Obtain legal approval to store and handle isotopes
Use occupancy less area for storage
Follow suggested design of storage, otherwise obtain competent approved alternative design
Store radiography cameras / sources in pit in a separate storage room
Keep the storage room under lock & key always SAFE STORAGE OF SOURCE Continue
Check proper storage of source inside camera after every use.
Use survey meter check radiation leakage
Post Warning signs along with radiation symbol
Operator shall maintain log book to record usage of the equipment SAFE STORAGE OF SOURCE Continued. STORAGE OF RADIO ACTIVE CAMERA & SOURCE Layout Plan for Radiography Camera Store Room The following information to logged:
Date & time of taking the source with camera Type & strength of sources Model & serial no. of camera Name of the radiographer Location of use Type & number of exposure Duration of use Date & time of return of the source with camera LOG BOOK Permissible Leakage Level of Camera Measurement Distance Average mR/hr Maximum mR/hr 5 cm from Surface 20 100 1m from source position 2 10 Safe Work Practices Carry out Radiography operations during
No occupancy times Far away from workplace Night hours
Less occupancy times Holidays Lunch Hours
Make wire fence / brick enclosure for regular radiography area. Transportation of sources Check source pencil is securely immobilized and locked in camera
Inform BARC (Baba Atomic Research Centre), Mumbai, if damage to the cameras during transport, non-receipt of consignment in the reasonable time
Avoid Maintenance and servicing of radiographic equipment without consulting the Radiological Safety Officer (RSO) Cordoning the radiography area
Calculate the safe cordoning distance
Make barricades with warning signs
Make reflective signs during night time operation
Use survey meter to check radiation level at cordoned boundaries
Ensure adequate illumination
Safe Work Practices Example Calculation
Iridium-192 of 20 curie is used in open field of Occasional Occupancy for a period of 5 hours per week. Calculate the cordon off distance. Take Public dose limit as 2mR/week and B as 40. Cordon off distance in the direction of primary beam: D 2 = (K x A x W) T / P = (500 x 20 x 5) (1/16) / 2 D = 39.5 m
Cordon off distance in the directions other than primary beam direction: D 2 = (K x A x W)T / (P x B) = (500 x 20 x 5) (1/16) / (2X40) D = 6.25 m Source Strength Nature of Human Occupancy Work Load 5 hrs/week 10 hrs/week 15 hrs/week 20 hrs/week 30 hrs/week Cordon off distance (m) 5 Curie Full 37 52 66 74 93 Partial 18 26 33 36 47 Occasional 10 13 17 18 24 8 Curie Full 47 65 80 94 122 Partial 24 33 40 48 56 Occasional 12 16 20 24 28 10 Curie Full 53 74 90 100 126 Partial 26 37 45 52 63 Occasional 13 19 22 26 31 Cordon off distances for Open Field Radiography (Panoramic Exposure) (Iridium 192) Nature of Human Occupancy Occupancy Factor Full 1 Partial 1/4 Occasional 1/16 Occupancy Factor for open field radiography Ensure Following Industrial Radiography Information form (Format attached)
Radiographer carries film badge / dosimeter
Radiographers dose limit is below the permissible limit ( chart shown in next slide) Radiographers follows the safety instruction strictly
Safe Work Practices Continue.. Ensure Operators undergoes regular medical check up as per BARC
Source is not handled by hand
When source is expose it is advised to
Stand behind buildings / steel / shielding materials
Stay away from source of radiation
Limit exposure for particular operator /day
Make use of full length cable provided between radiographic equipment and the control unit / panel
Operator aware about his dose records and reports of periodic medical exams Safe Work Practices Continued.. Safe Work Practices Make collimated exposure Avoid panoramic exposure Use full length camera Use suitable supporting and fastening devises Camera operation behind barriers Plan well the activities to limit exposure time. Use radiation survey meter to check the source returns to safe position Organ Dose Limit for adult radiography workmen (rems/Year) Dose Limit for Public (rems/Year) Bone morrow, Eye Lens 5 0.5 Skin, Bones & Thyroid 30 3 Hands, Forearms, Feet and Ankles 75 7.5 Other Organs 15 1.5 Maximum Permissible Dose Limit Cumulative dose for an occupational worker can be (N-18) Rems, N is the age of the radiography workmen. On an average it shall not exceed 100 milli Rems per week, 1 Rems per calendar quarter and 5 Rems per year. 250 to 400 RADs are sufficient to make it fatal in 50% of the cases within 30 days. With 50 to 100 RADs, the skin will turn reddish and a little higher dose will make the hair fall. LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED ECC DIVISION
Ref: PM-20-D Rev 00
INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHY - INFORMATION FORM
(This form to be filled up by the concerned Radiography agency and submitted to the Site Safety Co-ordinator. two days before Radiography date)
1. Radiography work to be done for (Name of Contractor)
M/s 2. Name of Radiography Agency M/s _______________________________________________
3. Name of the Incharge of the Radiography agency Mr._______________________________________________
4. Date & Time of Starting
5. Date & Time of Completion
6. Location of Radiography work and area demarcated and cordoned (Sketches and Distances to be provided)
7. Source strength ____________________ Curies 8. Area cordoned & Radiation warning signs displayed and flash lights provided ( if no, give reason) Yes _______ No _________
9. Visual check & other Agencies working nearby informed (if no, give reasons) Yes_______ No _______ (Give Name of other Agencies informed)
10. Whether Dosimeter & Survey meter available at site(if no, give reasons) Yes_______ No _______
11. Whether Film Badges are available with operators(if no, give reasons) Yes_______ No _______
12. Any other special precautions taken
Signature _____________ Site Incharge of Radiographic Agency
Signature _____________ Site Incharge of Contractor
Signature _____________ Site Engineer of ECCD
Signature _____________ Site Safety Co-ordinator of ECCD