisiologi...................................................................11
2. Histologi ......................................................................................13
3. Spermatogenesis dan spermiogenesis...........................................18
4. Hormon yang merangsang spermatogenesis ...............................20

B. Pengaruh Alkohol terhadap Testis.........................................................22

C. Jahe (Zingiber officinale) ......................................................................26
1. Deskripsi.......................................................................................26
2. Kandungan kimia..........................................................................28
3. Farmakokinetik.............................................................................30
4. Mekanisme kerja..........................................................................30
5. Khasiat .........................................................................................31

III. METODOLOGI PENELITIAN ...................................................................34

A. Desain Penelitian...................................................................................34
B. Tempat dan Waktu ................................................................................34
C. Populasi dan Sampel..............................................................................34
D. Bahan dan Alat Penelitian ....................................................................37
1. Bahan penelitian............................................................................37
2. Bahan kimia ..................................................................................37
3. Alat penelitian...............................................................................37
E. Prosedur Penelitian ...............................................................................38
1. Prosedur pemberian ekstrak etanol jahe putih..............................38
2. Prosedur pemberian dosis etanol...................................................40
3. Prosedur penelitian .......................................................................41
F. Identifikasi Variabel dan Definisi Operasional .....................................48
1. Identifikasi variabel ......................................................................48
2. Definisi operasional variabel.........................................................49
G. Analisis Data.........................................................................................50

IV. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN.....................................................................51

A. Hasil .....................................................................................................51
1. Gambaran histopatologi testis mencit..........................................51
2. Analisis jumlah sel spermatogenik dan sel spermatozoa.............58
B. Pembahasan...........................................................................................63

V. SIMPULAN DAN SARAN...........................................................................77

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A. Simpulan...............................................................................................77
B. Saran......................................................................................................77

DAFTAR PUSTAKA..........................................................................................79
LAMPIRAN........................................................................................................88

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel

Halaman

1. Komponen kimia jahe........................................................................................29

2. Definisi operasional ..........................................................................................49
3. Perhitungan sel spermatogenik tiap kelompok .................................................58
4. Perhitungan sel spermatozoa tiap kelompok ....................................................59
5. Hasil uji statistik jumlah sel spermatogenik perbandingan antar kelompok
(Post Hoc LSD) ................................................................................................61
6. Hasil uji statistik jumlah sel spermatozoa perbandingan antar kelompok
(Post Hoc LSD) ................................................................................................62
7. Perhitungan sel spermatogenik tiap sampel......................................................90
8. Perhitungan sel spermatozoa tiap sampel .........................................................91
9. Hasil uji homogenitas jumlah sel spermatogenik dan spermatozoa .................92
10. Hasil uji one way ANOVA jumlah sel spermatogenik dan spermatozoa .......92
11. Gambaran mikroskopis testis tiap sampel pada kelompok I ..........................93
12. Gambaran mikroskopis testis tiap sampel pada kelompok II .........................94
13. Gambaran mikroskopis testis tiap sampel pada kelompok III ........................95
14. Gambaran mikroskopis testis tiap sampel pada kelompok IV .......................96
15. Gambaran mikroskopis testis tiap sampel pada kelompok V .........................97

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar

Halaman

1. Kerangka teori ....................................................................................................8

2. Kerangka konsep.................................................................................................9
3. Anatomi testis ......................................................................12
4. Gambaran histologi tubulus seminiferus testis (potongan transversa)..............14
5. Sel-sel spermatogenik, sel spermatozoa, dan sel sertoli ...................................17
6. Tahap-tahap spermatogenesis............................................................................20
7. Regulasi hormon sistem reproduksi pria...........................................................22
8. Perbedaan gambaran testis normal dan atrofi testis ..........................................25
9. Jenis-jenis jahe ..................................................................................................27
10. Diagram alur penelitian ...................................................................................47
11. Gambaran tubulus seminiferus testis mencit kelompok I dengan pewarnaan
H.E. (pembesaran 400 kali) ............................................................................ 53
12. Gambaran tubulus seminiferus testis mencit kelompok II dengan pewarnaan
H.E. (pembesaran 400 kali) ............................................................................ 54
13. Gambaran tubulus seminiferus testis mencit kelompok III dengan pewarnaan
H.E. (pembesaran 400 kali) ............................................................................ 55
14. Gambaran tubulus seminiferus testis mencit kelompok IV dengan pewarnaan
H.E. (pembesaran 400 kali) ............................................................................ 56
15. Gambaran tubulus seminiferus testis mencit kelompok V dengan pewarnaan
H.E. (pembesaran 400 kali) ............................................................................ 57
16. Grafik rata-rata jumlah sel spermatogenik dan sel spermatozoa ................... 60

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17. Reaksi penghambatan antioksidan primer terhadap radikal lipida ................ 73

18. Ekstrak etanol jahe putih, etanol, dan spuit oral .............................................98
19. Perlakuan terhadap mencit ............................................................................. 98
20. Laparotomi dan pembukaan kantong skrotum ............................................... 98
21. Hasil fixation dan trimming ............................................................................ 99
22. Dehidration dan clearing ............................................................................... 99
23. Impregnation dan embedding ......................................................................... 99
24. Cutting dengan mikrotom ............................................................................ 100
25. Water bath .................................................................................................... 100
26. Staining HE .................................................................................................. 100

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran

Halaman

A. Rincian Dosis Ektrak Etanol Jahe Putih dan Etanol (Per mL).........................88
B. Tabel Pengumpulan Data .................................................................................90
C. Hasil Analisis Statistik Program SPSS ............................................................92
D. Gambaran Mikroskopis Testis tiap Sampel .....................................................93
E. Alat, Bahan, dan Proses Penelitian ..................................................................98

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