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Ideea centrala a nuvelelor si romanelor lui sustine ideea unui Adevar Total exprimat in doua realitati simetrice ca unitate in diversitate; realitatea exterioara a universului de obiecte, fenomene si relatii si unitatea interioara a ceea ce se numeste omul ca individ sau entitate.
Ideea centrala a nuvelelor si romanelor lui sustine ideea unui Adevar Total exprimat in doua realitati simetrice ca unitate in diversitate; realitatea exterioara a universului de obiecte, fenomene si relatii si unitatea interioara a ceea ce se numeste omul ca individ sau entitate.
Ideea centrala a nuvelelor si romanelor lui sustine ideea unui Adevar Total exprimat in doua realitati simetrice ca unitate in diversitate; realitatea exterioara a universului de obiecte, fenomene si relatii si unitatea interioara a ceea ce se numeste omul ca individ sau entitate.
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(EV IP IWXI #M YR TVSHMKMSW EYXSV HI IWIYVM TVSTVMY-^MWI, GMVGYQWGVMWI XVEHM'MMPSV FVMXERMGI EPI WTIGMIM, HI3RMX R EGIWX WTE'MY TVMR ZEVMIXEXIE XIQEXMG #M HI XVEXEQIRX E YRSV TVSFPIQI EGGIRXYEXI QSVEP. 4VMRGMTEPIPI ZSPYQI HI IWIYVM WYRX: 3R XLI 1EVKMR (%HRSXVM, 1923), .IWXMRK 4MPEXI (4MPEX KPYQI#XI, 1926), 4VSTIV 7XYHMIW (7XYHMM EHIGZEXI, 1927, Z. 4STI, 7XEHMYP GIP QEM TVSTVMY SQIRMVMM I SQYP), (S ;LEX =SY ;MPP (* GI ZVIM, 1929), 1YWMG EX 2MKLX (1Y^MG R RSETXI, 1931), 3PMZI 8VII (1WPMRYP, 1936), )RHW ERH 1IERW (7GSTYVM #M QMNPSEGI, 1937), 8LI 4IVIRRMEP 4LMPSWSTL] (*MPSWS3E TIVIR, 1945), 7GMIRGI, 0MFIVX] ERH 4IEGI ("XMMR', PMFIVXEXI #M TEGI, 1946), 8LIQIW ERH :EVMEXMSRW (8IQI #M ZEVME'MYRM, 1950), 8LI (SSVW SJ 4IVGITXMSR (4SV'MPI TIVGIT'MIM, 1954), ,IEZIR ERH ,IPP ('IV #M MEH, 1956), 0MXIVEXYVI ERH 7GMIRGI (0MXIVEXYV #M #XMMR', 1963), 7LEOIWTIEVI ERH 6IPMKMSR (7LEOI-WTIEVI #M VIPMKME, 1963). )ZMHIRX, RY I GE^YP W WI I\EQMRI^I EMGM XSXEPMXEXIE EGIWXIM STIVI, E GVIM YRMXEXI I MQTVIWMSRERX, HEV QIVMX W 3I IZMHIR'MEXI EGIPI XVWXYVM HI3RMXSVMM, GI EWMKYV HISTSXVMZ SQSKIRMXEXIE ERWEQFPYPYM #M MRHMZMHYEPMXEXIE SVMGVYM IWIY TVI^IRX R EGIEWX GYPIKIVI. 3 TEVXI ETVIGMEFMP HMR IWIYVMPI PYM ,Y\PI] IWXI GSRWEGVEX PMXIVEXYVMM. )WIYVMPI HI EGIWX XMT EY YR GEVEGXIV TVSKVEQEXMG WEY WYRX 3RI EREPM^I TVS HSQS EPI YRSV GV'M #M EYXSVM GPEWMGM. %PXIPI EV MRXIVIWE EVXE #M GYPXYVE R KIRIVI, (IWMKYV, EWIQIRIE HMJIVIR'MIVM WMQTPI TSX 3 WYW'MRYXI GY SEVIGEVI HM3GYPXEXI. 3VMGI IWIY PMXIVEV WIQREX HI ,Y\PI]TSEXI 3 GSRWMHIVEX HVITX YR IWIY 3PSWS3G, SVMGI IWIY 3PS-^S3G HIZMRI YRYP #XMMR'M3G. ,Y\PI] TSVRI#XI HI PE YR TVIXI\X PMXIVEV TIRXVY E ENYRKI PE VE'MSREQIRXI PSKMGI, 3PS^S-@TEV 3GI, TSPMXMGI, IWXIXMGI, EVXMWXMGI, MPYWXVRH PIKXYVMPI HMRXVI HMJIVMXIPI TSWMFMPMX'M HI EFSVHEVI E YRYM SFMIGX, HMWTSRMFMPMX'MPI MRXIVMSEVI EPI SFMIGXYPYM HEX #M, R KIRIVI, I\GIPIR'E IWIYPYM R JVYGXM3GEVIE EGIWXSV VETSVXYVM. 'XIZE MHIM #M TVMRGMTMM XYXIPIE^ RW SVMGI SFWIVZE'MI #M SVMGI E3VQE'MI. -HIIE GIRXVEP E VSQERIPSV WEY RYZIPIPSV, GI ZE 3 VIKWMX #M R IWIYVM, WYW'MRI I\MWXIR'E YRYM %HIZV 8SXEP, I\TVMQEX R HSY VIEPMX'M WMQIXVMGI GE YRMXEXI R HMZIVWMXEXI: TVMR VIEPMXEXIE I\XIVMSEV E YRYM YRMZIVW HI SFMIGXI, JIRSQIRI #M VIPE'MM, #M TVMR YRMXEXIE MRXIVMSEV E GIIE GI WI RYQI#XI SQYP GE MRHMZMH WEY IRXMXEXI. 3 MQEKMRI E PYQMM RY ZE 3 EYXIRXMG HIGX HEG ZE VI4IGXE EGIWX TVMRGMTMY HI XSXEPM^EVI; GSRXVEV QEM XYXYVSV HSGXVMRIPSV PMXIVEVI EPI WIGSPYPYM, ,Y\PI] GSRWMHIV EYXIRXMGMXEXIE MQTSWMFMP TVMR GSRHM'MSREVIE IM HI YR TVMRGMTMY WYFMIGXMZ, TIRXVY G SVMGI MHII PMQMXEXMZ I\TVMQ RXV-YR JIP WEY EPXYP I\XVIQMWQYP #M TEV'MEPM^EVIE. %YXIRXMGYP ETEV'MRI, TEVEHS\EP, YRIM GSRZIR'MM, %HIZVYPYM XSXEP, GSRWXMXYMX HMR XSXEPMXEXIE IPIQIRXIPSV VIEPMX'MM. 6IEPMXEXIE TIVGITYX #M XVERWQMW HMVIGX, ETEV'MRI YRIM I\XVIQI, 3I IE PSKMG WEY MPSKMG: EFME QERIZVIPI HI GSRJVYRXEVI #M VIYRMVI E VIEPMX'MPSV TVI^IRXI #M EFWIRXI, VIGITXEXI #M MQEKMREXI HEY S VITVI^IRXEVI E XSXEPMX'MM EYXIRXMGI. -R EGIWX WIRW, EHIZVYP XSXEP I S TVSFEFMPMXEXI WYTIVMSEV GIPIM VIEPI, FE^RHY-WI TI GSQTPI\MXEXIE GSQTPIQIRXEV, GSQTIRWEXSVMI #M HMPSKMG E PYQMM VIGITXEXI #M VIGSRWXVYMXI. )WXI GPEV G, TIRXVY ,Y\PI], %HIZVYP 8SXEP I\XIVMSV EV 3 S XSXEPM^EVI WXVYGXYVEX HI EHIZVYVM TEV'MEPI, QEXIVMEPM^EX R VSQERIPI WEPI TVMR WGLIQI QY^MGEPI HSQMREXI HI GSRXVETYRGX. )WIYP %VXE #M EHIZVYP IZMHIRX I\EQMRIE^ REXYVE EGIWXSV EHIZVYVM, HIWGSTIVMRHY-WI HSY XMTYVM: EHIZVYVM IZMHIRXI #M EHIZVYVM QEVM. )ZMHIR'IPI WYRX RIWIQRM3GEXMZI, MRHMGRH GETEGMXEXIE HI E SJIVM VIEPMX'M VIGSK-RSWGMFMPI. 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'LMEV R FSKEXYP GSRXVETYRGX EP ZMI'MM, 3IGEVI QMG QIPSHMI WITEVEX #M EVI VSPYP IM MRHMWTIRWEFMP. 6IKMWXVYP QY^MGEP WI RGLIMI R SQ. 6E'MSREQIRXIPI PYM ,Y\PI] ETEV'MR YRIM ZEVMERXI ITMGYVIMGI E TVEKQEXMWQYPYM FVMXERMG. 7I HIWGSTIV YRMXEXIE R HMZIVWMXEXI E PYQMM, ETSM E SQYPYM: WI I\XVEKI HI EMGM YR WMWXIQ HI VIJIVMR' TIRXVY I\MWXIR'E WSGMEP #M EVXMWXMG. 'SRWIGMR'IPI PYM, HI^ZSPXEXI WMQIXVMG RXV-YR TVSGIW HI KIRIVEVI, WYRX QYPXMTPI. 'IE QEM MQTSVXERX WI VIJIV PE VIJY^YP SVMGVIM HSKQI. %GGITX HMWTIVEVIE PYM 'EVM]PI #M ZIRIVE'ME PYM 4EWGEP JE' HI QSEVXI, E#E GYQ EGGITX JSVQE REWYVMPSV PSV WEY KYWXYVMPI PSV TIRXVY EVX. 'IIE GI PI SFMIGXI^ IY I TVIXIR'ME PSV HI E HMGXE PYQMM RXVIKM. 6IJY^ W QM WI MQTYR GY WMPE ZIRIVE'ME QSV'MM. "M ZMGIZIVWE, RY HSVIWG W MQTYR RMQRYM QEVGE JEFVMGMM QIPI HI EHSVEXSV EP ZMI'MM. 3VMGI XISVMI, STIV, STMRMI, MHII ZE 3 GSRJVYRXEX HI ,Y\PI] GY GIPI HSY VIEPMX'M: TI HI S TEVXI IGLMPMFVYP, TI HI EPXE I\XVIQMWQYP GE I\GIRXVMGMXEXI, HSKQ, WYFMIGXMZMWQ, MRXSPIVER'. R HSKQEXMWQ WI HIWGSTIV YRYP HMR GIM QEM RSGMZM JEGXSVM HIJSVQEXSVM: R 3IGEVI WIGSP, XISVMMPI TVIGSRGITYXI M-EY HIXIVQMREX TI SEQIRM W ETVIGMI^I GIIE GI I TVSWX #M W VIWTMRK GIIE GI I FYR (&VIYKLIP). 'SRGVIX, R QERMIVE GIPYM QEM IRKPI^ HV]- QSGO, IP VMHMGYPM^IE^ VIHYG'ME TWMLEREPMXMG E SQYPYM: (EV R PMXIVEXYVE JVIYHMER SVXSHS\ XVYTYVMPI, R XSXEPMXEXIE PSV, ETVSETI G RMGM RY WYRX TYWI R HMWGY'MI. 'I-M HVITX, KYVE #M ERYWYP WI FYGYV HI JSEVXI QEVI EXIR'MI HEV GE #M GYQ RXVI EGIWXIE HSY R-EV QEM I\MWXE RMQMG EPXGIZE (0MXIVEXYV #M #XMMR'). ,Y\PI] RY WI VI^YQ HI SFMGIM PE EQIRHEVIE YRYM I\GIW, TVS-TYRRH GSVIG'MM HI EVQSRM^EVI E GSRXVEWXIPSV. (EG YR I\GIW I TIVMWEFMP, HIJSVQIE^ #M WVGI#XI EVXE, QEM QYPXI I\GIWI TSX 3 EHYREXI #M IGLMPMFVEXI RXV-S WXVYGXYV PMXIVEV. 3VMGI EHIZV WEY STMRMI TSEXI 3 GSQTIRWEX. 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VIJSVQYPEFMP RYQEM TVMR HIKVEHEVI; HI VI'MRYX I SFWIVZE'ME G R EVX, VIJSVQYPEVIE GY WGST I\TPMGEXMZ WI. &E^IE^ TI IJSVXYP HI I\EGXMXEXI, GEVI XVIFYMI W 3I QEM QEVI, HIGX E STIVIM TVSTVMY-^MWI. (MRGSPS HI MHIM #M STMRMM, IWXI V MQTVIWMSRERX ZIRIVE'ME QY^MGMM R WMRI. ,Y\PI] IWXI TSEXI GIP QEM FYR GSQIRXEXSV EP QY^MGMM R FIPIXVMWXMG HMR WIGSPYP RSWXVY, TEVXMGYPEVMXEXIE TVI^IRXEX R EGIWX HSQIRMY GSRWXRH R I\XVESVHMREVYP EPMEN HI TSI^MI #M HIWGVMIVI XILRMG, HI XVERWJIV E WIRXMQIRXYPYM QY^MGMM R MQEKMRM #M 3G'MYRM TIVWSREPI. 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"@TEV RXV-YR I\XVIQ HI NYHMGMSW IWIY TYFPMGEX R 'SQ-QIRXEV] HMR MYRMI 1962, TVSJIWSVYP 8VMPPMRK VIGETMXYPIE^ GSRXVSZIVWE 0IEZMW-7RS[ #M ZSVFI#XI GY WYFXMPMXEXI #M FYR WMQ' HIWTVI VIPE'MMPI HMRXVI #XMMR', PMXIVEXYV, GYPXYV #M WTMVMX. 6IPEXEVIE HSGXSVYPYM 3TTIRLIMQIV "XMMR' #M GYPXYV E ETVYX R )Rb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