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Teaching learning methods

Rakesh Biswas MD, Professor,


Department of Medicine, People's
College of Medical Sciences,
Bhopal, India,

Medical education workshop

Peoples College of Medical Sciences
21
st
October 2008
Problems in Medical Education:

Too much information,

too little time,

too many students in crowded rooms, and

exams that discourage real learning.

Advan. Physiol. Edu. 31: 283-287, 2007
How we learn/learnt
When we were medical students

And noware we still learning or just
teaching?
Teaching learning theory in medical
education suggests that medical students
and physicians will learn best when learning

Is in the context of patient care,
Answers their questions,
Is not directly applicable to their work,
Does not take too much time.



Half of what you are taught as medical students
will in 10 years have been shown to be wrong.
And the trouble is none of your teachers know
which half.

So the most important thing to learn is how to
learn on your own.


Dr. Sydney Burwell, Dean Harvard Medical
School In: Evidence based medicine, Sackett et
al, 2000: 31

Top down and bottom up

Approaches to teaching learning in
Medical education
The old way of learning, was
knowing what you should know.


BMJ 2003;327:1430-1433
Now the way of learning is knowing
what you don't know, not feeling
bad about it, and knowing how to
find out.
BMJ 2003;327:1430-1433
Uncertainty was discouraged and
ignorance avoided.


Now, uncertainty is legitimized and
questioning encouraged
BMJ 2003;327:1430-1433
Medical education was learning by
humiliation, with naming, shaming,
and blaming. Now, students are
encouraged to question received
wisdom.
BMJ 2003;327:1430-1433
Active learning means:

1) increasing study activity during exam
time

2) learning as a self directed student
generated participatory activity

3) Studying must know factual content
and topping exams

4) Learning and accepting the content
offered by teachers
Teaching/learning methods
Mass instruction
(Conventional lectures and taught lessons;
Film and video presentations;
Educational broadcasts; mass practical work
Individualized learning
(Directed study of texts, study of open-learning
materials; mediated self-instruction; PBLs.)
Group learning
(Class discussions; PBLs, seminars; group
tutorials; games and simulations; group projects;
etc.
Traditional structured text book
learning
Background
is a disorder characterized by
increased
Pathophysiology
is an acquired abnormality that involves
the
History
The clinical manifestations of are
PEOPLES COLLEGE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE
SESSIONAL EXAMINATION

Time: 3 Hours
Max. Marks: 100
? Answer all questions
? Answer each section in a separate answer book.

SECTION A

1) A 37-year-old lady, has come with 3 months history of
generalized ill health and a dragging sensation in her left
hypochondria. On examination her spleen is massively
enlarged.

a) What are the possible causes?

b) Describe investigations and treatment.
(4+3+3)
Differentials:
Myeloproliferative disorders
Infections
Storage disorders
Hemolytic anemia

In Problem based learning the role of
the teacher is:

That of an active enthusiast in student
learning
Active instructor who explains all their
students queries
That of a facilitator who talks only
minimally
Passive mentor who doesnt take much
interest
Summary:

Learning points-
Create your own method
Summary:

Medical education can be patient
centered

Ample content in our day to day
practice

Formative Assessment needs to be
stressed
To teach individual self-directed
learning competencies, the
following are important:



(1) Situate learners to experience "real" problems;

(2) encourage learners to reflect on their own
performance;

(3) Create an educational atmosphere in clinical training
situations.

(4) Encourage learners to memorize factual content that
is not contextual.
Feedback
Please let me know your thoughts:

1) Your idea of an ideal teaching learning
method
2) What were the positive and negative
aspects of this presentation?
3) Would you go about implementing
patient centered learning in your
curriculum and how?

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