Lesson 1

abrupt emphasis on surprise

He changed his mind abruptly.

without warning surprising, but also usually something extreme
Rain started pouring down without warning.

acclaim fame, good reviews
important collocations: to win acclaim, critically acclaimed
acclaimed artist, acclaimed author

adverse important collocation: adversely affected
His indecision adversely affected his job performance.
The lack of spending by Japanese people is adversely affecting our economy.

indecisive not decisive, bad at making decisions

indecision lack of ability to make decisions
I like our company president, but his indecision really irritates me sometimes. I wish
he made decisions quickly!

appealing
Definition 1: can be used to describe ideas or plans, an appealing idea, and
appealing proposal

Definition 2: to make an appeal, to appeal a political or legal request to
someone more powerful than you
our school club made an appeal to the school principal asking him to get rid of school
uniforms.

Definition 3: to be liked by
I think Disney movies appeal to younger viewers.

attractive emotionally or subjectively likeable (appealing usually means
objectively likeable)
-when used to describe people, it often means romantically appealing

disapproval important collocation: to be met with disapproval
My plan was met with skepticism and disapproval.

haphazardly randomly, chaotically

valid correct, justified, true
valid argument, valid complaint, valid reason

to grow on you to learn to like something
Italian wine will grow on you. = you will learn to like Italian wine over time
I didnt like the Italian language at first, but it grew on me.