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1. The vagus nerve (CN X) innervates the larynx above the vocal folds and carries taste sensation from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue.
2. The median nerve is formed by the lateral and medial cords of the brachial plexus and innervates all the thenar muscles.
3. Damage to the common peroneal nerve results in inability to dorsiflex the foot and inversion when relaxed.
1. The vagus nerve (CN X) innervates the larynx above the vocal folds and carries taste sensation from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue.
2. The median nerve is formed by the lateral and medial cords of the brachial plexus and innervates all the thenar muscles.
3. Damage to the common peroneal nerve results in inability to dorsiflex the foot and inversion when relaxed.
1. The vagus nerve (CN X) innervates the larynx above the vocal folds and carries taste sensation from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue.
2. The median nerve is formed by the lateral and medial cords of the brachial plexus and innervates all the thenar muscles.
3. Damage to the common peroneal nerve results in inability to dorsiflex the foot and inversion when relaxed.
elbow flexion -- C5, C6, C7 elbow extension -- C6. C7 C8 arm abduction -- C5, C6 deltoid semsatopm -- C5. C6 Vomiting center in reticular formation of medulla CT in floor of !t" #entricle ALS $asciculations in middle age male %escending paral&sis 'o sensor& in#ol#ement, all motor ner#es o Werdnig Hoffman $asciculations in a newborn born wit" no anterior "orns ( no motor neurons will die of respirator& failure ANATOMY HIGH-YIELD POINTS (260! 1 wrist drop )inabilit& to extend t"e wrist and fingers* caused b& damage to w"at ner#e+ radial ner#e )posterior c"ord of ,-* . t"is ner#e supplies t"e flexors of t"e arm and is cutaneous in t"e forearm musculocutaneous ner#e / most intrinsic "and muscles are supplied b& w"at ner#e+ ulnar ner#e ! order of structures passing be"ind t"e medial malleolus )from ant to post* )anterior* tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, posterior tibial aa, flexor "allucis longus )T01, %2C3, 4'% 54667* 5 C' from w"ic" c"orda t&mpani originates C' V22 6 c"orda t&mpani controls sali#ation from w"ic" glands+ sublingual and submandibular 7 parotid is inner#ated b& w"ic" ner#e+ glossop"ar&ngeal )C' 28* 8 median ner#e paral&sis causes 9 ulnar de#iation of t"e "and )unopposed flexor carpi ulnaris inner#ated b& ulnar* : inner#ation of t"e interossei ulnar 1; ulnar ner#e lesion causes 9 radial de#iation of t"e "and )unopposed flexor carpi radialis inner#ated b& radial* 11 radial ner#e paral&sis causes 9 inabilit& to extend t"e "and against gra#it& )<wrist drop<*, loss of triceps and brac"ioradialis reflexes 1. w"at causes cleft lips+ failure of maxillar& and medial nasal processes to fuse during de#elopment 1/ occlusion of t"e gastroduodenal aa would cause 9 no c"ange )ric" suppl& from #arious sources* 1! ner#e t"at causes extension of t"e t"umb radial 15 ner#e w"ic" adducts t"e t"umb ulnar 16 ner#e t"at abducts, rotates, opposes, and flexes t"e t"umb median 17 ner#e t"at runs wit" t"e spermatic cord t"roug" t"e inguinal canals ilioinguinal 18 direct inguinal "ernias are due to w"at defect+ brea=down of trans#ersus abdominalis aponeurosis and trans#ersalis fascia 1: small bowel recei#es its blood suppl& from t"e 9 superior mesenteric aa. ANATOMY HIGH YIELD FROM USMLEWORLD FORUM .; w"at embr&ological defect puts an infant at ris= for inguinal "ernia+ patent processus #aginalis .1 testicular "istolog& s"ows man& >e&dig cells, few ?ertoli cells, and absent germ cells@ patient presents wit" g&necomastia and small testes 3linefelterAs )!6,887* .. w"at ner#e runs t"roug" t"e parotid gland+ facial ner#e ./ w"at ner#e accompanies t"e superior lar&ngeal aa+ internal branc" of superior lar&ngeal nn .! inner#ation of t"e superior lar&ngeal nn mucosa abo#e t"e #ocal folds .5 w"at is t"e #entral w"ite commissure+ crossing fibers of t"e spinot"alamic tract .6 CooperAs ligaments connect9 mammar& glands to t"e dermis of o#erl&ing s=in .7 alternati#e name for inguinal ligament -oupartAs ligaments .8 multiple small openings in t"e depressed area of t"e nipple are 9 lactiferous ducts .: B of lobes in e#er& breast 1; to 15 /; deri#ati#es of t"e uteric bud collecting ducts, cal&ces, renal pel#is /1 patients wit" #erbal difficulties most li=el& "a#e a lesion in w"ic" "emisp"ere+ left /. arter& t"at supplies t"e distal lesser cur#ature of t"e stomac" rig"t gastric // mo#ements mediated b& t"e trapeCius mm ele#ation of t"e acromion )upper fibers* and depression of t"e medial scapula )lower fibers* /! on w"at da& of embr&onic life is t"e notoc"ord formed+ 17 /5 during w"at wee= can a fetus mo#e+ 8 wee=s gestation /6 t"e incision for a sap"enous cutdown s"ould be located 9. anterior to t"e medial malleolus /7 t"e structure immediatel& medial to t"e insertion of t"e biceps )near t"e elbow* is 9 brac"ial aa /8 role of 12$ in de#elopment suppression of paramesonep"ric ducts /: t"e onl& mm t"at can ele#ate t"e e&e in t"e abducted position is t"e 9 superior rectus !; emb&ronic origin of t"e t"&roid foramen cecum !1 t"e first p"ar&ngeal pouc" de#elops into 9 middle ear, eustacian tube !. t"e second p"ar&ngeal arc" de#elops into 9 mm of face, st&loid process of temporal bone !/ t"e t"ird p"ar&ngeal pouc" de#elops into 9 t"&mus, inferior parat"&roids !! w"ic" mm lowers t"e Daw+ lateral pter&goid !5 w"at C')s* come)s* t"roug" t"e foramen o#ale+ E"at branc"+ V/ !6 w"at C')s* come)s* t"roug" t"e foramen rotundum+ V. !7 w"at C')s* come)s* t"roug" t"e superior orbital fissure+ 222, 2V, V1, V2 !8 w"ic" two C's come t"roug" t"e internal acoustic meatus+ V22, V222 !: w"ic" t"ree C's come t"roug" t"e Dugular foramen+ 82, 8, 82 5; w"ic" C')s* come)s* t"roug" t"e cribriform plate+ 2 51 ner#e t"at inner#ates all t"e t"enar mm median 5. t"e medial aspects of t"e cerebral "emisp"eres are supplied b& w"ic" aa+ anterior cerebral 5/ location of t"e 4V node subendocardium of t"e interarterial septum 5! location of ?4 node wall of t"e rig"t atrium 55 inner#ation of t"e stapedius facial )C' V22* 56 t"e "eart begins to beat at w"at wee= of gestation+ !t" 57 t"e "eart is full& formed b& w"at wee= of gestation+ 6t" 58 w"at muscle mig"t a#ulse t"e lesser troc"anter from t"e femur, resulting in fracture+ psoas maDor 5: / mm t"at insert into t"e greater troc"anter of t"e femur gluteus minimus and medius, piriformis 6; most common form of 4?% results from 9 failure of fusion of t"e septum primum and secundum ANATOMY HIGH YIELD FROM USMLEWORLD FORUM 61 t&pe of epit"elium contained in t"e distal esop"agus non=eratiniCed stratified sFuamous 6. t"e median ner#e is formed b& w"ic" cords of t"e brac"ial plexus+ lateral and medial 6/ t"e medial ner#e runs between w"ic" two tendons on t"e anterior aspect of t"e forearm+ palmaris longus and flexor carpi radialis 6! t"e smoot" part of t"e rig"t #entricule is deri#ed from 9 bulbus cordis 65 t"e smoot" part of t"e rig"t atrium is deri#ed from9 sinus #enosus 66 t"e truncus arteriosis de#elops into 9 t"e proximal pulm aa and ascending aorta 67 lesion results in inabilit& to dorsiflex and in#ersion of t"e foot w"en relaxed common peroneal ner#e lesion 68 4 patientAs tongue de#iates toward t"e rig"t. E"at mm and ner#e are affected+ rig"t "&poglossal )C' 822*@ rig"t genioglossus 6: w"at is t"e role of t"e "&oglossus mm+ retracts t"e tongue 7; information carried b& t"e dorsal column s&stem of t"e spinal cord proprioception, discriminati#e touc", #ibrat 71 pseudounipolar cells are deri#ed from t"e 9 neural crest 7. ?c"wann cells are deri#ed from t"e 9 neural crest 7/ astroc&tes and microglia are deri#ed from t"e 9 neural tube 7! pat" of t"e superior sagittal sinus along t"e attac"ment of t"e falx cerebri 75 "ow does a mast cell loo= on G1+ <scroll< inclusions )loo= li=e lamellar bodies*, cell membrane irregularities, micro#illi, e#ident nucleolus 76 <un"app& triad< medial meniscus, medial collateral ligament, and 4C> tear 77 t"e sensor& inner#ation of t"e posterior "alf of t"e external auditor& meatus comes from 9. auricular branc" of t"e #agus )C' 8* 78 sensor& inner#ation of t"e anterior "alf of t"e external auditor& meatus auriculotemporal ner#e 7: abdominal #iscera protrude t"roug" t"e anterior abdominal wall )not co#ered in s=in, etc* w"en w"at fails to occur during embr&ogenesis+ failure of fusion of t"e lateral bod& folds )!t" w=* 8; failure of t"e &ol= stal= to degenerate results in9 1ec=elAs di#erticulum 81 pain from t"e anterior two-t"irds of t"e tongue is carried to t"e C'? b& 9 V/ 8. taste from t"e anterior .H/ of t"e tongue is carried to t"e C'? b& 9 V22 8/ w"at is t"e role of C' 28 in taste and pain sensation of t"e tongue+ posterior 1H/ of t"e tongue )pain I taste* 8! t"e structure medial to a femoral "ernia in a female patient lacunar ligament 85 indirect inguinal "ernias pass Dust lateral to 9 inferior gastric aa 86 direct inguinal "ernias pass Dust medial to 9 inferior gastric aa 87 anest"etic inDected near t"e isc"ial spine will bloc= w"ic" ner#e+ pudendal 88 w"at ner#e runs Dust anterior to t"e anterior scalene mm+ p"renic nn 8: brain structure in#ol#ed wit" formation of memories "ippocampus :; t"e greater sciatic foramen is occupied b& w"at mm+ piriformis :1 w"at nn runs t"roug" t"e greater sciatic foramen Dust caudal to t"e piriformis+ superior gluteal ner#e )along wit" t"e aa and ##* :. w"at nns run t"roug" t"e greater sciatic foramen Dust below t"e piriformis+ pudendal I sciatic :/ t"e remnant of t"e embr&ological umbilical #ein falciform ligament :! in w"ic" part of t"e small intestine does a 1ec=elAs di#erticulum arise+ ileum :5 neurons in t"e olfactor& bulb s&napse on w"ic" part of t"e brain+ p&riform cortex ANATOMY HIGH YIELD FROM USMLEWORLD FORUM :6 name t"e mm t"at causes internal rotation of t"e arm at t"e s"oulder subscapularis :7 t"e inferior rectal ner#e is a direct branc" of t"e 9 pudendal nn. :8 inner#ation of t"e abductor pollicis longus median nn. :: inner#ation of t"e adductor pollicis ulnar nn. 1;; mostl& unbrac"ed #ein existing on t"e medial side of t"e leg and continuing upward to meet wit" t"e femoral #ein sap"enous 1;1 w"at does t"e ansa cer#icalis inner#ate+ genio"&oid )pulls t"e "&oid bone anteriorl& for swallowing* 1;. t"e inferior mesenteric aa arises from t"e abdominal aorta directl& posterior to w"at structure+ t"ird part of t"e duodenum 1;/ t"e superior mesenteric aa arises from t"e aorta directl& posterior to w"at structure+ nec= of t"e pancreas 1;! t"e esop"agus contains striated mm '0T under #oluntar& control 1;5 t"e foramen t"roug" w"ic" t"e sap"enous #ein passes to Doin t"e femoral #ein fossa o#alis 1;6 mm t"at flexes t"e t"ig" at t"e "ip psoas maDor 1;7 t"e fasciculus cuneatus carries w"at =ind of fibers from w"ere+ proprioception, discriminati#e touc", #ibration from t"e arms 1;8 t"e role of t"e sG6 steroid "ormone s&nt"esis and detox 1;: decreased sensation o#er t"e first /.5 digits of t"e "and indicates a lesion of 9 median nn. 11; w"at mm are supplied b& t"e median ner#e+ opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis bre#is, flexor pollicis bre#is, 1st . lumbricals, anterior forearm flexors 111 t"e extensor pollicis longus is supplied b& t"e 9 )nn* radial ner#e 11. bac=ward mo#ement of t"e Daw during c"ewing is due to w"at mm+ temporalis 11/ gap Dunctions contain 9 connexons 11! tonofilaments are found in9 "emidesmosomes and desmosomes 115 w"at t&pe of collagen is found in t"e basal lamina+ T&pe 2V )under t"e floor* 116 t"e superior opt"alamic #ein drains into t"e 9 ca#ernous sinus 117 t"e sigmoid sinus drains into t"e 9 2JV 118 t"e posterior continuation of t"e ca#ernous sinus is t"e 9 petrosal sinus 11: t"ree mm t"at flex t"e arm at t"e elbow biceps, brac"ioradialis, and brac"ialis 1.; t"e median ner#e passes t"roug" t"e two "eads of w"at mm+ pronator tere 1.1 t"e coracobrac"ialis is pierced b& t"e 9 1C ner#e 1.. t"e flexor carpi ulnaris is pierced b& t"e 9 ulnar ner#e 1./ t"e deep branc" of t"e radial ner#e pierces w"ic" mm+ supinator mm 1.! annular pancreas results from a failure in w"at part of normal de#elopment+ failure of t"e #entral pancreatic bud to rotate around t"e second part of t"e duodenum 1.5 pain sensation from t"e upper part of t"e posterior p"ar&nx is carred b& t"e9 glossop"ar&ngeal )C' 28* 1.6 t"e cells t"at pro#ide m&elin in t"e C'? oligodendroc&tes 1.7 to w"ic" nodes is a cancer of t"e descending colon most li=el& to metastasiCe+ inferior mesenteric 1.8 t"e gastroepiploic l&mp" nodes drain 9 t"e greater cur#ature of t"e stomac" 1.: t"e superficial inguinal l&mp" nodes drain 9 rectum, #agina, and perineum 1/; t"e internal iliac nodes drain 9 t"e bladder and male internal genitalia 1/1 t"e subp&loric nodes drain 9 t"e distal stomac", duodenum, and pancreas 1/. upward traction on t"e upper limb ma& cause w"at brac"ial plexus inDur&+ lower trun= )interossei ANATOMY HIGH YIELD FROM USMLEWORLD FORUM and t"umb problems* 1// two <ligaments< t"at separate t"e greater peritoneal sac from t"e lesser gastro"epatic, "epatoduodenal 1/! claw "and is due to 9 ulnar ner#e lesion 1/5 cord of t"e brac"ial plexus from w"ic" t"e ulnar ner#e arises medial cord 1/6 cord of t"e brac"ial plexus from w"ic" t"e 1C ner#e arises lateral cord 1/7 obturator ner#e inner#ates 9 mm of medial compartment of t"e t"ig" )adductors and gracilis* 1/8 is t"e lower trun= of t"e brac"ial plexus wit"in t"e axillar& s"eat"+ no K formed in t"e nec= and mo#es independentl& 1/: "ip abduction is mediated b& w"at ner#e+ superior gluteal ner#e 1!; nn responsible for =nee extension femoral ner#e 1!1 t"e #ertebral arter& lies in w"at <triangle< of t"e nec=+ suboccipital 1!. margins of t"e suboccipital triangle inferior I superior obliFue, rectus maDor 1!/ margins of t"e posterior triangle of t"e nec= trapeCius, ?C1, middle 1H/ of cla#icle 1!! margins of t"e anterior triangle of t"e nec= nec= midline, mandible, and ?C1 1!5 in fetal life, w"at does t"e #itelline duct connect+ terminal ileum wit" umbilicus and &ol= sac 1!6 wit" w"at structures does t"e axillar& aa tra#el in t"e axilla+ cords of t"e brac"ial plexus )all t"ree* 1!7 relati#e to t"e rib, w"ere do intercostal nn run+ in a notc" abo#e t"e rib 1!8 w"at is contained in t"e "epatoduodenal ligament+ common bile duct and "epatic #essels 1!: w"at structures are contained in t"e gastro"epatic ligament+ none K can be cut in surger& wit"out seFuellae 15; sensation supplied b& t"e median ner#e palmer aspects of first /.5 fingers, and dorsal digits of first /.5 fingers )including nail beds* 151 ner#es t"at suppl& sensation to t"e dorsal aspect of t"e "and radial )on t"e t"umb side* and ulnar )on t"e pin=ie side* 15. ner#e t"at lies in t"e posterior tonsillar fossa C' 28 15/ t"e muscles of mastication are deri#ed from w"at p"ar&ngeal arc"+ first 15! sensor& inner#ation of t"e sole of t"e foot is b& t"e 9. posterior tibial ner#e 155 nn t"at supplies t"e medial mm of t"e t"ig" obturator 156 t"e femoral ner#e inner#ates 9 t"e mm of t"e anterior compartment of t"e t"ig" 157 t"e posterior compartment of t"e t"ig" is inner#ated b& 9 sciatic ner#e 158 t"e uterus de#elops from t"e 9 mesonep"ric ducts 15: t"e role of neural crest cells in t"e de#elopment of t"e "eart in#ade t"e aorticopulmonar& septum 16; retroperitoneal organs descending I ascending colon, duodenum, =idne&s, adrenals 161 brief pat"wa& of auditor& sensation spiral ganglion K C' V222 K dorsalH#entral coc"lear nuclei of t"e medulla K superior oli#ar& nuceli K lateral lemniscus K inferior colliculus of t"e midbrain K medial geniculate bod& of t"alamus K auditor& cortex 16. t"e superior colliculus is in#ol#ed in 9. e&e mo#ements 16/ GrbAs pals& results from a lesion of t"e 9 upper part of brac"ial plexus )C5, C6* 16! t"e facial #ein drains into t"e 9 ca#ernous sinus 165 name t"ree structures in t"e "epatoduodenal ligament common bile duct and "epatic #essels 166 "ow are t"e t"ree structures of t"e "epatoduodenal ligament arranged+ portal #ein is posterior, bile duct is on rig"t, "epatic aa on left 167 mm t"at ele#ates t"e soft palate le#ator palatini ANATOMY HIGH YIELD FROM USMLEWORLD FORUM 168 inner#ation of t"e mm t"at ele#ates t"e soft palate C' 8 16: w"en t"e u#ula de#iates toward t"e rig"t, t"e most li=el& lesion is 9 left C' 8 17; course of t"e axillar& ner#e surgical nec= of t"e "umerous 171 inner#ation of t"e axillar& ner#e deltoid mm 17. a lesion of t"e axillar& ner#e would cause .. inabilit& to raise t"e arm from t"e side 17/ t"e posterior descending arter& is a branc" of t"e 9. 6C4 17! ner#e in t"e posterior triangle of t"e nec= accessor& 175 t"e pancreas gets its arterial suppl& from 9 t"e celiac aa 176 t"e ductus deferens and t"e spermatic cord con#erge w"en 9 t"e& pass t"roug" t"e internal inguinal ring 177 inabilit& to read )alexia*, wit" preser#ation of t"e abilit& to write )agrap"ia*, is indicati#e of a lesion in t"e 9 left occipital cortex and splenium of CC 178 ner#e t"at inner#ates t"e dorsum of t"e foot superficial peroneal 17: anest"esia of t"e medial surface of t"e leg suggests a lesion of t"e 9 sap"enous ner#e 18; w"en a female stands, w"ere does fluid in t"e abdomen collect+ rectouterine pouc" )of %ouglas* 181 #enous place in t"e bod& wit" pressure oscillations of .5H; 64 18. #enous place in t"e bod& wit" no pressure oscillations perip"eral #eins 18/ cell bodies for -acinian corpuscles reside in 9 %6L 18! depression of t"e mandible is affected b& w"at ner#es+ mandibular and facial )digastric* )'0TGM $irst 4id sa&s t"at t"e lateral pter&goid lowers t"e mandible9. 7ou decide* 185 t"e cremasteric reflex is elicited #ia w"at ner#e roots+ >1, >. 186 a waddling )Trundelberg* gait is indicati#e of 9. lesion of t"e gluteus medius and minimus or t"e superior gluteal ner#e 187 loss of t"e abilit& to climb stairs is indicati#e of 9 lesion of gluteus maximum or inferior gluteal nn 188 lesion of C' 222 would result in an e&e t"at loo=s 9. down and out 18: damage to 1e&erAs loop results in9. contralateral superior Fuadrantanopsia 1:; t"e aC&gus #ein drains t"e 9 posterior t"oracic wall 1:1 t"e aC&gus #ein empties into t"e 9 ?VC 1:. t"e paramesonep"ric ducts gi#e rise to 9 t"e upper #agina, cer#ix, uterus, and fallopian tubes 1:/ t"e lower #agina de#elops from t"e 9. urogenital sinus 1:! w"at cell in t"e li#er is deri#ed from foregut endoderm+ "epatoc&tes 1:5 ner#e t"at accompanies t"e superior lar&ngeal aa superior lar&ngeal ner#e )internal branc"* 1:6 inner#ation of t"e superior lar&ngeal nn )internal branc"* mucosa abo#e t"e #ocal folds 1:7 nn t"at pro#ides sensor& inner#ation to t"e lar&ngeal mucosa below t"e #ocal folds recurrent lar&ngeal ner#e 1:8 motor inner#ation to t"e cricot"&roid superior lar&ngeal ner#e )external branc"* 1:: w"at fascia encloses t"e t"&roid gland+ pretrac"eal .;; w"at is t"e best place to palpate t"e dorsalis pedis arter&+ on t"e dorsum of t"e foot, between t"e tendons of t"e extensor "allucis longus and extensor digitorum longus .;1 l&mp" from t"e medial side of t"e foot drains #ia 9 l&mp"atics near t"e sap"enous #ein into t"e inguinal nodes .;. l&mp" from t"e lateral side of t"e foot drains #ia 9 l&mp"atics near t"e s"ort sap"enous #ein into t"e popliteal nodes .;/ w"at is t"e gap between t"e two embr&onic atria called+ ostium primum ANATOMY HIGH YIELD FROM USMLEWORLD FORUM .;! w"at fills t"e gap between t"e two embr&onic atria+ septum primum .;5 w"en t"e septum primum meets wit" t"e NNN, t"e ostium primum is closed endocardial cus"ions .;6 failure of t"e septum primum to fuse wit" t"e cus"ions results in 9. ostium primum-t&pe 4?% .;7 t"e ostium secondum usuall& forms wit"in t"e 9 septum primum .;8 t"e results of failure to form t"e septum secundum fetal deat" )no "ole between atria means no ox&genation for most of t"e fetus* .;: run t"roug" t"e de#elopment of t"e foramen o#ale, etc. ostium primum closed b& septum primum K ostium segundum forms K septum primum fuses wit" endocardial cus"ions K septum segundum de#elops .1; t"e #al#e of t"e foramen o#ale is made up of 9 t"e septum ostium )t"e part t"at does not regress* .11 does t"e septum segundum fuse wit" t"e endocardial cus"ions+ no - onl& t"e septum primum does .1. t"e afferent arm of t"e corneal reflex C' V .1/ t"e efferent arm of t"e corneal reflex C' V22 .1! w"ic" ner#e pro#ides taste sensation o#er t"e anterior portion of t"e tongue+ $acial V22 .15 girl fracctures "umerus t"roug" lateral epicond&le. E"at ner#e mig"t be damaged+ radial .16 w"at t&pe of ner#e fibers inner#ate t"e radial dilator mm+ onl& s&mpat"etic postganglionic fibers .17 w"at is t"e status of t"e fetal "eart once t"e arms, legs, and extremities are nearl& full& formed+ nearl& full& formed, beating .18 from w"ere does t"e le#ator #eli palatini originate+ petrous portion of t"e temporal bone .1: wrist drop is caused b& damage to 9. radial ner#e ..; t"e lingula belongs to w"at lobe of t"e lung+ left upper lobe ..1 neonate wit" left-sided intestinal "ermiation "ad a structural anomal& of t"e 9 pleuroperitoneal membrane )most li=el&* ... decreased sensation o#er wit" posterior portion of t"e side of t"e tongue indicates a lesion of w"at ner#e+ C' 28 ../ ooc&tes are deri#ed from t"e 9 &ol= sac ..! winged scapula results from lesions of w"at cer#ical ner#es+ C5-C7 )long t"oracic ner#e* ..5 anterior "orn motor neurons of t"e spinal cord are deri#ed from t"e 9 basal plate ..6 s&mpat"etic plexus t"at pro#ides pain sensation from t"e stomac" celiac plexus ..7 spinal tract t"at carries two-point touc", #ibration, and proprioception dorsal columns ..8 w"ere )if an&w"ere* do t"e dorsal w"ite columns cross+ medullar& p&ramids ..: spinal tract t"at carried pain and temperature sensation spinot"alamic tract ./; w"ere )if an&w"ere* does t"e spinot"alamic tract cross+ lumbar region ./1 w"ere does t"e corticospinal tract cross+ medullar& p&ramids ./. t"e smoot" part of t"e rig"t #entricle is deri#ed from 9 bulbus cordis .// w"at is located between t"e cells of t"e &ol= sac and t"e cells of t"e c&totrop"oblast in a 1!-da& blastoc&st+ extraembr&onic mesoderm ./! t"e adult deri#ati#e of t"e ductus #enosus ligamentum #enosum ./5 t"e #entromedial nucleus mediates w"at t&pe of be"a#ior+ eating be"a#ior )wit"out it, we star#e* ./6 t"e trans#erse cer#ical ligament carries w"at aa+ uterine ./7 biological met"&lations are mediated b& 9 ?41 ./8 t"e splenic aa is located in w"at ligament+ splenorenal ./: w"at respirator& s&stem component is deri#ed from #isceral mesoderm+ endot"elial cells .!; t"e arter& suppl&ing t"e anterior aspect of t"e inter#entricular septum runs in t"e 9 anterior ANATOMY HIGH YIELD FROM USMLEWORLD FORUM inter#entricular sulcus )>4%* .!1 t"e c&stic aa is a branc" of t"e 9 rig"t "epatic .!. w"at ner#e mediates t"e cremasteric reflex+ genitofemoral .!/ ?c"wann cells are deri#ed from t"e 9 neural crest .!! w"at structure gi#es rise to t"e greater omentum+ dorsal mesenter& .!5 from w"ere is t"e spleen deri#ed+ embr&onic dorsal mesenter& .!6 name two membranes t"at "old t"e ulna and radius toget"er interosseous )big* and annular )small* .!7 intention tremor of t"e ipsilateral extremit& would result from a lesion of t"e 9 cerebellum .!8 tremor t"at impro#es wit" purposeful mo#ement indicates a lesion of t"e 9 basal ganglia .!: a lesion of t"e frontal e&e field would cause 9 de#iation of t"e e&es toward t"e lesion .5; t"e urac"us is t"e remnant of t"e 9 allantois .51 t"e urac"us connects 9 apex of bladder to umbilicus .5. branc" of t"e axillar& arter& t"at forms an anastomosis wit" branc"es of t"e subcla#ian subscapular aa .5/ "&pot"alamic nuclei in#ol#ed wit" circadian r"&t"ms suprac"iasmatic nucleus .5! l&mp" from t"e scrotum drains into t"e 9 superficial inguinal nodes .55 t"e onl& lar&ngeal mm inner#ated b& t"e superior lar&ngeal nn cricot"&roid .56 most of t"e lar&ngeal mm are inner#ated b& 9 recurrent lar&ngeal ner#e .57 lies between t"e flexor carpi radialis and flexor digitorum superficialis median ner#e .58 role of t"e pupillar& sp"incter muscle pupillar& constriction .5: inner#ation of t"e pupillar& sp"incter mm paras&mpat"etic .6; w"at mm dilates t"e pupil+ radial dilator mm .61 t"e blood #essels t"at suppl& t"e s=in are located in t"e 9 deep and superficial dermis )t"e epidermis does not "a#e #essels* .6. w"at pores on t"e cell surface allow t"e passage of small molecules+ gap Dunctions .6/ muscle used to get up from a sitting position gluteus maximus S"ina# $ord %&ndrome%M 6esult from incomplete spinal cord inDuries. OT"e Central Cord s&ndrome is associated wit" greater loss of upper limb function compared to lower limbs. OT"e ,rown-?PFuard s&ndrome results from inDur& to one side wit" t"e spinal cord, causing wea=ness and loss of proprioception on t"e side of t"e inDur& and loss of pain and t"ermal sensation of t"e ot"er side. OT"e 4nterior ?pinal s&ndrome results from inDur& to t"e anterior part of t"e spinal cord, causing wea=ness and loss of pain and t"ermal sensations below t"e inDur& site but preser#ation of proprioception t"at is usuall& carried in t"e posterior part of t"e spinal cord. OTabes %orsalis results from inDur& to t"e posterior part of t"e spinal cord, usuall& from infection diseases suc" as s&p"ilis, causing loss of touc" and propriocepti#e sensation. ANATOMY HIGH YIELD FROM USMLEWORLD FORUM OConus 1edullaris s&ndrome results from inDur& to t"e tip of t"e spinal cord, located at >1 #ertebra. OCauda GFuina s&ndrome is, strictl& spea=ing, not reall& spinal cord inDur& but inDur& to t"e spinal roots below t"e >1 #ertebra.
USMLE Preparatory Online Resource_ Effective Biochemistry and Genetics Teaching Relatively Short Time_Dr Kumar Ponnusamy Urea Cycle & Nitrogen Metabolism_ST Matthew's University School of Medicine 2010