SUCCESSFUL CIVILIZATION Rori Carlin Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 SECTION 1 The ery, desiccated climate of the desert oa- sis has boiling temperatures of a hundred de- grees or more. A clear, blue sky hangs above this harsh environment. The unforgiving sun beats against everything that calls this scorch- ing location its home. Though the environ- ment is harsh, there is relief from the swelter- ing temperature: a desert oasis, located in the The desert oasis is the undesirable location that the Sparklyrs call home. Introduction 1 Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 center of the land, which is a water source for hot, dehydrated visitors. Around the oasis, there are tan, grainy sand dunes, which can reach up to 800 feet, and are burning to the touch. When visitors get closer to the still, lim- pid water source, they come across dense, un- derbrush, much like a soft, thick, green carpet. This underbrush is scattered with an array of palm trees. The cool, clear water is still and mirror-like, and it feels icy and refreshing after a hot day working. In front of the lake in the oasis, there is overgrown green grass, which is completely di!erent from the dense shrubbery on the other side. The sand, which is in front of the grass, is like rippling waves over a mostly calm sea. The entire desert environ- ment is seemingly quiet and isolated from the rest of the world. It is in this unfavorable geographic environ- ment that the civilization of Roriasparkle will be founded. It is a civilization whose design takes its inspiration from the study of the past civilizations such as the Arabs, the Aztecs, the Greeks, the Mayans, the Mesopotamians, and the Romans among others. This book will document the necessary steps to take in order to create a successful civilization. 2 Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 Humans are children of their environments. -Sinichi Suzuki CHAPTER 1 3 Modifications Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 SECTION 1 Part I Analysis of the Problem The rst step in building a successful civiliza- tion is to secure basic human needs, such as food and water. Due to its geography, the ma- jor challenges the civilization of Roriasparkle face in achieving a basic food and water sup- ply include the following: Figure 1.1 Lorem Ipsum dolor amet, consectetur Id malesuada lectus. Suspendisse potenti. Etiam felis nisl, cursus bibendum tempus nec. Aliquam at turpis tellus. Id malesuada lectus. Suspendisse est lorem ipsum potenti. Human Changes to the Land 4 Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 1. Growing crops in this desert oasis is quite a challenge due to the lack of rich, fertile soil. The scarcity of soil makes farming and raising livestock problematic. The few edible fruits and vegetables that thrive in the desert are not enough to feed a growing civilization. Also, re- lying heavily on trade for food, which is a ba- sic necessity, is risky and could lead to the col- lapse of Roriasparkle. Therefore, a sustain- able farming system is a di"cult challenge that the people of Roriasparkle need to over- come. 2. Maintaining a stable water supply will prove di"cult because only a limited amount of people can live around the oasis. The peo- ple who live farther from the water supply will have to hike over the massive, 800 ft. dunes surrounding the water unless the people of Roriasparke can nd an e!ective way to trans- port water. The dry sand will soak up the wa- ter trying to be transported; so digging canals in the sand is not an option. Unless the Spark- lyrs can overcome this setback, the civilization of Roriasparkle will have a di"cult, if not im- possible time expanding. Part II Proposed Solutions 5 Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 Modications and adaptations are essential for building a successful civilization because they supply basic needs for the rapidly grow- ing population. An adaptation is a change a human or animal makes to themselves to bet- ter t in to their environment. For example, when the Arabs traveled with camels, they adapted their form of transportation to better suit their needs. A modication is when a hu- man changes their environment to better t their needs. When the Aztecs used oating gardens called Chinampas, they modied their environment to better suit their needs. Adaptations and modications are essential in forming a successful civilization. 6 The Arabs adapted their way of living by using camels to carry their supplies. http://opadollar.ru/sites/default/les/touchpro/imgs-33 -1280-800.jpg Gallery 1.1 Modications to the Land Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 The citizens of Roriasparkle do not have an abundant supply of cultivated soil, therefore they need to nd ways to use the little soil they have. Sparklyrs will create an irrigation sys- tem with raised-earth platforms in the center. Once per day, the farmers of Roriasparkle will open passageways that lead to the crops, keep- ing the plants healthy and irrigated while bringing water to the villages. Frey clearly states, In swampy lowlands, the Maya con- structed raised earth platforms surrounded by canals that drained o! extra water (268). This solution is di!erent from the Mayans because the Sparklrys will use the raised-earth plat- forms to irrigate crops instead of draining o! excess water. This allows for a more sustained food supply, therefore it helps support the growing civilization. Sparklyrs are faced with the challenge of wa- ter, not because of a lack of it, but because they will have di"culty transporting it. The Sparklyrs will build a dual pipe irrigation sys- tem made from hollowed out palm trees, be- cause when one pipe needs to be repaired, the other pipe can still transport water. Accord- ing to Frey, [The Aztecs had] twin pipes ran from Chapultepec springs, three miles away (275). These pipes will transport water to a fountain in the center of each village. To col- lect water, the villagers will collect the water in clay bowls. After Roriasparkle has over- come the challenge of e!ectively transporting 7 Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 water it will allow the Sparklyrs to expand more because they will not have to hike as far to get water because it will be in the center of the village. This is an example of an aqueduct Gallery 1.2 Canals and Reservoirs 8 Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 The peoples good is the highest law. -Cicero CHAPTER 2 9 Law & Government Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 SECTION 1 Lesson #1: All Classes Must Be Included The civilization can learn many lessons from Greek and Roman governments in relation to classes. In the Roman Senate and Oligarchies of Greece, the government o"cials treated the working class unfairly, so the working class rebelled. In Rome, the Plebeians were unnoticed by the Senate, and in the Oligar- Figure 2.1 Lorem Ipsum dolor amet, consectetur The government building of Roriasparkle, where all the day to day government is run. Maintaining Civil Order 10 Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 chies, the working class was disregarded. Frey states, [The oligarchs] passed laws that the poor did not like, and they used the army to forced people to obey them (255). This proves that ignoring a class, will lead to rebel- lion. The civilization of Roriasparkle will let everyone voice their opinions. People will be able to suggest their ideas and have a voice, so that do not rebel. Everyone will be able to voice his or her opinions during the council and everyone over the age of 16 will be able to vote. Indisputably, the civilization of Rorias- parkle will learn important lessons about classes from the Roman Republic and Greece. Lesson #2: 60 is Too Old The civilization of Roriasparkle has agreed that sixty is too old of a minimum age because of lessons from Athens and Sparta. In the 11 Interactive 2.1 Greek Ruling System Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 Spartan Council of Elders, the minimum age was sixty. When a person is sixty, they have ex- perience, but people of that age are generally not open-minded and have old solutions to new problems. Also, when the minimum age is sixty, there isnt much variety of the people who are voting, so there the votes dont repre- sent the whole civilization. The civilization of Roriasparkle decided to have an age mini- mum that is much like the Assembly in Ath- ens. In Athens, all male citizens are allowed to vote. Frey states that, Every [Athenian] citi- zen could take part in the citys government (261). This is much better than 60 because there is more variety in the people voting. The citizens of Roriasparkle will be able to vote at age 16 and take part in the day-to-day govern- ment at age 30. This allows for more variety and the voice will be coming from everyone who is involved in the government, not just the elders. 30 is a good choice for day-to-day procedures because they have a good mixture of experience and knowledge. Unquestiona- bly, 60 is too old because not enough voices are heard. Lesson #3 Everyone Should Have Voting Rights Many important lessons can be learned from Athens about voting rights. In Athens, all citi- zens could take part in the Assembly, and 500 12 Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 citizens who were over 30 were selected to be in the Council of 500. However, the citizens were free men over the age of 18 who were born in Athens. Though the voting process is quite benecial, this system completely ig- nores many members of Athenian society in- cluding women, slaves and men who were not born in Athens. This could cause many prob- lems in Athenian government because women and slaves are not included in the government.Frey states that, Every citizen could take part in the citys government (261). In the civilization of Roriasparkle, everyone over the age of 16 will be able to vote. This al- lows for everyone to have a say in what hap- pens in the civilization of Roriasparkle. Also, if everyone over 16 is allowed to vote, this al- lows for a more accurate representation of the civilization. Incontrovertibly, the Sparklyrs 13 The Roman Senate ignored the working class. Only Patricians, or aristocrats were allowed to be in the Senate. Eventually, the Plebe- ians rebelled, and the were given more rights. Eventually, the plebe- ians were allowed to be in the Senate. Citation: http://blogs.ubc.ca/cners/les/2013/03/246238-1.jpg Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 can learn many important lessons about vot- ing rights from Athens. Code of Laws Part 1 The major threats to the success of Roriaspar- kle are food, water, property, safety and selling/trade. Food is an immense problem that denitely needs to be solved. In the oasis, there is an abundance of water, but there is not quite as much food. Therefore, citizens might try to steal their neighbors food if there is a shortage. Another problem that needs to be xed is water. Though there is a reliable water source that is quite large, it doesnt rain much in the desert, so the water must be ra- tioned out until there is rain. There must be a way to make sure that people do not take more than they are permitted. Also, a problem that might arise is property. If people do not clearly mark where their property ends, peo- ple could become confused about whos prop- 14 The twelve tables were the code of laws put in order by the Roman Re- public. The Plebe- ians (the working class of Rome) pro- tested that it was unfair that the Pa- tricians (The aristo- crats of Rome) could make up laws be- cause there were no written laws. After the Plebeians protested, the Patricians made a Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 erty is whos and trouble could arise. Also, if there isnt a clear marker of where the prop- erty ends, dishonest citizens might try to steal goods from someones land. Additionally, there is a problem of safety. The Sparklyrs need to be protected from people who might cause any harm to them or their loved ones, so strictly enforced laws are needed. Undoubt- edly, there are many problems that need to be avoided by enforcing laws. It is written that all people shall follow these laws: I. One shall not steal. If they do, they will need to return the item stolen and give them the amount of money that the item is worth. II. One must not at- tack a fellow citizen. If one attacks an- other, they will spend 4 years in prison III. Each family will be able to take 1 large, 5 gallon bucket per family member per day. If 15 The Hammurabi Code is the rst of- cial code of laws. It was made by Hammurabi, who said that the gods ordered him to make the code and that they were the word of the gods. Citation: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikiped ia/commons/d/dc/Code_of_Hammur abi.jpg Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 the family needs more water, they can pay a sparkle for a rell. If somebody takes more wa- ter than permitted, they will pay a ne of 20 sparkles. IV. One must not steal others crops. If a citi- zen steals another citizens crops, they will pay a ne of 30 sparkles and give the citizen 1/10 of the crops that they harvested that year. V. If a Sparklyr is accused of breaking a law, that citizen must go to court. If one doesnt go to court, they will be assumed guilty VI. All judges in court must be impartial. If a judge is found guilty of not being impartial, they will serve a life sentence in prison. VII. A person must mark the end of their prop- erty clearly with a fence. If a person doesnt dis- tinguish their property line, it will not be le- gally theirs. VIII. People cannot have property directly on the waterfront. They must be at least 15ft away from it. If a citizens property is less than 15 feet away from the water, they will lose all of their land and will have to buy it back from the government. All the laws in the civilization of Roriasparkle were put in order for a reason. The rst one is, one shall not steal. This law falls into the cate- gory of property. If people were allowed to 16 Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 steal in the civilization of Roriasparkle, no- body would be able to insure that their prop- erty is safe. No one would trust their neigh- bors and the civilization would crumble. An- other commandment is that one must not at- tack a fellow citizen. This rule is an example of safety. This is to insure that people are pro- tected in the civilization. The third law is that each family will be able to take 1 large, 5 gallon bucket per family member per day. This law was put in place because in the desert, there isnt much rainfall, and the water from the oa- sis needs to support a whole civilization, so if someone takes too much, the water could be wasted on one person. Another rule is that one must not steal anothers crops. This de- cree created because crops are source of food, which is limited in the sandy oasis. If people steal others crops, some Sparklyrs will go hun- 17 The water and food supply in Roriasparkle is limited, so therefore there needs to be laws protecting the food and water supply Gallery 2.1 Lorem Ipsum dolor amet, consectetur Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 gry. The edict, if a Sparklyr is accused of breaking a decree is important because the Ro- man Republic had multiple acts that fall un- der the category, much like this one. Also, if people are allowed to not go to court, they will not go if they know that they are guilty, so people will be able to steal without being sen- tenced. Additionally, all judges in court must be impartial. If a judge is found guilty of not being impartial, they will serve a life sentence in prison corresponds with the past one. Only people that are guilty should be in prison, so to make court as fair as possible, the judges of Roriasparkle need to be impartial. A person must mark the end of their property clearly with a fence. If a person doesnt distinguish their property line, it will not be legally theirs. Quarrels can easily occur about property lines, so there should be a directive to settle these disputes. It would be a waste of time to have people go to court every time they disagreed about property laws, so a rule should be set to settle each dispute. The law, people cannot have property directly on the waterfront was established to avoid people trying to take ex- cess water from the oasis. Political Leadership Important lessons that can be learned about Julius Caesar are that a leader must care for everyone in the civilization to avoid rebellion. 18 Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 Julius Caesar was a dictator of Rome who was granted power from the senate because they were frightened by his actions. As the dic- tator of Rome, Julius Caesar cared for the poor and ended civil wars by giving work to thousands of unemployed by starting projects to make new roads and public buildings. Also, he hosted free gladiator contests to satisfy the poor and limited excessive slave use so poor, free citizens could nd more work. Julius Cae- sar satised many by lowering taxes, and satis- ed people living in conquered lands by allow- ing free people in Gaul, Spain and Sicily to be citizens. Additionally he limited the amount of slaves that could be employed and gave landless peasants and soldiers land. This is im- portant because by making the citizens happy, he was preventing civil wars and allowing the poor unemployed citizens to gain money. Also, by satisfying the needs of citizens, the 19 Julius Caesar was a good leader who cared and provided jobs for the people, but he was arrogant and disregarded the senate, who stabbed him 23 times. http://fearlessmen.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Emperor-Julius-Caesa r.jpg Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 citizens are more likely to protect the leader in times of war. In the article, Julius Caesars Rule as Dictator, it is stated that, By limit- ing the number of slaves estates could employ, poor free people were able to nd more work. Furthermore, the civilization of Roriasparkle will care for the poor similarly to Julius Cae- sar. They will supply jobs to those who are job- less by creating projects to make Roriasparkle safer and prettier. This will beautify Roriaspar- kle as well as keeping those who are without work occupied, therefore avoiding rebellion. Also, they will allow those from conquered ter- ritories to be citizens and have a say in the gov- ernment. This will prevent the people of con- quered lands from rebelling. Additionally, the rulers of those territories will become gover- nor over that area, so they do not turn into an ambitious leader who starts a rebellion. Like- wise, the civilization of Roriasparkle will not have slaves, so the poor, free people will be able to have the jobs that the slaves would have had otherwise, therefore providing even more jobs. Undeniably, The civilization of Roriasparke will learn from Julius Caesars successes to avoid rebellion. An important lesson that can be learned about Augustuss reign is that a leader must encour- age the arts and knowledge so that a civiliza- 20 Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 tion can expand culturally inventions can be made to keep people safer. Augustus did many things to help the arts and knowledge, including building Romes rst library. This is important because if a leader supports educa- tion, the civilization will have an advantage in times of war. Also, these advances in technol- ogy will make daily life simpler for the civiliza- tion. Augustus also supported the arts. In the article, Political Leadership of Caesar Augus- tus, it is stated that [Caesar Augustus] also encouraged his wealthy friends to provide - nancial support for writers and artists. This also is important because artists will beautify the civilization by adding art and sculptures to public places in Rome and the writers will con- tribute to the li- brary and help edu- cation. Moreover, the leaders of Rori- asparkle will learn from Augustus. The civilization of Roriasparke will cre- ate libraries and pro- vide funding for writers artists, and also scientists, engi- neers and inventors, therefore helping Roriasparke expand cultur- ally, technologically and will make progresses in schooling and knowledge. With these devel- 21 Caesar Augustus was a dictator shortly after the death of Julius Cae- sar. He was a good ruler, making many of the same changes that Julius Caesar had made before. Also, he learned from Julius Caesars mis- takes and gave the Senate high posi- tions in the government. Citation; http://blog.iese.edu/leggett/les/2012 /10/Caesar-augustus1.jpg Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 opments in technology, Sparkylrs will be able to live a safer life because of the advances in in- ventions and technology involving safety. Also, the civilization of Roriasparkle will have an excellent schooling program and will ac- cept a large number of scholarships for those who cannot a!ord to pay for school. By learn- ing about supporting arts and knowledge from Caesar Augustus, the civilization will be able to thrive through arts and knowledge Decline of the Western Roman Empire The decline of the Western Roman Empire was mostly caused by the decline in morals and values and political corruption. Crimes of violence were a problem in the Roman Em- pire. It was unsafe to go out into the streets with such a high crime rate, so people stayed inside for the majority of the day. Also, the Emperors hosted parties in which people be- came ill because they ate and drank too much. According to Decline of the Western Roman Empire, [Roman] Emperors like Nero and Caligula became infamous for wasting money on lavish parties where guests ate and drank until they became ill (Decline of the Western Roman Empire). With all these parties, lead- ers and important people in a civilization would take days to recover, making every- thing move slowly for days after. Also, gladia- 22 Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 tor ghts, encouraged violence, so that helped the ever increasing crime rate. Correspond- ingly, political corruption caused for an unsuc- cessful civilization because the decision of a new ruler was based solely on money. With this problem, leaders were not selected for their worthiness of becoming a leader, so with- out worthy leaders, the problems could not be xed. In Rome the leaders were selected by the Praetorian Guard, and it was an auction process. After the Praetorian guardsmurdered 25 rulers out of 37 in o"ce, any person quali- ed and worthy of the position would no longer run for fear that they would be mur- dered as well. This was cause for trouble, be- cause neighboring tribes could have paid spies to run for o"ce. Additionally, with so many leaders being murdered, trustworthy leaders did not have enough time to x the problems of Rome, so without a good leader, the problems continue to persist. It is clear that the decline of Rome was caused by politi- cal corruption and the decline in morals and values. The civilization of Roriasparkle will learn from the mistakes of the Western Roman Em- pire by not having a decline of morals and val- ues and political corruption. For example, the civilization of Roriasparkle will have laws passed aboutmorals and values, such as laws 23 Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 that regard safety, public displays of violence and politeness and courtesy. Also, a fair and methodical voting system will be imposed to insure that the right person is chosen. The citi- zens of Roriasparkle will vote, and there will be a male and female president elected. The fe- male will be known as Roria and the male will be known as the Sparkle. These rulers will have the power to veto laws, suggest new rules, make more jobs and decide where tax money is spent. With a system that is methodi- cal and precise, political corruption is out of the question. Also, if the civilization is able to vote, the leader cannot pass unfair laws. Also, political corruption in the Roman Empire re- lated to military spending. For instance, in Rome, most of the tax money went towards the military instead of projects to improve the safety of the Roman Empire (paraphrase from The Decline of The Western Roman Em- pire,). The two leaders of Roriasparkle will make sure that the tax money is spent wisely. For example, taxes will be spent on housing for the poor, jobs to improve the safety of Rori- asparkle, funding for scientists and engineers who can improve the military, as well as art- ists and writers. Also, taxes will be allotted public school systems to promote knowledge and learning. Political corruption and the de- cline of morals and values are denitely the two most important lessons that can be learned from the Western Roman Empire. 24 Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 As a [person] believes, so the person will act. -Sam Harris CHAPTER 3 25 Belief Systems Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 SECTION 1 Importance of Belief Systems A belief system determines the morals and val- ues of a person, which helps a civilization in a way laws cannot. Laws and government can tell people what to do and the consequences, but laws and government alone cannot ensure that people are caring, helpful, nice, and law abiding citizens. A belief system will help lead Figure 3.1 Lorem Ipsum dolor amet, consectetur Id malesuada lectus. Suspendisse potenti. Etiam felis nisl, cursus bibendum tempus nec. Aliquam at turpis tellus. Id malesuada lectus. Suspendisse est lorem ipsum potenti. Impact of Belief Systems 26 Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 people to do the right thing and have good morals and values. Correspondingly, if some- thing goes wrong in a civilization, people with good morals and values will take a stand and try to make a change. Hinduism and Confu- cianism are popular belief systems that benet a civilization in these ways. Belief systems are critical for a successful civilization because it leads people to make right decisions in a way that laws and government cannot. To better understand the role of belief sys- tems within a civilization and how the can in- uence the actions and decisions of a people, consider the following moral dilemmas. Joe is a fourteen-year-old boy who wanted to go to camp very much. His father promised him he could go if he saved up the money for it himself. So Joe worked hard at his paper route and saved up the $40 dollars it cost to go to camp, and a little more besides. But just before camp was going to start, his father changed his mind. Some of his fathers friends decided to go on a special shing trip, and Joe's father was short of the money it would cost. So he told Joe to give him the money he had saved from the paper route. Joe didn't want to give up going to camp, so he thinks of refusing to give his father the money. If Joe practiced Hinduism, he would believe that listening to his father is the right thing to 27 Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 do. People practicing Hinduism have a com- plex belief system with many gods. They have a few basic concepts, however, including a strong belief in nonviolence. They believe that every living being has a soul, and hurting ones soul bad. Also, they have a strong belief in Karma, Dharma, and the reincarnation into another person after death. Ones Dharma is their duties. There is a general Dharma, and a Varna Dharma, that Hindus follow. If a per- son follows their dharma, then they have good Karma and are reincarnated into a higher be- ing after death. For instance, Frey states that, in the Vedas each social class, or Varna had its own duties (148). If Joe were Hindu, he would undoubtedly listen to his father, be- cause it is his Varna Dharma to listen to his fa- ther. This helps a make for a successful civiliza- tion because anyone following Hinduism would follow their Varna Dharma and listen to those above them, for example, their par- ents. If the civilization listens to their parents, they will be taught at an early age that crime is 28 Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 wrong, therefore reducing the crime rate. Also, Hindus believe in nonviolence, so that would further reduce the amount of murder and violent crimes. Indubitably, listening to his father would be the choice Joe would make if he were a Hindu. If Joe practiced Confucianism, he would lis- ten to his father, but have an honest conversa- tion with him. Confucianism is mainly based on relationships. There are ve basic relation- ships in Confucianism, ruler and subject, fa- ther and son, husband and wife, friend and friend and older sibling and younger sibling. Confucianism teaches that everyone must re- spect and obey those above them and in re- turn, the elders must be fair, honest and set a good example to those below them. For exam- ple, Frey states, Confucius taught, Do not do to others what you would not want done to you (208). Joe would listen to his father be- 29 Confucius founded Confucianism to help teach people how to be honest and fair rul- ers. Confucius taught that there were ve ba- sic relationships that that need to be main- tained; ruler and subject, husband and wife, Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 cause that is what Confucianism teaches. However, Joe would be honest with his father in order to maintain the relationship. Joe would remind his father of the basic teachings of Confucianism and tell him that taking his sons hard earned money is not being fair or wise. Confucianism would impact a civiliza- tion because people would be honest and fair. This would especially help politically because any politics that are practicing Confucianism would be honest and wise in during their reign. Additionally, people would strive to maintain a healthy relationship and would be honest with each other, creating for a more peaceful civilization. Joe would listen to his fa- ther if he practiced Confucianism, but have an honest conversation with him. Belief systems play a key role in making for a successful civilization because they inuence people in a way laws and government cannot. Hinduism and Confucianism are two very in- uential belief systems that can be learned from. Hinduism believes in nonviolence, which is extremely benecial in keeping down the crime rate. Also, if everyone follows their Dharma because they want good karma, then that would make sure that everyone is a help- ful, caring nice and law-abiding citizen. Confu- cianism will help citizens maintain relation- ships and teach the citizens how to treat peo- ple older than them, people younger than 30 Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 them and their equals. In all, belief systems are extremely benecial to a successful civiliza- tion. Role of the Catholic Church and its Belief System in Medieval Europe The vast religious inuence of the Roman Catholic Church caused it to have tremen- dous political and economic power after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in 476 C.E. During Medieval times, the church was the largest landowner in Western Europe. They gained most of this land through force. Additionally, they gained money from gifts from wealthy landowners and from the tithe, or special tax paid by the people of Western Europe. As stated by Frey, Each person was expected to give one tenth of his money, produce, or labor to help sup- port the church (33). The church grew eco- 31 In Medieval times, only the sons wealthy people received an educa- tion. At the time schooling was held in the church because an educa- tion was required for a job as a church ofcial. After some time, Univer- sities opened, and school was no longer held at the church. At the Uni- versity, the students were taught to be curious and to ask questions. This scared the church, because they didnt want people to ask ques- tions about their teachings. http://mrbrunken.happykidsschool.com.tw/_/rsrc/1351870892047/middleschool/news/amapassignmentthecrusades/Crusades%201-4%20 map.jpg Gallery 3.1 Lorem Ipsum dolor amet, consectetur Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 nomically due to the tithe paid by its follow- ers. The church was able to gain this land and money because they promised salvation. Dur- ing the Dark Ages, people wanted to have a better life after death, so they felt that support- ing and following the church was the best way to achieve salvation. Therefore, the church grew economically. Likewise, the church had immense political power. For example, Pope Gregory had more power than even the king. Pope Gregory made many changes in the church, including banning the selling of relig- ious o"ces, forbidding priests to marry, and forbidding emperors from choosing impor- tant church o"ces. The king didnt like this be- cause he appreciated being able to choose the head of o"ces, so he decided that Gregory was not Pope any- more. In response to this, Gregory excom- municated King Henry. As stated by Frey, This meant Henry was thrown out of the church and, therefore could no longer gain salvation (33). The people feared excom- munication because they wanted to gain salva- tion. They feared that if they obeyed the kings orders, they would end up being excommuni- cated as well. In conclusion, the religious power of the church caused the church to have great economic and political power. 32 Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 The Catholic Church inuenced peoples thoughts and deeds in the Middle Ages through the promise of salvation. After the col- lapse of the Western Roman Empire, West- ern Europe was in turmoil. During this time, there was not much political structure or pro- tection from outside enemies. Therefore, the people of Western Europe wanted to have a better life after death, so the strived to achieve salvation. For instance, Frey states that, The church taught that salvation, or the saving of a persons soul, would come to those who fol- lowed the churches teachings (31). The Pope, who was believed to be closest to God, had the most power over the civilization, even over the King. For instance, Pope Urban was able to send the majority of Western Europe on the crusades, or religious wars, through the promise of salvation. This makes for a success- ful civilization because it gives people a sense of hope even when a civilization is in chaos. The people will still be guided to have good thoughts, actions and deeds even when there is no political stability. However, this can make for an unsuccessful civilization because the Pope has more power than the king, so 33 Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 people may disregard laws in order to follow their belief system. Additionally, if an ambi- tious leader of faith abuses their power to gain more personal authority, this could under- mine an entire civilization and cause an em- pire to collapse. Incontrovertibly, the Catholic Churchs promise of salvation inuenced peo- ples thoughts, actions and deeds in the Mid- dle Ages. Belief System of Roriasparkle In an e!ort to create a successful civilization, the people of Roriasparkle have established their own belief system. This system shares similar religious beliefs and teachings with other world religions and guides the people of Roriasparkle to do right in a way that laws and government cannot. Here are some exam- ples. The rst tenet of the belief system of Rorias- parkle is called Roralite. This tenet empha- sizes intelligence, strong mindedness and edu- cation. Each day, all citizens are expected to complete a half hour focusing on their mind or education beyond what they are doing in school or work. They could read a challenging book, research an interesting or confusing topic or even just meditate on issues in their lives to strengthen their minds. This will help further the education of the citizens of Rorias- 34 Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 parkle, give them additional knowledge be- yond their years of being in school, and help strengthen their mind through these activi- ties. Roralite connects to the Buddhist con- cept of Right Concentration. Right Concen- tration is part of the Eightfold Path, a set of rules on how to live that the Buddhists prac- tice. Frey states that Right Concentration em- phasizes the ability to, focus your mind with practices such as meditation (159). Like Roral- ite, Right Concentration benets a civiliza- tion because the practice of meditation calms and strengthens the mind. Roralite helps make for a successful civilization because it helps people expand their knowledge. Also, with more intelligent citizens, there will be more advances in the civilization because this will allow people to make discoveries that they might have not been able to make other- wise. In conclusion, with the people of Rorias- parkle practicing Roralite, Roriasparkle will be a smarter, stronger minded and a more ad- vanced civilization. Sparklitity is the second tenet of faith in the civilization of Roriasparkle. Sparklitity empha- sizes trustworthiness and respect. This tenet has three sectors: Delhapi, Mieamie and Desi- titi. Delhapi, the rst sector, emphasizes re- spect of all classes. It teaches that everyone should be treated fairly, no matter what class they are in. The second sector, Mieamie, em- phasizes promise. According to Mieamie, all 35 Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 promises are sacred, and must be kept. This sector also teaches citizens to be wise about the promises a person makes and to not prom- ise anything one cannot keep. The third and nal sector, Desititi signies respect for others feelings, opinions and secrets. It in- structs the people of Roriasparkle to not tease others and to value their feelings as their own. Additionally, it teaches that everyone should have a chance to express their ideas, and that one should respect everyones point of view. Furthermore, Desititi educates that one should not gossip or share others secrets, be- cause one would not want their own secrets shared. Sparklitity strongly relates to Confu- cianism. Confucianism is a major belief sys- tem, which originated in China and strongly emphasizes maintaining healthy relationships. Sparklitity and Confucianism relate because of their emphasis on maintaining relationships through trust and respect. For instance, Frey states that Confucius taught, Do not do to others what your would not want done to you (208). Like Confucianism, the tenet of Sparkli- tity will help make for a successful civilization because it will help guide people to strive to maintain healthy relationships to respect oth- ers. With kinder and respectful people, the civilization of Roriasparkle will be more trust- ing. Also, if people are respectful of others ideas, new concepts will be accepted quicker, so this will allow for more advances within the 36 Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 society. Incontrovertibly, Sparklitity will guide the people of Roriasparkle to be kinder, trustworthy, and more respectful, thus mak- ing for a successful civilization. The third tenet of the belief system of Rorias- parkle is called Swirlt. Swirlt emphasizes com- passion and community service. This tenet teaches that community service and helping others is important for a citizen to do because it teaches them signicant life lessons and val- ues, that make for a healthy soul. Swirlt also emphasizes community service for minors be- cause it emphasizes what its like in the real world and leads them away from a life of crime and murder. Swirlt requires that a mi- nor must do seven hours of community service per week. Also, each adult must do eight hours of community service per week or do- nate 5% 10% of their salary per month. The tenet of Swirlt strongly relates to Zakat. Zakat is one of the pillars of the Islam faith. This pillar, much like Swirlt, emphasizes com- passion and sharing. For instance, Frey states that, According to the teachings of Islam, Muslims must share about one fortieth (2.5 percent) of their income and possessions with their poorer neighbors. (98). Similar to Zakat, Swirlt makes for a successful civiliza- tion because it teaches the people of Rorias- parkle the importance of sharing. Addition- ally, the emphasis of community service in mi- nors will help develop important moral values 37 Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 in youth. Swirlt will not only guide the people of Roriasparkle to be better people, but helps make the civilization better. For instance the strong emphasis on community service will help make the civilization more beautiful. Also, the money from Swirlt will help create homeless shelters, public schools, soup kitch- ens and many more important buildings. In summation, Swirlt will help guide the people of Roriasparkle to be more compassionate and teach them important moral values. 38 Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 CHAPTER 4 39 Ideas A person may die, nations rise and fall but an idea lives on. -John F. Kennedy Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 SECTION 1 During the Renaissance, the humanist mindset promoted new ideas because of the changes in the literature and art. The human- ist mindset was a mindset that people had the dignity and potential to achieve greatness and that everyone had worth. Also, the humanist mindset taught people to question every- Figure 4.1 Lorem Ipsum dolor amet, consectetur http://rappingmanual.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/BrightIdea.jpeg Power of Ideas 40 Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 thing. The humanist mindset was practiced by many people in the Renaissance. This was di!erent from the mindset of the church be- cause instead of focusing on life after death, the people of the Renaissance focused on their mind, and achieving personal greatness. Dur- ing this time, people focused less on the Catholic Church and achieving salvation, so the literature of this time was about non- religious topics. For instance, Frey states that, In contrast [to Medieval writers], Renais- sance writers were interested in individual ex- perience and the world around them (328). These changes are important because the ad- vances in literature led to the way authors write today. Also, the humanist mindset led to many important advances in art. The sculp- 41 William Shakespeare is an example of a Renaissance writer who wrote about non-religious topics. citation: http://0.tqn.com/d/friendship/1/0/B/5/-/-/william-shakespeare.jpg Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 tures of this time were free standing, apposed to the relief sculptures, of the middle ages. Also, these sculptures displayed emotion and humanist ideas. Correspondingly, the paint- ings of the Renaissance were di!erent to those of the Medieval times because the Ren- aissance painters utilized perspective to make the paintings more realistic. It is stated by Frey, One of the key advance made by the Renaissance painters was the discovery of per- spective (326). This is important because painters discovered perspective through ex- perimentation, which is something that did not occur during the Middle Ages. Also, be- cause of the focus experimentation and ques- tioning everything, the painters of the Renais- sance invented oil paint, which dries much 42 This Renaissance painting uses perspective, which helps make the painting more realistic citation:http://brittanytalley01.les.wordpress.com/2013/02/renaissance-art-10.jpeg?w=474 Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 slower than the egg based paint of the Middle Ages. Similarly, people in medieval times werent highly educated, whereas the artists of the Renaissance studied math and geometry to make their paintings more realistic. The hu- manist mindset help make for a successful civi- lization because it allows a civilization to ad- vance. With people questioning everything and trying to nd new and better solutions to problems in the civilization, such as transpor- tation, stable food and water supply and pro- tection from outside civilizations. Also, people will invent new technology, which will give a civilization an advantage over other civiliza- tions. However, the humanist mindset can cre- ate for an unsuccessful civilization because it can cause civilians to question the belief sys- tem, which keeps people moral and ethical, also helps create for a successful civilization. If people do not believe in the teachings of the belief system, then they could become unethi- cal or not know how to live a moral life. In conclusion, the humanist mindset allowed for advances in literature and art during the Ren- aissance. Part 1 The questionable practices of the Catholic Church caused for the credibility of the church to decline, therefore making for an un- successful civilization. In the Renaissance, 43 Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 the Pope and priests did not follow the churchs teachings. For instance, they often broke vows not to marry or have children. The o"- cials often behaved like royalty as well and did not follow the teachings of God. They wore lavish garments ornamented with gold, silver and diamonds and often had ner clothing than the king. Also, the church positions were bought into, instead of g iven to people who were qualied to do the job. Correspondingly, the church only printed the bible in Latin, so only a few, highly edu- cated people could read it, making so the gen- eral public could not read Gods teaching. An- other thing that troubled d the people was the practice of selling indulgences. As stated by Frey, An indulgence is a release from punish- ment for sins (348). This troubled people be- cause they felt that gaining salvation is a thing that people should earn, instead of buy into. Additionally, members of the Catholic 44 Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 Church were required to pay taxes to the church and had to pay a ne to go on pilgrim- ages, so the people were displeased at the amount of money they had to pay to the church. The corruption of the Catholic Church caused for an unsuccessful civilization because people no longer trusted the church or follows their teachings. If people are not fol- lowing the Catholic Church, their morals and values could decline, and they would lose hope in hard times. A belief system is impor- tant for guiding people through the chal- lenges that they face in everyday life, so if the credibility of the church declines, peoples mor- als and values will decline and a sense of hope will be lost. In conclusion, the Catholic Church had many questionable practices, which lead to the decline of the church and caused for an unsuccessful civilization. 45 Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 The corruption of the Catholic Church caused people, such as Martin Luther to ques- tion its teachings, which caused the church to attempt to eliminate the teachings of Martin Luther. Martin Luther was a Catholic priest and scholar who lived in the early 1500s. The church claims that the way to gain salvation is to listen to the teachings of the church. How- ever, Martin Luther studied the bible exten- sively and determined that the sacraments were not the way to gain salvation, and that only two sacraments were important: Bap- tism and the Eucharist. He also taught that the way to gain salvation is to have faith in God, not to preform certain actions. Also, Martin Luther did not believe in indulgences. For instance, Frey states that, [Martin Lu- ther] felt that [by selling indulgences,] the church was selling false salvation to unedu- cated people (352). Martin Luther protested 46 This is St. Peters Cathedral, which was be- ing constructed during Martin Luthers time. The pope didnt have enough fund- ing to nish the construction of the Cathe- dral, so he sent ministers out to sell indul- gences, or a guarantee that the person who bought the indulgence will enter heaven. Of course, this infuriated Martin Luther, who felt that indulgences were false, and a Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 the Catholic Church by presenting a list of ar- guments called the Ninety-Five Theses to church leaders. This caused controversy be- cause many people supported him and his ideas, and the idea was growing, but the church disparaged the idea. Eventually, the idea formed into a new religion. The new relig- ion was named Lutheranism. The Catholic Church, however was against Lutheranism, and Luther was excommunicated from the church. Also, the church asked the German government to silence him once and for all. Af- ter this, Luther was brought before the diet, an assembly of state leaders in the city of Worms. At the risk of his life, he refused to take back his teachings (Frey 353). Martin Lu- thers teachings made for an unsuccessful civili- zation because it can undermine a belief sys- tem, such as the Catholic Church. People will start recognizing its corruption, and stop fol- lowing its teachings. Also, the Church did not have a good way to eliminate ideas that could be detrimental to their success, so they attempted to end the ideas in a way that caused people to think they were corrupt and unjust. In summation, the Catholic Church felt the need to eliminate the ideas of Martin Luther because of they threatened the teach- ings of the church. Part 2 47 Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 The civilization of Roriasparkle has an ef- fective strategy to help exterminate the ideas that may undermine the civilization of Rorias- parkle. Citizens of Roriasparkle may question the law, each family will be able to take 1 large, 5 gallon bucket per family member per day. If the family needs more water, they can pay a sparkle for a rell. If somebody takes more wa- ter than permitted, they will pay a ne of 20 sparkles. They might argue that a person should have as much water as they want to keep them from dehydrating in the desert, even though they are supplied with ample wa- ter. Humanists may also argue that water should be free, so that everyone can have the water, not only the people that can a!ord it. Also, the practice of spending one hour a day focusing on the mind or education may be questioned because humanists could say that 48 The practice of having only 1, 5 gallon bucket per person per day may be questioned by people because they may argue that a person should have as much water as they would like. Also, a person may argue that addi- tional buckets of water should be given for free, not bought so that every- one could have as much water as they would like. Gallery 4.1 Lorem Ipsum dolor amet, consectetur Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 it is a waste of an hour and that people should spend time focusing on their job. Also, a hu- manist could argue that people should also have the option to include the arts in this hour. All these ideas could undermine the suc- cess of the civilization, so therefore the civiliza- tion has a helpful and e!ective strategy to deal with these threats. To deal with the threats of harmful ideas, the civilization of Roriasparkle decide if will allow people a certain amount of time that they is allowed to test the idea, de- pending the idea and the amount of time that is needed to see the outcome. For example, if the idea that is being trialed is that people should be able to have an unlimited water sup- ply, the idea would not only be trialed for a day because that wouldnt be enough time to see whether the idea is benecial to the civiliza- tion. After the trial is over, an unbiased judge will decide if the idea had a positive, neutral or negative e!ect to the civilization. If the idea had a positive e!ect, the government will pro- vide funding to support the promotion of the idea. If the idea had a neutral a!ect, the judge will decide if the idea is going to harm or help the civilization on a in the long run. If the idea will help the civilization, the person who thought of the idea will be allowed to pro- mote the idea, but they will not be provided funding through the government. Conversely, if the judge determines that the idea will harm the civilization in the long run, the person 49 Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 with the idea will not be allowed to promote the idea, but they will still be allowed to live an ordinary life in the civilization. However, if the idea is detrimental to the civilization, per- son with the idea will have to provide the fund- ing or work needed to x the harm they have imposed on the civilization of Roriasparkle, or else they will be excommunicated from the civilization. This strategy will help make for a successful civilization because this strategy will still allow for advances in the civilization, but it will help keep the harmful ideas away be- cause people will present their ideas with cau- tion. The fact that there is a risk in presenting the ideas will make sure that people will only present their ideas if they are sure that they are right. In conclusion, the e!ective strategy used by the government of Roriasparkle will help keep unwanted ideas out of the civiliza- tion because people will present their ideas with caution. 50 The system used by the civilization of Roriasparkle to exterminate bad ideas is helpful because it eliminates ideas that would be detrimental to the civilization effectively. All ideas will be tested, so even ideas that seem absurd or wrong have a chance to be proven right. citation: http://www.social-engineer.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/right-and-wrong-decisions.jpg Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 Part 3 Isaac Newton was a physicist whos ideas advanced the previous belief in Europe. In 1643, Isaac Newton was born to a wealthy farmer who died three months before his birth. After some time, his mother remarried and he lived with his grandparents. When Isaac grew up, he went to attend Cambridge University. His time there was cut short, how- ever due to an epidemic in the plague. During his time away, Newton made important dis- coveries, such as the discovery of gravity and the discovery of calculus. For instance, it is stated that, The two years he spent there were an extremely fruitful time during which he began to think about gravity. He also de- 51 citation: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3 voted time to optics and mathematics, work- ing out his ideas about 'uxions' (calculus) (BBC History). This idea helped advance the civilization because it allowed scientists and mathematicians to further their understand- ing of the earth and the planets. Also, it helped increase peoples knowledge of mathe- matics. The ideas of Isaac Newton would benet the civilization of Roriasparkle be- cause it would help further the citizens under- standing of the earth. The discovery of gravity was extremely important because it helped ex- plain many phenomenons that scientists hadnt been able to explain for centuries. Addi- tionally, if there were humanists in the civiliza- tion of Roriasparkle that are similar to Isaac Newton, then there will be many new ad- vances, such as advances in medicine, art, sci- ence, mathematics and technology. With new ideas such as the discovery of gravity, a civiliza- tion would be able to advance quickly. In con- clusion, the discoveries of Isaac Newton were extremely important and would make for a successful civilization. 52 Carlin, Victoria Monday, June 2, 2014 3:45:45 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:da:b3