RECEPTIVE SKILLS

LISTENING READING





What is?

It is the capital precursor to
speaking
It is the first stage of language
development
It has 3 benefits:
1- Cognitive
2- Knowledge
3- Psychological
It does not need instruction


It is an interpretation of written
symbols or characters.
It enables learners to comprehend
It combines information from the text
and readers previous knowledge to
build meaning









Acquisition of the ability
It is developed through
meaningful content and anxious
situation
Listening process
1. Bottom up: It focuses on sounds,
words, intonation, grammatical
structures
2. Top down: It deals with global
understanding
The process builds on cognitive,
linguistic, and social skills
It is sociocognitive
Strategies for reading:
1. Bottom up: To recognize
linguistic signals(letters, words,
morphemes)
2. Top down: To draw on our
experience and intelligence to
understand a text.







Types of performances
Reactive: To repeat
Intensive: It develops bottom up
skill
Responsive: Responses from the
students
Selective: To scan the
material(specific information)
Extensive: It develops top down
Interactive: It includes all the
performances
Genres of reading

1. Academic(magazines,
newspapers, essays, etc)
2. Job-related(phone messages,
letters,emails,etc)
3. Personal(greetings, invitations,
recipes, maps)

Types of reading
1. Perceptive: Graphemic symbols
2. Selective: picture-cued task,
matching, multiple-choice etc
3. Interactive: several paragraphs
to one page or more
4. Extensive: Academic reading





Teaching of
Principles to teach:
Do not overlook the importance
of listening comprehension
Use motivating techniques
Use meaningful and authentic
material
Encourage the development of
strategies
Consider students response
Identify a purpose to read
Bottom up decoding
Use lexical analysis to determine
meaning
Guess at the meaning
Skim the text for main ideas
Scan the text for specific information
Use marginal notes to retain
information






PRODUCTIVE SKILLS
Speaking Writing






What is?



It is a social interaction. You can
produce and receive information.

It is a tool used to exchange
information.



It is the expression of ideas. It is the
most difficult ability because implies
to generate and organize ideas into
a readable text.
Characteristics:
1. Permanence(stable)
2. Production of time (explicit)
3. Distance(to predict the
audience)
4. Complexity(how to improve the
writing)
5. Vocabulary(to take advantage
from the English vocabulary)
6. Formality






Acquisition of the
ability
Through listening and imitation.

It is not an isolated activity, it needs
to be supported by extensive
reading,
It has a process, purpose and
context
It is sociocognitive: You organize
your ideas in your mind and then
you share what you wrote with
others
Genre: It has a communicative
purpose which is valued in a
particular context.
The process:
1. Pre-writing
2. Drafting
3. Revising






Types of performances
Imitative(repetition)
Intensive(Meaningful)
Responsive
Interactive:

1. Transactional: It is focused on
exchanging specific information
2. Interpersonal: It is related to
social conversations

Extensive(Oral presentations,
reports)
Imitative(Structures)
Intensive(A production mode for
learning)
Self-writing(Note taking)
Display-writing
Real-writing:

1. Academic
2. Vocational(Companies)
3. Personal(letters, greetings)










Teaching of
Principles

1. Fluency and accuracy are
taken into account
2. Use motivating techniques
3. Use authentic language in
meaningful context
4. Provide appropriate feedback
5. Make the connection between
speaking and listening
6. Give students opportunities to
initiate oral communication
7. Encourage the development of
strategies

1) Incorporate practices of good
writers
2) Balance process and product
3) Connect reading and writing
5) Provide as much authentic
writing as possible
To offer interactive techniques
To give a correct feedback