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Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of The Cell.

PROTEI
N
TESTS
STRUCT
URES
1. Essential
-the amino acids that cannot
be
synthesized by the body.
-must be taken through food.
2. Non-essential
- the amino acids that can be
synthesized by the body.
- intake through food is not
necessary.
1. Millons test. 2. i!ret
test
- Add 2ml testing solution -Add 1ml of
NaOH + 2ml of testing
+ 2ml illon!s reagent . Heat. solution +2 dro"s
of #uSO$ . Shake.

%i& if "ric# re$ precipitate %i& if "ur"le colour
solution forms'
present' means protein means "rotein is
"resent.
T%PES
1. Primar&
- linear se(uence of amino acids.
-ty"es of bonds "resent ) "e"tide bonds
%bet*een
amino acids&
2. Secon$ar&
- "e"tide chain is folded and t*isted forming
+ heli,
structure or - "leated sheets.
- ty"es of bonds "resent ) "e"tide bonds
%bet*een
amino acids& and hydrogen bonds % the
maintain the +
and - structures.&
-e,am"le ) .eratin %hair "rotein& and Silk.
/. Tertiar&
- + heli, structure or - "leated sheets are
folded in
0arious *ays to form a globular "roteins.
- ty"es of bonds "resent ) "e"tide bonds
%bet*een
amino acids&' hydrogen bonds and
disul"hide bonds
%to maintain globular structure.&
-e,am"le ) enzymes' hormones' antibodies.
$. '!aternar&
1. (irst Class
- "ro0ides all the essential
amino
acids.
- e,am"le) meat' 1sh' milk.
2. Secon$ Class
- does not ha0e all the
essential
amino acids.
C)*SSES
- amino acids.
- amino acids bind together to form
"oly"e"tide chain.
- "e"tide bond forms bet*een 2 amino
acids.
e, ) amino + amino
di"e"tide + H2O
acid acid
M*+E O(
-#' H' O' N'
2' S
E)EME
NTS
(UNCTIO
N
- to "roduce ne* cells for
gro*th.
- forms energy during
famine.
- "roduction of antibodies'
enzymes' hormones'
haemoglobins.
-forms connecti0e tissues'
e,am"le cartilage'
tendons'
muscles' ligaments.
-forms "rotein molecules
in
"lasma membrane.

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