- Focus on your attention on something for some length of time
- This means Concentration - Concentration is an act of will, cannot take place automatically - The will to focus attention on the message must be sustained in order to carry out all the actions needed to fully comprehend the message Perceive the message - One to see or hear it - One has to interpret whatever one has seen or heard - Perception means interpretation Decoding the message - Ability to decipher the message i.e. he is able to ascribe the meaning to written word - Integrating the message with foreknowledge - Range of ones existing knowledge and past experiences Learning - Store something that one has perceived and decoded - So that he will recall that information at later stage - Ability to recall to memory or to remember that makes learning possible MEMORIZING