ADSL

Bch khoa ton th m Wikipedia

Mc lc
[n]
1 Tng quan
2 ng dng
3 C ch hot ng
4 Cc thnh phn ca ADSL
o 4.1 Modem ADSL
o 4.2 Hot ng ca Modem ADSL
o 4.3 Mch vng/Local Loop
5 Cc thnh phn ADSL t pha nh cung cp dch v
o 5.1 DSLAM
o 5.2 BAS
6 Kt ni mng
o 6.1 Kt ni cc thnh phn
o 6.2 Cc giao thc c s dng gia Modem v BAS
o 6.3 Vai tr ca ATM
7 Cu trc ca ADSL
8 Modem ADSL trn thc t
9 Mi tng quan gia in thoi v ADSL
10 Cc chun ADSL
11 Tham kho
12 Lin kt ngoi
ADSL l t vit tt ca Ting Anh: Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line dch sang ting Vit
l ng dy thu bao s bt i xng, l mt dng ca DSL.
[1]
ADSL cung cp mt phng
thc truyn d liu vi bng thng rng, tc cao hn nhiu so vi giao thc truy cp qua ng
dy in thoi truyn thng theo phng thc truy cp quay s (Dial up). Khi truyn bng thng trn
ng dy in thoi c tch ra lm 2 phn, 1 phn nh dng cho cc tn hiu nh Phone, Fax.
Phn ln cn li dng cho truyn ti tn hiu ADSL. ngha ca cm t "bt i xng" trong ADSL
l do lng d liu ti xung v ti ln l khng bng nhau, vi d liu ch yu l ti xung.
Tng quan[sa | sa m ngun]


Mt router ASDL h tr chun Wi-Fi 802.11 b-g dng kt ni mng Internet.
ADSL l s thay th vi tc cao cho thit b Modem hoc ISDN gip truy nhp Internet vi tc
cao v nhanh hn. Cc biu sau ch ra cc tc cao nht c th t c gia cc dch v
cung cp.
Asymmetric: Tc truyn khng ging nhau hai chiu. Tc ca chiu xung (t mng ti
thu bao) c th nhanh gp hn 10 ln so vi tc ca chiu ln (t thu bao ti mng). iu
ny ph hp mt tt cho vic khai thc dch v Internet khi m ch cn kt ni (tng ng vi
lu lng nh thng tin m thu bao gi i) l c th nhn c mt lu lng ln d liu ti
v t Internet.
Digital: Cc Modem ADSL hot ng mc bt (0 & 1) v dng chuyn thng tin s ho gia
cc thit b s nh cc my tnh PC. Chnh kha cnh ny th ADSL khng c g khc vi cc
Modem thng thng.
Subscriber Line: ADSL t n ch hot ng trn ng dy thu bao bnh thng ni ti tng
i ni ht. ng dy thu bao ny vn c th c tip tc s dng cho cc cuc gi i hoc
nghe in thoi cng mt thi im thng qua thit b gi l "Splitters" c chc nng tch thoi
v d liu trn ng dy.
ng dng[sa | sa m ngun]
ADSL xc lp cch thc d liu c truyn gia thu bao (nh ring hoc cng s) v tng i
thoi ni ht trn chnh ng dy in thoi bnh thng, thng gi cc ng dy ny l local
loop. Thc cht ca ng dng ADSL khng phi vic truyn d liu i/n tng i in thoi ni
ht m l to ra kh nng truy nhp Internet vi tc cao. Nh vy, vn nm vic xc lp kt
ni d liu ti Nh cung cp dch v Internet. Mc d ADSL c s dng truyn d liu bng
cc giao thc Internet, nhng trn thc t vic thc hin iu nh th no li khng phi l c
trng k thut ca ADSL. Hin nay, phn ln ADSL c dng cho truy nhp Internet tc cao v
s dng cc dch v trn Internet mt cch nhanh hn.
C ch hot ng[sa | sa m ngun]


Chip DSL
ADSL tm cch khai thc phn bng thng tng t cn cha c s dng trn ng dy ni t
thu bao ti tng i ni ht. ng dy ny c thit k chuyn ti di ph tn s (frequency
spectrum) chim bi cuc thoi bnh thng. Tuy nhin, n cng c th chuyn ti cc tn s cao
hn di ph tng i hn ch dnh cho thoi. l di ph m ADSL s dng.
Thoi c bn s dng di tn s t 300 Hz ti 3,400 Hz. Trn thc t, cc Splitter c s dng
m bo d liu v thoi khng xm phm ln nhau trn ng truyn. Cc tn s m mch vng
c th chuyn ti, hay ni cch khc l khi lng d liu c th chuyn ti s ph thuc vo cc
nhn t sau:
Khong cch t tng i ni ht.
Kiu v dy ng dy.
Kiu v s lng cc mi ni trn ng dy.
Mt cc ng dy chuyn ti ADSL, ISDN v cc tn hiu phi thoi khc.
Mt cc ng dy chuyn ti tn hiu radio.
Cc thnh phn ca ADSL[sa | sa m ngun]
Trong phn ny chng ta s ln lt m t chc nng ca tng thnh phn ca ADSL, bt u t
Modem ADSL ti Nh cung cp dch v Internet. Chng ta cng xem xt pha ISP lc ra nhng
thnh phn c bn m h s dng cung cp dch v ADSL.
Modem ADSL[sa | sa m ngun]
Modem ADSL kt ni vo ng dy in thoi (cn gi l local loop) v ng dy ny ni ti thit
b tng i ni ht. Modem ADSL s dng kt hp mt lot cc k thut x l tn hiu tin tin nhm
t c tc bng thng cn thit trn ng dy in thoi thng thng vi khong cch ti
vi km gia thu bao v tng i ni ht.
Hot ng ca Modem ADSL[sa | sa m ngun]
ADSL hot ng bng cch vn hnh cng lc nhiu Modem, trong mi Modem s dng phn
bng thng ring c th.
S trn y ch m phng mt cch tng i, nhng qua ta c th nhn thy ADSL s dng
rt nhiu Modem ring l hot ng song song khai thc bng thng ti a v cung cp mt tc
rt cao. Mi ng k sc en trn th hin mt Modem v chng hot ng ti cc tn s
hon ton khc nhau. Trn thc t c th ti 255 Modem hot ng trn mt ng ADSL. im
c bit ch ADSL s dng di tn s t 26 kHz ti 1.1 MHz trong 10 MHz ca bng thng thoi.
Tt c 255 Modems ny c vn hnh ch trn mt con chp n.
Lng d liu m mi Modem c th truyn ti ph thuc vo cc c im ca ng dy ti tn
s m Modem chim. Mt s Modem c th khng lm vic mt cht no v s gy nhiu t
ngun tn hiu bn ngoi chng hn nh bi mt ng dy (local loop) khc hoc ngun pht v
tuyn no . Cc Modem tn s cao hn thng thng li truyn ti c t d liu hn bi l
tn s cng cao th s suy hao cng ln, c bit l trn mt khong cch di.
Mch vng/Local Loop[sa | sa m ngun]
"Local loop" l thut ng dng ch cc ng dy in thoi bnh thng ni t v tr ngi s
dng ti cng ty in thoi. Nguyn nhn xut hin thut ng local loop - l ngi nghe (in
thoi) c kt ni vo hai ng dy m nu nhn t tng i in thoi th chng to ra mt mch
vng local loop.
Cc thnh phn ADSL t pha nh cung cp dch v[sa | sa m
ngun]
Phm vi Nh cung cp dch v gm c ba thnh phn quan trng bao gm: DSLAM - DSL Access
Multiplexer, BAS - Broadband Access Server v ISP - Internet Service Provider.
DSLAM[sa | sa m ngun]
Mt thit b DSLAM c th tp hp nhiu kt ni thu bao ADSL - c th nhiu ti hng trm thu
bao - v t li trn mt kt ni cp quang. Si cp quang ny thng c ni ti thit b gi
l BAS - Broadband Access Server, nhng n cng c th khng ni trc tip ti BAS v BAS c th
c t ti bt c u. DSLAM l thit b t pha tng i, l im cui ca kt ni ADSL. N
cha v s cc Modem ADSL b tr v mt pha hng ti cc mch vng v pha kia l kt ni cp
quang.
BAS[sa | sa m ngun]
Broadband Access Server (BAS) l thit b t gia DSLAM v POP ca ISP. Mt thit b BAS c
th phc v cho nhiu DSLAM. Cc giao thc truyn thng c ng gi truyn d liu thng
qua kt ni ADSL, v vy mc ch ca BAS l m gi hon tr li cc giao thc trc khi i
vo Internet. N cng m bo cho kt ni ca bn ti ISP c chnh xc ging nh khi bn s
dng Modem quay s hoc ISDN. Nh ch gii trn, ADSL khng ch r cc giao thc c s
dng to thnh kt ni ti Internet. Phng php m PC v Modem s dng bt buc phi ging
nh BAS s dng cho kt ni thc hin c. Thng thng ADSL s dng hai giao thc chnh
l: PPPoE (PPP over Ethernet Protocol) v PPPoA (Point to Point Protocol over ATM).
Kt ni mng[sa | sa m ngun]
Kt ni cc thnh phn[sa | sa m ngun]
Di y s trnh by v nhng giao thc truyn thng c s dng trn kt ni ADSL. Khi kt ni
vo Internet, bn s dng cc giao thc chy tng vn chuyn TCP/IP (chng hn nh HTTP -
giao thc c s dng bi cc Web Browser). Qu trnh ny l ging nhau vi cc kiu truy nhp
quay s qua PSTN, ISDN v ADSL.
Cc giao thc c s dng gia Modem v BAS[sa | sa m ngun]
Khi quay s PSTN/ISDN truy nhp vo Internet, chng ta s dng giao thc gi l PPP vn
chuyn d liu TCP/IP v kim tra cng nh xc thc tn v mt khu ngi truy nhp. Trong
ADSL, PPP cng thng c s dng kim tra tn v mt khu truy nhp, v ATM th lun
c s dng mc thp nht. Kt ni in hnh nh di y:
Vai tr ca ATM[sa | sa m ngun]
ATM - Asynchronous Transfer Mode, c s dng nh l cng c chuyn ti cho ADSL mc
thp. L do v l cch thun tin v mm do i vi cc cng ty thoi mun ko di khong
cch kt ni t DSLAM ti BAS gip h c th t BAS bt c u trn mng. C hai tham s cn
phi thit lp cu hnh mt cch chnh xc trn Modem ADSL m bo kt ni thnh cng ti
mc ATM vi DSLAM: VPI (Virtual Path Identifier) v VCI (Virtual Channel Identifier).
Cu trc ca ADSL[sa | sa m ngun]
PPP l giao thc dng vn chuyn lu lng Internet ti ISP dc theo cc kt ni Modem v
ISDN. PPP kt hp cht ch cc yu t xc thc - kim tra tn/mt khu - v l l do chnh m
ngi ta dng PPP vi ADSL. Mc d BAS thc thi giao thc PPP v tin hnh vic xc thc,
nhng thc ra vic c thc hin bng cch truy nhp vo cc c s d liu khch hng t
ti ISP. Bng cch , ISP bit c rng cc kt ni do BAS nh tuyn ti - c xc thc
thng qua giao dch vi c s d liu ring ca ISP.
Modem ADSL trn thc t[sa | sa m ngun]
Modem ADSL thng minh bn thn n tch hp sn cc giao thc truyn thng cn thit (chng
hn thit b Modem ADSL Router hoc Modem c s dng kt ni qua cng
Card Ethernet 10/100Mb) nn ch vic la chn v khai bo VPI/VCI cho Modem.
Cn Modem ADSL th ng th phi hot ng da trn h iu hnh ca my tnh cung cp cc
giao thc cn thit. Cc loi Modem ny bt buc phi ci t phn mm iu khin Modem v thit
lp cc giao thc PPP, VPI/VCI. Vic cu hnh nh vy phc tp v i hi thi gian nhiu hn.
Ch c Windows 98SE, Windows ME, Windows 2000/XP v cc Windows th h mi l c ci sn
c ch thc thi ATM, v th ngi ta t s dng cc Modem th ng trn thc t. Mc d cc
Modem thng minh c h tr cc giao thc cn thit nhng chng vn c th c dng cho cc h
iu hnh ni trn. Cc Modem th ng c th ni vi PC thng qua giao din USB, hoc c th
c sn xut di dng PCI Card cm thng trn bng mch ch ca PC. Lu l vic khai
thc giao thc ATM khng c ngha l cn phi c Card mng ATM cho PC - ch l c ch h tr
bng phn mm trong h iu hnh.
Mi tng quan gia in thoi v ADSL[sa | sa m ngun]
ADSL cho php cng lc va truy nhp Internet tc cao li va c th thc hin cuc gi cng
trn ng dy . Thit b chuyn dng Splitters c s dng tch ring cc tn s cao dng
cho ADSL v cc tn s thp dng cho thoi. Nh vy, thng thng t cc Splitters ti mi u
ca ng dy - pha thu bao v pha DSLAM. Ti pha thu bao, cc tn s thp c chuyn
n my in thoi cn cc tn s cao i n modem ADSL. Ti cc tng i, cc tn s thp c
chuyn sang mng thoi PSTN cn cc tn s cao i n ISP.
Tc ca kt ni gia modem ADSL v DSLAM ph thuc vo khong cch ng truyn v tc
ti a c cu hnh sn trn cng ca DSLAM. Ngc li, tc kt ni vo Internet li cn
ph thuc vo nhiu yu t khc na nh s ngi dng kt ni, tc kt ni gia DSLAM v
BAS, s lng card DSLAM cng ni vo mt BAS v s lng ngi thc t ang kt ni.
Cc chun ADSL[sa | sa m ngun]


Tn s cc chun ADSL ph bin
Phin bn Tn chun Tn ph bin Tc ti v Tc ti ln ng dng nm
ADSL ANSI T1.413-1998 Issue 2 ADSL 8.0 Mbit/s 1.0 Mbit/s 1998
ADSL ITU G.992.1 ADSL (G.DMT) 8.0 Mbit/s 1.3 Mbit/s 1999-07
ADSL ITU G.992.1 Annex A ADSL over POTS 12.0 Mbit/s 1.3 Mbit/s 2001
ADSL ITU G.992.1 Annex B ADSL over ISDN 12.0 Mbit/s 1.8 Mbit/s 2005
ADSL ITU G.992.2 ADSL Lite (G.Lite) 1.5 Mbit/s 0.5 Mbit/s 1999-07
ADSL2 ITU G.992.3 ADSL2 12.0 Mbit/s 1.3 Mbit/s 2002-07
ADSL2 ITU G.992.3 Annex J ADSL2 12.0 Mbit/s 3.5 Mbit/s

Phin bn Tn chun Tn ph bin Tc ti v Tc ti ln ng dng nm
ADSL2 ITU G.992.3 Annex L RE-ADSL2 5.0 Mbit/s 0.8 Mbit/s

ADSL2 ITU G.992.4 splitterless ADSL2 1.5 Mbit/s 0.5 Mbit/s 2002-07
ADSL2+ ITU G.992.5 ADSL2+ 20.0 Mbit/s 1.1 Mbit/s 2003-05
ADSL2+ ITU G.992.5 Annex M ADSL2+M 24.0 Mbit/s 3.3 Mbit/s 2008
ADSL2++ (up to 3.75 MHz) ADSL4 52.0 Mbit/s ? 5.0 Mbit/s ? ang pht trin
Tham kho[sa | sa m ngun]
1. ^ ANSI T1.413-1998 "Network and Customer Installation Interfaces Asymmetric Digital
Subscriber Line (ADSL) Metallic Interface." (American National Standards Institute 1998)