Parallel Lines

Grade 7 Bilingual Math
Parallel lines
Jackie.Zhou
Yantai Yew Wah International School
junzhou013@gmail.com
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 7 Bilingual Math Parallel lines 1 / 19
Denition: a sentence which explain a word or a term
Acute angle: 0
< < 90
Isosceles triangle: a triangle with two edges are equal

Statement: a sentence to determine a thing
if a=b, then a+c=b+c
vertical angles are equal
if a,b,c are the edges a a triangle, and a
2
+b
2
= c
2
, then it is a right
angled triangle
Generally, a statement is: If condition , then conclusion
1. Give denitions for the followings.
(1) Angle (2) Angular bisector (3) Number axis (4)
Linear equation with one unknow
2. Tell which ones are statements?
(1) Two triangles with three same angles are congruent.
(2) Acute angle is smaller than right angle.
(3) Have you nish your homework?
(4) All primes numbers are odd numbers.
(5) Draw a parallel line through a point outside line l.
(6) If tomorrow is Friday, then the day after tomorrow is Sunday.
True statement vs False statement
(1) If three corresponding edges of two triangles are equal, they are
congruent.
(2) If a triangle is an isosceles triangle, the two base angles are equal.
(3) If the two diagonal of a quadrilateral are equal, it is a rectangle.
(4) If two triangles has the same area, they are congruent.
(1) and (2) are true statement; (3) and (4) are false statement
Counter example: If condition , but not conclusion
In the previous slide, only (2) is true statement.
Exercise (Rewrite the following in the form If...,then.... Tell
whether true or false. If false, give one counter example)
(1) The addition of two acute angles is an obtuse angle.
(2) Negative number smaller than zero.
(3) The absolute value of a real number is positive.
(4) If a > b, a > c, then b = c
(5) Two triangles with all three same angles are congruent.
(6) In an triangle, there is at least one obtuse angle.
(7) If a is a real number, then |a| > 0
Why proof necessary?
Observe that 2 >
1
2
, 3 >
1
3
, 4 >
1
4
..., so you have a statement: any
integer is greater than its reciprocal.
When n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, n
2
n + 11 is prime number. So you have a
statement: for any natural number, n
2
n + 11 is a prime number.
Proof:a convincing demonstration
We cannot tell a statement is true according to our
experience,observation,experiment
A mistake made by Pierre de Fermat
In history, lots of mathematicians try to nd a formula for prime number.
In 1640, he found that when n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, the number 2
2
n
+ 1 are 3, 5,
17, 257, 65537 which are all prime numbers. Therefore he excited to say:
for any natural number n, 2
2
n
+ 1(Fermats number) is a prime number.
Since Fermat is so famous and the diculties to check the statement,
nobody doubted the validity of the statement for a long time.
In 1732, Euler(1707-1783) showed that when
n = 5, 2
2
5
+ 1 = 4294967297 = 641 6700417, which negated the
statement. Interestingly, from n = 6, we no longer nd a prime number.
So somebody give a new statement: when n 5, all Fermats numbers are
not prime numbers.
Axiom: true statements accepted by everyone(no need proof)
Two points determine a line.
The shortest path of two points is the segments connecting them.
On a plane, through one point, there is only one line perpendicular to
a given line.
If corresponding angles are equal, then two lines are parallel.
Through one point, there is only one line parallel to a given line.
For two triangles, if three corresponding sides are equal, they are
congruent.
For two triangles, if two corresponding sides and the included angle
are equal, they are congruent.
For two triangles, if two corresponding angles and the included side
are equal, they are congruent.
Theorem is a proved true statement(need to prove)
Eg. If 1 = 2, 1 +3 = 180
, 2 +4 = 180
. Show that 3 = 4
1 and 2 are supplementary: 1 +2 = 180
1 and 2 are complementary: 1 +2 = 90
Theorem: The supplementary angles of two equal(same) angles are

equal
Eg. Prove: the complementary angles of two equal(same) angles are equal
1. AB, CD intersects at O, 1 and 2 are called vertical angles.
Prove:1 = 2
2.Students A, B, C, D, E are guessing their math grades:
A said: if I got A, then B got A
B said: if I got A, then C got A
C said: if I got A, then D got A
E said: if I got A, then E got A
The teacher said all the statements are true. Then if A got A, how many
students got A? What if C got A?
Theorem:If the interior angles on the same side are supplementary,
two lines are parallel
As in the graph, if 1 = 2, then a b
Theorem:If the alternate angles are equal, two lines are parallel
As in the graph, if 3 = 4, then c d
1. As in the graph, if 1 +2 = 180
, then a b
2. As in the graph, if ABP +BPC = 180
, a = 2, then EB PF
3. In
ABC, CD bisects ACB, DCB = 40
, AED = 80
. Prove
DE BC
Theorem:If two lines are parallel, then the interior angles on the same
side are supplementary angles
As in the graph, if a b, then 1 +2 = 180
Theorem:If two lines are parallel, then the alternate angles are equal
As in the graph, if c d, then 3 = 4
Theorem:If two lines are parallel, then the alternate angles are equal
As in the graph, if c d, then 5 = 6
1. Line c intersects with line a, line b. If a b, prove that 1 = 3
1. As in the graph, AD BC, ABD = D. Prove that BD bisects
ABC
Theorem: the sum of interior angles of a triangle is 180
As in the graph,
ABC is an arbitrary triangle, prove that

A+B +C = 180
Proof: Extend BC to get CD, draw a line

CE such that CE AB. Then
2 = B(corresponding angles are equal)
1 = A(alternate angles are equal)
Therefore,
A+B +C = 2 +1 +C = 180
Theorem: the sum of interior angles of a polygon with n edges is

(n 2) 180

1. In
ABC, ABC = 38
, ACB = 62
, AD bisects BAC. Find

the size of ADB
2. In
ABC, DE BC, A = 60
, C = 70
. Prove: ADE = 50
3. In Rt
ABC, ACB = 90
, CD AB. Prove: A = DCB

Corollary:In a triangle, one of its exterior angle equals to the sum of
the other two interior angles
As in the graph, 1 = A+B
Obviously, we have 1 > A, 1 > B
Exercise (Prove that 1 +2 +3 = 360
)
Theorem: the sum of all exterior angles of a polygon is 360

1. As in the star shape, show that A+B +C +D +E = 180
2. As in the graph, in
ABC, 1 is one of its exterior angle, E is a point

on AC, extend BC to point D, connect DE. Prove that 1 > D
3. In
ABC, A = 2B, exterior angle ACD = 150
. Find B
4. In
ABC, B = 40
, AE bisects BAC, exterior angle

ACD = 110
. Find AEC.
5. In
ABC, DAC = B. Prove ADC = BAC

6. In
ABC, BF bisects ABC, CF bisects ACB, A = 50
. Find
BFC.
7. As in the graph, prove that BDC = B +C +A

Parallel Lines

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Grade 7 Bilingual Math

Isosceles triangle: a triangle with two edges are equal

1 and 2 are complementary: 1 +2 = 90

Theorem: The supplementary angles of two equal(same) angles are

ABC, CD bisects ACB, DCB = 40

ABC is an arbitrary triangle, prove that

Proof: Extend BC to get CD, draw a line

Theorem: the sum of interior angles of a polygon with n edges is

Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 7 Bilingual Math Parallel lines 15 / 19

, AD bisects BAC. Find

, CD AB. Prove: A = DCB

Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 7 Bilingual Math Parallel lines 17 / 19

ABC, 1 is one of its exterior angle, E is a point

ABC, A = 2B, exterior angle ACD = 150

, AE bisects BAC, exterior angle

ABC, DAC = B. Prove ADC = BAC

ABC, BF bisects ABC, CF bisects ACB, A = 50

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