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MATHEMATICS
FORM 4

5
CHAPTE
R

THE STRAIGHT LINE

 LEARNING
OUTCOMES

By the end of the lesson, student should be

able to:

(a)Determine the vertical and horizontal distances

between two given points on a straight line.

(b)Determine the gradient of a straight lines using

ratio of vertical distance to horizontal distance.

(c) Form formula of gradient of straight line

(d) Calculate the gradient of a straight line passing

through two points.
 THE GRADIENT OF A
5.1 STRAIGHT LINE
 B
VERTICAL
A DISTANCE

C
HORIZONTAL DISTANCE
 What is a gradient of a straight line ?

Gradient of a straight line is the

ratio of the vertical distance to horizontal
distance.

Gradient of a straight line = Vertical Distance

Horizontal Distance
 B
VERTICAL
A DISTANCE

C
HORIZONTAL DISTANCE

Gradient of AB = Vertical Distance = CB

Horizontal Distance AC
 EXAMPLE
1
(i) Identify the vertical distance and horizontal distance
between point A and B.

(ii) Find the gradient of a straight line AB.

1 (a)

VERTICAL DISTANCE B
=

HORIZONTAL DISTANCE
= 5m

GRADIENT OF AB
=
A 7m C
1 (a) vertical distance

VERTICAL DISTANCE B
=
5
HORIZONTAL DISTANCE
= 5m

GRADIENT OF AB
=
A 7m C
1 (a)

VERTICAL DISTANCE B
=
5
HORIZONTAL DISTANCE
= 5m
7

GRADIENT OF AB
=
5 A 7m C
7 horizontal distance
 1 (b)

VERTICAL B
DISTANCE
=

HORIZONTAL
DISTANCE
=

GRADIENT OF AB
=
A C
 1 (b)

VERTICAL B
DISTANCE
= 4 +1
UNITS
units
HORIZONTAL +1
VERTICAL
UNITS
DISTANCE
= DISTANCE
+1
UNITS
GRADIENT OF AB +1
= UNITS
A C
 1 (b)

VERTICAL B
DISTANCE
= 4
units
HORIZONTAL
DISTANCE
= 5
units
GRADIENT OF AB +1 +1
= UNITS UNITS
4
A HORIZONTA C
L
5 +1 +1
DISTANCE
+1
UNITS UNITS UNITS
WORKSHEET
1
(4 minutes)
 GRADIENT OF THE STRAIGHT
5.2 LINE IN CHARTESIAN
COORDINATES
y

(x,y)

origin
x
(0,0)
 y

(3 units)
3
(3,2)
2
(2 units)
1

x
-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
-1

-2

-3
 y

3 A (1,3)
B (-2,2)
2

x
-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
-1

-2

-3
 y

B
vertical distance

horizontal distance

Gradient, m of a straight line passing through points A and B is given by;

 EXAMPLE
2
Calculate the gradient of straight line in the following figure.
 GRADIENT OF LINE PQ
Q ( 4,4 )
=

P ( 1,0 )
 Q ( 4,4 )

P ( 1,0 )

Let and Let and

Then, Then,
, , and , , and
OR
Gradient of line PQ; Gradient of line PQ;
 GRADIENT OF LINE PQ
Q ( 4,4 )
= 4
3

P ( 1,0 )
WORKSHEET
2
(5 minutes)
POP QUIZ…
Given that the gradient of a straight line
passing through points P(2,5) and Q(h,9)
is 2. Find the value of h.

A 6

B -3

C 4

D 5
YOUR ANSWER IS
WRONG
-PLEASE
√ TRY AGAIN-

BAC
K
CONGRATULATION
YOUR ANSWER IS CORRECT

NEX
T
 SUMMARY

Gradient of a straight line = Vertical Distance

Horizontal Distance

In Cartesian coordinate;
vertical
distance
Gradient, m=
OR horizontal
distance

m= X
THANK YOU...