Dr. I Nyoman Gede Wardana, M.

Biomed
mandewardana@gmail.com


STRUCTURE OF RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
DIVIDED INTO 2 ZONES:

CONDUCTING ZONE

RESPIRATORY ZONE

NOSE
THE NOSE DIVIDED INTO 2 REGIONS:
EXTERNAL NOSE
INTERNAL NASAL CAVITY
EXTERNAL NOSE
VARIES CONSIDERABLY IN SIZE AND SHAPE
APEX, DORSUM OF THE NOSE, ROOT, NARES
(NOSTRIL)
CONSISTS OF BONY AND CARTILAGINOUS
PART
BONY PART:
NASAL BONES
FRONTAL PROCESSES OF THE MAXILLAE
NASAL PART OF THE FRONTAL BONE AND ITS NASAL
SPINE
BONY PART OF THE NASAL SEPTUM
CARTILAGINOUS PART:
LATERAL CARTILAGES, ALAR CARTILAGES, AND
SEPTAL CARTILAGE
NASAL CAVITY
LIES IN AND POSTERIOR TO THE EXTERNAL
NOSE
IS DIVIDED BY A MIDLINE NASAL SEPTUM
(PERPENDICULAR PLATE OF THE ETHMOID,
VOMER, SEPTAL CARTILAGE, AND NASAL
CRESTS OF THE MAXILLARY AND PALATINE
BONES)
OPENS POSTERIORLY INTO THE NASOPHARYNX
VIA CHOANAE
THE ROOF DIVIDED INTO THREE PART
(FRONTONASAL, ETHMOID, AND SPHENOID)
THE FLOOR IS FORMED BY THE PALATINE
PROCESS OF THE MAXILLA AND HORIZONTAL
PLATE OF THE PALATINE BONE)
LATERAL WALL IS UNEVEN BECAUSE OF THE
NASAL CONCHAE (SUPERIOR, MIDDLE, AND
INFERIOR)
PARANASAL SINUSES
MAXILLARY SINUS: MIDDLE MEATUS
SPHENOIDAL SINUS: SPHENOETHMOIDAL
RECESS
FRONTAL SINUS: MIDDLE MEATUS
ETHMOIDAL SINUS:
ANTERIOR AND MIDDLE ETHMOIDAL CELL:
MIDDLE MEATUS
POSTERIOR ETHMOIDAL CELL: SUPERIOR
MEATUS


NASOLACRIMAL DUCT: INFERIOR MEATUS

PHARYNX
DIVIDED INTO THREE REGIONS:
NASOPHARYNX
OROPHARYNX
LARYNGOPHARYNX
LARYNX
CONTINUOUS WITH THE TRACHEA
POSTERIORLY
EXTEND FROM C3-C6
CARTILAGES (HYALINE) OF THE LARYNX
SHIELD-SHAPED ANTEROSUPERIOR THYROID
CARTILAGE WITH A MIDLINE LARYNGEAL
PROMINENCE (ADAMS APPLE)
SIGNET RINGSHAPED ANTEROINFERIOR
CRICOID CARTILAGE
THREE PAIRS OF SMALL ARYTENOID,
CUNEIFORM, AND CORNICULATE CARTILAGES
EPIGLOTTIS ELASTIC CARTILAGE THAT
COVERS THE LARYNGEAL INLET DURING
SWALLOWING

LARYNGEAL CAVITY
EXTENDS FROM THE LARYNGEAL INLET TO
THE LEVEL OF THE INFERIOR BORDER OF
THE CRICOID CARTILAGE
LARYNGEAL VESTIBULE: BETWEEN
LARYNGEAL INLET AND THE VESTIBULAR
FOLDS
MIDDLE PART OF LARYNGEAL CAVITY:
BETWEEN VESTIBULAR FOLDS AND VOCAL
FOLDS
LARYNGEAL VENTRICLE: RECESSES
EXTENDING LATERALLY FROM THE MIDDLE
PART
INFRAGLOTTIC CAVITY: BETWEEN VOCAL
FOLDS AND THE INFERIOR BORDER OF THE
CRICOID LIGAMENT
MUSCLES OF THE LARYNX
EXTRINSIC LARYNGEAL MUSCLES:
INFRAHYOID M: DEPRESSORS OF THE HYOID AND
LARYNX
SUPRAHYOID AND STYLOPHARYNGEUS M:
ELEVATORS OF THE HYOID AND LARYNX
INTRINSIC LARYNGEAL MUSCLES (INFERIOR
LARYNGEAL N):
CRICOTHYROID --- EXTERNAL LARYNGEAL N (CN X)
THYROARYTENOID
POSTERIOR CRICOARYTENOID
LATERAL CRICOARYTENOID
TRANSVERSE AND OBLIQUE ARYTENOID
VOCALIS
TRACHEA
FLEXIBLE AND MOBILE TUBE EXTENDING
FROM THE LARYNX INTO THE
MEDIASTINUM

ITS ABOUT 10-11 CM LONG

EXTEND FROM C6-IV Disc CV TH4 dan 5
(STERNAL ANGLE)

THREE LAYERS

CLINICAL IMPORTANT:
FOREIGN BODIES
BROCHIAL ASTHMA
BRONCHOSCOPY
LUNGS AND PLEURA
GROSS ANATOMY OF THE
LUNGS
LUNGS OCCUPY ALL OF THE THORACIC CAVITY
EXCEPT THE MEDIASTINUM
RADIX PULMONALIS SITE OF VASCULAR AND
BRONCHIAL ATTACHMENTS, STRUCTURES
THAT IN AND OUT FROM THE LUNGS
COSTAL SURFACE ANTERIOR, LATERAL, AND
POSTERIOR SURFACES IN CONTACT WITH THE
RIBS; MEDIASTINAL SURFACE,
DIAPHRAGMATIC SURFACE.
ANTERIOR BORDER, POSTERIOR BORDER,
INFERIOR BORDER
APEX NARROW SUPERIOR TIP
HILUS PULMONALIS INDENTATION THAT
CONTAINS PULMONARY AND SYSTEMIC
BLOOD VESSELS, AREA WHERE ROOT IS IN
AND OUT FROM THE LUNGS

CLINICAL IMPORTANT
PNEUMOTHORAX
PLEURAL EFFUSION
PLEURITIS/PLEURISY
THORACOCENTESIS
THORACIC WALL
THORACIC WALL
CONSISTS OD SKIN, FASCIA, NERVES,
VESSELS, MUSCLES, AND BONES
PROTECTING OF THE THORACIC AND
ABDOMINAL ORGANS; RESISTING THE
NEGATIVE INTERNAL PRESSURES
GENERATED BY THE ELASTIC RECOIL OF
THE LUNGS AND INSPIRATORY MOVEMENTS
PROVIDING ATTACHMENT FOR AND
SUPPORTING THE WEIGHT OF UPPER LIMBS
PROVIDING ATTACHMENT FOR MANY OF THE
MUSCLES OF UPPER LIMBS, NECK,
ABDOMEN, AND BACK, AND MUSCLE OF
RESPIRATION
RIBS AND COSTAL
CARTILAGES
TRUE (VERTEBROCOSTAL) RIBS (1
ST
-7
TH

RIBS): ATTACH DIRECTLY TO THE STERNUM
THROUGH THEIR OWN COSTAL CARTILAGES
FALSE (VERTEBROCOSTAL) RIBS (8
TH
-10
TH

RIBS): THEIR CONNECTION WITH THE
STERNUM IS INDIRECT
FLOATING (FREE) RIBS (11
TH
-12
TH
RIBS):
RUDIMENTARY CARTILAGES THAT DO NOT
CONNECT EVEN INDIRECTLY WITH THE
STERNUM
THANK YOU