CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1. General Approach
In this study, the system was simplified into control volumes with distinct exergy
inflows and outflows from each volume representing the different process flows. The
processes were approximated to steady state flow conditions. System components that will
be analyzed are: compressor, combustor, gas turbine, steam turbine and HS!. The
desired exergy output was compared to the necessary exergy input "rational efficiency#.
$ pro%ect layout "structure# was designed and schematic flow diagrams were drawn
for the system and the subsystems "processes#. elevant data were ac&uired and processed
using an 'xcel spread sheet. (y inputting the real operation and)or design parameters, the
exergy balance and exergy performance evaluation were performed. The reference
environment was defined as being the local environment of the *l+aria area. The
limitations and simplifying assumptions were stated and finally conclusions and
suggestions were made.
3.2. Scope and Limiaion!
This research will analyze exergy of each main components in ,ombined ,ycle
-ower -lant . /eramasan 'xtension -alembang includes: ,ompressor, ,ombustion
,hamber, !as Turbine, Heat ecovery Steam !enerator, !as Turbine, and ,ondensor.
0urthermore, this study also ma+e modifications to the fuel &uality improvement system
that is used in the combustion process by using steam reforming that aims to increase the
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added value of generated heat in order to improve exergetic efficiency in the Heat
ecovery Steam !enerator system.
3.3 Daa So"rce!
The data used in this analysis were obtained from the following sources :
$ctual plant operation logs for 45 6anuary 7849, the logs used included : daily plant
logs, turbine logs, auxiliary e&uipment logs and occurrence boo+:
;aily gas field monitoring reports:
;aily steam field monitoring reports:
,omposistion of 0uel "<atural !as#
0low diagram or steam cycle heat balance ,ombined ,ycle -ower -lant
/eramasan 'xtension -alembang:
=anual design ,ombined ,ycle -ower -lant /eramasan 'xtension -alembang:
The coefficient value of $ir and 0lue !as drawn from secondary data.
3.# General A!!"mpion!
!eneral assumptions that will be used in the calculation of the generating plant
performance analysis are:
The system is assumed to steady state:
!as turbine wor+s on steady state in accordance with manual design
operation boo+:
eference environment state used at ambient temperature:
To perform a power plant optimization a cost hypothesis for all components
of the plant had to be assumed.
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3.$ Re!earch %aria&le!
In this research, there are two variables that underlie the increased efficiency, either
thermodynamic efficiency or thermoeconomic optimization. The enhancement
thermodynamic efficiency by adding fuel &uality improvement system that is used in
combustion chamber by using steam reforming, the increasing of fuel &uality will affect
the increase in heat so the outlet gas temperature of combustion product will be relatively
higher because fuel used in combustion chamber is pure hydrogen gas. The increasing
exhaust gas in combustion chamber and gas turbine wor+ing in constant conditions ma+e
the exhaust gas from gas turbine has a higher temperature that will lead to Heat ecovery
Steam !enerator, so it will affect on the increasing exergetic efficiency in the steam used
in Steam -ower -lant Installation.
3.' Daa Proce!!in( Proced"re!
The data that will be analyzed, collected and then processed using the wor+sheet
?microsoft office excel? to calculate the efficiency of each component. 0urthermore, the
result of the calculation is arranged into a table and then displayed in graphical form.
3.) Sep! o* he Re!earch Proce!!
3.).1 Thermod+namic and hermoeconomic opimi,aion model
The aim of this optimization is to improve overall efficiency in ,ombined ,ycle
-ower -lant, by adding steam reforming installation to increase heat in the combustion
chamber so that the exhaust gas gained has a higher temperature. (y increasing the exhaust
gas temperature in combustion chamber and gas turbine will increase the heat in the
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,ombined ,ycle -ower -lant, thus can improve the exergetic efficiency in ,ombined
,ycle Steam Turbine ",,ST#, therefore it can increase the overall efficiency.
Here, a @Astep procedure is developed.
4. 'valuating the ,,-- performance
In the first step, evaluate the performance of the combined cycle and its components.
The initial data directly used to analysis the performance by using exergy analysis.
7. System =odification of ,ombustion ,hamber "Steam eformig# and 'valuation
In this second step, done the installation steam reforming that aims to improve fuel
&uality used in combustion chamber. $fter the installation of steam reforming further
the system reAevaluated using exergy analysis to see how much exergy was generated
after that installation.
@. 'valuate the performance of power plants and changes in operating costs by using
the optimal value of each parameter.
*nce the optimum values of the HS! operating parameters was determined, the
mutual influence of individual parameters is chec+ed in an iterative procedure. The
procedure converges &uic+ly and gives the final solution in a few iterations.
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3.- Schemaic Di*a(ram
3.-.1 Schemaic Dia(ram Com&ined C+cle Po.er Plan /0on1Modi*icaion2
0igure @.4 Schematic ;iagram of ,ombined ,ycle -ower -lant . /eramasan 'xtension
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3.-.2 Schemaic Dia(ram Com&ined C+cle Po.er Plan /Modi*icaion2
0igure @.7. 0lowsheet diagram of =odification ,,-- . /eramasan 'xtension "Steam eforming#
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3.3 O4erall *lo.char
0igure @.@ *verall 0lowchart of Bor+ in The esearch