Indices and Surds presentation

Members
1. Chanunchida Nimyesuin (Ging) 10-7
2. Sirinda Yingumnuay (Prim) 10-7
3. Nathadol Jomsiriwattana (Nol) 10-7
4. Watcharit Athikhamanon (Key) 10-7

Indices
- The term indices (exponential) refers to how many power that raise to a number

- We use the symbol a
n
, we call a is the base and n is the power ( index or exponent )

- We read a
n
as a to the power n ( but if n is 2 or 3, we call square or cube respectively)


25 = 5 5 = 5
2

343 = 7 7 7 = 7
3

81 = 3 3 3 3 = 3
4








5 square
7 cube
3 to the power 4
n
Power (index or exponent)
a
n
= a a a a
Base
The laws of indices
The laws of indices
The laws of indices
The laws of indices
The laws of indices
The laws of indices
The laws of indices
Surds


Simplify (reduce) a radical


80 16 5
16 5
4 5
16
3
8 2
3

8
3
2
3

8 2
3

Operations of radicals
= ( )

= ( )
18 +4 2
= 9 2 +4 2
= 3 2 +4 2
= 7 2
162 32
= 81 2 16 2
= 9 2 4 2
= 2 2
= ( )



=

5 2 4 6
= 20 12
= 40 3
8 15
2 3
=
8
2

15
3

= 4 5
Rationalising the denominator
Never leave a radical in the denominator of a fraction.
Always rationalise the denominator (removing a surd from a denominator).
we rationalise an expression by multiply it with number 1 in special form.
2
2

2
2
1
2
2

2
2

2 2
2

2
4
5

4
5
1
4
5

5
5

4 5
5

Rationalising the denominator
When there is more than one term in the denominator, you will
need to multiply the denominator by its conjugate.
Conjugate is the same expression as the denominator but with the
opposite sign in the middle.
2
6 + 2

2
6 + 2
1
2
6 + 2

6 2
6 2

2( 6 2)
( 6)
2
( 2)
2

2 6 2 2
6 2

2 6 2 2
4

Note: + =
2

2

Exercises
Simplify the following;
1.
()
;2

2
(
2

4
)
2

1
(
3

5
)
;2
=

;2

;2

;6

;10


=
1

4:2

8:2

6

10


=

10

10


= 1
Exercises
2. 2
5
3
1

2
3
4
4
3
= 2
5
3
1

2
3
4
4
3
= 2(1 4
2
)

= 2
5
3

2
3
4
4
3
= 2(1
1
2
2
)

= 2
5
3

2
3
2
5
3
4
4
3
= 2(1 2)(1 +2) ANS

= 2
3
3
8
9
3


= 2 8
3




Exercises
3. [

;1

4
3

2
+1

4
+2
0
]
0
= (

1
3

;1

4
1
3

1)
0

= (

2
3

1
3

;
1
3

4
3

1)
0

= (

2
3
:
1
3

4
3
;
1
3

1)
0

= (

1)
0

= (1 1)
0

= 0
0





NOT DEFINED !
Exercises
a) 5
3
5
x
= 5
8
, Find x

5
+3
= 5
8

+ 3 = 8
= 8

=
b) (

)
2
= (

)
3+
, Find x

(

)
2
= (

)
(3+)

2 = 3
2 = 1
=
1
2

c) 3
24
= a , 9 = b ,
3
=

, Find c

C
3

1
3 9 3
2



1
3
=

; (3
24
)
1
3
= (3
2
)

3
8
= 3
2

8 = 2
= 4


Exercises
Simplify the following;
I.
2
3
=
2
3

3
3
=
2 3
3

II.
5
10
=
5
10

10
10
=
5 10
10
=
10
2

III.
3
4+ 5
=
3
4+ 5

4 5
4 5
=
123 5
11

IV.
2 3
3 2
=
2 3
3 2

3+ 2
3+ 2
=
23
32
= 1
V.
5 3
5+ 3
=
5 3
5+ 3

5 3
5 3
=
5 3
2
53
=
5
2
2 15+ 3
2
2
=
82 15
2
= 4 15
VI.
1
1+ 3 5
=
1
(1+ 3) 5

1+ 3 + 5
1+ 3 + 5
=
1+ 3 + 5
1+ 3
2
5
=
1+ 3+ 5
1+2 3+35
=
1+ 3+ 5
2 31






( + )
2
=
2
+2 +
2

References
http://mathforum.org/library/drmath/view/69917.html
http://mathforum.org/dr.math/faq/faq.0.to.0.power.html
http://mathematics.laerd.com/maths/indices-intro.php
http://www.mathsisfun.com/definitions/index-power-.html
http://www.wyzant.com/resources/lessons/math/algebra/exponents
http://www.mathsteacher.com.au/year8/ch07_indices/01_ind/ind.htm
http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=191361
http://www.ssag.sk/SSAG%20study/MAT/Indices%20and%20Surds.pdf
http://www.mathsisfun.com/definitions/surd.html
http://www.mathopenref.com/surd.html
http://www.math.utah.edu/online/1010/radicals/
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090619091639AAS9cGC
Thank you !!!!