1 ECUA TII IRA TIONALE

1.1 Ecuatii irationale care contin radicali de ordinul doi

1.1.1 Rezolvati urm atoarele ecuatii irationale:
0. a)
p
x 2 +
p
4 x
2
= 0; b)
p
x 2 + 2
p
4 x
2
= 3;
c) Determinati valorile parametrului a 2 R pentru care ecuatia
p
x 2 +
p
4 x
2
+
p
x + 7 = a are solutie. Care este aceast a solutie?
1. a)
p
x 1 = 2; b)
p
x
2
+ 11 = 36; c)
_
1 +
_
2 +
p
x = 2:
2. a)
p
x
2
2x + 1 = 2; b)
p
x
2
2x + 1 = x
2
3;
c)
p
x
2
4x + 4
p
x
2
2x + 1 =
p
x
2
6x + 9:
3. a)
p
x + 9+x+8 = 0; b)
p
x
2
4 = x2; c) 1
p
13 + 3x
2
= 2x:
4. a)
p
x + 1 +
p
x + 6 = 5; b)
p
x 6 +
p
x 13 =
_
11 +
p
72;
c)
p
x 1 +
p
x + 6 = 7:
5. a)
p
x + 9+
p
x + 1 =
p
4x + 16; b)
p
x + 2+
p
x 2 =
_
4x 6 + 2
p
5;
c)
p
x + 3 +
p
x 2 =
_
4x 9 + 4
p
6:
6. a)
_
x + 3 4
p
x 1 +
_
x + 8 6
p
x 1 = 1;
b)
_
x + 2 + 4
p
x 2 +
_
x 1 + 2
p
x 2 = 5;
c)
_
x
p
6x 9 +
_
x +
p
6x 9 =
p
6:
7. a)
_
1
p
x
4
x = 1; b)
p
x +
_
x
p
1 x = 1:
8. a)
p
x
2
6x + 5 +
p
x
2
4x + 3 =
p
x
2
8x + 7;
b)
p
2x
2
5x + 2
p
x
2
x 2 =
p
x
2
3x + 2:
9. a)
p
2x + 1 +
p
3x + 7 =
p
x + 5 +
p
4x + 3;
b)
p
5x + 1
p
6x 2 =
p
x + 6
p
2x + 3:
10. a) x
2
+ 3
p
2x
2
3x + 2 =
3
2
(x + 1) ;
b) (x 2)
2
+ 4 (x 2) +
p
x (4
p
x) = 0:
11. a)
p
2x 5
p
x + 3 =
x 8
p
3x 4
; b)
p
2x + 4
p
8 4x =
12x 8
p
6x + 20
:
12. a)
p
x + 4
p
x 4
+ 2
p
x 4
p
x + 4
=
11
3
; b)
_
x + 4
x 4
+ 2
_
x 4
x + 4
=
11
3
:
13. a)
p
2x + 1
p
x
p
2x + 1 +
p
x
=
1
5
; b)
p
x + 3 +
p
10x 1
2
p
x + 3 + 3
p
10x 1
=
5
13
:
14.
_p
x + 3 +
p
x + 2
_ _p
x + 8
p
x + 2 1
_
= 1:
15.
1
x + 2
p
5 4x x
2

_
9
(x + 2)
2
1 = 0:
1.1.2 Ecuatii cu parametri:
S a se rezolve si s a se discute dup a valorile parametrului a 2 R ecuatiile:
1.
p
a +x +
p
a x
p
a +x +
p
a x
=
a
x
:
2.
_
a
p
a +x = x:
1
1.1.3 Probleme propuse pentru preg atirea concursurilor scolare:
1. Fie a; b; c > 0: Rezolvati ecuatia:
p
a +bx +
p
b +cx +
p
c +ax =
p
b ax +
p
c bx +
p
a cx:
(Titu Andreescu, Zuming Feng - 101 Problems in Algebra)
2. Determinati valorile parametrului a 2 R pentru care ecuatia
p
ax
2
+ax + 2 = ax + 2
admite o unic a solutie.
(Bulgarian Mathematical Competitons, 2003)
3. Determinati valorile parametrului a 2 R pentru care ecuatia
_
(4a
2
4a 1) x
2
2ax + 1 = 1 ax x
2
admite exact dou a solutii.
(Bulgarian Mathematical Competitons, 2004)
4. Rezolvati ecuatia
_
1 +
p
1 x
2
_
_
(1 +x)
3

_
(1 x)
3
_
= 2 +
p
1 x
2
:
(Vietnamese Mathematical Olympiad, 1984)
5. Determinati r ad acinile reale ale ecuatiei
x
3
+ 2ax +
1
16
= a +
_
a
2
+x
1
16
;
_
0 < a <
1
4
_
:
(D. O. Shklarsky, N. N. Chentzov, I. M. Yaglom - The USSR Olympiad
Problem Book)
6. Determinati r ad acinile reale ale ecuatiei

_
x + 2
_
x + 2
_
x +::: + 2
_
x + 2
p
3x
. .
n radicali
= x:
(D. O. Shklarsky, N. N. Chentzov, I. M. Yaglom - The USSR Olympiad
Problem Book)
7. Rezolvati ecuatia:
_
x +
p
x
_
x
p
x =
3
2
_
x
x +
p
x
:
(V. Lidsky - Problems in Elementary Mathematics)
8. Rezolvati ecuatia:
p
x
2
+ 8x
p
x + 1
+
p
x + 7 =
7
p
x + 1
:
2
(V. Lidsky - Problems in Elementary Mathematics)
9. Rezolvati ecuatia:
9 x
2
= 2x
_p
10 x
2
1
_
:
(A. Soifer - Mathematics as Problem Solving)
10. Determinati numerele reale x si y pentru care
3
p
x +y + 2
p
8 x + 6
p
6 y = 14:
(G. M. 6-1985)
1.2 Ecuatii irationale care contin radicali de ordinul trei
1.2.1 Rezolvati urm atoarele ecuatii irationale:
1. a)
3
p
2x 1 +
3
p
x 1 = 1; b)
3
p
2x +
3
p
x 4 = 2;
c)
3
_
3 +
p
x +
3
_
13
p
x = 4:
2. a)
3
p
5x + 1
3
p
3x 7 = 1; b)
3
p
2x
3
p
x 4 = 2;
c)
3
p
x + 1
3
p
3x + 6 = 1:
3. a)
3
p
x + 2+
3
p
2x + 2+
3
p
3x + 2 = 0; b)
3
p
x + 5+
3
p
x + 6 =
3
p
2x + 11:
4. a) S a se demonstreze c a orice solutie a ecuatiei
E (x) +F (x)
3
_
H (x) +G(x)
3
_
H
2
(x) = 0
este si solutie a ecuatiei
E
3
(x) +F
3
(x) H (x) +G
3
(x) H
2
(x) 3E (x) F (x) G(x) H (x) = 0:
b) S a se demonstreze c a orice solutie a ecuatiei
E
3
(x) +F
3
(x) H (x) +G
3
(x) H
2
(x) 3E (x) F (x) G(x) H (x) = 0
este si solutie a ecuatiei
E (x) +F (x)
3
_
H (x) +G(x)
3
_
H
2
(x) = 0;
mai putin acea pentru care E (x) = F (x)
3
_
H (x) = G(x)
3
_
H
2
(x):
c) Rezolvati ecuatia: 3x + 1 +
3
p
x + 1 +
3
_
(x + 1)
2
= 0:
5. a)
3
_
(2 x)
2
+
3
_
(7 +x)
2
=
3
_
(2 x) (7 +x) + 3;
b)
3
_
(x 2)
2
+
3
_
(4 x)
2
=
3
_
(x 2) (4 x) + 1:
6. a)
3
p
x + 1 +
3
p
4x + 7 =
3
p
x + 3 +
3
p
4x + 5;
b)
3
p
4x + 7
3
p
3x + 5 =
3
p
2x + 3
3
p
x + 1:
1.2.2 Ecuatii cu parametri:
Rezolvati si discutati dup a valorile parametrilor reali a; b; c ecuatiile:
1.
3
p
a +x +
3
p
a x =
3
p
b:
2.
3
p
a +x +
3
p
b +x +
3
p
c +x = 0:
3
1.3 Ecuatii irationale care contin radicali de ordin diferit
Rezolvati urm atoarele ecuatii irationale:
1. a)
3
p
x
2
7x +
p
x 5 +
p
4 x = 7;
b)
p
x 6 +
3
p
x + 2 +
p
6 x = 2:
2. a)
3
p
2 x +
p
x 1 = 1; b)
p
x 2 +
3
p
4 x = 2;
c)
4
p
x 9
3
p
x + 2 = 1:
1.4 Ecuatii irationale care contin radicali de ordin supe-
rior lui 3
Rezolvati urm atoarele ecuatii irationale:
1.
5
_
x +
p
x
2
1 +
5
_
x
p
x
2
1 = 2:
2.
4
_
1 x
1 +x
_
1 a
1 +a
+
4
_
1 +x
1 x
= 2
4
_
1 a
1 +a
:
3.
2x + 1
2x 1
3
_
2x + 1
2x 1
+
2x 1
2x + 1
3
_
2x 1
2x + 1
+ 1 = 0:
4.
7
_
1 +
x
a
+
7
_
a +x
b
=
7
_
x
ab
:
5.
n
_
(x + 1)
2
+
n
_
(x 1)
2
=
5
2
n
p
x
2
1:
6.
n
_
(x + 1)
2
+
n
_
(x
2
x + 1)
2
=
n
p
x
3
+ 1:
7.
n
_
(x +a)
2
+ 2
n
_
(a x)
2
= 3
n
p
a
2
x
2
:
8.
_
1 +
p
x 2
_
1
p
x =
4
p
1 x:
9.
_
1 +
3
p
x 2
_
1
3
p
x =
4
_
1
3
p
x
2
:
10.
4
p
x 2 +
4
p
3 x = 1:
4