INTRODUCTION

1
STRUCTURED QUERY LANGUAGE(SQL)
SQL is standard language used to construct and access RDBMS of different kinds and
many hardware platforms. SQL provides commands for a variety of tasks including !
1. Querying the data
". #nserting$ %pdating and dropping o&'ects$
(. )reating$ replacing$ altering and dropping o&'ects$
*. )ontrolling access to the data&ase and its o&'ects$
+. ,uaranteeing data&ase consistency and integrity.
-he SQL statements are classified as follows
1. Data Definition Language(DDL)
create . #t is used to create a ta&le
alter . it is used to edit the physical structure of a ta&le. #t has two options$ add and
modify
drop . it is used to delete a ta&le.
Rename . it is used to rename a ta&le.
truncate . if there is no further use of records stroed in a ta&le and the structure has to &e
retained then the record alone can &e deleted.
2. Data Maniu!ation !anguage(DML)
insert ! insert command is used to insert data into an e/isting ta&le
select ! select command is used to retrieve data from ta&le in desired form
update . update statement is used to edit data in a ta&le
delete . delete statement is used to delete data from a ta&le
". T#an$a%tion Cont#o! Language
commit . this command is used to end a transaction. 0nly with the help of commit
command transaction changes can &e made permanent to the data&ase
roll&ack . roll&ack command is used to undo the work done in the current transaction.
1e can either roll&ack the entire transaction so that all changes made &y s2l statement are
undo or roll&ack a transaction to a savepoint.
Savepoint . savepoint are like markers to devide a very lengthy transaction to smaller
point. -hey are used to identify a transaction to which we can later roll&ack.
"
&. Data Cont#o! Language
grant . if a user create a ta&le there is no necessity for the user to &e given any privilege
to use it. Being it creates$ the user inherits authority over the ta&le.
Revoke . to withdraw the privilege that has &een granted to a user$ we use the revoke
command.
Sta#ting SQL
SQL3 prompt indicates that the SQL is ready to accept a command from the user.
1. CREATION O' DATA(ASE O()ECTS
TA(LES
-a&les are o&'ects which store the user data.
Syntax:
)reate ta&le 4ta&lename3
5columnname1 data type5si6e7 constraints$
columnname" data type5si6e7 constraints$
8888888888888888..
columnname n data type5si6e7 constraints
79
2. SQL COMMANDS
C#eate t*e fo!!o+ing Ta,!e$ -
1. supplier ta&le is used for storing the details of suppliers containing supplier code$
name$ status code and city.
". :art ta&le is used for storing the details of parts containing part code$ name$ color$
weight and location where the part is stored.
(. S: ta&le is used for storing the details of shipments containing supplier code$ part
code$ and the 2uantity shipped.
(
SQL. %#eate ta,!e $u!ie#
($%o/e 0a#%*a#2(1) #i2a#3 4e35
$na2e 0a#%*a#2(21) not nu!!5
$tatu$ nu2,e#(2) /efau!t 165
%it3 0a#%*a#2(21))7
-a&le created.
SQL. in$e#t into $u!ie# 0a!ue$(8S1858S2it*852658Lon/on8)7
1 row created.
SQL. in$e#t into $u!ie#($%o/e5$na2e5%it3) 0a!ue$(8S2858)one$8589a#i$8)7
1 row created.
SQL. in$e#t into $u!ie# 0a!ue$(8:$%o/e858:$na2e85:$tatu$58:%it38)7
;nter value for scode S(
;nter value for sname Blake
;nter value for status (<
;nter value for city :aris
old 1 insert into supplier values5=>scode=$=>sname=$>status$=>city=7
new 1 insert into supplier values5=s(=$=Blake=$(<$=:aris=7
1 row created.
SQL. ;
;nter value for scode S*
;nter value for sname )lark
;nter value for status "<
;nter value for city London
old 1 insert into supplier values5=>scode=$=>sname=$>status$=>city=7
new 1 insert into supplier values5=s*=$=)lark=$"< $=London=7
1 row created.
SQL. ;
;nter value for scode S+
;nter value for sname ?dams
;nter value for status (<
;nter value for city ?thens
old 1 insert into supplier values5=>scode=$=>sname=$>status$=>city=7
new 1 insert into supplier values5=s+=$=?dams=$(<$=?thens=7
1 row created.
*
SQL. $e!e%t < f#o2 $u!ie#7
S)0D; S@?M; S-?-%S )#-A
!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!
S1 Smith "< London
S" Bones 1< :aris
S( Blake (< :aris
S* )lark "< London
S+ ?dams (< ?thens
SQL. %#eate ta,!e a#t
(%o/e 0a#%*a#2(1) 9#i2a#3 4e35
na2e 0a#%*a#2(21) not nu!!5
%o!o# 0a#%*a#(=)5
+eig*t nu2,e#(152)5
%it3 0a#%*a#2(21))7
-a&le created.
SQL. insert into part values5=>pcode=$=>pname=$=>color=$>weight$=>city=79
;nter value for pcode :1
;nter value for pname @ut
;nter value for color Red
;nter value for weight 1"
;nter value for city London
old 1 insert into part values5=>pcode=$=>pname=$=>color=$>weight$=>city=7
new 1 insert into part values5=:1=$=@ut=$=Red=$1"$=London=7
1 row created.
SQL. ;
;nter value for pcode :"
;nter value for pname Bolt
;nter value for color ,reen
;nter value for weight 1C
;nter value for city :aris
old 1 insert into part values5=>pcode=$=>pname=$=>color=$>weight$=>city=7
new 1 insert into part values5=:"=$=Bolt=$=,reen=$1C$=:aris=7
1 row created.
SQL. ;
;nter value for pcode :(
;nter value for pname Screw
+
;nter value for color Blue
;nter value for weight 1C
;nter value for city Rome
old 1 insert into part values5=>pcode=$=>pname=$=>color=$>weight$=>city=7
new 1 insert into part values5=:(=$=Screw=$=Blue=$1C$=Rome=7
1 row created.
SQL. ;
;nter value for pcode :*
;nter value for pname Screw
;nter value for color Red
;nter value for weight 1*
;nter value for city London
old 1 insert into part values5=>pcode=$=>pname=$=>color=$>weight$=>city=7
new 1 insert into part values5=:*=$=Screw=$=Red=$1*$=London=7
1 row created.
SQL. ;
;nter value for pcode :+
;nter value for pname )am
;nter value for color Blue
;nter value for weight 1"
;nter value for city :aris
old 1 insert into part values5=>pcode=$=>pname=$=>color=$>weight$=>city=7
new 1 insert into part values5=:+=$=)am=$=Blue=$1"$=:aris=7
1 row created.
SQL. ;
;nter value for pcode :D
;nter value for pname )og
;nter value for color Red
;nter value for weight 1E
;nter value for city London
old 1 insert into part values5=>pcode=$=>pname=$=>color=$>weight$=>city=7
new 1 insert into part values5=:D=$=)og=$=Red=$1E$=London=7
1 row created.
D
SQL. $e!e%t < f#o2 9a#t7
:)0D; :@?M; )0L0R 1;#,F- )#-A
!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
:1 @ut Red 1" London
:" Bolt ,reen 1C :aris
:( Screw Blue 1C Rome
:* Screw Red 1* London
:+ )am Blue 1" :aris
:D )og Red 1E London
D rows selected.
SQL. %#eate ta,!e $
($%o/e 0a#%*a#2(1) #efe#en%e$ $u!ie#($%o/e)5
%o/e 0a#%*a#2(1) #efe#en%e$ a#t(%o/e)5
>t3 nu2,e#(152))7
-a&le created.
SQL. in$e#t into $ 0a!ue$(8:$%o/e858:%o/e85:>t3)7
;nter value for scode S1
;nter value for pcode :1
;nter value for 2ty (<<
old 1 insert into sp values5=>scode=$=>pcode=$>2ty7
new 1 insert into sp values5=S1=$=:1=$(<<7
1 row created.
SQL. ;
;nter value for scode S1
;nter value for pcode :"
;nter value for 2ty "<<
old 1 insert into sp values5=>scode=$=>pcode=$>2ty7
new 1 insert into sp values5=S1=$=:"=$"<<7
1 row created.
SQL. ;
;nter value for scode S1
;nter value for pcode :(
;nter value for 2ty *<<
old 1 insert into sp values5=>scode=$=>pcode=$>2ty7
new 1 insert into sp values5=S1=$=:(=$*<<7
C
1 row created.
SQL. ;
;nter value for scode S1
;nter value for pcode :*
;nter value for 2ty "<<
old 1 insert into sp values5=>scode=$=>pcode=$>2ty7
new 1 insert into sp values5=S1=$=:*=$"<<7
1 row created.
SQL. ;
;nter value for scode S1
;nter value for pcode :+
;nter value for 2ty 1<<
old 1 insert into sp values5=>scode=$=>pcode=$>2ty7
new 1 insert into sp values5=S1=$=:+=$1<<7
1 row created.
SQL. ;
;nter value for scode S1
;nter value for pcode :D
;nter value for 2ty 1<<
old 1 insert into sp values5=>scode=$=>pcode=$>2ty7
new 1 insert into sp values5=S1=$=:D=$1<<7
1 row created.
SQL. ;
;nter value for scode S"
;nter value for pcode :1
;nter value for 2ty (<<
old 1 insert into sp values5=>scode=$=>pcode=$>2ty7
new 1 insert into sp values5=S"=$=:1=$(<<7
1 row created.
SQL. ;
;nter value for scode S"
;nter value for pcode :"
;nter value for 2ty *<<
old 1 insert into sp values5=>scode=$=>pcode=$>2ty7
new 1 insert into sp values5=S"=$=:"=$*<<7
1 row created.
G
SQL. ;
;nter value for scode S(
;nter value for pcode :"
;nter value for 2ty "<<
old 1 insert into sp values5=>scode=$=>pcode=$>2ty7
new 1 insert into sp values5=S(=$=:"=$"<<7
1 row created.
SQL. ;
;nter value for scode S*
;nter value for pcode :"
;nter value for 2ty "<<
old 1 insert into sp values5=>scode=$=>pcode=$>2ty7
new 1 insert into sp values5=S*=$=:"=$"<<7
1 row created.
SQL. ;
;nter value for scode S*
;nter value for pcode :*
;nter value for 2ty (<<
old 1 insert into sp values5=>scode=$=>pcode=$>2ty7
new 1 insert into sp values5=S*=$=:*=$(<<7
1 row created.
SQL. ;
;nter value for scode S*
;nter value for pcode :+
;nter value for 2ty *<<
old 1 insert into sp values5=>scode=$=>pcode=$>2ty7
new 1 insert into sp values5=S*=$=:+=$*<<7
1 row created.
SQL. $e!e%t < f#o2 $7
S)0D; :)0D; Q-A
!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!
S1 :1 (<<
S1 :" "<<
S1 :( *<<
S1 :* "<<
S1 :+ 1<<
E
S1 :D 1<<
S" :1 (<<
S" :" *<<
S( :" "<<
S* :" "<<
S* :* (<<
S* :+ *<<
1" rows selected.
2.1. Get a#tnu2,e#$ fo# a!! a#t$ $u!ie/ f#o2 S9.
SQL. $e!e%t %o/e f#o2 S97
:)0D;
!!!!!
:1
:"
:(
:*
:+
:D
:1
:"
:"
:"
:*
:+
2.2 Get uni>ue 9%o/e f#o2 S9.
SQL. $e!e%t uni>ue %o/e f#o2 S97
0R
SQL. $e!e%t /i$tin%t %o/e f#o2 S97
:)0D;
!!!!!
:1
:"
:(
:*
:+
:D
D rows selected.
1<
2.". Di$!a3 %it3 f#o2 Su!ie# u$ing /i$tin%t f#o2 Su!ie#
SQL. $e!e%t /i$tin%t %it3 f#o2 $u!ie#7
0R
SQL. $e!e%t uni>ue %it3 f#o2 $u!ie#7
)#-A
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
?thens
London
:aris
2.&. Di$!a3 na2e an/ %it3 f#o2 Su!ie# +*e#e $tatu$ ,et+een 16 an/ 16.
SQL. $e!e%t Sna2e5%it3 f#o2 $u!ie# +*e#e $tatu$ ,et+een 16 an/ 167
S@?M; )#-A
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Smith London
Bones :aris
Blake :aris
)lark London
?dams ?thens
2.1. Di$!a3 na2e$ $ta#ting +it* ?(@ f#o2 Su!ie#.
SQL. $e!e%t $na2e f#o2 $u!ie# +*e#e $na2e !i4e 8(A87
S@?M;
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Blake
2.=. Di$!a3 na2e$ en/ing +it* ?$@ f#o2 Su!ie#.
SQL. $e!e%t $na2e f#o2 $u!ie# +*e#e $na2e !i4e 8A$87
S@?M;
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Bones
?dams
11
2.B. Di$!a3 a#t na2e$ *a0ing ?o@ a$ t*e $e%on/ %*a#a%te#.
SQL. $e!e%t 9na2e f#o2 a#t +*e#e na2e !i4e 8CoA87
:@?M;
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Bolt
)og
2.D.Get $u!ie# nu2,e#$ an/ $tatu$ f#o2 $u!ie#$ +*o a#e !o%ate/ in ?9a#i$@.
SQL. $e!e%t $%o/e5$tatu$ f#o2 $u!ie# +*e#e %it3E89a#i$87
S)0D; S-?-%S
!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!
S" 1<
S( (<
2.F. Get $u!ie# nu2,e#$ fo# $u!ie#$ in 9a#i$ +it* $tatu$.26.
SQL. $e!e%t $%o/e f#o2 $u!ie# +*e#e %it3E89a#i$8 an/ $tatu$.267
S)0D;
!!!!!
S(
2.16. Get $u!ie# nu2,e#$ an/ $tatu$ fo# $u!ie#$ in 9a#i$ in /e$%en/ing o#/e# of
$tatu$.
SQL. $e!e%t $%o/e5$tatu$ f#o2 $u!ie# +*e#e %it3E89a#i$8 o#/e# ,3 $tatu$ /e$%7
S)0D; S-?-%S
!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!
S( (<
S" 1<
2.11. Li$t %o!o#$ %o22on to nut$ an/ $%#e+.
SQL. $e!e%t %o!o# f#o2 a#t +*e#e na2eE8Nut8 inte#$e%t $e!e%t %o!o# f#o2 a#t
+*e#e na2eE8S%#e+87
1"
)0L0R
!!!!!!
Red
2.12. Get a#t nu2,e#$ fo# a#t$ t*at eit*e# +eig* 2o#e 1D oun/$ o# a#e %u##ent!3
$u!ie/ ,3 $u!ie# S2 ( o# ,ot*)
SQL. $e!e%t %o/e f#o2 a#t +*e#e +eig*t.1D union $e!e%t %o/e f#o2 S9 +*e#e
$%o/eE8S287
:)0D;
!!!!!
:1
:"
:D
2.1". Get a#t nu2,e# an/ +eig*t < &1& (#et#ie0a! of %o2ute# 0a!ue$) f#o2 9a#t
SQL. $e!e%t %o/e5+eig*t<&1& f#o2 a#t7
:)0D; 1;#,F-H*+*
!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!
:1 +**G
:" CC1G
:( CC1G
:* D(+D
:+ +**G
:D GD"D
2.1&. Get t*e tota! nu2,e# of $u!ie#$ f#o2 Su!ie#
SQL. $e!e%t %ount(<) f#o2 $u!ie#7
)0%@-5H7
!!!!!!!!!!
+
2.11. Get t*e tota! >uantit3 of a#t 92 $u!ie/.
SQL. $e!e%t $u2(>t3) f#o2 S9 +*e#e %o/eE89287

1(
S%M5Q-A7
!!!!!!!!!!
1<<<
2.1=. 'o# ea%* a#t $u!ie/5 get t*e a#t nu2,e# an/ tota! >uantit3 $u!ie/ of t*at
a#t (u$e of g#ou ,3)
SQL. $e!e%t %o/e5$u2(>t3) f#o2 S9 g#ou ,3 %o/e7
:)0D; S%M5Q-A7
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!
:1 D<<
:" 1<<<
:( *<<
:* +<<
:+ +<<
:D 1<<
D rows selected.
2.1B. Get t*e enti#e $a#e *a0ing >uantit3 g#eate# t*an 266 ,ut ea%* of +*i%*5
$u!3 >uantit3 $*ou!/ ,e g#eate# t*an "66. Li$t t*e2 in /e$%en/ing o#/e# of t*e
a#t nu2,e#.
SQL. $e!e%t %o/e52aG(>t3) f#o2 $
+*e#e >t3.266
g#ou ,3 9%o/e
*a0ing $u2(>t3)."66
o#/e# ,3 %o/e /e$%7
:)0D; M?I5Q-A7
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!
:+ *<<
:( *<<
:" *<<
:1 (<<
2.1D. Get a#t nu2,e# an/ na2e$ of a!! %itie$ $u!3ing t*e a#t.
SQL. $e!e%t uni>ue %o/e5%it3 f#o2 $5$u!ie# +*e#e $.$%o/eE$u!ie#.$%o/e7
1*
:)0D; )#-A
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!
:1 London
:1 :aris
:" London
:" :aris
:( London
:* London
:+ London
:D London
G rows selected.
2.1F. Get $u!ie# na2e fo# $u!ie# +*o $u!3 a#t 92 u$ing ANY.
SQL. $e!e%t $na2e f#o2 $u!ie# +*e#e $%o/eEan3($e!e%t $%o/e f#o2 $ +*e#e
%o/eE8928)7
S@?M;
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Smith
Bones
Blake
)lark
2.26. Get $u!ie# na2e fo# $u!ie# +*o $u!3 a#t 92 u$ing IN.
SQL. $e!e%t $na2e f#o2 $u!ie# +*e#e $%o/e in($e!e%t $%o/e f#o2 $ +*e#e
%o/eE8928)7
S@?M;
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Smith
Bones
Blake
)lark
2.21. Get $u!ie# na2e$ fo# $u!ie#$ +*o $u!3 at !ea$t one #e/ a#t.
SQL. $e!e%t $na2e f#o2 $u!ie# +*e#e $%o/e in($e!e%t $%o/e f#o2 $ +*e#e %o/e
in($e!e%t %o/e f#o2 a#t +*e#e %o!o#E8Re/8))7
1+
S@?M;
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Smith
Bones
)lark
2.22. Get $u!ie# na2e$ fo# $u!ie#$ +*o $u!3 a#t 92.
SQL. $e!e%t $na2e f#o2 $u!ie# +*e#e 8928 in ($e!e%t %o/e f#o2 $ +*e#e
$%o/eE$u!ie#.$%o/e)7
S@?M;
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Smith
Bones
Blake
)lark
2.2". Get $u!ie# na2e$ fo# $u!ie#$ +*o $u!3 a#t 92 u$ing EHISTS.
SQL. $e!e%t $na2e f#o2 $u!ie# +*e#e eGi$t$($e!e%t < f#o2 $ +*e#e
$%o/eE$u!ie#.$%o/e an/ %o/eE8928)7
S@?M;
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Smith
Bones
Blake
)lark
2.2&. Get $u!ie# na2e$ fo# $u!ie#$ +*o /o not $u!3 a#t 92 (not eGi$t$)
SQL. $e!e%t $na2e f#o2 $u!ie# +*e#e not eGi$t$($e!e%t < f#o2 $ +*e#e
$%o/eE$u!ie#.$%o/e an/ %o
/e E8928)7
S@?M;
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
?dams
1D
2.21. Get $u!ie# nu2,e#$ fo# $u!ie#$ +it* $tatu$ 0a!ue !e$$ t*an %u##ent
2aGi2u2 $tatu$ 0a!ue in t*e Su!ie# ta,!e.
SQL. $e!e%t $%o/e f#o2 $u!ie# +*e#e $tatu$I($e!e%t 2aG($tatu$) f#o2 $u!ie#)7
S)0D;
!!!!!
S1
S"
S*
2.2= Dou,!e t*e $tatu$ of a!! $u!ie#$ in Lon/on.
SQL. u/ate $u!ie# $et $tatu$ E2<$tatu$ +*e#e %it3E8Lon/on87
" rows updated.
2.2B. Set t*e >uantit3 to Je#o fo# a!! $u!ie#$ in Lon/on.
SQL. u/ate $ $et >t3E6 +*e#e8!on/on8E($e!e%t %it3 f#o2 $u!ie# +*e#e
$%o/eE$.$%o/e)7
E rows updated.
2.2D. Li$t t*e tota! +eig*t5 2ini2u2 +eig*t an/ a0e#age +eig*t of a#t$ %o!o# +i$e
an/ /i$!a3 on!3 t*o$e #o+$ *a0ing a0e#age +eig*t g#eate# t*an 12.
SQL. $e!e%t %o!o#5$u2(+eig*t)52in(+eig*t)5a0g(+eig*t) f#o2 a#t +*e#e
na2eE8nut8 o# na2e E8$%#e+8
g#ou ,3 %o!o# *a0ing a0g(+eig*t).127
)0L0R S%M51;#,F-7 M#@51;#,F-7 ?J,51;#,F-7
!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!
&lue 1C 1C 1C
red "D 1" 1(
2.2F. Li$t t*e $u!ie# nu2,e#$5 na2e$5 a#t nu2,e#$ an/ >uantit3.
SQL. $e!e%t $.$%o/e5$na2e5%o/e5>t3 f#o2 $u!ie#5$ +*e#e
$.$%o/eE$u!ie#.$%o/e7
1C
SK S@?M; :K Q-A
!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!! !!!!!!!!!
S1 Smith :1 <
S1 Smith :" <
S1 Smith :( <
S1 Smith :* <
S1 Smith :+ <
S1 Smith :D <
S" Bones :1 (<<
S" Bones :" *<<
S( Blake :" "<<
S* )lark :" <
S* )lark :* <
S* )lark :+ <
2."6. Li$t t*e a#t$ uni>ue to $u!ie# S1.
SQL. $e!e%t %o/e f#o2 $ +*e#e $%o/eE8$18 2inu$ $e!e%t %o/e f#o2 $ +*e#e
$%o/eE8S28 2inu$ $e!e%t
%o/e f#o2 $ +*e#e $%o/eE8$"8 o# $%o/eE8$&8 o# $%o/eE8$187
:)0D;
!!!!!
p(
pD
2."1. Di$!a3 t*e $na2e in ue# %a$e5 !o+e# %a$e5 init%a %a$e an/ it$ !engt* f#o2
Su!ie#.
SQL. $e!e%t ue#($na2e)5!o+e#($na2e)5 init%a($na2e)5 !engt*($na2e) f#o2
$u!ie#7
%::;R5S@?M;7 L01;R5S@?M;7 #@#-)?:5S@?M;7 L;@,-F5S@?M;7
!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!
SM#-F smith Smith +
B0@;S 'ones Bones +
BL?L; &lake Blake +
)L?RL clark )lark +
?D?MS adams ?dams +
1G
". C#eate ta,!e ,i!! *a0ing fie!/$ %on$u2e# nu2,e#5 %on$u2en#na2e5
initia! #ea/ing an/ fina! #ea/ing +it*out $e%if3ing t*e #i2a#3 4e3.
SQL3 create ta&le &ill
" 5connum&er num&er5(7$
( conname varchar"5"<7$
* iMread num&er5+7$
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-a&le created.
".1. In$e#t 0a!ue$ into t*e ta,!e ,i!!.
SQL. insert into &ill values5>connum&er$=>conname=$>iMread$>fMread79
;nter value for connum&er 1<<
;nter value for conname Bayakrishnan
;nter value for iMread (*<
;nter value for fMread +"+
old 1 insert into &ill values5>connum&er$=>conname=$>iMread$>fMread7
new 1 insert into &ill values51<<$=Bayakrishnan=$(*<$+"+7
1 row created.
SQL. ;
;nter value for connum&er 1<1
;nter value for conname Binu
;nter value for iMread *+D
;nter value for fMread DCG
old 1 insert into &ill values5>connum&er$=>conname=$>iMread$>fMread7
new 1 insert into &ill values51<1$=Binu=$*+D$DCG7
1 row created.
SQL. ;
;nter value for connum&er 1<"
;nter value for conname :hilip
;nter value for iMread "(+
;nter value for fMread +*E
old 1 insert into &ill values5>connum&er$=>conname=$>iMread$>fMread7
new 1 insert into &ill values51<"$=:hilip=$"(+$+*E7
1 row created.
SQL. ;
;nter value for connum&er 1<*
;nter value for conname Beneesh
1E
;nter value for iMread *("
;nter value for fMread GED
old 1 insert into &ill values5>connum&er$=>conname=$>iMread$>fMread7
new 1 insert into &ill values51<*$=Beneesh=$*("$GED7
1 row created.
SQL. ;
;nter value for connum&er 1<+
;nter value for conname Sony
;nter value for iMread *("
;nter value for fMread EGC
old 1 insert into &ill values5>connum&er$=>conname=$>iMread$>fMread7
new 1 insert into &ill values51<+$=Sony=$*("$EGC7
1 row created.
SQL. ;
;nter value for connum&er 1<D
;nter value for conname Resmy
;nter value for iMread "(<
;nter value for fMread EEE
old 1 insert into &ill values5>connum&er$=>conname=$>iMread$>fMread7
new 1 insert into &ill values51<D$=Resmy=$"(<$EEE7
1 row created.
".2. A// #i2a#3 4e3 to t*e ta,!e ,i!!.
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" add primary key5connum&er79
-a&le altered.
".". Di$!a3 t*e /e$%#ition of t*e ,i!! afte# $e%if3ing %onnu2,e# a$
#i2a#3 4e3.
SQL. desc &ill9
@ame @ullN -ype
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
)0@@%MB;R @0- @%LL @%MB;R5(7
)0@@?M; J?R)F?R"5"<7
#MR;?D @%MB;R5+7
OMR;?D @%MB;R5(7
"<
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SQL. $e!e%t < f#o2 ,i!!7
)0@@%MB;R )0@@?M; #MR;?D OMR;?D
!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!
1<< Bayakrishnan (*< +"+
1<1 Binu *+D DCG
1<" :hilip "(+ +*E
1<* Beneesh *(" GED
1<+ Sira' *(" EGC
1<D Resmy "(< EEE
D rows selected.
".1. C#eate a 0ie+ a$ ne+,i!! $*o+ing %onnu2,e# an/ %onna2e f#o2
,i!! ta,!e an/ /i$!a3 /etai!$ of ne+,i!!.
SQL. create view new&ill
" as
( select connum&er$conname from &ill
* 9
Jiew created.
SQL. select H from new&ill9
)0@@%MB;R )0@@?M;
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
1<< Bayakrishnan
1<1 Binu
1<" :hilip
1<* Beneesh
1<+ Sira'
1<D Resmy
D rows selected.
"1
".=. De!ete t*e 0ie+ ne+,i!!.
SQL. drop view new&ill9
Jiew dropped.
".B. Rena2e ta,!e ,i!! to ,i!!ing.
SQL. rename &ill to &illing9
-a&le renamed.
&. 9#og#a2 to fin/ t*e gi0en nu2,e# i$ o// o# e0en
SQL. D;)L?R;
" a num&er P>input9
( & num&er5"79
* &egin
+ &Pmod5a$"79
D if &P< then
C d&msMoutput.putMline5=-he given num&er is even=79
G else
E d&msMoutput.putMline5=-he given is odd=79
1< end if9
11 end9
1" Q
SQL. ;
;nter value for input +
old " a num&er P>input9
new " a num&er P+9
-he given is odd
:LQSQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL. ;
;nter value for input D
old " a num&er P>input9
new " a num&er PD9
T*e gi0en nu2,e# i$ e0en
:LQSQL procedure successfully completed.
""
1. 9#og#a2 to fin/ t*e !a#ge$t of t*#ee nu2,e#$
SQL. declare
" a num&er5(79
( & num&er5(79
* c num&er5(79
+ &egin
D aP>inputMa9
C &P>inputM&9
G cP>inputMc9
E if a3& and a3c then
1< d&msMoutput.putMline5aRR= is the largest num&er=79
11 elsif &3c then
1" d&msMoutput.putMline5&RR= is the largest num&er=79
1( else
1* d&msMoutput.putMline5cRR= is the largest num&er=79
1+ end if9
1D end9
1C Q
Outut
;nter value for inputMa 1<
old D aP>inputMa9
new D aP1<9
;nter value for inputM& E
old C &P>inputM&9
new C &PE9
;nter value for inputMc 1+
old G cP>inputMc9
new G cP1+9
11 i$ t*e !a#ge$t nu2,e#
:LQSQL procedure successfully completed.
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