How can you scale analog values with S7-200 in conjunction with CPU224XP and expansion

modules EM 231, EM 232 and EM 235?

Entry ID:27043396 Date:2007-12-12
STEP 7-Micro/WIN -- Creating S7 programs -- Calling blocks and functions
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How can you scale analog values with S7-200 in conjunction with CPU224XP and
expansion modules EM 231, EM 232 and EM 235?
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How do you convert the number format DOUBLE INTEGER into BCD code (or vice versa) in
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How can you scale analog values with S7-200 in conjunction with CPU224XP and expansion modules
EM 231, EM 232 and EM 235?

Instructions:
Analog input and output values of the expansion modules EM 231, EM 232 and EM 235, as well as of
CPU 224XP are displayed digitally in the INTEGER data word format. It is necessary to make
conversions to ensure correct interpretation and processing. These conversions are explained using
the download attached. The download contains both the "Scale" library with conversion functions and
the sample program "Tip038" for better understanding.
1. Scaling:
The following diagrams show how the input and output values are scaled.
The terms "unipolar", "bipolar" and "20% offset" are explained here. These are important for, among
others, the STEP 7 Micro/Win - Instruction Wizard PID (Tools > Instruction Wizard > PID Controller).
Unipolar scaling is done only in the positive or negative value range (Fig. 01 shows an example for an
analog input value of between 0 and 32000).
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Fig. 01
In the case of unipolar scaling with a 20% offset, the lower limit of the value range is 20% of the upper
limit (Fig. 02 shows an example for an analog input value of between 6400 and 32000).

Fig. 02
Bipolar scaling is done in the positive and negative value range (Fig. 03 shows an example for an
analog input value of between -32000 and 32000).

Fig. 03
The following table explains the abbreviations used:

Table 01
2. Formula
The following formula is derived from the diagram for calculating the scaled value:
Ov = (Osh - Osl) / (Ish - Isl) * (Iv - Isl) + Osl
Parameter Description
Ov Scaled output value (Output value)
Iv Analog input value (Input value)
Osh Upper scale limit for the scaled output value (Output scale high)
Osl Lower scale limit for the scaled output value (Output scale low)
Ish Upper scale limit for the scaled input value (Input scale high)
Isl Lower scale limit for the scaled input value (Input scale low)
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3. Library
3.1 Description of the "Scale" library
The "scale.mwl" library contains the function blocks for converting the scaling from data type
INTEGER to REAL (S_ITR), from REAL to REAL (S_RTR) and from REAL to INTEGER (S_RTI).

Fig. 04
3.2 Scaling the analog input in the output data format REAL (S_ITR):
The S_ITR function permits you to convert the analog input signal into a normalized value between
0.0 and 1.0 (type REAL).

Fig. 05
3.3 Scaling change to the data type format REAL (S_RTR):
The S_RTR function permits you to convert value ranges within the REAL format (e.g., convert the
input value between 0.0 and 1.0 to the output range in percent).
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Fig. 06
3.4 Converting to the analog output scaling format INTEGER (S_RTI):
The S_RTI function converts a REAL number to the analog output data type INTEGER.

Fig. 07
4. Sample program
4.1 Description of the sample program "Tip038"
There is a liquid in a closed container.
The differential pressure measuring transducer provides a current (4 - 20 mA) at the input of the
analog input module. The current is proportional to the fill level in the container.
The analog module EM 235 must be calibrated so that the analog value of 20 mA is converted into the
digital value of 32000 at a fill level of 10 m. At a fill level of 0 m the analog value of 4 mA is converted
into the value 6400. The program scales the converted digital values as height in meters.
The voltage for the fill level indicator must be produced via the analog output module. This voltage is
generated by writing the corresponding digital value to the analog output word (AQW).
The analog output module transfers the fill level height (between 0 m and 10 m) to a measuring
instrument in the form of a voltage of between 0 V and 10 V. The analog display of the measuring
instrument reacts to the voltage with needle deflection proportional to the fill level.
The formula scales every value between a maximum and minimum scaling value. This program
receives the analog input value (AIW) and scales it for the analog output module. First the program
reads the AIW, a value between 4 mA and 20 mA (6400 and 32000), and scales the value to a
normalized value between 0.0 and 1.0 (see Fig. 05). This value is then scaled for the ranges of 0.0 to
100.0 (see Fig. 06) and 0 to 32000 (see Fig. 07).
4.2 The STEP 7 Micro/WIN library as zip file:
Copy the "scale.zip" file to a separate directory and extract the file. You can then integrate the
"scale.mwl" library and the sample program "Tip038_D.mwp", which can be used in version V3.2.4.27
and higher of STEP 7 Micro/WIN, into your S7-200 project. The "scale.zip" file contains the library
"scale.mwl" and the sample program in German ("Tip038_D.mwp") and in English ("Tip038_E.mwp").
Notes:
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This program is also part of the SIMATIC S7-200 Programming Tips 08/03 ("Tip038")
Entry ID: 1232912
Information on inserting libraries in STEP 7 Micro/WIN is available in
Entry ID: 16689345
SP4 for STEP 7 Micro/WIN V3.2 is available for downloading free of charge in
Entry ID: 16520047 .
scale.zip ( 20 KB )

Fig. 01

Fig. 02
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Fig. 03

Fig. 04
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Fig. 05
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Fig. 06

Fig. 07

Entry ID:27043396 Date:2007-12-12
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