Andha Shradha

Regd. No.
RNP / NP City / 183 / 2009-20011
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H$moU`m _mJmZo {_iVo? Vo Oa `j Am{U AZw_mZ `m gmYZmZr `mbm {_imbo
Agob, Am{U ZVa Vo eXmZo `mbm Vmo A` bmoH$mZm nwadrV Agob, Va eX_mU
_mU am{hbo Zmhr. nU `j Am{U AZw_mZ `m`mhZ {^ _mJmZo Vo hmoV Agob,
Va Vmo _mJ H$moUVm Agm {Z_mU hmoVmo.
`m {R>H$mUr eX_mUmZo {_iUmao kmZ Am{U `j d AZw_mZ `m bm{H$H$
_mUmZr {_iUmao kmZ `mV EH$ _hdmMm ôX Ho$bm OmVmo. eX_mUmZo Oo kmZ
{_imbo Vo `j Am{U AZw_mZ `m`m jom~mhoa AgVo. Am{U Oo kmZ `j d
AZw_mZ `mZo hmoVo Vo eX_mUmZo hmoD$ eH$V Zmhr. `mMr joo doJir AmhoV. eXmMo
qH$dm AmdMZmMo jo hUOo nabmoH$, _aUmoma ApVd, nwZO_, Ba, dJ,
ZaH$, _moj B`m{X bm{H$H$ _mUm`m AmQ>mo `mV Zgbo`m {df`mM,o bm{H$H$ {df`mda
Oa AmdMZ ~moby bmJbo `m`m dMZmMr ehm{Zem H$aVm òBb, Am{U gJr Vo
MwH$sMo Amho Ago {g hmoD$ eHo$b hr ^r{V AgUma. nabmoH$m{df`r ~mobVmZm Vo ImoQ>o
nS>`mMr ^r{V ZgVo. H$maU nabmoH$m{df`r bm{H$H$ _mUo H$mhrM gmJy eH$V ZmhrV.
Vohm AmdMZ `j Am{U AZw_mZ `m _mUmZ r ImoQ>o R>$ eHo$b hr ^r{V
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Xm~`hr Amho. Vo Iao Amho H$s ImoQ>o ho Amn`mbm H$Xm{n H$iy eH$V Zmhr. nU `m
n[apWVrV Ago hUUo dm^m{dH$ Amho H$s Oo AmdMZ Iao Amho H$s ImoQ>o ho
Amn`mbm H$iy eH$V Zgob `mda {dmg R>odUo {H$VnV ehmUnUmMo Amho.
`mbm Cma hUyZ eX_mUmbm gmjmH$mamMr OmoS> {Xbr OmVo. gmjmH$ma
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òVmV hohr gmjmH$maM hmo` H$maU aJ `j {XgVmV Am{U AmdmO `j EoHy$
òVmV. ho gmjmH$ma AWmV bm{H$H$ gmjmH$ma Pmbo. nU `mM H$maMo Abm{H$H$
gmjmH$mahr AmhoV Ago gmjmH$madmmMo hUUo Amho. `m Abm{H$H$ gmjmH$mamZo
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gmjmH$mamMr gmYZm. mUm`m_, `moJmgZo B`mXt`m gmmZo gmYZm H$$Z Vo kmZ
{X.`.XoenmS>o
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XrK AgVo. Am{U {V`m eodQ>r Amn`mbm na_ gVmMm AZw^d òVmo. Vo {X` XeZ
AgVo, Am{U `mV _mZdmMo nyU g_mYmZ hmoV.o `m`m gd mMr Cmao {_iyZ `mMo
gd ge` {\$Q>VmV Aer Vr AdWm AgVo. gmjmH$madmmZm Oa AmnU {dMmabo
H$s Vw_Mo hUUo Iao H$emd$Z? Va Vo Cma XoVrb, "Vwhrhr gmYZm H$$Z nmhm.
Vwhr Oa Vr nwar Ho$brV Va Vwhmbmhr gmjmH$ma hmoBb
. _J eXmZo {_iUmao Oo kmZ
Amho Vo gd Iao Amho Aer Vw_Mr Imr nQ>ob.'
ho hUUo W_XeZr g`w{$H$ {XgVo. `mZwgma Amd`H$ Vr gmYZm Ho$`mda
gmjmH$ma hmoVmo, Am{U `mZm gd ge`mMr Cmao {_iyZ `mZm H$gbmhr {eH$
amhmV Zmhr Ago Oo hUVmV Vo Iao Agy eHo$b, nU Vo Iao Amho Ago hUVm ò`mH$[aVm
gd gmjmH$ma EH$mM Ame`mMo Agmdo bmJVrb. Oa _bm EH$ H$maMm gmjmH$ma
Pmbm, Am{U Vwhmbm doJimM gmjmH$ma Pmbm Va H$moUmMo hUUo Iao _mZm`Mo Agm
Cdob, Am{U `mbm Cma XoUo Ae` hmoBb.
naVw gmjmH$mamV EH$dm`Vm AmT>iV Zmhr hr dVwpWVr Amho. AV doXmV
Vdkmda {dmg R>do Um`mbm EH$ H$maMm gmjmH$ma hmoVmo, Va {d{e>mVr _Zw`mbm
doJ`mM Ame`mMm gmjmH$ma hmoVmo. am_^$ Am{U H$U^$ `mZm am_mMm Am{U
H$UmMm gmjmH$ma hmoVmo, Va {`mbm òey Am{U _oar `mMm hmoVmo. hUOo `m
VdkmZmMr n^y_r gmYH$mbm AgVo, `mZwgma gmjmH$mamMm Ame` V`ma hmoVmo.
`mbm gmjmH$mamMr EH$dm`Vm hUVm òUma Zmhr. CbQ> `m`md$Z Ago {XgyZ òVo
H$s H$mhr Vrd ^mdZm`m `$tZm Amnbm nyd{} Vhmg Am{U n[apWVr `mZr V`ma Pmbo`m
AVt{` Jmo>tMm gmjmH$ma hmoV.
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d$n H$m` Amho Vo {Z{V Ho$bo nm{hOo. hm AZw^d kmZXm`r (cognitive) AZw^d
Amho H$m` ho {Z{V H$aUo Ad` Amho. gdM AZw^d kmZXm`r ZgVmV. B{`mZr
òUmao AZw^d kmZXm`r AgVmV Ago AmnU g_OVmo, nU nmoQ>XI
w r qH$dm S>mHo $o XwIrMm
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Vr J_md`mZo AmnU XwIr Pmbmo, Va ho AZw^d kmZXm`H$ ZmhrV Ago AmnU hUVmo,
H$maU `mZr Amn`mbm dVwpWVrMo kmZ hmoV Zmhr. hUOo AZw^d Am{U `mMm
kmZm_H$ Ame` Agm ôX H$amdm bmJVmo. Agm ôX Ho$`mda Ago bjmV òVo H$s
kmZm_H$ AZw^d Iam qH$dm H$moQ>m Agy eH$Vmo. OmJonUr Amn`mbm Omo AZw^d òVmo,
VgmM PmonVo AgVmZm dZmVhr òD$ eH$Vmo. nU `mnH $s OmJonUrMm AZw^d Iam,
Am{U dZmVrb AZw^d ^m_H$ Ago AmnU g_OVmo. hUOo `j kmZm_H$ AZw^d
Iam qH$dm ImoQ>m, `WmW qH$dm A`WmW AgVmo. AZw^d Am{U `mnmgyZ {_iUmao kmZ
hm ôX Oa gmjmH$mambm bmdbm Va gmjmH$mamMm AZw^d Am{U `mMm {df` `mV

ôX H$aVm òBb. nU Vmo Ho$`mda nwT>rb Cdob "gmjmH$mamV qH$dm g_mYrV
Amn`mbm dmVdm`m gm_m`nUo AkmV Agbo`m AJmMm AZw^d òVmo, Ago
gmjmH$madmXr hUVmV. nU Vmo AZw^d Ogm Iam Agy eHo$b VgmM Vmo ^m_H$hr
Agy eHo$b. Vgo Agob Va gmjmH$ma ^m_H$ AmhoV Ago hUmdo bmJob', Am{U
{^ gmjmH$mam`m {df`mV AmT>iUm`m V\$mdVr_wio Vmo kmZm_H$ Zgmdm, {ZXmZ
Vmo Iam Zgmdm. Aer eH$m òUo amV Amho.
hm AZw^d kmZm_H$ Zgmdm Ago _mZ`mMo AmUIr EH$ H$maU hUOo Ago
AZw^d Ym{_H$ gmjmH$mamVM òVmV Ago ZgyZ, A` jomV gwm {OWo Vo òVmV
Am{U {VWo Vo kmZXm`r ZgVmV ho n> AgVo. CXm. laughing gas _wio Aem H$maMr
^mdZm_H$ pWVr {Z_mU hmoVo Ago {d`mV _mZgemk Am{U Vdk {d`_ OogZo
hQ>bo Amho.
`m gd H$maUmVd gmjmH$ma hm AZw^d kmZm_H$ AZw^d Amho hr H$nZm
`m` _mZbr nm{hOo.
lm ho _mU Amho H$m`?
_m`m {_mMr EH$ _wbJr _bm hUmbr H$s gVmofr _mVoda {VMr lm Amho.
`m loMo g_WZ H$m` Amho `m mbm Cma Xo`mMr O$a Zmhr Ago {VMo _V hmoVo.
lm Amho EdT>o hUUo {V`m g_WZmW nwao Amho Aer {VMr g_OyV hmoVr Am{U {VMoM
Zmhr Va AZoH$ {dmZ bmoH$mMohr AgoM hUUo Agmdo Ogo {XgVo. `m`mnH$s Va
H$mhr n>M hUVmV H$s lm ho kmZgmYZ Amho, _mU Amho. Ago B{`mZr aJ,
AmdmO B`mXtMo kmZ hmoV,o qH$dm Ogo EH$ {dYmZ Iao Agob Va AZoH$ Xwgar {dYmZo
ImoQ>r Agy eH$V ZmhrV ho kmZ VH$mZo hmoVo, VgoM loZo B{ò Am{U AZw_mZ `mZm
Am`mp_H$ {df`mMo kmZ hmoVo Ago Vo hUmVmV. hUyZM Jw$da lm R>odm, doXmda
lm R>odm Agm AmJh Y_mV Ho$bm OmVmo.
EImm {dYmZmda {dmg R>odUo Am{U Vo Iao Amho Ago _mZUo EH$M Amho.
EImXo {dYmZ ImoQ>o Amho Ago Oa Amn`mbm nQ>bo Agob, Va `m`mda {dmg R>do Uo
Ae` AgVo. A_wH$ {dYmZmda _mPm {dmg Amho, nU Vo ImoQ>o Amho Ago _bm
_mhrV Amho Ago hUUo dXVmo`mKmVmMo CXmhaU Amho. naVw EImXo {dYmZ Amn`mbm
Iao dmQ>bo qH$dm Amnbm `mda {dmg Amho, hUyZ Vo Iao AgobM Ago Zmhr.
{dmg {H$Vrhr n$m Agbm Var `mZo `m {dYmZmda {dmg Amho Vo {dYmZ Iao hmoV
Zmhr. {dmg n$m qH$dm S>i_irV AgUo hm _ZmMm JwU Amho. naVw {dmg Iam Amho
H$s ImoQ>m Vo dVwpWVrZo R>aVo. CXm. gy` ndr^modVr {\$aVmo Ago Amn`mbm `j
{XgVo, Am{U hOmamo df} _Zw`mMm {dmg hmoVm H$s Vo Iao Amho. Vmo ImoQ>m _mZ`m~b
J{b{bAmobm VwJ mV Omdo bmJbo, Am{U {VWoM `mMm AV Pmbm. nU nwT>o {dkmZmMr
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JVr Pm`mZVa Vmo {dmg ImoQ>m Amho ho {g Pmbo, Am{U Iw MMbmhr Vo H$~yb
H$amdo bmJVo. Vohm {dmg AgUo qH$dm Vmo n$m AgUo doJio, Am{U Vmo Iam
AgUo doJio.
hUOo lm (hUOo AWmV {dmg) {H$Vrhr {ZeH$ Agbr Var Vr Iar
Amho H$s Zmhr hm {eH$M amhVmo, Am{U `mMo Cma Vr ^m_H$ Amho Ago Agy
eH$Vo ho bjmV R>do bo nm{hOo. ^m_H$ loMr CXmhaUo Amn`m òH$m`m AZw^dmMr
AmhoV. AmnU g_OVmo H$s A_wH$ _hmamO BamMm AdVma AmhoV Am{U `mMo ~mob
H$Yr ImoQ>o R>aV ZmhrV, naVw Ho$hm Var _hmamOmMr b~mS>r CKS>r nS>V.o nU Aem doir
XoIrb lmdmZ hUVmo H$s hm _Zw` bwm hmoVm. Am_Mo _hmamO Ago ZmhrV. Am{U
Aem arVrZo hm `dhma Mmby amhVmo.
{dmg qH$dm lm Iam Zgob Va Vr R>odUo MyH$ Amho ho CKS> Amho, Am{U
Vo MyH$ EdT>oM Zho Va hm{ZH$maH$hr Agy eHo$b. MwH$s`m {dmgmMo {dmgKmV
gdmMm n[aM`mMo AmhoV. nU EImXr lm MwH$sMr Amho ho Amn`mbm H$go H$iy
eHo$b? `m mMo Cma ~aoM JwVmJwVrMo Amho. nU BVHo$ {Z{V H$s {dmg MwHy$
eH$Vmo. Am{U hUyZ lm kmZgmYZ Amho ho Ag` Amho ho CKS> Amho. bm{H$H$
OrdZmV H$moUr Oa EImXo {dYmZ Iao Ag`mMm Xmdm Ho$bm Va AmnU dm^m{dH$M
{dMmaVmo H$s "H$emd$Z?' Am{U `mZo Oa Cma {Xbo H$s "_mPr Ver lm Amho
hUyZ', Va AmnU Vo doS>onUmMo g_Oy Am{U VrM Jmo> nabmoH${df`r`m loMrhr
Amho. Vr H$Yr MwH$V Zmhr ho H$Xm{n Z nQ>Umao Amho.
hUyZ lobmhr Vr Iam Amho ho {g H$amdo bmJob. Aem pWVrV lm
kmZgmYZ Amho, qH$dm _mU Amho, Vo A_moK kmZgmYZ Amho, ho hUUo doS>nUmMo Amho
ho gmJUo ZH$moM.
[AmOMm
gwYmaH$, df 8 do, \o$~wdmar 1998 (AH$ 8/11) _YyZ nwZ_w{V]
""$Xod, Y_ d A`m_ `m gH$nZm~m~V

ZmpVH$ OodT>m OmJ$H$ Amho, VodT>mM VH$~wr d {dkmZ
`m~m~V AYl Amho.''
{dO` ~oS>oH$a
lm Am{U AYlm
Zao Xm^mobH$a
AYlm-{Z_ybZm`m Midir_ò gJir Midi `m {df`m^modVr {\$aV
AgVo. Am{U `m H$mhr {e`m Am{U Amo`m Amhmbm Midir_ò {_iV AgVmV,
`mMm `mM {df`mer g~Y AgVmo. H$mhr OUmZm Ago dmQ>Vo, Am_Mo H$m_ A`mo`
Amho, A{Z> Amho, AamV Amho. H$mhr OUmZm Ago dmQ>Vo H$s, ho H$m_ Pm`m{edm`
I`m AWmZo Amnbm Xoe 21 `m eVH$mV nXmnU H$aUma Zmhr. Am{U H$mhrOUmZm
Ago dmQ>Vo H$s, AYlm-{Z_yb
Zm`m ZmdmImbr Amhr Xod, Y_, nanam ~wS>dV AmhmoV.
Vo hUVmV, "AYlm hUOo H$m`? AYlm hUOo lo`m {ZIm`mdaMr amI.
amI CS>dyZ bmdbr H$s AmVbm {ZImam nwhm nydugmaIm VoOdr hmoVmo. `m_mUo
AYloMr amI CS>dZy bmd`mMr JaO Amho. nU `mMdoir amI CS>d`m`m H$VrV
Vmo {ZImamM {dPbm OmUma Zmhr `mMr H$miOr Ko`mMr Amd`H$Vm Amho.'
loMr gmnojVm
ho Ago KS>Vo `mMo H$maU EH$mMr lm AgVo, Vr Xwg`mMr AYlm
AgVo Am{U {Vg`mMr AYlm AgVo, Vr Mm`mMr OrdZ-_aUmMr lm AgVo,
Am{U hUyZM lm Am{U AYlm ZrQ>nUo g_OmdyZ `m`m bmJVmV. lm Am{U
AYlm g_OmdyZ KoVmZm AS>MU òVo; H$maU `m H$mbgmnoj Am{U `{$gmnoj
AgVmV. Amn`mbm _mhrV Amho H$s, H$mhr dfmndy u amOWmZ òWo Xodambm `m JmdmV
nVr`m {ZYZmZVa EH$ r gVr Jobr Am{U gnUy Xoeâ EH$M JXmamoi CS>mbm. Aem
H$mao gVr Om`mbm ~Xr H$aUmam H$m`Xm `mnyduM hmoVm. naVw XoeâmVrb jwY
bmoH$mMr _mJUr bjmV KoD$Z Vmo H$m`Xm H$S>H$ H$amdm bmJbm. AmVm Ho$di gVr
OmUo Am{U gVr Om`mbm _XV H$aUo EdT>mM XIbnm Jwhm Zmhr, Va Aem H$aUmMo
CXmmrH$aU H$a`mgmR>r `m gJr hOa amhUo hrXoIrb J^ra KQ>Zm _mZ`mV Ambobr
Amho. `mMo H$maU AmO AmnU gJioOU _m` H$amb H$s, gVr OmUo hr {ZImbg
AYlm Amho. nU _mJ`m eVH$m_Yrb Jmo> H$m` hmoVr? `m doib
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gVr OmV Agbo`m EH$m rbm _moR>m Y`mZo dmMdbo, `m doiobm `m H$mi`m
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`mdoib
o m ehmUo-gwaVo emr-n{S>V Abmhm~mX`m hm`H$moQ>m_ ò Jobo H$s, "Am_`m
n{d Y_lo_ò `m nVrZo T>dimT>di H$a`mMm A{YH$ma BQ> B{S>`m H$nZrbm
Zao Xm^moiH$a
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g`gmB~m~mMo CXmhaU KoD$. gJ`mZr g`gmB~m~mMm \$moQ>mo ~{KVbobm Amho.
g`gmB~m~m ho AmO`m OJmVbo _hmZ ~m~m, Jw, _hmamO, gmYy Ago `m`m ^$mH$Sy>Z
_mZbo OmVo. g`gmB~m~mMo d{eQ> H$m` Amho? Vo hdoVyZ hmV {\$adVmV Am{U
Vwhmbm {d^yVr XoVmV. hdo_YyZ hmV {\$adVmV Am{U Vwhmbm gmo`mMr qH$dm MmXrMr
AJR>r XoVmV., Am{U hdo_YyZ hmV {\$adyZ `mZr gmo`mMo bmH$o Q> qH$dm aZmMo hmaXoIrb
Amn`m {e`mZm {X`m`m Jmo>r `m`m A{YH$V nwVH$mV _mOXy AmhoV. gmB~m~mMo
ho _hmZ M_H$ma `mZm `m XoemVrb am>nVr, nVYmZmnmgyZ AZoH$OUmMo lmWmZ
~ZdVmV. `mCbQ> ho M_H$ma BVa AZoH$mZm {Zdi ~Zdm~Zdr d AYlm dmT>dUmao
~wdm~mOrMo H$ma dmQ>VmV. hr Pmbr loMr `{$gmnoojVm.
{M{H$goVrb AS>MUr
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JW m_m`, VrZ `$s. `$s dV loMr {M{H$gm H$aV Zmhr Am{U BVamZr loMr
{M{H$gm Ho$bobr {Vbm MmbV Zmhr. eXm_m` `mMm AW Agm H$s, `$sMm eX
_mU _mZmd`mMm, `mMr {M{H$gm H$amd`mMr Zmhr. `$sZo gm{JVbobm eX ho
A{V_ g` Amho; `m~m~V Vnmg`mMr, {M{H$gm H$a`mMr JaOM Zmhr. Aer
^y{_H$m AZoH$Xm KoVbr OmVo. `m_wio loMr {M{H$gm hmoUo XwamnmV hmoD$Z ~gVo.
BVa jomV gmoS>mM, naVw {dkmZm`m jomVXoIrb ho Pmbobo Amho. J{b{bAmoZo Xw~uU
emoYyZ H$mT>br. `m AmYmao `mZo Amn`m A` ghH$m`mZm Aer {dZVr Ho$br H$s,
`m Xw{~Ur_YyZ Vwhr ~Km. Ammmn`V Amn`mbm _mhrV Zgbo`m Jw `m JhmMo
AmUIr VrZ CnJh Vwhmbm {XgVrb. `mdoir {dmnrR>mV A[aQ>mQ >bZo gm{JVbo`m
kmZm`m AmYmao {ejU {Xbo OmV Ago Am{U A[aQ>mQ>bMo hUUo hm A{V_ eX
_mZbm OmV Ago. A[aQ>mQ>bZo Oo gmJyZ R>odbo Zmhr Vo AgUo e`M Zmhr, Aer
`m`m {e`mMr lm hmoVr. H$maU A[aQ>mQ >b hm H$mS> n{S>V hmoVm. `mMo dUZ Ago
Ho$bo OmV Ago H$s, "He is a master of all who know'. A[aQ>mQ >bdarb lo`m_wio
Xw{~UrVyZ ~K`mg Jbr{bAmo`m ghH$m`mZr `mbm ZH$ma {Xbm. `mbm Vo hUmbo
H$s, "Vwbm {XgUmao Jw$Mo VrZ CnJh ho CnJh ZmhrVM. Vo Vw`m Xw{~Ur`m H$mModarb
VrZ S>mJ AmhoV. Jbr{bAmo hUmbm, "_J H$mM nwgyZ KoD$ `m'. Vo hUmbo H$s, "Vr
H$mM nwgZy KoV`mZVahr Oa Vwbm Vo CnJh {XgV AgVrb, Va Vw`m S>mo `m`m_ò
H$mhr {~KmS> Pmbm Agob'. Jbr{bAmo hUmbm, "_J Vwhr Vw_Mo S>mi
o o bmdyZ ~Km'.
Vo hUmbo, "Amhmbm Am_Mo S>moio bmd`mMr JaOM dmQ>V Zmhr. Am_Mr Am_`m
kmZmda Am{U Jw$`m eXmda n$s lm Amho. Vw`m S>mo `mV {~KmS> Pmbm Zgob,
Va _J H$Xm{MV Vmo Vw`m _|XyV Pmbm Agob. eodQ>r `m ghH$m`mZr Xw{~Ur_YyZ
~{KVboM Zmhr. H$maU `mZr A[aQ>mQ >bMm eX _mU _mZbm. ho Pmbo eXm_m`.
JWm_m` hUOo H$m`? _r A{bH$S>o EH$Xm OmbZm òWo Jobmo hmoVmo. `m
{OmVrb gmIa H$maIm`mVrb EH$ A{YH$mar _bm ôQ>md`mg Ambm. Vmo hUmbm,
"_r Vw_Mr nwVH$ dmMbobr AmhoV. _r Vw_`m _VmMm Amho. naVw _mPo A` ghH$mar
{_ _bm Ag {dMmaVmV H$s, kmZoamZr JmWo_ò Ag {bhZ R>odb Amho H$s, Omo
H$moUr `m JmWoM nR>U H$arb `mMo AZoH${dY \$m`Xo hmoVrbM. naVw `m~amo~aM
`mMr ^yV~mYmhr niyZ OmBb. `m AWu kmZoamZr ^yV~mYm niyZ Om`m~b {b{hb
`mAWu ^yV`moZr ApVdmV Agob, `mMr ~mYm hmoV AgUma ho {gM hmoV. kmZoa
hUVmV, ^yV AgV. Vy hUVmog, ^yV ZgV. ehmU H$moU? kmZoa H$s Vw_Mo Xm^mobH$a?
`mMo Cma gaiM Amho H$s, kmZoaM. `m_wio ^yV AgVo Agm {ZH$f {ZKVmo.'
bjmV `m kmZoa ho \$ma _moR>o H$dr Am{U Vdk hmoVo. nU hUyZ `mZr `m`m
nwVH$mV Oo {bhZ R>odbo Vo JWm_m` Vgo`m Vgo _mZmd`mMr JaO Zmhr. `m_wio
kmZoamZm H$_rnUm òV Zmhr. H$m` KS>Vo nhm. Oo_ò qH$dm `mo_ò bmoH$ BH$Sy>Z
{VH$S>o {\$aV AgVmV. H$moR>oVar EH$m {R>H$mUr JmS>mMm Ioi Mmbbobm AgVmo.
~mOybm bmoH$mM H$m|S>mi AgV. ânya JXu Pmbobr AgVo. dV`m VrZ-Mma dfm`m
nmoambm KoD$Z OoV {\$aUmam ~mn `m H$m|S>m`m`mOdi W~H$Vmo. Q>mMm da H$$Z
AmV H$m` Amho, ho ~K`mMm `Z H$aVmo. `mbm Odinmg H$mhrM {XgV Zmhr.
EdT>mV Vo nmoa hUVo, "~m~m, ~m~m, Vwhr _bm CMbyZ Immda `m. ~mn `mbm
CMbVmo, Amn`m Immda ~gdVmo. _J nmoambm _Y`m dVwimVrb gd H$mhr {Xgy
bmJVo. Vmo ~mnmbm gmJy bmJVmo. "BW EH$ JmS>r Amho. Vmo nwJ r dmOdV Amho. `m`mg_moa
ZmJ Amho. Vmo ZmJ S>mb
o V Amho. AmOy~mOybm Aem Aem Jmo>r AmhoV.' ho gmao EoH$`mZVa
~mn nmoambm Ago hUV Zmhr H$s, "boH$m, Vy \$$ Mma dfmMm Am{U _r MmVrg dfmMm!
_bm Oo H$iV Zmhr, _bm Oo {XgV Zmhr; Vo Vwbm g_OV H$m`?' Iao Cma ho Amho
H$s, ~mnmbm Oo {XgV Zmhr Vo nmoambm {XgV Amho; H$maU nmoaJm ~mnm`m Immda
~gbobm Amho. `m_wio VodT>>m gX^mV nmoaJm ~mnmnojm lo> hmoVmo. gmVeo dfm`m
{dkmZmMr {eS>r H$$Z _r Am{U AmnU gd kmZoam`m Immda ~gbmo AmhmoV.
kmZoam`m H$mir _J _ZmMo Amamo`, _ZmMo AmOma, ^yV~mYm `m H$nZm n> ZgUo
dm^m{dH$ hmoVo. naVw AmVm AmnUmbm _mhrV Amho H$s, OJmV ^yV Hw$R>oM ZgVo. Vo
Vw_`m Am_`m _ZmV AgVo. `m_wio `m ~m~VrV Amn`mbm kmZoam`m JmWoMo
m_m` _mZ`mMr JaO Zmhr.
H$mhr AYlm OmVmV, `mMr H$maUo
naVw VarXoIrb AZoH$ AYlm JiyZ nS>bo`m AmnU ~KVmo. ho H$em_wio
KS>Vo? ho KS>Vo `mMr H$mhr H$maUo AmhoV. H$mhr {d{e> d$nm`m AYlm Xya
Zao Xm^moiH$a
H$a`mgmR>r H$mhr {d{e> d$nmMr n[apWVr CnH$maH$ R>aVo. Ogo `m AYlm

{ZImbgnUo AmkmZmda AmYm[aV AmhoV, A`m AYlm kmZm`m H$memV {dViyZ
OmVmV. EH$doi Aer hmoVr H$s ho _mhrV ZhVo H$s EImm `$sbm Vmn H$m òVmo?
`$sbm Vmn òB. Vmnm~amo~a Vm|S>mda \$moS> òV. H$mhr {XdgmZr Vmn OmB. Vm|S>mdaMo
\$moS>hr OmV. `m`m In`mhr nS>V. naVw dU H$m`_ amhmV Am{U Vm|S> ho R>mo `m`m
Vno`mgmaIo {Xgo. hUyZ hm XodrMm H$mon Amho, Ago _mZbo OmD$Z `mbm XodrMm amoJ
g_Obm OmD$ bmJbm. _J EH$ doi Aer Ambr H$s `mdoib
o m Xodr`m bgrMm emoY
bmJbm. bjmV Ago Ambo H$s, XodrMm OVy hm \$$ _mUgm`mH$Sy>Z _mUgm`mH$S>Mo
OmD$ eH$Vmo. OJm_ò Oa EH$hr _mUyg Xodr`m amoJmMm amoJr Cabm Zmhr; Va OJmVyZ
Xodr amoJmMo CmQ>Z hmoUo e` Amho. AmO Vgo Pmbobo Amho. "XodrMm amoJr H$idm
Am{U hOma nò, Zho, EH$ bmI nò {_idm.' Ago Oar Vwhr gm{JVboV, Var
AmVm Vmo amoJr {_iUma Zmhr, Am{U XodrMr bg Q>moMyZ Ko`mMr JaOM am{hbr Zmhr.
hUOo kmZ Ambo, AkmZ Jobo. AkmZm`m ~amo~aMr AYlm Jobr.
AYloMm Xwgam H$ma AgVmo A_mZwf AYlmMm. `m AYlm _mZwf
ZgVmV, A_mZwf AgVmV; `m ApVdmV AgVmV, naVw `m`m~b g_mO_mZgm_ò
EH$ KUmnXVm, gVmn Am{U MrS> AgVo. Amn`mbm XodXmgr`m Wo~b _m{hVr
Amho. XodXmgr`m Wo_ò S>mo `mV Ambobr Ho$gmMr OQ> qH$dm AmBd{S>bmZr Ho$bobm
Zdg `mgmR>r Va`m-VmR>m _wbrMo b Xodmer AWdm Xodrer bmdbo OmVo. `m_wio
H$m` hmoVo? Xodmer b hr H$nZm AZg{JH$ Ag`m_wio `jmV Vr _wbJr EH$
Va _w~ B`m do`m~mOmamV {dH$br OmVo qH$dm Jmd`m Q>`mM YZ ~ZVo. {V`m gwIr
ggmam`m dZmMr amIamJmoir hmoVo. `m Jmo>r AmOhr Mmby AmhoV. naVw `m~b
OZ_mZgm_ò EH$ gVmn Midit_wio OmJV Pmbm Amho. A`m AYlm Xya H$a`mgmR>r
OZ_mZgmMm nmqR>~m {_idUo Amd`H$ AgVo. `mM H$ma`m AmUIr H$mhr AYlm
hUOo AKmoar AYlm. H$mhr {R>H$mUr Zdg \o$S>`mgmR>r AKmoar nVtMm dmna Ho$bm
OmVmo. H$mhrOU dVbm H$nmimda boS>Z {Mam _m$Z KoVmV. Va H$mhrOU niV
òD$Z Xodim`m XJS>r q^Vrda Amnbo S>moHo$ \$mS>H$Z AmnQy>Z KoVmV. `m_wio
dm^m{dH$nUoM mg hmo`mMr, {Odmbm YmoH$m hmo`mMr e`Vm AgVo. Hw$R>`mM
Y_mZo, gVmZr, XodmZr Aem d$nmMr CnmgZm gm{JVbobr Zmhr. hm AKmoar H$ma
Y_mMaUmMm ^mJ Zmhr, ho bmoH$mZm nQ>dUo VwbZoZo gmono OmVo Agm AZw^d Amho.
AmUIr EH$m H$ma`m AYlm ~miJ`m OmVmV. J{V_mZ OrdZ g_mOm_ò
`mMo nmbZ H$aUo e` ZgVo. g_mOm_ò n` Am{U An` Ago ôX nydu hmoVo
Am{U AmOhr AmhoV. `m_ò ne~X r hmoVr, amoQ>r~Xr hmoVr, ~oQ>r~Xr Va hmoVrM hmoVr.
AmOhr n[apWVr H$m` Amho? AmO ne Am{U amoQ>r~Xr Odinmg JiyZ nS>`m
AmhoV. g_mOgwYmaH$mMo `Z `mbm H$maUr^yV AmhoV. naVw `m~amo~aM J{V_mZ
g_mO`dWoZo `mgmR>r hmV^ma bmdbm Amho. Vwhr EH$Xm ~g`m qH$dm aodo`m
JXuV KwgbmV H$s, Vwhmbm Hw$UmMm ne hmoVmo Am{U Vr `$s H$moU Amho ho H$i`mMr
gwVam_ e`Vm Zmhr. `m_wio ne~X r AWhrZ Amho. Vwhr EH$Xm hmQ>b
o mV Jobm H$s,
Vwhmbm `m H$nmVyZ Mhm {Xbm `m H$nm_ò AmYr H$moU Mhm `mbm Amho `mMr
Vwhmbm _m{hVr H$iUo e` Zmhr `m_wio amoQ>r~Xr nmiUo e` hmoV Zmhr. _mUgo
amoQ>r~Xr Am{U ne~X r nmiV ZmhrV, H$maU `mZr _ZmVyZ OmV hr EH$ A`V Ohar
AYlm gmoSy>Z {Xbr Amho, Ago _m Zmhr. dV`m, _wbm`m bm_ò _m OmV
AmdOyZ nm{hbr OmVo. H$maU `m {R>H$mUr Vr n> AgVo, Vr nmiUo e` AgVo.
_m{gH$ nmir_ò r AmOhr dVbm An{d _mZVo. naVw nydu`m H$mir _m{gH$
nmirV r nmM {Xdg Kam_ò EH$m ~mOybm H$mon`mV ~gV Ago. AmO H$moU`mhr
ZmoH$ar`m {R>H$mUr _m{gH$ nmirMr hUyZ _{h`mbm nmM {XdgmMr aOm {Xbr OmV
Zmhr. `m_wio _m{gH$ nmirV r Ane Amho hr H$nZm Xya hmo`mg _XV hmoVo.
g_mOgwYmaH$ `mgmR>r `Z H$aVmV, `m AYlm Xya hmo`mg _XV hmoVo.
`mMo H$maU Amn`mbm hm EH$ MmJbm dmagm {_imbobm AgVmo. {dgm`m eVH$m`m
gwdmVrbm nwUo eham_ò AZoH$ {`m Vm~S>r AbdUr Zogbo`m Am{U S>mo`mMo
Ho$ednZ Ho$bo`m {XgV. `m A^mJr {dYdm hmo`m, `mZr Ho$ednZ H$aU hm `m
H$miMm Y_g H$mamMm, Y_loMm ^mJ hmoVm. A{bH$S>o Aer KQ>Zm _hmam>mVrb EH$m
{OmV KS>br H$s, EH$m rZo nVr`m {ZYZmZVa dVMo Ho$ednZ H$a`mMr BN>m
JQ> Ho$br. AmVm Vgm {dMma Ho$bm, Va dVMo Ho$g hm `$s`m dmV`mMm ^mJ
Amho. H$moUrhr nwf dVMo Ho$g H$m H$mT>Vmo! H$mhr doiobm {VnVrbm OmD$Z Ambm
Am{U Xodmbm Ho$g {Xbo hUyZ H$mT>Vmo? H$mhr doiobm {gZo_mV`m {hamoMo AZwH$aU
H$a`mgmR>r VwiVwirV M_ZJmoQ>m H$aVmo Am{U H$mhr doib
o m Kam_ò KS>bo `m A{`
KQ>Z_o i
w o Ym{_H$ H$`mMm ^mJ hUyZ Vmo dVMo Ho$g H$mT>Vmo. Ho$g dVMo AgVmV.
`m_wio Vo Ho$hm H$mT>m`Mo hm A{YH$ma `m `$sMm AgVmo. `mM nVrZo Vr gw{e{jV
{dYdm r hUmbr, "_m`m nVr`m {ZYZmZVa _r _mPm {dnwb Ho$eg^ma gm^miy
BpN>V Zmhr. _r Ho$ednZ H$aUma!' EH$m ~mOyZo {dMma Ho$bm, Va {VMo Ho$g hm {V`m
`{$_dmMm Am{U `{$dmV`mMm ^mJ hmoVm. Varhr {Vbm gdmZr hoM g_OmdyZ
gmJ`mMm `Z Ho$bm H$s, "~mB J, Vy Ho$ednZ H$$ ZH$mog. nVr`m {ZYZmZVa
r`m OrdZmbm AW Zmhr, {V`m gmX`mbm AW Zmhr, {VZo {dyn {XgUo A{YH$
MmJbo, `m gd H$nZm nVr`m {ZYZmZVa rMo Ho$ednZ H$a`m`m _mJo hmo`m. `m
gd Ho$di AYlmM Zh`m, Va rda bmXbobr Jwbm_{Jar hmoVr. nVr`m {ZYZmZVa
Ho$ednZ H$a`mMo rZo ~X Ho$bo `mMm AW `m AYlo`m Jwbm_{JarVyZ {VZo dVMr
gwQ>H$m H$a`mMo EH$ nmD$b nwT>o Q>mH$bo. naVw Oa `{$dmV`m`m ZmdmZo nwhm ho
gw$ Pmbo, Va `mMm AW _hmam>mV`m gm_m{OH$ gwYmaUoMm 50 df} _mJo Zo`mgmaIm
Zao Xm^moiH$a
AYlm AmYma KoUo, Amhmar OmUo

AmVm lm Am{U AYlm `m gX^mVrb AmUIr EH$m _hdm`m _wmMm
AmnU {dMma H$$. hm _wm Agm Amho H$s, AYlmMo {Z_yb
Z ho nyUV Am{U gdm`m
~m~VrV e` Amho H$m? `m ~m~Vr_ò {dMma H$aVmZm EH$ Jmo> bjmV `md`mg
hdr H$s _mUgo AYl H$m hmoVmV? `m gX^mV Am_`m gWo`m H$m`H$ _mV ~mobVmZm
gw{g gm{hp`H$ {dO` V|Sw>bH$a hUmbo hmoVo H$s, "Vwhmbm Ago dmQ>V Zmhr H$m
H$s, _mUg AYl AgVmV; H$maU AYl AgU hr `mMr JaO AgVo?' `mMm
AW AmnU ZrQ> g_OmdyZ KoVbm nm{hOo. _mUgmZm Oohm AZno{jVar`m _moR>m AmKmV
gmogmdm bmJVmo, `mdoiobm `m AmKmVmZr Amnbo dVMo `{$_d CXdV hmoD$
Zò hUyZ _mUgo AYloMm AmYma KoVmV. hm AmKmV H$Yr O_V Ambobo _wbrMo b
_moS>`mMm AgVmo, hmVm-Vm|S>mer Ambobr _wbmMr ZmoH$ar Om`mMm AgVmo, Kam_Y`m
EImm nwfmbm _moR>m AnKmV hmo`mMm AgVmo qH$dm `mM d$nmMo BVa H$mhr Agy
eH$VmV. AmnU EH$ CXmhaU KoVbo, Va hm _wm A{YH$ n> hmoBb
. _mUgmMo `{$_d
MmJbo AgVo Am{U EImXr ~OmOMr Hy$Q>a MmJbr AgVo. _mUgmMo `{$_d MmJbo
AgVo, `mMm AW `mbm AmBd{S>bmH$Sy>Z {_imbobr AmZwd{eH$Vm Am{U `m`m
`{$_dmMr AmOy~mOy`m dmVmdaUmV Pmbobr KS>U hr `mo` AgVo. ~OmOMr Hy$Q>a
MmJbr AgVo, `mMm AW ~OmO`m Hy$Q>aMo ^mJ Am{U `mMr OwiUr `mo` AgVo.
nU ~OmOMr Hy$Q>a MmJbr Agbr, Var {Vbm emH$ A~gm~a ~gdbobm AgVmo.
H$maU Hy$Q>a MmJbr Agbr Var aVm MmJbm ZgVmo, a`mda ImMIiJo AgVmV
Am{U a`mda`m `m ImMIi`m_i
w o Hy$Q>abm H$_r Y$m ~gmdm Am{U Hy$Q>abm
~gbm Var Mmbob, grQ>da ~gbo`m Amn`mbm H$_r Y$m ~gmdm, `mgmR>r dmhZmbm
emH$ A~gm~a AgVmV. OrdZm`m `m a`md$Z AmnU OmVmo, `m`mdahr
Anojm^JmMo Ago AZoH$ bhmZ-_moR>o I>o AgVmV. Amn`m `{$_dmMo dmhZ `m
Anojm^Jm`m I>m`m _ò _moS>y Z nSy> Zò, Y$m ghZ H$a`mMr j_Vm `m`m_ò
`mdr hUyZ AYlmMo emH$ A~gm~a AmnU Amn`m `{$_dmbm ~gdVmo. hr
Jmo> `mo` Zmhr, nU j` Amho. _mUgo g_OyZ Ko`mMm hm Amho.
loMo Mma {ZH$f

lo`m ~m~Vr_ò Mma {ZH$f bmdmd`mMo, Vo H$moUVo? n{hbm {ZH$f hm
g`mMm hUOo Vnmg`mMm. `m lobm g`m`m AmYmao {dMmabobm MmbV
Zmhr, Vr lmhr AYlmM AgVo. hUOo? ~m~mgmho~ Am~oS>H$amZr EHo$ {R>H$mUr
\$ma N>mZ hQ>bobo Amho
""Vwhmbm Oa EH$ {ndim MH$MH$sV VwH$S>m {_imbm Va Vwhr AmZXmZo Aem
CS>m _m$ bmJVm H$m H$s, _bm gmoZ {_imb? Vwhr Ag hUVm H$s, hm {ndim
VwH$S>m AmJr_ò Q>mHy$Z Oa Vo gmoZ Agob, Va Vo COiyZ {ZKob; {nVi Agob Va
{dViyZ OmBb. Vwhr Omo {ZU` EImm {nVio`m YmVy`m VwH$S>m~b KoVm, Vmo
{ZU` dV`m OrdZm_ò Vwhr `m`m AmYmao OrdZmMr C^maUr H$aUma `m
_y`m~b H$m KoV Zmhr? `m _y`m~XXb
Vmo {ZU` Vwhr KoVbm nm{hOo. `mMm AW
Agm H$s, g`m`m AmYmao Vw_`m loMr A{narjmhr Vwhr Ho$br nm{hOo. Xwgam
{ZH$f hUOo Amn`mnojm doJ`m lm AgUmao bmoH$ g_mOmV AgUma. `m`m_wio
Omon`V bmoH$ gd H$maMo Am{M`mMo ~Y nmiyZ doJ`m lmMm gma H$aVmV Vmon`V
`mZm nadmZJr {Xbr nm{hOo. Amn`mnojm doJ`m lmMm gma H$a`mMr, Mma
H$a`mMr, gK{Q>V H$a`mMr Am{U `mmao bmoH$mZm Amn`m ~mOyMo ~Zd`mMr nadmZJr
XoUo ho Xwg`m`m lo`m AmXamer g~{YV Amho, g{hUwVoer g~{YV Amho Am{U
OrdZmV`m Aqhgo`m _yb^yV {Z`_mer g~{ YV Amho. hUOo "_mPr lm hrM g`
Amho. Am{U _m`mnojm doJ`m lm ~miJUm`mbm òWo A{O~mV WmZ Zmhr', Ag
hUU hr _moR>rM AYlm Amho. hUyZ loMr n{hbr H$gmoQ>r hr g`mMr Amho, Va
loMr Xwgar H$gmoQ>r hr AqhgoMr Amho. loMr {Vgar H$gmoQ>r H$m` Amho? loMr
{Vgar H$gmoQ>r hUOo lm hr H${Verb AgVo. H${Verb AgVo `mMm {ZH$f Agm
^rVr Am{U _moh `m _mUgmbm Xw~b H$aUm`m XmoZ ~i oaUm AgVmV, _mUgo
dV`m {ZU`m_ò ^rVr Am{U _moh `m`m_wio Iyn _moR>o ~Xb KS>dVmV. Vw_Mr
Vw_`m Y_mda lm Amho; nU Vwhmbm Ag {dMmab H$s, "H$m` ao, boH$m drg bmI
nò XoVmo H$e. Y_ ~XbVmog H$m?' Va hr e`Vm Amho H$s AmOy~mOybm H$moUr EoH$V
Zmhr ho ~KyZ Vwhr {dMmamb, "Z$s drg bmI nò XoUma Zm? _J Y_mM H$m`
H$am`M Vo Vw_`m BN>o_mU H$$'. qH$dm Oa H$moUr Cm Vw_`m qH$dm Vw_`m
_wbm~mim`m _mZoda Vbdma R>do br Am{U gm{JVbo, "Y_ ~XbbmV, Va R>rH$; Zmhr
Va Vw_M _wS>H$ CS>dVmo'. Var Vwhr Agm {dMma H$amb H$s, "n{h`mXm Ord OJbm;
Va nwT>M gJi.' "{ea gbm_V Vmo nJS>r nMmg'. Am{U Am{U _J dm^m{dH$nUo
Vwhr hUmb H$s, "OmZ ~Mr bmImo nmò, Vy hUVmog Vg H$$'. Am{U _J _ZmV`m
hUmb, gdS>rgdS>rZ nwhm O_ob, `mdoir nwhm Y_ ~Xby.' `mbm Vwhr ehmUnUmMm
{dMma hUy eH$mb; naVw lmdmZ {dMma hUy eH$Uma Zmhr. Am{U MmWr H$gmoQ>r
Zao Xm^moiH$a
hmoBb. Vohm Vy Ho$ednZ H$$ ZH$mog.' hr {dZVr {Vbm H$a`mV Ambr Am{U {VZo
Vr _m` Ho$br. Vohm AkmZmda AmYm[aV Agbo`m AYlm, A_mZwf Am{U AKmoar
AYlm, J{V_mZ g_mOOrdZmer {dgJV AgUm`m AYlm, g_mOgwYmaH$mZr `Z
Ho$bo`m Am{U `m_wio JiyZ Jobo `m AYlm `m AYlm AmO OmV AmhoV, Om`mg
AZwH$y bVm {Z_mU hmoV Amho. naVw Varhr AYloMo EH$ _moR>o jo AmO {eH$ Amho.
Vo {eH$ Ag`mMo H$maU AmnUmg ~Kmd`mMo Amho Am{U `m~amo~aM loMo d$n
A{YH$ ImobmV g_OmdyZ `m`Mo Amho.
hUOo lm _mUgmMm _y`{ddoH$ CV H$aVo. AYlm _mUgmMm _y`{ddoH$ AdZV

H$aVo. _r `mdoiobm EImXr Jmo> lmnydH$ drH$maVmo, `mdoiobm `m~amo~a òUmam
_y`m_H$ Ame` _bm _m` H$amdm bmJVmo. _r Oa Ag _mZV AgoZ H$s, ^wam_M
ho _mPo lmWmZ Amho; Va ^wam_MmMm _y`m_H$ Ame` Vo g`dMZr hmoVo
Am{U EH$nZrdVr hmoVo, hm Amho. EH$m ~mOybm ^wam_Mm`m~b Oo ~mobVmV Vr
_mUg dV`m `dhmam_ò `m Jmo>t~m~V I~aXmar KoVmV H$s Zmhr Am{U AmJh
YaVmV H$s Zmhr, ho ~K`mgmaI Amho. `mnH$s g`dMZrnUm~b `m Xoem_ò Z
~mobbob ~a Aer pWVr Amho. hUOo "g`_od O`Vo' ho Amnb dm` Amho AemoH$
V^mda {b{hbob. Am{U "Ag`_od O`Vo' hm Amnbm AZw^d Amho. Am{U "Ag`_od
O`Vo' `mgmR>r Amn`mbm Hw$R>M am_mMr AS>MU òV Zmhr.''
`mhrnojm gmono CXmhaU AmnU KoD$. am_ hm `m H$mim_ò EH$nZrdVr
hmoVm. AmO Va EH$nZrdVmMm H$m`Xm Amho. naVw `mdoib
o m am_O_^y_rMm bT>m C^m
am{hbm `mM doib
o m EH$ {dXmaH$ dmVd _hmam>mg_moa Ambo H$s, _hmam>m_ò ghm
bmI n[a`$m {`m AmhoV H$s `mZm Zd`mZr H$maU ZgVmZm Q>mHy$Z {Xbobo Amho
Am{U `mMo ggma dm`mda Ambobo AmhoV. `m ghm bmI n[a`$m {`mMo {OUo,
`mMo OJUo, `mMo g_mOmV AgUo ho ^wam_Mm`m _y`m`m lo`m AmXemer
gwgJ V Amho H$s {dgJV Amho? ho Oa {dgJV Agob; Va Oo am_M m`m loMr ~mV
H$aVmV, `mZr `m {df`mda nmoQ>{VS>H$sZo ~mobm`bm nm{hOo. naVw _S>ir `m {df`m~m~V
_yJ {JiyZ ~gVmV. `mdoib
o m am_ hm _VmMm {df` hmoVmo. _y`mMm hmoV Zmhr. `m`m_wio
AmnU `mbm "lm' hm eX dmnaVmo, H$mhrOU `mbm "{Z>m' hm eX dmnaVmV.
H$mhrOU `mbm "S>moig' hm eX dmnaVmV; eX Hw$R>bm dmnaVm `mbm _hd Zmhr
naVw "Vw_`m loMr {M{H$gm Vwhr H$aVm H$s Zmhr? Vw_`m lo`mnojm doJ`m
lo`m ~m~VrV g{hUw Am{U AqhgH$ Vwhr dmJVm H$s Zmhr? Vw_Mr lm Vwhmbm
H${Verb H$aVo H$s AdZV H$aVo?' `m`mda Vwhr `mbm dVMr lm hUVm, Vr
VnmgyZ KoVm òV.o hm Vnmg`mMm AmJh EHy$UM _mZdr OrdZ nwT>o ZoVmo. hUyZ Amhr
lm Am{U AYlm hm AYlm-{Z_yb
Z MidirMm dMm[aH$ MM}Mm {df` ~ZdVmo.
[
lm AYlm `m nwVH$mVyZ ]
"""dkm{ZH$ kmZ hoM EH$_od _mU kmZ Amho' ho

kmZ dkm{ZH$ Zmhr''.
_o.nw.aoJo
AYlm H$mhr gH$nZm

_moX gh~wo
AmnU AYl AmhmoV ho Odinmg H$moUrM nQ>H$Z hUUma Zmhr. Oam Imobda
{dMma Ho$`mda H$Xm{MV EH$ XmoZ ~m~r _m` Ho$`m OmVrb nU `m VodT>mM.
gdgmYmaU AYlm hUOo Xwg`m Hw$UmMr {d{M g_OyV Ago hQ>bo Va \$mago dmdJo
R>$ Zò. `m gmnoj `mòMm EH$ \$m`Xm hUOo AYlo{d gdmMo EH$_V hmoD$
eH$Vo! H$maU Xwg`mMr AYlm Xya H$aUo ho òH$mMo dm^m{dH$ H$V` AgVo.
AYlm eX Cmabm H$s gmh{OH$nUo _-V, eHw$Z-AneHw$Z,
\$b`mo{V`, Zdggm`mg, dVdH$ò Aem Jmo>r S>mo `mg_moa òVmV. `m gdmZm AYlm
Z hUVm {MniyUH$amZr "bmoH$^_' Agm eX`moJ Ho$bm. AYlm Agbr Va S>mi
o g
lm Hw$R>br? Agm `m ZmdmV nS>V Zmhr. `m_wio hm eX`moJ OmV MnIb
dmQ>Vmo. AYlm eXmMr `mr `m bmoH$^_mnojm OmV Amho. hr `mr gmJUmam
Xwgam eX Zg`mZo lm eXmer KmoQ>mim H$aUmam AYlm hm eXM òWo dmnabm
Amho. nU `m`m AWm`m N>Q>m AY+lm `mnojm doJ`m AmhoV.
Xod, nwZO_, Am_m, dJ/ZaH$ A`m hUOo bm{H$H$mWmZo lm _mZ`m
OmUm`m gH$nZm AYlmM _mZ`m Om`mV Agm H$mhtMm AmJh AgVmo.
{ddoH$dmXmMr hr ^y{_H$m ~hVoH$ Vddo`mZr `mV agob, {X.`.XoenmS>o d hrMo
[aMS> S>m{H$g AmhoV `mZr AmJhnydH$ _mS>bobr {XgVo. Xwg`m ~mOybm Am_m,
nwZO_, `moJgmYZm B`mXr ~m~tH$S>o ghmZw^{y VnydH $ nmhUmao dgV nierH$a "{dkmZ
`m Jmo>t~amo~a `mMr ({ddoH$dmmMr) lm - hmo Vr lmM Amho hr AmYir
Amho.' Ago hUVmV. Va nam_mZgemmH$S>o ghmZw^{y VnydH $ nmhUmao S>m. {dO` ~oS>Ho $a
`m`m _Vo `m Jmo>t{d {ZUm`H$ nwamdm {_imbm Zmhr `m gdmZm AYlm _mZy Zò.
`m doJdoJ`m gH$nZmV AYlmMr `mr H$_r dm OmVr hmoVmZm {XgVo.
AYlm hUOo nwamdm ZgVmZm Yabobm {dmg Aer T>mo~i `m`m Ho$br
OmVo. nU hr `m`m nwaoer Zmhr. nwamdm ZgVmZm AmnU gdOU J\$bVrZo H$mhrVar
_mZV AgVmo. MyH$ g_O`mda AmnU _J gwYm$Z KoVmo. Aembm AmnU Jag_OyV
hmoVr Ago hUVmo nU AYlm hmoVr Ago hUV Zmhr. Jag_OyV d AYlm `mV
ôX^md H$am`Mm R>adbm Va Jag_OyV hr {d nwamdm {_im`mda gnVo Va AYloMo
Vgo hmoV Zmhr. {d nwamdm {_imbm Var `mH$S>o H$mZmS>moim H$aUo dm `mg ImoQ>m
R>adUo ho EH$ AYloMo bjU Amho.
AYloMm EH$ _hdmMm KQ>H$ hUOo ^rVr. Amn`m EImm g_OwVrbm
nwamdm Zgob Am{U {edm` `mg~Yr ^rVr Agob Va `mg AYlm hUVm òBb.
_moX gh~wo
eHw$Z-AneHw$Z, H$mon, Zdg, ^yVoV, ^{d`H$WZ dJao Jmo>r `m `mòV MnIbnUo

~gVmV. {dkmZ ~XbVo AgVo. `mVrb gH$nZm AmO EH$ Am{U Cm EH$ A`m
hmoD$ eH$VmV. nU ghgm `m ~Xb`m gH$nZm ^r{VH$maH$ ZgVmV. EHo$H$mir Aer
g_OyV hmoVr H$s amHo$Q> ho ndr`m JwdmH$fUmnma (escape velocity nojm OmV
doJmZo) H$YrM OmD$ eH$Uma Zmhr. doiZo gw ma hr gH$nZm ~Xbbr nU `mV ^rVrMm
gh^mJ ZhVm.
AmO`m gwYmaH$$_ò gwdmVr`m AH$mV {XdmH$a _mohZtZr lmMr {MbIVo
hm eX`moJ Ho$bm hmoVm. _mPr A_wH$ Jmo>rda lm Amho Ago hUUo hUOo _r AmVm
H$mhr EoHy$Z KoUma Zmhr Agm hmoVmo. CXm. "am_mMm O_ A`moòV am_O_^y_r hUyZ
AmoiI`m OmUm`m {R>H$mUr Pmbm hmoVm Aer _mPr lm Amho.' Aer loMr {MbIVo
dmX Q>mi`mgmR>r dm nwamdm EoHy$Z Z Ko`mgmR>r Cn`moJr R>aVmo.
H$mhr lmMr {Z{_Vr AYloMr ^rVr H$mT>`mgmR>r hmoVo. hUOo ^yV bmJy
Zò hUyZ Hw$R>bgo o Vmo dm _ hUm`Mm, qH$dm ~JmR>, dm H$w g XmIdm`Mm Ago
gd H$ma. AmVm `m Vmo _mXr H$mamV ^rVr ZgVo Va AmVnUm AgVmo.
AYlmMr ^rVr KmbdUmao Vo EH$ H$dM AgVo. lo`m {MbIVmMm hm EH$ doJim
AW. `m gdmZm H$mhr OU lm Ago hUVmV. WmoS>`mV ^r{V`w$ g_OyV (Ja)
hUOo AYlm Va {Z^` g_OyV (hr hr JaM) Vr lm Ago hUVm òBb.
^rVr hm AYloMm _hdmMm JwU Ag`mZo ^rVrMo {ZamH$aU H$aUo Oar
AgVo. `mMo XmoZ bm{H$H$ Cnm` AmhoV. EH$mV {ddoH$dmXr {dMma AJrH$mamdo bmJVmV.
Va Xwg`mV ^rVr Kmbdm`bm loMm AJrH$ma H$am`bm bmJVmo. `m Xwg`m _mJmMr
bmoH${`Vm OmV Amho. `m_wio {H$òH$mZm lm hr AmYmamgmaIr dmQ>Vo. Am{U Vr
gnbr Va nwT>o H$m` Ago dmQ>V amhVo. lmMmaH$, `mV ~hgòZo Y__VMmaH$
gm_rb AmhoV, Amn`m _VmMm Mma H$a`mgmR>r `m ^rVr {ZamH$aU VdkmZmMm
AmYma gJ`mV OmV KoVmZm {XgVmV. Am{U daH$aUr hr AYloda _mV Agbr
Var `m MmamV AYlobm ImoQ>o R>adyZ MmbV Zmhr. H$maU Vgo Pmbo Va `m`m
Cnm`mbm qH$_V amhUma Zmhr. hUyZ AYloMr dmT>rd ^rVr XmIdV loMm dmT>rd
CnMma H$am`Mm Ago `mMo d$n AgVo. AYloMo {ddoH$dmXr {ZamH$aU hUyZ Aem
bmoH$mZm ngV ZgVo. `m`m _Vo H$mir OmXy, ZOa bmJUo (`m Odinmg Hw$R>`mM
Y__VmV g_m{d> ZmhrV) dJao Jmo>r AYlm AgVmV nU `mMo {ZamH$aU {ddoH$dmXr
$nmZo Z hmoVm Hw$R>`m _mZo hmoUo MmJbo. H$maU `m lm`m {MbIVmMm ~mOma ~amM
_moR>m AgVmo. `m _mZmZo dJ/_moj B`m{X nmabm{H$H$ ~m~r lo`m MmamgmR>r \$ma
_moR>m H$m_mV òV ZmhrV Ago {XgVo. nmabm{H$H$ ~m~VrV (Xod, dJ/ZaH$, Am_m
B`m{X) Hw$R>bmM nwamdm {_i`mMr e`Vm ZgVo. Vohm nmabm{H$H$ ~m~tgmR>r lm
eX dmnaVm òVmo hr `m`mXoIrb ~arM MnIb Amho. Va nam_mZgem, Zdg,
\$b`mo{Vf , ^yV bmJUo `m gd Eo{hH$ ~m~VrV nwamdm {_iy eH$Vmo. nU emoYyZhr

Vmo gmnS>V Zmhr hUyZ `mZm AYlm hUVm òBb. hr `m`m {MniyUH$am`m
bmoH$^_ gH$nZobm OdiMr Amho.
AYlm-{Z_ybZ H$aUmao H$m`H$V} `m~m~VrV pQ>H$b ^y{_H$m KoVmZm
{XgVmV. gmh{OH$nUo `m ~m~r {dKmVH$ AmhoV, {nidUyH$ H$aUm`m AmhoV,
\$gdUyH$ H$aUm`m AmhoV, OmV nga`m AmhoV qH$dm `mMo {ZamH$aU OmV ghO
Amho Aem ~m~tZm Vo mYm` XoVmV. `mMm AW BVa ~m~tZm Vo H$_r boIVmV Ago
Zmhr. Wm{nV Y_{damoYr (Ogo g`mMo {edY_UoVo dm _mgdmXr) MidirVrb
H$m`H$`mda nwaogo Y_{damoYr Zg`mMm Amamon H$aVmV. AemMm amoI d gm` ho
{ddoH$dmXr Midir`m ~mhoaMo Ag`mZo XoIrb gmh{OH$M Amho. MidirVrb H$m`H$V}
AgK{Q>V Y_m`m (dX-y ^JV) {d {OV`m naIS>VZo o ~mobVmV {VV`m naIS>nUo
gK{Q>V Y_H$mam{d ~mobV ZmhrV. gK{Q>V Amamo`{df`H$ ~m~VrVhr hrM ^y{_H$m
Vo ~miJVmV. ghgm Vo Am`wd}X, hmo{_AmonWr `m Umbt{d Mma H$aV ZmhrV.
OJmVrb BVa MiditMr ^y{_H$m `mnojm WmoS>r doJir {XgVo. `m`m _Vo
gK{Q>V d AgK{Q>V Y_H$ma EH$mgmaIo EH$ AmhoV. gaH$mar nmVirda (`mV gaH$ma
AZwXm{ZV {ejU Yabo OmVo) Hw$R>`mhr Y_m`m AmYmao dm `m`m MmamW {ZU`
KoVbm OmUma Zmhr `mH$S>o `mMo bj AgVo. Am`wd}X, hmo{_AmonWrgma`m H$mamZm
gaH$mar Aml` dm _m`Vm {_iy Zò `mgmR>r Vo `Zerb AgVmV. AYlo{d
dMm[aH$ Mma, A`mg, gJh `m~m~VrV Vo òWrb Miditnojm Iyn nwT>o {XgVmV.
Va ^maVmVrb Midir m OZ_mZgmH$S>o OmUm`m AmT>iVmV.
AWmV `m MiditMr ^y{_H$m d AYlo`m gH$nZm `mV \$maer JV
H$$ Zò. Midir `m gmh{OH$ar`m n[apWVrZw$n dm H$m_mZw$n AYlo`m `mrMm
gH$moM dm gaU H$aV AgVmV.
_moX gh~wo
{Zara Y_ dJao
1. m {dmMr gwdmV H$er Pmbr ho {dkmZm`m {Z`_mZr emoYVm òUo e`
Amho, `mgmR>r Xodmbm gmH$S>o KmbUo Amd`H$ Zmhr. `m_wio "Xod Zmhr'
Ago {g hmoV Zmhr, nU XodmMr JaO nU Zmhr.
Q>r\$Z hmqH$J
2. Xod Vo H$pnV, em Vo empXH$, nwamZo gH${iH$, ~mH$irH$&$
gV kmZoa
3. Xod Pmbo CXS>, XodmMo _m{S>`bo ^S>, ^yV XodmMo WmoVmS>, EH$mMr Omhbo&
gV am_Xmg
^mJ XmoZ {ddaUm_H$
_, _m{H$ d M_H$ma ~mVMrV _pN> _wS>mer

[$m.
_pN> _wS>o (O_ 1958) AYlm-{Z_ybZmMo H$m_ H$aUmao hUyZ

{g AmhoV. XmoZ hOmam`m Amgnmg `m`mZo, m`{jHo$, ghm nwVH$mMo boIZ,
^m|Xy~m~mMr hmVMbmIr AmoiI`mV hmVIS>m d `m_wio nXm\$me H$aUo, ânya
gKQ>Zm_H$ H$m` Aer `mMr WmoS>`mV AmoiI Amho.]
Vwhr {ddoH$s H$go ~ZbmV?
_mPo bhmZnU IoS>mV d Ka`m dmaH$ar dmVmdaUmV Job.o S>m{| ~dbrOdiMo
AmJmgZ ho _mPo Jmd. _m`m JmdmV gmVdrn`V emim hmoVr. hm`Hy$b S>m|{~dbrV
Am{U ZVaMo {ejU _w~BV Pmbo. _r gmVdrV AgVmZm (1972 gmbr) Am_`m
Jmd`m emioV gnVamd H$X_ JwOr ho {ddoH$s {dMmamMo {ejH$ VoWo ~XbyZ Ambo.
Amhmbm {eH$dVmZm Vo EH$Xm hUmbo H$s Xod ZgVmo Vgo ^yVhr ZgVo. Am_`m
dJmVrb EH$m _wbmZo ho Kar gm{JVbo. _J `mMo AmOmo~m amJdm`bm/^mS>m`bm emioV
Ambo. JwOtZr `m`mer MMm Ho$br Am{U `mV EH$ AmhmZ KoVbo. JmdMm doVmi
(Jmdm~mhoa EH$m XJS>mbm e|Xay bmdbm hmoVm.) H$mo{n> hUyZ {g hmoVm.`m doVmimbm
A_mdò`m amr 12 dmOVm ôQ> m`Mr Ago Vo AmmZ hmoVo. `mdoir Am_Mr
nr.Eg.gr.Mr narjm Ag`m_wio Amhr H$mhr _wbo emioV amhZ A`mg H$arV Agy.
Am_`mg_moaM JwOr H$mR>r d H$Xrb KoD$Z {ZKmbo d naVbo. {VWo OmD$Z IyU hUyZ
bKdr H$$Z Ambo. JwOtda AmVm ho ~oVUma Aer hdm `mdoir JmdmV hmoVr, nU
H$mhrM Pmbo Zmhr. BWyZ _mPm {ddoH$mMm dmg gw$ Pmbm.
Vwhr Midio H$Yr PmbmV?
JwOtMm ghm`H$ hUyZ _r EH$m ~ir OmUm`m Sw>H$amMo Xmdo JwnMwn H$mnbo.
doido a Sw>$a Zmhrgm Pm`mZo ~ir OmUo Q>ibo. hr _mPr MidirMr gwdmV hUVm
òBb
. `mZVahr H$mon hmo`m`m ^rVrImbr Jmd hmoV,o nU H$mhrM Pmbo Zmhr. _r nwT>o
S>m|{~dbrV emioV Jobmo. {VWbo H$mhr {ejH$ `mM {dMmamMo hmoVo. _mPo H$mhr {_
H$`w{ZQ> {dMmagaUrMo hmoV.o _r `mdoir S>m{| ~dbrV dV ImobrV amhm`Mmo, `m_wio
`m`mgmR>r Am`VoM Vo ~R>H$WmZ Pmbo. ~r. o_mZXmMm _hmam> Xmam _m`m H$mZmda/
dmMZmV Ambm. AmnUhr M_H$ma H$$Z XmIdy Ago dmQy> bmJbo. AH$amdrV AgVmZm
_r Aer m`{jHo$ H$$ bmJbmo. amOH$maU H$a`mnojm bmoH${ejU H$$Z g_mOmV
OmV H$mi {Q>H$Vrb Ago n[aUm_ H$amdo Ago _m`m _ZmV Ambo. `mMm EH$ n[aUm_
hUOo _r ~mamdrV AgVmZm EH$ nwVH$ {b{hbo d {g Ho$bo. ~S>Imoa ~oH$m_ VU
(~~oV) Aer gKQ>Zm _r WmnZ Ho$br hmoVr. Jmd`m Am_`m AmirVbr {dhra _r
h[aOZmgmR>r Iwbr H$$Z {Xbr (1978 gmbr). `mdoir JmdmV _bm {damoY Pmbm. nU
H$mhr `w`mZr _r `mda _mV Ho$br. `mM gw_mamg "mJ{VH$' ZmdmMo gm`bmoQ>mBb
gmm{hH$ _r H$mT>V Ago. _r {b{hbobo nwVH$ S>m{| ~dbr`m AYlm-{Z_yb
Z g{_VrMo
H$m`H$V} amOy XoenmS>o `m`m hmVr nS>bo. Vo ~KyZ Vo _bm emoYV Ambo. `mZVa _r
A{Zg MidirV gh^mJr Pmbmo.
_m{H$mMo X` n[adVZ hmoVo H$m?
Xmm gmVIoS>o (Zmd WmoS>go o ~Xbbo) ZmdmMm VU _m{H$ ChmgZJabm amhVmo
Ago H$ibo. "AmSy> _mSy>..' Agm _ hUV `mMo Mmbm`Mo. `mbm ôQ>bmo. emioV
Om`mMm Q>mi`mgmR>r `mZo ho gw$ Ho$bo Am{U {MH$Q>bo Ago Vmo hUmbm. `m`mer
~mob`mda Vmo _m{H${Jar ~X H$am`bm V`ma Pmbm. _m `mg `m~Xbr H$m_mMr
JaO hmoVr. OmoVmoda Vo {_imbo Zmhr VmoVmoda `mMo ho MmbyM am{hbo. _m`m _m{hVr`m
_mUgmH$adr `mbm H$m_ {_imbo Am{U `mMm _momoJ gnbm. \$amI eoI (Zmd
WmoS>go o ~Xbbo) Zmdm`m _m{H$mZo _m`m {_mbm 200 n`mZo \$gdbo. `mMm emoY
KoV _r `mbm ôQ>bmo. `mbmhr ZmoH$ar {_idyZ {Xbr d `mMo H$m_ Wm~bo. H$mhr
_m{H$ {nT>rOmV AgVmV. ngo {_idUo ho AmVm `m`m >rZo _hdmMo ZgVo. _m`m
_m{hVrV Ago XmoZ _m{H$ hmoVo. EH$ OU gmn CVadm`Mm _ dmnam`Mm. _m`m
AmVo^mdmbm gmn Mmdbm Vohm `mbm `m`mH$S>o Zobo hmoV.o _m`m bhmZnUMr Jmo>
hr. `m`mda nmUr CS>dyZ `mZo gmnmMo {df CVadm`Mo _ hQ>bo hmoVo Am{U ngo
KoVbo ZhVo. ~`mM dfmZV a Vmo _bm ôQ>bm. `mZo _m` Ho$bo H$s gmn CVad`mMr
Hw$R>brhr {dm `mg ZhVr. nU bmoH$mZm AmYma dmQ>Vmo `m H$maUmZo `mZo Vo Mmby
R>do bo hmoV.o IamoIa {df~mYm Pmbr Ago `mbm dmQ>bo Va Vmo Iw~rZo XwgarH$S>o hUOo
hmpnQ>bbm dJao nmR>dV Ago. `m _m{H$mMo gmnmMo kmZ H$o hmoV.o Mmd`m`m IwUm
~KyZ {dfmar {~Z{dfmar Ago `mg H$iV ZhVo. Xwgao EH$ _m{H$ H$m{dirMo AmfY
m`Mo. `mMm _wbJm S>mQ>a hmoVm d _m`m n[aM`mMm hmoVm. `mMr nV hUOo
amo`mbm Vo H$emV Var bnoQy>Z T>oHy$U Im`bm m`Mo. _J n` nmUr dJao gmJm`Mo.
_w` Coe n`nm`mMm hmoVm Ago Vo hUm`Mo. `mMmhr ngo H$_mdUo hm H$ma ZhVm.
`m Xmohr _m{H$mMo CmoJ _r _wm_ OmD$Z ~X nmS>bo ZmhrV.
_m{H$mZm {ejm hmoVo H$m?
Odinmg Zmhr. `mg _w` H$maU hUOo `m``dWm. 1991 `m Amgnmg,
ZXay ~ma {OmVrb AgbmoX_XmUo JmdmVrb Ab_ eoI ZmdmMm _m{H$ {g hmoVm.
`mbm Amhr arVga nH$Sy>Z {Xbo. gwdmVrbm Amhr `mMm nmR>nwamdm Ho$bm. nU
VmaIm BV`m nS>m``m H$s Amhmbm OmUo-òUo H$R>rU hmoD$ bmJbo. nmo{bghr Amnbr
Ho$g nyU H$am`Mr O~m~Xmar ZrQ>go nmiV ZmhrV Ago {Xgbo.
_pN> _wS>|Mr _wbmIV
_ hUOo H$m`? Vw_`m _m{hVrVrb _ Hw$R>Mo?

_ AWnUy d AWey ` Aem XmoZ nVrMo AgVmV. H$Yr H$Yr Xmohr AgVmV.
"AmSy> _mSy> H$mSy>, C~amImbr JmSy>, Voam XwIVm Vmo _ `m H$$' hm _ Xmm gmVIoS>Zo Mo
Ho$bm hmoVm. "{~g{_m{ha h_m{Za{h_, Hw$pgZ _mpgZ {_`m{gZ em{I{gZ A~w{gZ,
{~g{_m{ha h_m{Za{h_' hm EH$ {ZaWH$ _. "~mYao ~mY Am`mJo`mMr nrS>m
~mY, ~mYao ~mY `m`mdaMr ZOa ~mY' Agm EH$ _. "H$mbr H$mbr _hmH$mbr,
~gbm amOm {edm Ioir' Agmhr EH$ _. ho gd _ `jmV dmnabo Jobobo _.
`mMm n[aUm_ ^$mda qH$dm AS>`mZS>`mda ânya hmoVmo.
{d{dY _mZdr g_yhm_ò _mMr EH$ gai d gwb^ nanam MmbV Ambobr
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Amho. `mM _yi ZjmV O_bo`m gV EH$ZmWmZr hQ>bo Amho,
gwhmg qeJmao
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gwhmg qeJmao
bo Ho$di n{H$m Z Owi`mZo _moS>VmV.

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bmJy nS>Vmo.
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\$b`mo{VfmMm \$mobnUm H$meH$ - _hmam> AYlm-{Z_yb
Z g{_Vr
AmH$memer OS>bo ZmVo boIH$ - O`V ZmairH$a
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boIH$ - _mYd [ag~yS>
5) Hw$S>br V Am{U _ ^mJ - 1 d 2 boIH$ d. Xm. ^Q>
6) Superstition : Author : Felix E. Planer
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Am{U `m {df`mV ag KoUmar gw{e{jV _mUgo {dMmaVmV.
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{df`mMr `mo` A`mg Z H$aVmM `mbm Adkm{ZH$ Agm eoam
_m$Z dkm{ZH$ _moH$io hmoVmV. dVwpWVr Ver Zmhr.''
O`V ZmairH$a
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Agbm Var _aUmoma OrdZmMo ApVd Am{U `mMm {OdV _mUgmbm Agbobm YmoH$m
`m XmoZ _yi H$nZm Y_, Xoe `m`m gr_m AmoiIV Zmhr.
Vgo nmhm`bm Jobo Va Y_m`m H$mQ>oH$moa MmH$Q>rV "^wVm'Mm g_mdoe Ae`
hUm`bm hdm. H$maU qhXy Y_m`m [admOmZwgma qH$dm _m`VoZwgma òH$ `$tMo
nmn-nw` `mMm \$gbm nwZO_ hmoD$Z Xwg`m O_mV hmoUo ^mJ Amho. `m_wio _aUmZVa
Am`mZo Vm~S>Vmo~rZo qH$dm ~mam {XdgmZVa Xwgao eara YmaU H$am`bm hdo. {Vr
_mUgmMo gd nmnH$_ òeyZo AmYrM {ejm ^moJ`m_wio `mZohr ndrVbmda a|JmiUo
MyH$ R>aVo Am{U _wpb_ Y_u`mMo Am_o H$`m_V H$m {XZ òBn`V H$~ar_ò {dlmVr
KoUo Ano{jV Amho. Ago AgVmZmhr gd Y_m_ò _aUmoma ^yV ~Z`mMr {H$`m
Amho. AJXr A~mh_ qbH$Z gma`m `$sbmXoIrb ^yV ~ZyZ ^Q>H$mdo bmJVo. Y_mMm
nJS>m O~aXV AgVmZmhr ^wVmMr H$nZm M{bV Ag`m_mJo H$mhrVar WoQ> AZw^dmMm
`` Am{U Vmohr ~hVHo $ gdmZm Agm`bm hdm. ^wVmMm ^mg \$$ `mbm Km~aUm`m
qH$dm ^wVmda {dmg R>odUm`mbmM hmoVmo Ago _mPo _V hmoVo naVw Jo`m dfu _r
dVM `mMm AZw^d KoVbm. (AWmV `m_wio "^yV' IamoIaM ApVdmV AgVo Ago
H$mhr _r gmJUma Zmhr) naVw `m_wio `m H$nZoH$S>o ~K`mMm {>H$moU ~Xbbm `mMr
H$~wbr m`bm haH$V Zmhr.
`m _mJMr hH$sH$V Aer H$s Am_`m gmo~V H$m_ H$aV AgUmam H$_Mmar
AMmZH$ _`y nmdbm. EH$m {d{e> {R>H$mUr ~gyZ òUm`m-OmUm`m BVa H$_Mm`mda
J_Vrera eoao H$a`mMr `mMr gd` Am_`m AJdiUr nS>br hmoVr. `mM H$maUm_wio
gO` gmdaH$a
H$m hmoBZm nU XmoZ-VrZ doim VoWyZ OmVmZm Vmo {VWoM Amho Am{U Amn`mbm hmH$
_maVmo Agm ^mg _bmXoIrb Pmbm. Agm ^mg ^rVrnojm gd`rMm n[aUm_ Amho hohr
`mVyZ bjmV Ambo. `m`m _ZmV AmYrM ^wVmMr H$nZm R>m_ _mS>yZ Amho `m`mgmR>r
hm ^mg hUOo `mMm Z _mJVm {_imbobm nwamdmM Amho. Ago nwamdo AmnU R>adyZ
Ho$bo`m `moJmnojm OmV R>gVmV hohr {VVHo$M Iao. naVw ^wVmMr gmJS> ^rVrerM
H$m KmVbr OmVo? Amnbm {_ ^yV Pm`mda mg Xo`mMr e`Vm OmV Amho Ago
H$m dmQ>mdo `mMo Cma H$mhr CH$m{VdmmH$S>o Amho. `m`m hU`mZwgma ^rVrMr ^mdZm
OrdZ {Q>Hy$Z amh`m_mJo OmV \$m`Xoera R>aVo. CXmhaUM m`Mo Pmbo Va `jmV
gmn AgVmZm Vmo Zmhr Ago dmQ>Uo `m ^_mV Agbobr `$s gnXe
mbm Am_U XoD$
eHo$b naVw `m`m CbQ> hUOo gmn ZgVmZm gmn Ag`mMr ^rVr `m _mZmZo VmoQ>mMr
R>aV Zmhr. `m_wio {dfmMr narjm Ko`m`m ^mZJS>rV Hw$Ur nS>V Zmhr. naVw EdT>oM
H$maU ^wVm`m gmd{H$ ^rVr_mJo Amho Ago _mZUo hUOo gmo`m-gmo`m CmamMr
Anojm H$a`mgmaIo Amho. BJO r {MnQ>mV Zy (Am{U `mMr Z$b H$aUm`m Amn`m
qhXr {MnQ>m_ YyZXoIrb) Zoh_rMo {XgUmao S> `ybm qH$dm hnmà ZmdmMo ^yV! ^wVm`m
H$nZo_mJrb H$hmUr EH$m noZ`m S>mQ>aZo CbJSy>Z XmIdbr.
S>`ybmda AmYm[aV {MnQ> nmhVmZm noZMo _|Xy{dH$maVk OwAmZ Jmo_oP
Abmogmo `m`m ao~rO`m Um_ò Am{U S>`ybm`m {MUm_ò AgUmao gm`
bjmV Ambo.
Hw$m qH$dm H$momgma`m m`m`m Mm`mZVa ao~rO amoJmMr e`Vm AgVo.
`m Um_ò {ZmZme, Zm`yM o AMmZH$ AmHw$ MZ (_Hy$ba nm_) `m_wio a${_{lV
WwH$s òUo `m`m~amo~aM COoS>, nmUr Am{U Amaemgma`m dVyZm AgUmar
A{VgdoXZerbVm `mMm Vmi_oi S>`ybm qH$dm hnmà`m {MUmer OdiOdi
VVmoVV ~gVmo. `mV bgUm`m dmgmbm {Ûmao S> `ybm Am{U Xwg`m gm_m` `$sMm
Mmdm KoV`mZVa `m `$sMo S> `ybm_ò $nmVa hmoUo `m gm`m_wio S> `ybm Xwgao{Vgao
H$moUr ZgyZ ao~rOMo U AgmdoV Ago _mZm`bm dmd Amho. hnmà Am{U S> `ybm`m
H$hm`m {g hmo`mMm H$mi Am{U ao~rO`m `wamon_Yrb ggJm`m CndmMm H$mi
hmhr OwiVmo. {deofV hJao r_Yrb 1721 Vo 28 `m H$mimV hm Cnd _moR>m _mUmV
hmoVm. S>m.OwAmZ `mZr `m gX^mVrb EH$ boI _o{S>H$b OZb Am\$ `wambmOr$_ò
1998 _ò {g Ho$bm Amho. `mAJmoXa 1985 _ò S>ophS> S>mp\$Z Zmdm`m
Ordagm`ZVkmZo a$m`m AmOmamer hnmàer VwbZm H$a`mMm `Z Ho$bm hmoVm.
ao~rO `m AmOmamer amr m`m_ò $nmVa hmoUm`m _Zw`m`m qH$dm ^wVm`m
H$WmerXoIrb gmJS> KmbVm òBb
. `m{edm` oVm_o {\$a`m`m KQ>ZMo m N>S>mXoIrb
AemM nVrZo bmdbm Jobm. {d\$o S> Zmdm`m EH$m Hw$_mad`rZ _wbmbm `m`m _`yZV a
nwa`mV Ambo. Vmo EH$m dfmZV a nwhm JmdmV Ambm naVw H$moQ>mg `m ^m{VH$sVkm`m
_Vo ho ^yV ZhVo. `m hVr ^mJmV {d\o$S> amhV hmoVm `mM n[agamV {_iUm`m
_memMo `H$V {dfmar AgVo. ho {df _Zw`mbm nyUnUo _m$ eH$V Zgbo Var _Zw`
_o`mgmaIm {Zn{MV nS>Vmo. {d\$o S>`m H$Wo_ò {df`moJmZVa {d\o$S>bm nwa`mV
Ambo. `m_wio AmpgOZ`m H$_VaVoMm n[aUm_ `m`m _|Xdy a Pmbm Ag`mMr e`Vm
hmoVr. hVr n[agamV H$~ar \$ma Imob IU`m OmV ZmhrV. `m_wio {d\o$S> `mVyZ
~mhoa òD$ eH$bm. AWmV H$mhr qH$_V MwH$dyZM. `mZVa S>m. amOa _bmoar `mZr
{d\$o S>`m _|XMy o E_.Ama.Am`. H$Z Ho$`mZVa `mV _|Xb
y m AmpgOZ`m H$_VaVo_i
w o
BOm Pm`mMo {Zn Pmbo. `mVyZ {d\o$S> hm oVm_m ZgyZ {df`moJmMm ~ir hmoVm
hoM {g Pmbo. AWmV ^wVmIoVm`m ZmdmImbr Hw$Ur Hw$UmMo IyZ Ho$bo AgVrb ho
gmJUo H$R>rUM.
qhXr {MnQ>md$Z Hw$Ur BW`m ^wVm~b AZw_mZ H$mT>`mMm `Z H$aob
Va {ZH$f h_Img MwH$Vrb. AWmV `mMo H$maU qhXr {MnQ>mVrb ^wVo hr BJOr
{MnQ>mda ~oVbobr AgVmV. `wamonr` qH$dm {Vr/_wpb_ gH$Vr_Yrb ^wVo
H$~ar_YyZ CRy>Z ~mhoa òVmV. `m`mer gdgm_m` `$s Aèdr H$m hmoBZ m _mam_mar
H$$ eH$Vo. `mMo H$maU AWmVM `m`mVrb X\$ZnVr Amho. qhXy nanaoVrb ^yV
Aearar AgVo. `m_wio Vo _ZmoH$m_Zm nyU H$a`mg earamMm Vm~m KoV.o ZmhrVa ^mg_mZ
AgVo. H$moH$UmV`m _m`m Jmdr AgVmZm AgmM EH$ AZw^d EoH$m`bm {_imbm.
qdMdmMm S>I Pm`mZo _`w_wIr nS>bo`m _wbrbm ^wVmZoM Zobo Agm g_O `m`m
nmbH$mMm hmoVm. `mMo H$maU _wbrMm _`y qdMdm`m S>I
mZo bJoM Pmbm ZhVm. XmoZ
{Xdg `m _wbrbm ~oe
w mdWoV H$mhr _mUgo {XgV hmoVr. Vr _mUgoM Amn`m _wbrbm
~mobdm`bm Ambr hm nmbH$mMm g_O Xya H$aUo H$R>rUM hmoVo. qdMy Mmd`mZVa
a$Xm~mV H$_mbrMr KQ> òVo. `m n[apWVrV _|Xybm H$_r a$nwadR>m Pm`mZo Ago
^mg hmoUo e` hmoVo. Kam~mhoa Pmon`mda Hw$UrVar N>mVrda Xm~ XoVmo Amho. Ago
AZw^dhr ~`mM OUmZm òVmV. `m gdmMm g~Y AWmVM ^wVmer OmoS>bm OmVmo.
^wVm~b`m `m H$nZm Am{U AZw^d hm AmUIr EH$m _moR>m AYloMm
nm`m Amho. `m AZw^dmVyZ ^yV AgVoM hr EH$ ^y{_H$m V`ma Pmbr H$s _J `mda
AmYm[aV {nem~mYm Am{U PmS> bmJUo dJao AYlm AmnmoAmnM I`m R>aVmV.
`mbm AmUIr EH$ OmoS> Amho r-nwf {df_VoMr! Xodr AJmV òUo hmXoIrb EH$H$mao
{nem~mYoMmM naVw _mZ {_idyZ XoUmam H$ma hUm`bm haH$V Zmhr. {`m`mM
AJmV H$m òVo? `mMo H$maU CKS> Amho, Vo hUOo {`m`m Am{dH$ma-dmV`mbm
KmVbobm bJm_! gm` d$nmMm _mZ{gH$ AmOma AgUm`m `$t_ò {`mMo _mU
_moR>o AgVo H$maU Vo n[apWVrda Adb~yZ Amho. nwfm_ò VmU-VUmd Agbo Var
`mZm Xm$ {nUo, am-am {_m~amo~a ~mhoa amhUo, b{JH$ VmU hbH$m H$a`mgmR>r
doòH$S>o OmUo B`mXr _mJ CnbY AgVmV. `mCbQ> òH$ ~m~rgmR>r AJXr ZmoH$ar
gO` gmdaH$a
H$aV AgVmZmXoIrb Zd`mda Adb~Zy AgUm`m rda Hw$Qw>~ mMr O~m~Xmar AmngyH$
òVo. `mV nwhm _ZmV Oo òVo Vo ~mob`mMo dmV` Zmhr. KamV`m ~mBbm H$gbo
Ambo` Q>o eZ! Aerhr g_OyV ~`mM OUmMr AgVo. `m VmUmMo $nmVa gm` _mZ{gH$
AmOmamV hmoUo hr Zg{JH$ ~m~ Amho. d^mdmZo {MS>{MS>r AgUmar `$s VoW`m VoWo
hm amJ `$ Var H$aVo naVw {O`mda gmo{eH$VoMo gH$ma Pmbo AgVrb qH$dm _wimVM
Agwa{jVVo_i
w o Jn amhUo ^mJ AgVo Aem `$s`m _ZmMm H$m|S>_mam Ag hmoD$Z
`mMr n[aUVr AWmVM {nem~mYm qH$dm AJmV ò`m_ò hmoV.o Xodr AJmV ò`m_ò
Am{U ^yV bmJ`m_ò Oar dada \$aH$ {XgV Agbm Var Vo EH$mM _mZ{gH$ amoJmMo
bjU Amho ho g_OyZ KoVbo Var nwao.
BVa amoJmMr Am{U _mZ{gH$ amoJmMr gmJS> ^wVmer qH$dm {nem~mYoer
Kmb`mV _w` \$aH$ Amho Vmo CnMmamMm! Xodr`m amoJmMm g~Y _ar_mB`m H$monmer
bmdbm Om`Mm naVw `$s`m g_OwVrMm Am{U CnMmam`m n[aUm_mMm WoQ> g~Y `m
{R>H$mUr Zmhr. `$s {H$Vrhr AYl Agmo XodrMr bg Q>mMo br H$s XodrMm amoJ hmo`mMr
e`Vm Z> hmoV.o naVw _mZ{gH$ AmOmamda`m CnMmam_ò _m UmMo ghH$m` A`V
_hdmMr ~m~ R>aVo. Am{U ~hYm ho ghH$m` nman[aH$ _Vm`m ^mdm_wio _m{H$mbmM
{_iV AgVo. _m{H$mH$S>o _moR>m _mUmV U òV Ag`mZo `mbm Anè Ambo
Var gyQ> {_iVo. _ZmoUmMr gmJS> ^yV~mYoer KmV`mZo AmYw{ZH$ CnMmamMm _mJ
OdiOdi ~X hmoVmo. EImmbm ^yV~mYm Pmbr Va ""Vwhr `mbm _Zmo{dH$ma-VkmH$S>o
KoD$Z Om'', Ago gmJUo gmono AgVo. naVw `mMm `j \$m`Xm \$ma H$_r hmoVmo. `mV
nwhm _ZmMm AmOma Pmbm hUOo "Hy$ {T>bm Pmbm'. Aem H$maMo Q>mo_Uo EoH$m`Mo.
ngm IM H$am`Mm, AmOy~mOy`m bmoH$mMo go ZmH$mam`Mo. BVHo$ gJio gmogV AgVmZm
AWmVM `mMm n[aUm_ AmYw{ZH$ CnMmanVtH$Sy>Z dmT>bo `m Anojmda hmoVmo. `m_wio
S>m Q>amZr H$mhrVar OmXyMr H$mS>r {\$adyZ Oa Umbm ~ao Ho$bo Zmhr Va _J ""Amn`mbm
IamoIaM ^wVmZo nH$S>bo Amho'' `mMr Imr nQ>Vo. Aem gJ`m Xw>MH$mMo AmmZ
AYlm-{Z_yb
Z MidirVrb H$m`H$`mg_moa Amho.
`mV nwhm OmXwB CnMmamMr Amd`H$Vm bmoH$mZm H$m dmQ>Vo hm _hdmMm
Amho. Agwa{jV dmVmdaUmV H$moUVrhr {hVmMr KQ>Zm gai _mJmZo hmoVmZm {XgVM
Zmhr. `m Anojm^JmVyZ \$$ H$moUrVar _hm_m qH$dm OmXwB VmH$V Amn`mbm ~mhoa
H$mTy> eHo$b Aer g_OyV BWo Obobr Amho. AmnU Zoh_r hUVmo H$s {dkmZmMr g>r
nmoMbr naVw >r nmoMbr Zmhr naVw IaoM Vgo Amho H$m? {dkmZmMo \$m`Xo Hw$Umbm
{_imbo H$m? `m mMo Cma ~hVmer bmoH$m`m ~m~VrV Zmhr AgoM mdo bmJob.
^wVm~b`m H$nZm `mMr ^rVr ho `m BW`m AOyZhr _mJmg am{hbo`m g_mOmMo
bjU Amho. gm`m qdMy`m S>I
mZo `$s _aVo `mMo H$maU qdMdmMo {df Ohmb AgVo
EdT>o EH$M H$maU Zmhr Va XiUdiUmMr Anwar gmYZo, mW{_H$ Amamo`gw{dYoMm
~moOdmam `m_wio JmdR>r CnMma, _-V `mda Adb~Zy amhUo ^mJ nS>V.o `mV `$sMm
_`y Pm`mg `mbm ^yV~mYoMo H$maU Vm{H$H$ dmQ>Vo. `m gd n[apWVrMm {dMma
Ho$bm Va ^yV hUOo Ho$di "{^`mnmR>r ~amjg' EdT>o hUyZ {Ir CS>d`mMr ~m~
Zmhr Va `mbm Jm^r`mZo Ko`mMr JaO Amho.
Amamo` Am{U AYlm

{Z{Ib Omoer
AmnU òH$ KQ>ZoMo H$maU emoYVmo. ZH$mo Agbo`m KQ>Zm Q>miyZ h`m
Agbo`m KQ>Zm dmadma KS>{d`mgmR>r Vr n{hbr nmàr Amho. KQ>Zo `m H$maUeI
boVrb
Amn`m Hw$dVrMo Xwdo emoYyZ `mda {ZÙ H$a`mMr Amnbr BN>m AgVo. ho dUZ
{dkmZmMo Agbo Var CH$mVr_wio Vo Amn`m d^mdmVM _wabo Amho.
AWmV, CH$mVrZo {_imbo`m BVa JwUm_mUoM, H$maU emoY`mMr H$bmgwm
AJXr mW{_H$ Amho. Hw$`mZm A Xo`m`m doioAmYr BdmZ nmdbmd `mZr EH$
KQ>mZmX H$a`mMr gd` Ho$br. amoO Agm KQ>mZmX EoH$`mZVa {Zdi KQ>mZmX EoH$y ZM
Hw$`mZm bmi gwQ>o. `mMm AW Agm H$s g` gmnS>bo Zgbo Var dmadma KS>Um`m
H$mH$Vmbr` `m`mda (post hoc, ergo propter hoc) R>m_ {dmg R>do `mMr gOrdmZm
gd` Amho. KQ>ZMo o H$maU B{`J` Zgbo H$s CnOV gd`rZo BVa H$moU`mhr KQ>Zb
o m
H$maU g_Obo OmVo. `mVyZ AYloMm CJ_ hmoVmo.
H$~wVamZm Ym`mMm EH$EH$ XmUm {Z`{_VnUo XoUmao EH$ ` ~r. E\$. pH$Za
`mZr ~Z{dbo. XmUm {_i`m`m doiog H$~yVa Or H$mhr H$Vr H$arV Ago, VrM H$Vr
H$~yVa dmadma H$ar. `m H$Vr`m Anèm`m AZw^dmH$So> H$~yVa ~aoMXm Xwbj
H$ar. `mg counting the hits and ignoring the misses hr gd` H$maUr^yV
Amho. Zdg ~mobZy hr \$m`Xm Z Pmbobo bmoH$ Z{e~mbm Xmof XoVmV, nU \$m`Xm Pmbobo
bmoH$ Om{hamV H$aVmV, VgmM hm H$ma Amho.
AYlm Am{U MwH$s`m g_OwVr `m_ò WmoS>m \$aH$ Amho. g_OyV MyH$
Ag`mMr e`Vm ZmH$maUo, MM}g CgwH$ ZgUo Am{U {Vbm MyH$ R>a{dUmam nwamdm
gmnS>`mZVagwm g_OyV Z ~XbUo, hUOo AYlm hmo`. naV,w _m{hVr`m _hmnwamV
gdM nwamdm dV: VnmgUo e` Zmhr. hUyZM, "Wm{nV' {dkmZmer {dnarV Aem
gd g_OwVtZm AYlm hQ>bo nm{hOo. ~S>Imoa _V emr` Ag`mMo {g H$a`mMr
gYr òH$mbm Xo`mV òVo. naVw, Vgo _V `mo` {dH$n ZgVmZm AmnmoAmn (bydefault) MyH$ R>adyZ, {g H$a`mMo AmoPo (burden of proof) `m`m H$dm`mda
{Z{Ib Omoer
Q>mH$bo nm{hOo. nwamdm VnmgyZ {ZH$f H$mT>`mMr bmoH$mMr j_Vm doJdoJir Agy eH$Vo.
hUyZM, `m boImV AYlm Am{U MwH$sMr g_OyV `m ôXmH$So> Xwbj Ho$bobo Amho.
AJhU Am{U nwZnmXZ `m`mhr AmYr, dgajU ho gOrdmMo VmVS>rMo
ò` AgVo. H$Xm{MV hUyZM, AZoH$ AYlm `m BOm, _`y `m{df`r AgVmV.
_moR>m eyn mgyZ Agbobm YmoH$m (CXm. AmJ, Xar, {eH$mar mUr, B.) Amn`m CnOV
dmrbm g_OVmo. KQ>ZmMr H$maUo gy_ nmVirdarb Ag`mg (CXm. amoJOV)y _m Vr
hrM B{`J` Pmbr AmhoV. hUyZhr Amamo`{df`H$ AYlmMr `mr _moR>r Amho
(`mM YVuda EH$m gd}jUmZwgma, _oH$ {ZH$b B{O{ZAanojm BbopQ>H$b B{O{ZAa A{YH$
Ym{_H$ AgVmV [1,2,3]. ~b, J{V, Va\$, JwdmH$fU, B. {Z`_ Amn`mbm CnOVM
g_OVmV. CbQ>, {dwVM ~w H$s` emmMo, gmnojVoM,o nwO `m{_H$sMo {Z`_ intuitional
dmQ>V ZmhrV. H$Xm{MV `m_wioM `mZm lm R>od`mMr gd` A{YH$ bmJVo
H$m?).{edm`, OrdemmV `m{_lVm AgVo. _`m{XV {ZarjUmVyZ gwQ>gwQ>rV {Z`_
~Z{dUo VoWo e` ZgVo. _`m{XV {dMmaj_Vm Am{U _aUe{$ dmnaUm`mZm g`mEodOr
~Q>~Q>rV AYlmM hmVr bmJVrb. agm`ZemmMo {Z`_ H$_r `m{_l Ag`m_wio
bmoH$mZr drH$mabo AmhoV, amgm`{ZH$ {H$_`mMo (AHo$_r) _``wJrZ `Z AmO
H$moUr J^ranUo KoV Zmhr. naVw dH$emm{df`r AmOhr AkmZO` ^rVr Amho.
"nman[aH$', "Zg{JH$', "hmo{bpQ>H$', Aem OwZmQ> (qH$dm AmYw{ZH$moma) gH$nZmMo
AmH$fU bmoH$mZm Amho. Aem H$mao d^mdmMr KS>U AYlmZm nmofH$ Amho.
_mZdr _|Xyda gH$VrMmgwm nJS>m ~gy eH$Vmo. [aMS> S>m{H$g `mZr hQ>bo
Amho H$s BVamda, {deofV: dS>rbYm`mda {Z:eH$ {dmg R>odUo hrgwm EH$ CnOV
oaUm Amho. "ZXrV _Jar AmhoV", "EdT>m CMrd$Z CS>r _ma`mg nm` _moS>o b", Aem
{dYmZmMr Iw`m _ZmZo VnmgUr H$aUo bhmZ ~mimbm nadS>Uma Zmhr. gdM _mZdge
m`mZm g[agnmMm {VaH$ma dmQ>V Agbm Var ZmJmMr Am{WH$ Cn`w$Vm {Z_mU
Pm`mda (ImS>ddZ Omi`m`m "em`' JmWoH$So> Xwbj
H$$Z) eoVH$ar g_mOmZr ZmJmMr
nyOm ({V AYlm) gw$ Ho$br! _Vm{df`r eH$m {dMma`mg ~Xr H$a`mgmR>r nanam
Am{U Y_ `m eXmMm \$m`Xm hmoVmo. hUyZM, Jm`r _m`m d{ZbhatMo Amamo`mgmR>r
\$m`Xo, VwierVyZ {_iUmam mUdm`y, Jmod`mMm Yya, {edm~,y Jmo_y , lmdUr`m {XderMo
eoU ImUo, Aem Xm`mda bmoH$ bJoM {dmg Q>mH$VmV. S>m. AObr gmo_U `mZr
hQ>bo Amho H$s ""AYlmMr Or g_mOmnwT>o Q>mHy$Z MmbUma Zmhr. g_mO
~w{m_m`dmXr Pmbm Zmhr Va Ow`m AYlm OmVrb Am{U Z`m AYlm {Z_mU
hmoVrb.'' A{VXjVm {d^mJmV _mo~mBb \$moZ dmnaUo AmYw{ZH$ CnH$aUmZm
AS>MUrMo ZgVo `mMr _m{hVr AZoH$ S>mQ>amZmgwm ZgVo. And`rZ Hw$_m[aHo$er
g~Y R>do `m_wio EMAm`hr ~am hmoVo hr Zdr Am{\$H$Z g_OyV {Z_mU hmo`mMo H$maU
Va AZmH$bZr` Amho.
"Iw`m _ZmZo eH$m KoUo' `m _Zmodmrg {V>m XoUmar n[apWVr {Z_mU

Pm`mdahr g_mO MwH$s`m {Xeobm OmD$ eH$Vmo. AmYw{ZH$momadmXr Q>rh \w$ba `m`m
_Vo S>mQ>amda lm R>od`mnojm d`{$H$ _Vo ~miJmdr. `m`m _Vo nwamdm{Y{>V
dH$ hr gH$nZm \$gdr Amho H$maU dkm{ZH$mZm gmnS>bobm nwamdm VnmgyZhr
dkm{ZH$mnj
o m {^ {ZH$f H$mT>`mMo dmV` òH$mbm Amho. òWo "~mn XmId ZmhrVa
lm H$a' `m dmrMm hmg hmoVmo Amho Ago _bm dmQ>Vo. "Wm{nV _Vmda A{dmg
XmI{dUo' `m ^y{_Ho$VyZ H$mpnagr {gmV Am{U N>{dkmZ BVHo$ dmT>bo AmhoV H$s
"_|Xy ~mhoa nSo>b BVHo$ Iwbo _Z Zgmdo' Ago dkm{ZH$mZm hUmdo bmJV Amho. [4].
Jo`m eVH$mV I`m ao{S>`_Zo aJ{dbobr amr M_H$Umar KS>mio bmoH$mZr dmnabr.
dmnaH$`mZm `mMm \$magm mg Pmbm Zmhr naVw KS>mimMo H$mQ>o Am{U AmH$So> hmVmZo
aJ{dUm`m H$mam{JamZm {df~mYm Pmbr H$maU aJmMo ~e Vo (~hYm {`m) {OôZo
Amobo H$arV. AmO Xwg`m Q>moH$mbm bmoH$ _mo~mBb \$moZ`m "{H$aUmogJmbm'Am{U
OZwH$s` A{^`m{H$sZo ~Z{dbo`m dZnVtZm Km~aVmV VgoM by, _S> H$mD$, B.
amoJm`m gmWr Am`m H$s H$amoS>mo Im-m`mZm _m$Z Q>mHy$Z XoVmV.
H$mhr nwamoJm_r bmoH$m`m _Vo AYlm Cn`w$ Agy eH$VmV. CXm.
"{ViJwim_YyZ nwH$i D$Om {_iVo (CU nXmW ho `m`mer {ZJ{S>V EH$ CnIyi
Amho) hUyZ _H$a gH$mVrbm {ViJyi Im`mMr Wm nmimdr.' Vo dV: dkm{ZH$
{>H$moZ ~miJVmV naVw g_mOmMo ^bo H$aUm`m AYlmZm `mMr AZw_Vr AgVo.
nanam`m _`mXm Am{U ZdrZ kmZmZwgma ~XbV amh`mMr JaO {ViJwim`m VWmH${WV
dkm{ZH$ WoVyZ OmUdVo. `mZr gH$mV gmOar H$a`mMr Wm nmS>br Vo ndr`m
namMZ JVr{df`r AZ{^k hmoVo. gmYmaU Xa 72 dfmZr _H$a gH$mV EH$ {Xdg
(F$Vwgmnoj Am{U hUyZM JJo mo[aAZ H$b|S>agmnoj) nwT>o gaH$Vo. nm{ZnV`m {Vg`m
`wmV gH$ mV 10 OmZodmarg hmoVr. nmM hOma dfmnj
o m H$_r H$mimV gZmVZr bmoH$mZm
Chm`mV {ViJyi Imdm bmJob. `mM YVuda, Am{XdmgtMr gdm} Xodr XVoar
{h`m Zmdo nHo$ H$mTy>Z S>m. ~J Amamo`{df`H$ gXoe XoVmV. naVw lm ho \$maM
~oâdemMo h`ma Amho. XVo ar`m AmXoem_wio bgrH$aUmbm V`ma hmoUm`m Am{XdmgtZm
Cm XVoar Xodr qH$dm {~agm _wS>m (dmV`g{ZH$ Am{U "o{fV') `m`mH$Sy>Z
bmoh_mJmVrb {\$eboQ> H$mT>U,o {dOo`m nm`bmZ nmS>U,o ^ygw J noaUo, B. AmXoegwm
{_iy eH$VmV.
~mb Amamo`
An`m`m Amamo`m{df`r nmbH$ {deof qM{VV AgUo dm^m{dH$ Amho.
hUyZM ~mb Amamo`m{df`H$ AYlm Iyn AmhoV. H$m{dirgmR>r MQ>H$o XoU,o JmR>tMr
_mi J`mV KmbUo qH$dm bmoUmd`mbm OmD$Z ZmH$mV XmoZ W|~ AmfY Q>mH$Uo [5],
{Z{Ib Omoer
_ZmoUmZm ^yV~mYm H$mT>`mgmR>r ZoU,o mZ qH$dm gnXe

`mda _ Q>mH$Uo, X`mgmR>r
{OdV _mgm {JiUo, nmo{bAmo`m U _wbmbm H$_aon`V C{H$aS>mV nwaUo, B. AYlm
~`mM M{bV AmhoV. Amamo`{df`H$ AYlm gw{e{jVm_ò gwm AgVmV. _mZdr
earaaMZm _mgmhmamg AZwH$y b Ag`mMo ZmH$maUo, H$m{dir`m Umbm pZY nXmW
Z XoUo qH$dm {df_dam`m UmMr Cnmg_ma H$aUo Ago H$ma gw{e{jVm_ògwm
hmoVmV. "bhmZ _wbmZm {WZmMr JaO AgVo' EdT>rM _m{hVr Agbobo gw{e{jV bmoH$
gH$g AmhmamEodOr _hmJS>m S>`mVrb M_Mmâ {WZo XwYmV KmbVmV. gy`J h Umbm
bmoH$ Km~aVmV, {deofV: `m`m J^mdarb n[aUm_m~m~V A`V ^rVr Amho. Jmoda,
JmbJwS >, ~obm `m`m{d {X`m OmUm`m EH$m bgr_wio Am{Q>P_ hmoV Ag`mMm
MwH$sMm {ZH$f 1998 gmbr EH$m gd}jUmZo ~mam _wbm`m A`mgmVyZ H$mT>bm. `mg
{g{_m`_mZr MS> _hd {Xbo. n[aUm_V: nmm` Xoem_ò bmImo bmoH$mZr hr
bg ZmH$mabr. \${_br S>m Q>amZr Imr XoD$Zgwm bmoH$mZr `m`m AV_Zm`m eH$mZm
XwOmoam XoUm`m {g{_m`_mda {dmg R>do bm. 2008 gmbr S>m `m ImoH$`m{d`m
bgr{df`r AemM A\$dm nga`m hmo`m$[6]. _arAmB qH$dm "Xodr'bm Km~aUm`mnj
o m
ho bmoH$ lo> H$go? bmI n`m`m Mw~H$s` JmXr`m gmIir nV {dH$sVmVrb
Ja`dhmam`m ~mV`m òVM AgVmV. Zrb{Jar Am{U Vwig dmBZ byda Cn`moJr
Ag`m`m A\$dm B-_ob Am{U EgE_Egmao am>r` {dfmUy gemoYZ H|$m`m Zmdo
nga`m hmo`m [7]. Aem A\$dm ngadUo AYloMo bjU Agbo Var `m V`ma
H$aUo hm nVera ImoS>gminUm Amho Am{U `m_mJo Ym{_H$ ~m{YbH$s {XgVo.
nwVHo$ A{V dmMZmZo Am{U {deofV: nwVHo$ S>mo`mOdi Ya`m_wio M_m
"bmJVmo' Aer g_OyV Amho. dVwpWVr Aer Amho H$s `m _wbmMr >r AYy AgVo
Vr _wbo Ioi Q>miyZ nwVHo$ dmM`mg gw$ H$aVmV. S>mo `mOdi nwVHo$ Y$Z dmM`m_wio
"Mm{ier' H$maMm M_m bmJ`mMr e`Vm dmT>Vo ho _m Iao Amho.
dH$jo
"AmO H$_r U òV AmhoV' Aem AWmMo dm` Cma`mg JwVmJwVr`m
g_`m Agbobo AZoH$ U òVmV Ago nmm` XoemV amnmir H$aUm`m AZoH$mZm
dmQ>Vo. "H$m_ H$_r òBb' Aem AnojoZo nwVHo$ qH$dm JmUr EoH$`mMr V`mar Ho$`mg
Iyn H$m_ òVo, Q>oWmoH$mon, Um`m Jmm, B. ew^mew^ Agy eH$VmV Agohr `mZm
dmQ>Vo. amnmirV PmonogmR>r H$_r doi {_iVmo hUyZ H$mhrOU dV:bm H$_Z{e~r
g_OVmV. Ago S>mQ>a H$_r H$m`j_ qH$dm H$_r {ZH$miOr Ag`m_wio Zoh_rMrM
JXu Vnmg`mgmR>r `mZm A{YH$ doi bmJVmo [8, 9].
Mm`m H$bmMm gOrdmda n[aUm_ hmoVmo ho {Z{ddmX Amho. naVw, "_m{gH$'
nmir 29 {XdgmMr AgVo `mMo _yi Mmer g~{ YV hmoVo H$s Zmhr `mMr AOyZ Imr
Zmhr [10], Am{U _mZ{gH$ amoJmMm Mm`m H$bmer g~Y Zg`mMo {g Pmbobo
Amho. eham_Yrb AnKmVmMm nm{U_e
o r g~Y Zg`mMo {g hmoD$Zgwm Ver g_OyV
AZoH$ n[aMm[aH$mZm AgVo [9].
a$XmZm{df`r bmoH$mZm ^rVr dmQ>Vo ho Oar g` Agbo Var a$XmZmMm Mma
H$aUm`m nH$m_ò "it proves to be a healthy habit that helps blood renewal" Agm Xmdm H$$Z gaH$ma bmoH$mMr \$gdUyH$M H$aVo [11].
nmoQ>mVrb H$_t{df`r OJâ AYlm AmhoV. JmoS> nXmWmZr OV hmoVmV Ago
OJâmV AZoH$ bmoH$mZm dmQ>Vo [12,13], Va gmVdm _wbJm ao~rOnmgyZ OVmn`V gd
amoJ ~ao H$$ eH$V Ag`mMo Am`[ae nanao_ò _mZVmV. OVm_i
w o An_mamMo PQ>H$o
ò`mMr e`Vm AJXrM H$_r Agbr Var ^maVmV AZoH$ gw{e{jV nmbH$ Am{U
S>mQ>agwm An_mamgmR>r OV hr e`Vm _mZyZ `mda CnMmamV doi KmbdVmV
[14,15].
H$mMo`m dmVmZwHy${bV B_maVr_ò MH$MH$sV \$a`m KmVbo`m AmYw{ZH$

Imo`m_ò ~gUmao gwQ>m~wQ>mVrb S>mQ>a BVamnojm A{YH$ MmJbo AgVmV, hrgwm
AYlmM Amho. S>m Q>amMr Am{U UmMr dmJUyH$ e` VoWo gm_m{OH$ _Zmod mrZwgma
~XbVo Am{U AmfYo, e{H$`m, ewlfy m, Aem gdM jomV IM dmT>Vmo nU A{V[a$
CnMmam`m Xwn[aUm_m_wio Amamo` ImbmdVo. Umb`m`m Z`m_ò S>m Q>amMo Am{WH$
{hVg~Y Agbo H$s Aer e`Vm dmT>Vo [16].nMdrg bmI n`mMr nXdr, EH$
H$moQ>r n`mMo nX`wma {ejU Am{U H$mhr H$moQ>r n`mMo nm{bpb{ZH$ Aer JwV dUyH$
H$aUmam "[aQ>Z AmZ BhoQ>_|Q>' ~KUmaM!
dH$pnH$ CnMma
dH$pnH$ CnMma `m ZmdmImbr AZoH$ AYlm gK{Q>V Pmbo`m AmhoV.
dH$pnH$ CnMmanVt`m bmoH${`VoMo EH$ H$maU hUOo b{g~mo n[aUm_ Amho.
EImm Umda {dmgmVrb `$sZo qH$dm nmT>`m H$nS>mVrb ~m~Xma `$sZo
AmfYmonMma H$a`mMm qH$dm AmYw{ZH$ {XgUm`m EImm CnH$aUmZo "e{H$`m'
H$a`mMm XoImdm Ho$bm Vargwm Umbm "~ao dmQ>Vo'.A{e{jV bmoH$mZm gwB Q>moMbr
Var AmZX hmoVmo. AWmV, H$moUmMm VwQ>bobm Ad`d CJdV Zmhr [17], naVw doXZm,
X_m, Amb"{nm', Ca$Xm~, B. g_`mMo WmoSo>\$ma e_Z hmoVo. b{g~mo n[aUm_
hmo`mMm EH$ _mJ hUOo {dmgm_wio _|X_y ò {Z_mU hmoUmar A\y$gmaIr agm`Zo hmo`.
dH$pnH$ nVt{d Oohm b{g~mo n[aUm_mMm dmna H$a`mMm Xmdm H$a`mV
òVmo Vohm {VdmX Ho$bm OmVmo H$s "Oa Umbm ~ao dmQ>V Agob, Va `m CnMmamMm
dmna H$a`mV AS>MU H$m` Amho?' naV,w b{g~mo \$m`Xm hmoVmo Ago ~hVHo $ gd amoJ
jwH$ AmhoV. Xwgar AS>MU hUOo b{g~mo n[aUm_mgmR>r Umbm Ak R>do Uo Amd`H$
{Z{Ib Omoer
AgVo. `m`dH$s` {Z`_mZgw ma, Umdarb CnMmamMr gd _m{hVr Umbm XoUo Amd`H$
Amho, naVw b{g~mo AmfY dmna`mMr OmUrd Umbm Pm`mg b{g~mo n[aUm_ ~X
nS>Vmo. CXm. b{g~mo CnMma dV:da H$aVm òV ZmhrV. {Vgam YmoH$m Agm H$s b{g~mo
n[aUm_ CbQ> {Xeobmgwm hmoD$ eH$Vmo. {ZY_u Q>o nbQ>Z {V>mZmbm Ago AmT>ibo
H$s `m {Z mo`mZm ~ao dmQ>mdo Aem Ame`mMr mWZm XodmH$So> H$a`mV Ambr
`m`m e{H$òV JwVmJwV hmo`mMr e`Vm BVa Umnojm A{YH$ hmoVr. `mda ^m`
H$aVmZm _m`Ho$b e_a `mZr Aer e`Vm dV{dbr H$s "_m`mgmR>r XodmH$So> mWZm
H$a`mMr doi Ambr `mMm AW _mPo Amamo` IynM Iam~ Agob' Aem {dMmamZo
amo`mda Zmo{g~mo n[aUm_ Pmbm. MmWm _wm Agm H$s emr` AmfYnVr_ò H$moU`mhr
AmfYmMm n[aUm_ _moOVmZm Umdarb b{g~mo n[aUm_ dOm H$a`mMr `moOZm AgVo.
`m AmfYmMm n[aUm_ _moOmd`mMm Agob Vo AmfY H$mhr UmZm Xo`mV òVo Va H$mhr
UmZm [aH$m_r AmfYo Xo`mV òVmV. H$moU`m Umbm Iar AmfYo {Xbr Vo UmMr
JVr _moOUm`m S>m Q>amZmgwm _m{hVr ZgVo. Aem arVrZo b{g~mo n[aUm_mbm ey`
_mZyZ (offset) emr` AmfYmMm n[aUm_ _moObm OmVmo. b{g~mo Am{U dmVd AmfY
`m`m {H$_VrVrb \$aH$$ Oa `m`m n[aUm_$nr \$m`mVrb \$aH$mnojm H$_r Agob
VaM AmfYmZmM _m`Vm {_iVo. o_i S>m Q>a_wio Omo ew b{g~mo n[aUm_$nr \$m`Xm
hmoV Agob `mnojm {H$VrVar A{YH$ \$m`Xm o_i S>m Q>aZo {Xbo`m dmVd AmfYmMm
hmoBb
. S>m Q>aZo o_mZo dmJmdo hr _mJUr amV Agbr Var b{g~mo n[aUm_mgmR>r `mMm
nwaH$ma H$aUo MyH$ Amho.
dH$pnH$ dH$mbm nman[aH$ dH$ Agogwm g~mo{Ybo OmVo. J_V hUOo
nanam hm eXM An[adVZr`Vm Am{U n`m`mZo Aemr`Vm Xe{dVmo. "nman[aH$ Vo
MmJbo' hr AYlm Amho. dH$pnH$ CnMmanVtMo Xwn[aUm_ ZgVmV Agm Xmdm
H$a`mV òVmo. naVw Am`wd}X qH$dm `wZmZr dH$m_ò gm{JVbo`m EaS> (castor),
YmoVam Am{U O_mbJmoQ>m (croton) gma`m Ombr_ {dfm_wio AZoH$mMm Ord Jobobm
Amho. OmJ{VH$ Amamo` gKQ>Zo `m AXmOmZwgma OJmVrb 80 Q>$o bmoH$ amoJ{V~YmgmR>r
dH$pnH$ CnMmanVr dmnaVmV. òH$ g_mOm_ò nman[aH$ CnMman{V AgVo.
`mnH$s _wI H$mamMr AmoiI H$$Z KoD$.
Am`wd}X, `moJ, mUm`m_, {ZgJm}nMma, B.
Am`wdX} `m {df`mda _r gQ>~| a 2006 `m gwYmaH$`m Amamo` {deofmH$m_ò
g{dVa {b{hbo Amho. `m {deofmH$m`m A{VWr gnmXH$mZr _m`m {dMmamda Q>rH$m
H$a`mgmR>r Oo boI Am_{V Ho$bo hmoVo Vo _mPm boI ZrQ> Z dmMVmM {b{hbobo hmoV.o
hUyZ _mPm boI Am{U `mdarb Q>rHo$Mm {VdmX `mMm H$mhr ^mJ òWo XoV Amho.
AmfYem ho dH$emmda Adb~yZ AgVo. Am`wd}Xm_ò Z_yX H$mhr
CnMmamMo Am`wd}Xm_ò Z_yX Cn`moJ {g Pmbo Var `m Am`wd}{XH$ nVr emr`

R>aV ZmhrV. (_wS>Xyg Pmbo`m ~mimbm Xodim~mhoa R>od`m_wio `mMm _wS>Xyg ~am
Pmbm Va lo` gy`H$membm {_imdo, _m{H$mbm Zho). eara{H$`mUmbr (physiology), amoJmodmMr H$maUo Am{U _mJ, AmfYmMm n[aUm_ hmo`mMr nV, B. AZoH$
Am`wd{} XH$ JhrVHo$ MyH$ AmhoV. Xmof, YmVw, ag B. H$mn{ZH$ gH$nZmMo ApVdgwm
{g Pmbobo Zmhr. `m_wio AmfYo Am`wd}{XH$ {gmVmZm AZwg$Z n[aUm_ H$arV
Ag`mMm nwamdm {_iUo e` Zmhr. AmfYm`m emoYmMo lo` Xo`mg Eo{Vhm{gH$,
^md{ZH$, Am{W H $ _hd Agbo Var d k m{ZH$ _hd Zmhr. H $ mo { gZbm
bgmop_WbmB{ZH$ qH$dm {gmobm {gpbH$ hUV ZmhrV (bgmop_WbmBZ d
{gbm m H$n`mZm lo` {Xbo OmV Zmhr). Am`wdX} m_ò Z_yX nXmWmMo Am`wdX} m_ò
Z_yX Zgbobo Cn`moJ {g Pmbo Va `mMo lo`gwm Am`wd}Xmbm Zgmdo. "Am`wd}XmMm
_wKb Am{U {~{Q>em_wio mg Pmbm' Ago aS>JmUo JmUmao {dgaVmV H$s Am`wd}Xmbm
amOml` hmoVm Vohmgwm bmoH$mMo (Am{U am`H$`mMo) gamgar Am`w`_mZ 35 df}
hmoVo. gmmYrem`m {damoYmbm PwJm$Z {dkmZmZo JVr Ho$br. Cn`w$Vm AgVr Va
Am`wdX} mMmgwm gma Pmbm AgVm.
Ho$BE_ Umb`m_ò dkm{ZH$ nVtZr Am`wd{} XH$ AmfYmMm A`mg H$aVmV.
`mZm 27 Q>$o AmfYm_ò _mZd{Z{_V Q>ramBS > gmnS>br. {dfmar YmVyM m Vnmg H$aVmZm
`mZm Ago AmT>ibo H$s 80 Q>$o AmfYm_ò {ego, 74 Q>$o AmfYm_ò nmam Am{U
76 Q>$o AmfYm_ò Amg}{ZH$ hmoVo [18]. S>m. ea{XZr S>hmUyH$a Am{U S>m. a{d ~mnQ>
`m Am`wd}Xo_r dkm{ZH$mZr Wmnbo`m gWoMo ho AmH$So> AmhoV.
Am`wdX} mZwgma, nm_ `m H$maMo amoJ nydO _mVrb nmnmMr {ejm hUyZ hmoVmV.
`mMm CnMma H$aUo ho Xodm`m BN>obm AmhmZ R>aob. H$Xm{MV hUyZM `m amoJmda
Am`wdX} mV BbmO gm{JVbobm Zmhr. VwH$mam_mZo hQ>bo Amho H$s "nydO _Vr nmno| Vr òVr
amoJ $no| Z OmVr dmMoZr ~mno'| [19]. H$_{dnmH$ {gmV g_mOmbm {ZamemdmXr ~Z{dVmo.
Am`wdX} mVrb nwg dZ {dYrZo hUo J^mMm qbJ~Xb hmoVmo. J^g H$mamgma`m
{ZamYma {dYr`m gr.S>r. S>m. ZohbVm Xoe_wI ~Z{dVmV. Xwg`m Q>moH$mbm, H$mhr
rdmXr {bImUmV Agm Xmdm Ho$bm OmVmo H$s _wbJr hmo`mV nVrMm Xmof AgVmo H$maU
"`' JwUgy nwa{d`mMr O~m~Xmar `mMr AgVo. naVw n{hbm _wm Agm H$s `m `w{$dmXmZo
"_wbJr O_Uo' hr dmBQ> KQ>Zm Ag`m`m nwfH|$r Xm`mbm _m`Vm {_iVo. Xwgao
hUOo dmV{dH$ar`m nwf Xmohr H$maMo ewH$ mUy nwa{dVmo. AS>mUyn`V gdW_ H$moU`m
H$maMm ewH$mUy nmohmoMob Vo `N>oZo R>aV Agbo Var Vo r`m earamV KS>Vo. "`'
JwUgyYmar ewH$mUy A{YH$ doJdmZ AgVmo. ewH$mUyZm "Ymdm`bm' A{YH$ AVa
nwa{d`mda "`' JwUgyYmar H$ma`m ewH$ mUymao \$bZ KS>`mMr e`Vm dmT>`mg
Am` Zgmdo. ewH$mUyda J^me`mVrb md, AmbVm, B. rearamVrb KQ>H$mMm
{Z{Ib Omoer
n[aUm_ KS>Vmo. rdmmZm {damoY H$aUo hm òWo hoVw ZgyZ _wm Agm Amho H$s H$moUVmhr
BVa dmX Ambm H$s ~w{m_m`dmXmH$So> Xwbj hmoVo.
òH$ Zdo dkm{ZH$ AmfY emoY`mgmR>r AOmd{Y nò IM òVmo.
AmfYH$n`m`m dmWm_i
w o dkm{ZH$ dH$ _hmJ Amho ho AYg` Amho. PS>y , S>m~a,
am_Xod, {h_mZr, {dmo, {h_mb`m, Aem gdmMo ò`gwm â_gmR> Z\$mM Amho. Vog
w m
emhI, ~Z `mZm KoD$Z Om{hamVtMm PJ_JmQ> H$aVmV. Am`wdX} mV Z_yX Zgbo`m
AmfYmda "Am`wd}{XH$' Agm {e$m _m$Z H$amVyZ gdbV {_i{dbr OmVo.
`moJ `m eXmMm g~Y Am_m Am{U ~ `m`m EH$$nVoer Amho. AmO
`moJmMo XmoZ H$ma M{bV AmhoV. nVObr`m A>mJ `moJm_ò AmgZ Am{U mUm`m_mMm
CoI Agbm Var gd â g`_, `_, {Z`_, `mZ, YmaUm Am{U g_mYr `mmao
_mZ{gH$ g_mYmZ {_i{d`mda Amho. {dMma Z H$a`mMr Vr pWVr AZoH$mZm AmdS>V.o
Am_m hr gH$nZmM {ZamYma Ag`m_wio `moJmMo gdM {gmV Am{U Xmdo JabmJy
AmhoV. gZm`m `m`m_m_i
w o gZmMo Zm`y ~iH$Q> hmoVmV VgoM gdM Zm`yZ m H$_r
AmpgOZ_ò H$m_ H$a`mMr j_Vm {_iVo. naVw `mZm_wio {_iUmao _mZ{gH$ g_mYmZ
hm ~hVmer b{g~mo n[aUm_ Amho. emV ~gyZ WmoS>r\$ma {dlmVrgwm {_iVo. AmOMr
bmoH${` AmgZo Am{U mUm`m_ nYam`m eVH$m_ò ZmW gXm`mZo {b{hbo`m hR>
`moJm_ò gmnS>VmV. `mZmgmR>r (qH$dm hr Ho$di Amamo`mgmR>r) eara "ew'H$aUo
ho `mMo ò` Amho. `mgmR>r fQH$_}, AmgZo, MHo$$, ZmS>r, Hw$S>{bZr, e{$, Aem
AZoH$ {ZamYma gH$nZmMr _m{hVr {Xbr Amho. AmgZo H$$Z earamg bd{MH$Vm
{_iVo naVw `mgmR>r bmJUmar D$Om H$_r Ag`m_wio \$magm `m`m_ hmoV Zmhr. H$mhr
AmgZo {Zn`moJr AmhoV Va H$mht_wio earamg BOm gwm nmohmoMy eH$Vo.
lr lr a{deH$a `m`m AmQ> Am\$ {bphJ H$m`H$ _mV gwXeZ {H$`m ZmdmMm
mUm`m_mMm H$ma {eH${dbm OmVmo. ~hVoH$mZm n{h`m `ZmVM Vrd ^mdZm,
hmVmnm`mZm _w `m òU,o ^mZ hanUo, earamMo Zm`y AmIS>U,o B. {d_`H$maH$ AZw^d
òVmV. doJmZo mgmoN>dmg H$a`mMm AV^md Agbo`m `m {H$ò_wio earamVrb
H$~{m{Ub dm`yMo _mU H$_r hmoV.o `m_wio _|XMy m a$nwadR>m H$_r hmoVmo VgoM a$mVrb
H$pe`_ {ZpH$` ~ZyZ _mmgWm Cr{nV hmoVo. `m AZw^dmMo H$mhrOUmZm `gZ
bmJVo. naVw gwXeZ {H$òMm H$mhrhr Cn`moJ {g Pmbobm Zmhr. CbQ> AmOmanUm`m
H$mR>mda Agbo`mZm Vr KmVH$ R>$ eH$Vo. ZdamrV KmJar \w$H$VmV `m_mJMo
n>rH$aUhr AgoM Amho.
{ZgJm}nMma `m ZmdmZo CnMma H$aUm`m AZoH$ nWr AmhoV. nmm` ZMamonW r_ò
_mZd{Z{_V AmfYmMm dmna Q>mi`mda â AgVmo. naVw earam`m Zg{JH$ j_VoZo
~ao hmo`mgmR>r S>m Q>abm ngo H$moU XoBb
? hUyZ {ZgJm}nMmam`m Vdmgmo~V hmo{_AmonW r,
amo_mWoanr, A`wn Ma, AmoPmoZ Woanr (A{VZrb {H$aUmZm AS>{d`mgmR>r CM AmH$memV
AmoPmoZ Amd`H$ Agbm Var \w$\w$gmgmR>r Vmo EH$ XyfH$ dm`y Amho), B. dmQ>ob Vo
CnMma Ho$bo OmVmV. ^maVr` gaH$manwaH$V {ZgJm}nMma nVr`m _Vo H$moU`mhr
amoJmMo _yi H$maU OrdmUy ZgyZ Vo O_Uo ho amoJr earamMo EH$ bjU Amho [20]! `m
nVr_ò nmUr, Amhma, hdm, CUVm, _mVr, bmohMw~H$, aJrV H$me, `mMm dmna
Ho$bm OmVmo.
nman[aH$ Vo MmJbo Aer AZoH$mMr R>m_ g_OyV AgVo. Am{e`m IS>mVrb 90
Q>$o bmoH$mZm XwYeH$am nMV Zmhr ho Am`g H$VrMm A{^{Zdoe AgUm`mZm _m{hVr
Zmhr. XyY Am{U _mgo, XyY Am{U Ho$io Aem AZoH$ OmoS>mMo godZ Z H$a`mMr g_mOmV
nV Amho. AmhmamMo gmpdH$, Vm_{gH$ Ago H$ma AgVmV. nmm` bmoH$ Am`w`â
~So > ImVmV. _mMr amoQ>r _m`m ~So >nj
o m MmJbr H$er? {gJaoQ>da Ymo`mMm Bemam
N>mn`mMr _mJUr H$aUmao MrO Am{U bmo`m_wio hmoUm`m moJO` _`yH$So> Xwbj
H$aVmV. {edm` ^maVr` gH$Vr_ò Vobmnojm A{YH$ {V>m gn$ Aem Vwnmbm
Amho. Cndmg `m eXmMm _yi AW Amho "Xodm`m Odi OmUo'. naVw "nMZgWobm
{dlmVrMr JaO AgVo' ho _V gmeH$Vobm {dlmVr {X`m_wio drH$mabo OmVo. Cnmgm`m
ZmdmImbr gm~wXmUm, ^wB_ Jy Am{U ~Q>mQ>m Aem naXoer nXmWmMo godZ Ho$bo OmVo, Va
Eadr AmfYr g_Obo OmUmao bgyU Am{U hiX d` AgVmV.
erVno`m_ò H$sQ>H$ZmeHo$ gmnS>`m`m ~mV`mZm MS> {gr {_imbr.
erVno`-{Z_m`m H$n`m OmUyZ~wOZy ~mQ>br_ò H$sQ>H$ZmeHo$ KmbrV Ag`mMm ge`
Ko`mMo H$mhr H$maU Zmhr. erVno`mgmR>r CMbbo`m nm`mV H$sQ>H$ZmeHo$ Zg`mMr
H$miOr Z KoUo hm `mMm {ZH$miOrnUm O$a Amho. naVw VgboM XmoZ VrZ {bQ>a nmUr
XaamoO {n`m_wio erVno` H$maIm`m`m Amgnmg`m a{hdmemZm Omo mg hmoV Agob
`mnojm erVnoò gwa{jVM amhVrb. erVno`mMr ^rVr BVH$s namH$moQ>rbm Jobr hmoVr H$s
\$mD$Q>Z erVnoò (`mMo nmUr ehamVrbM AgVo) {nUog
w m bmoH$ Q>miV AgV. `mEodOr
\$imMo ag {dH$Umar XwH$mZo CKS>br Jobr. naVw \$im`m agmV Amamo`Xm`H$ H$m`
Amho? H$sQ>H$ZmeH$mMr e`Vm \$i~mJoVgwm Amho. qH$~hZm, O{dH$ gn$sH$aU
(bio-accumulation) `m {H$ò_wio AgmIir_ò H$sQ>H$ZmeH$mMo _mU dmT>V
OmVo. nm`mnojm dZnVt_ò (Am{U dZnVtnojm m`m`m XwYmV) H$sQ>H$ZmeHo$
dmT>VmV hUyZ S>rS>rQ>r gma`m "gdmV gwa{jV' agm`Zmda {Z~Y Ambo. \$im`m
agmV erVno`m`m EH$ Vo XrS>nQ> gmIa AgVo. \$imVZy AmVS>mZm gmaH$ VVy {_iVmV,
Vgo \$im`m agmVyZ {_iV ZmhrV. \$im`m agmVyZ ~ Am{U H$ OrdZgdo VgoM
jma Am{U ApQ>AmpgS>Q> {_iVmV naVw {ZamoJr bmoH$mZm gm_m` AmhmamVyZ Vr nwae
o r
{_iVmV. (XmoZ doim Zmo~b
o nwaH$ma {dOoVo bm`Zg nmqbJ `mZr CVmad`mV, gXunmgyZ
H$H$amoJn`V AZoH$ amoJmgmR>r H$ OrdZgdm`m "_oJm' S>mgo Xo`m`m IwimMm nwaH$ma
Ho$bm.) J^dVr Am{U BVa H$mhr AdWm_ò `m nXmWmMr JaO dmT>V Agbr Var
{Z{Ib Omoer
`mgmR>r \$imMo ag {n`mnojm Jmo`m {JiUo dV nS>Vo ApQ>AmpgS>Q>g {_imdr

hUyZ H$moUr bmb dmBZ nrV Zmhr. erVno`mMm gm_y (pH) 2.5 Vo 3.5 Ag`mbm
Hw${gr {_iVo naVw \$im`m agmMm gm_ygwm 3 Vo 4 AgmM AgVmo. erVno`mVrb
H$~{m{Ub dm`y CSy>Z Jo`mda `mMr AmbVmgwm \$im`m agmgmaIrM hmoBb.
g`m`m agmV \$m\o$Q>Mo _mU H$mobmEdT>Mo AgVo. a`m`m H$So>bm {_iUmao \$imMo
aghr erVno`mnj
o m A{YH$ _hmJ AgVmV. dN>VMo r H$miOr KoUmao bmoH$ `mhrnojm
_hmJ Imo`mVrb ag {nVmV. `m_ò A{V[a$ nmofU_yò Kmb`m`m ZmXmV \$m\o$Q>Mo
_mU nmMnQ> hmoVo.
hmo{_AmonWr
hmo{_AmonW r{df`r Pmbo`m gemoYZmV AmOda Var hmo{_AmonW r ImoQ>r nS>`mMr
g_J _m{hVr gwYmaH$`m Owb 1992 AH$mV Amho. 1) amoJm`m bjUmgmaIr bjUo
{ZamoJr `$s_ò {Z_mU H$aUm`m nXmWm`m godZmZo amoJ ~am hmoVmo Am{U 2)AmfY
{dab Ho$bo H$s `mMr e{$ dmT>Vo, Aer JhrVHo$ AgUmar hmo{_AmonWr AVm{H$H$
Amho. hmo{_AmonWr`m AmfYm_ò dm{N>V nXmWmMo EdT>o {dabrH$aU Ho$bo OmVo H$s
dm{N>V nXmWmMm EH$ aoUy godZ H$a`mgmR>r ndrdarb gd nm`mEdT>o AmfY {nUog
w m
H$_r nSo>b. AmfYm_ò dm{N>V nXmWmMm EH$hr aoUw ZgVmo ho hmo{_AmonWr`m
nwaH$`mZmgwm _m` AgVo. dm{N>V nXmWmMo JwUY_ {dabrH$aUm`m Img nVt_wio
mdH$m`m _Vr_ò OmVmV Agm `mMm Xmdm AgVmo. EH$ {ZamYma JhrVH$
PmH$`mgmR>r Xwgao {ZamYma {dYmZ H$a`mMm gdM AYlmMm `Z AgVmo. {H$Vrhr
{R>Jio bmdbr Var hmo{_AmonW rMr JhrVHo$ AmO kmV {dkmZm_ò g_m{d> hmoD$ eH$V
ZmhrV. hmo{_AmonW r g` Ag`mMr gm{VH$ e`Vm ZmH$maUo Adkm{ZH$ Amho, naVw
hmo{_AmonW r g` Ag`mMm Xmdm H$aUm`mZm gnUy agm`Zem Z`mZo {bhmdo bmJob.
hmo{_AmonWr`m g_WZmW bgrH$aUmMo (vaccination) CXmhaU {Xbo OmVo.
bgrH$aUm`m H$mhr H$mam_ò, IrH$aU Ho$bobo {OdV OVy qH$dm `mMr {dfo
{Z~b H$$Z (toxoid) earamV gmoS>`mV òVmV. amoJmMm gm` hm Pm`m_wio
earam`m {VH$maÙobm `m amoJm{d agm`Zo emoY`mgmR>r doi {_iVmo. I`m
amoJmMm mXw^md hmoVmM {VH$maÙo`m noet`m _aUe$s_wio `m amoJm{d H$m`
VmVS>rZo gw$ hmoVo. dada nhmVm gm` amoJ {Z_mU H$$Z Iam amoJ Q>miUo AgmM hm
H$ma {XgVmo. naVw nmT>`m a$noetMr _aUe$r dkm{ZH$ gemoYZm_ò {g Pmbobr
Amho. {ZOud mdH$m`m _aUe$s{df`r Agm nwamdm Zmhr.
nwUo òWrb gmogm`Q>r \$ma Ehg_|Q> AS> [agM BZ bm{gH$b hmo{_AmonW r
(gM) `m gWoZo VwV AYlm{deofmH$m`m gnmXH$mMm hmo{_AmonWr{damoYr _Vo
_mS>`mMm h$ "ej{UH$ nmVm Zg`m_wio' ZmH$mabm hmoVm. `m gWoZo dkm{ZH$
MmM`m Ho$`mMm Xmdmgwm Ho$bm hmoVm. naVw "_m{hVrMr, UmMr d {ZH$fmMr

XodmUKodmU' Ho$di "hmo{_AmonWr_Yrb `mo` {e{jV Am{U nmVm Agbo`m
`$serM' H$a`mg hr gWm V`ma Amho. hUOoM hmo{_AmonWr`m Ymbm eaU Z
Jobo`mer MMm H$a`mg `mMr V`mar Zmhr. hmo{_AmonWrMo {gmV ImoQ>o R>a`mOmoJo
(\$mpg\$mE~b) AgyZhr `mMr dkm{ZH$ VnmgUr H$a`mg hmo{_AmonWrMo nwaH$V}
V`ma ZgVmV.
{g
{g `m Vm{_i CnMmanVr{df`r gaH$mar gH$o VWimda Ago {b{hbo Amho
H$s XodmZo _mZddemMr gwdmV ^maVmV Ho$br [21]! AHo${_Q>mM o EH$ ò` Agbobm
narg gwm `mZm _m{hVr hmoVm: In Siddha system chemistry had been found
well developed into a science auxillary to medicine and alchemy. It
was found useful in the preparation of medicine as well as in transmutation of basic metals into gold"(sic). naVw VmVS>rMo CnMma H$aUo O_V Zg`mMr
H$~wbrgwm VoWo Amho.
`wZmZr {V~
nmdm` Am{U nmm` mMrZ kmZmMo (Am{U Iw`m g_OwVtMo) _``wJmV
Aa~mZr OVZ Ho$bo. BZ PH$m[a`m amPr, BZ {gZm, BZ Ab Z\$sg, A~w Ab
H$m{g_ B`mXtZr JrH$ MVwXm}f {gmVmda AmYm[aV dH$mV dV:Mr â KmVbr.
mMrZ ^maVr` dH$mMrgwm `mZm _m{hVr hmoVr. `mbm `wZmZr {V~ dH$ hUVmV.
Am`wd}Xm`m Xdr kmZm`m Xm`m`m VwbZoV Bbm_r amOdQ>rVrb dH$ H$mbgmnoj
dkm{ZH$ hUmdo bmJVo. naVw {hnmoH${Q>g Am{U JboZ `mMo ~hVoH$ {gmV AmO
dkm{ZH$ dH$mZo `mJbo AmhoV. J_V Aer H$s gnJY m `m dZnVr_ò dkm{ZH$mZm
[ag{nZ ho AmfY gmnS>`mZVa `mMo lo` Ko`mgmR>r Am`wd{} XH$ Am{U `wZmZr `m Xmohr
nVr nwT>o Am`m. `m Xmohr nVt`m Cm`mZr `moJ H$aUo d MwH$m `mJUo (Q>m`b
AS> Eaa) nVrZo AmfYr JwU Agbo`m AZoH$ nXmWmMr Zm|X H$$Z R>do br Agbr
Var `m nXmWmMm n[aUm_ dkm{ZH$ nVrZo hmoV Ag`m_wio `m CnMmanVr H$moU`mhr
H$mao dkm{ZH$ dH$mnojm C ZmhrV. `mMo {gmV {ZamYma Ag`m_wio gm{VH$
gemoYZgwm `m`m_ò e` Zmhr. `m`m AmfYm`m dkm{ZH$ MmM`m hmoVM
AgVmV. `m CnMmanVtMo Oo Xmdo MmM`m_ò {g hmoVmV Vo dkm{ZH$ dH$mMm
^mJ ~ZVmVM.
A`wnMa Am{U {MZr dH$
J^m_ò V`ma Pmbobo H$mhr Ad`d Amnbr OmJm ~XbVmV, CXm, nr`y{fH$m
{Z{Ib Omoer
JWrMm AYm ^mJ Kem_ò V`ma hmoD$Z ZVa _|XyV OmVmo, _yqnSo> da gaH$VmV, Va
X` Am{U dfUo Imbr gaH$VmV. gm_m`V:, EImm Ad`dm`m Zgm Am{U `m
Ad`dmdarb dMo`m Zgm gm_m{`H$ AgVmV. hUyZM, OmJm ~Xbbo`m Ad`dm`m
doXZm _yi OmJr`m dModa hmoVmV. dMobm ne Ho$`mg AVJV Ad`dm`m doXZm
H$_r hmoVmV hogwm EH$ g` Amho. naVw A`wnMa emm`m g_WZmW WmZ
~Xbbo`m doXZmMm ([a\$S> doXZmMm) gX^ XoUo hUOo gwVmd$Z dJ JmR>Uo Amho.
A`wnMaemm_ò Z_yX doXZmq~Xy Am{U Ad`dm`m OmoS>m J^{dH$mgemmbm
Y$Z ZmhrV.
A`wn MaemmZwgma, earamV gw`m Q>mMo Zy Mr (qi) D$O}Mo {Z`_Z H$$Z gd
H$maMo amoJ ~ao H$aVm òVmV. CnMmam_mJMm {gmV MyH$ Agbm Var CnMmam`m
n[aUm_mMo emr` H$maU gmnS>`mg Vmo CnMma dmnamdm, `m {dMmamZo A`wn Mabm
WmoS>m dkm{ZH$ nmqR>~m Amho. naVw Um`m ZH$iV ho CnMma H$aUo e` Zg`m_wio
`mMm emr` A`mg H$$Z Cn`w$Vm R>a{dUoM H$R>rU Amho. {MZr nman[aH$ dH$mMm
_hdmMm ^mJ hU{dUm`m A`wn MaemmMm _w` â [a\$S> q~Xyd a Amho. Aem
q~XyMm {gmV MrZ AmYr JrH$ Am{U Aa~mZrgwm _mS>bm hmoVm. ho em \$mago
nman[aH$gwm Zmhr. {Vnyd H$mimV `mMm CoI AmT>iV Zmhr. q~XyMr OmJm Am{U
Mr CO}`m dmhmMo aoIme `m{df`r {d{dY mMrZ {bImUm_ò EH$_V Zmhr.
AmO A`wn MagmR>r dmna`m OmUm`m H$ma`m gw`m ~Z{dUo 400 dfmndy u e`
ZhVo. {MZr nman[aH$ dH$mMm _moR>m ^mJ Jo`m eVH$mV {MZr Ap_VogmR>r ~Z{dbm
Jobm$$[22, 23].
^maVr` H$m`mZwgma, A`wn MaemmMr _mUno {_idyZ CnMma H$a`mMr
AZw_{V Ho$di dH$s` `mdgm{`H$mZmM Amho. Varhr B{Xam JmYr {dmnrR>mZo gm_m`
OZVogmR>r A`wnMaMm nX{dH$m A`mgH$_ gw$ Ho$bobm Amho [24].
aoH$s
aoH$s `m OnmZr CnMmanVrMo d{e> hUOo ^maVmV `m CnMmanVrbm
_m`Vm Zmhr. 1922 gmbr gw$ Pmbo`m aoH$sbm nanamgwm Zmhr. A`wn Ma_mUoM,
nanam Ag`mMm {ZamYma Xmdm _m Amho). ^maVmV BV`m CnMmanVr AgVmZm
AOyZ EH$ nV drH$ma`mMr bmoH$mZm JaO ZhVr. Varhr eham_ò aoH$s CnMmam`m
Om{hamVr {XgVmV. earamVrb CO}Mo gVwbZ H$$Z nemmao gd amoJ ~am H$a`mMm
aoH$s nVrMm Xmdm AgVmo. m`mZm aoH$s Xo`mgmR>r doJio Vkgwm AgVmV. H$a_UyH$
jomVrb AZoH$ Vmao `m IwimMogwm ~ir Ag`m_wio dV_mZnmVrb JwiJwirV
nwad`m_ò aoH$sVkm`m _wbmIVdOm Om{hamVrgwm {g hmoVmV.
dH$pnH$ CnMmanVt`m nmRr>am`m`m {ZarjUmVyZ Ago {XgVo H$s `m
CnMmanVtMo nmRr>amIo EH$_oH$mda Q>rH$m H$arV ZmhrV. dmV{dH$ nmhVm Am`wd}X

Am{U hmo{_AmonWr_ò g_mZ Vd Zmhr. Varhr dH$pnH$ CnMmanVr EH$_oH$m`m
Hw$aUmMm AmXa amIVmZm {XgVmV. Um_òg
w m EH$mM CnMmanVrda {Z>m Ag`mMo
${MVM {XgVo. {~b _mha `m {dZmoXH$mam`m eXmV gmJm`Mo Pmbo Va "You can't
crap all over Darwin, and stem cell research and global warming, and
then come crawling back to science when you want Tamiflu; that's for
us sinners." {dkmZm_ò CH$mV hmo`mMr gmo` Ag`m_wio dkm{ZH$ {dMmagaUrMr
"~mn XmId ZmhrVa lm H$a', "Am_`mer \$maH$V KoUo MyH$'hr ^y{_H$m `mo` Amho.
H$Xm{MV AmO`m A{Z{V OrdZebrV Agm {dmg R>do `mMr bmoH$mZm gd` Zmhr.
XrS>eo dfmnydu Agm` Agbobo AZoH$ amoJ dkm{ZH$ dH$m_wio ~ao hmoVmV, AZoH$
J^ra amoJmMr VrdVm gwg Pmbr Amho, bmoH$mMo Am`w`_mZ XwnQ> Pmbo Amho, {edm`
OJ`mMr YS>nS> ^m{VH$ JVr_wio gmonr hmoD$Z N>X Am{U Iwio Omonmg`mgmR>r \$mdbm
doi, ngm {_iVmo Amho. hUyZM A{ddoH$s dmJUyH$ H$aUo bmoH$mZm nadS>Vo Amho.
{dkmZmMo \$m`Xo bm^bo Agbo Var g_mOmZo dkm{ZH$ {>H$moZ drH$mabobm Zmhr.
Aem n[apWVrV AYlm-{Z_ybZ gVV Amd`H$ Amho.
gX^:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
and
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
http://socrel.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/70/2/101
http://www.anatheist.net/2009/07/religion-us-professors
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salem_hypothesis
http://www.faktoider.nu/openmind_eng.html
http://www.indianexpress.com/oldStory/64945/
http://lefarkins.blogspot.com/2008/12/medical-superstition-has-consequences.html
http://nirmukta.com/2009/08/13/swine-flu-nilgiri-oil-and-the-faux-sms
http://www.docgurley.com/2007/09/13/superstitious-doctors-part-i
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0FSL/is_5_81/ai_n13793208
http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/1348/whats-the-link-between-the-moon-andmenstruation
http://www.mahasbtc.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=34&Itemid=244
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0074-02762001000300004&script=sci_arttext
http://memorias.ioc.fiocruz.br/963/4151dis.html
http://www.island.lk/2009/07/02/features2.html
http://archpedi.highwire.org/cgi/content/summary/88/3/294
http://www.springerlink.com/content/p85q1w054612w776
http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2009/06/01/090601fa_fact_gawande
http://www.whywontgodhealamputees.com
http://kem.edu/dept/ayurvedic/services_offered.htm
Patrika Nov 2002, Auth: V B Athawale, Pub: Marathi Vidnyan Parishad
http://indianmedicine.nic.in/naturopathy.asp
http://indianmedicine.nic.in/siddha.asp
http://www.drspinello.com/altmed/acuvet/acuvet_files/frame.htm
http://www.skeptic.com/eskeptic/08-10-08#feature
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ludhiana/IGNOU-offering-course-in-unrecognizedfield/articleshow/5453722.cms 16-01-2010
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doJio Pm`mda S>m. Xm^moiH$amZr Amn`m H$mhr ghH$m`m~amo~a 1989 _ò
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1995 _ò "M_H$ma gèmoYZ `mm' H$mT>`mV Ambr. `moXa`mZ
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^m nwamo{hV
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nmofmI, ddm{hH$ OrdZ, {ejU, `mnma B`m{X Eo{hH$ OrdZm`m òH$ AJmonmJmda
naIS>, gwYmaH$s {bImUmMm ^{S>_ma Ho$bm. `mbm Hw$pgVnUmMm ne ZhVm.
A{YH$ YmaXma {bImUmbm Vo _YyZM {dZmoXmMr Pmba bmdrV. ~w{dmXmMm nwaH$ma
H$aVmZm ~wr`m _`mXMo o `mZm ^mZ Ago. "Amhr `m {dmV Amhmo `m`m nydu
Xwgar {do hmoD$Z Jobr AgVrb qH$dm ZgVrb `m{df`r dmX H$arV ~g`mV
AW Zmhr, H$maU `m {dmMm B{Vhmg g_O`mMr gmYZo Amhmg AZwHy$b
ZmhrV. Vohm Am_Mm Omo dmX{ddmX hmd`mMm Vmo gmV {dm{df`r, d {deofV
VXVJV Amn`m ^yJmobm{df`r Am{U `mdarb m`mV A{Vlo> mUr Oo AmnU
`m{df`r hmd`mMm d hmdm ho `mo` Amho'. Agm BhdmXr {dMma `mZr _mS>bm.
Eo{hH$ OrdZmMr _mUgmbm bmO dmQ>Uo hr EH$ {dH$V _Zmod mr Amho, {ZdmrdmXm_wio
AmnU OrdZmVrb AmZX H$_r H$arV AmhmoV Ago `mMo n> _V hmoVo.
{`mamYZmnmgyZ nmofmIm`m ~marH$ Vn{ebmn`V AmJaH$amZr {Z~Y {b{hbo. gU
d Ioi `mMo _hd gm{JVbo. OrdZmVrb òH$ jomV dmV` {Z_mU hmoD$Z
`{$OrdZ gn hmoVo Ago Vo AmJhmZo gmJV. O_m{Y{>V Om{V`dWm d
Y_gWm m_wio `{${dH$mg IwQ>bm Amho Aer gS>oVmoS> _mS>Ur `mZr Ho$br.
qhXyY_mVrb IwiMQ> AmMma d $T>r VgoM {`mdarb A`m` mda `mZr
Ho$bo`m {VIQ> Q>rHo$Zo nw`mVrb gZmVZr Idibo Am{U `mZr AmJaH$am`m
{V_oMr {OdVnUr oV`mm H$mT>br. dmhn{VV, nwfmW {da{hV OrdZm~b
{b{hVmZm `m`m boIUrbm Yma MT>o. "{dmOZmZo {dH${gV Pmbobr _Zo dV
YXo Wmn`mH$S>o bmdmb, Va Vwhmg AmMr AWdm _mZmMr H$m` dmU nS>Uma
Amho?' "_w~ B, _mg qH$dm H$bH$mm `m`mgma`m XhmnmM Q>dQ>drV ehamd$Z,
qH$dm bmI, XmoZ bmImV Omo EImX Xwgam gwIdVw Bg_ >rg nS>Vmo `md$Z
MhH$S>o VerM A~mXmZr Agob Ago AZw_mZ H$aUo hm ew ^_ hmo`' ho `mMo
{dMma AmOhr S>mo`mV AOZ KmbUmao AmhoV.
1882 gmbr gwYmaH$ _Yrb "rXm`{d_moMZ' m AJboImV AmJaH$a

hUVmV, "H$mbmVamZo \$mOrb gV`wnmr hmoD$ Z XoVm r-nwfmMm g`moJ hmoD$
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. {`m`m AmamoàjUmbm Amd`H$ hUyZ Or H$m` XmoZ
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è ò`mMr {Mho {Xgy bmJbr AmhoV. Ago Pmbo Va AmVm_mUo S>PZ qH$dm XrS>
S>PZ Anm`wfr _Zw`mUr OJmV AmU`mnojm AmB~mnm`m OmJr IwQ>mg IwQ> C^m
H$a`mnwaVr XmoZ gwT> nmoao Pmbr Var ~g AmhoV.' `moJm`moJ Agm H$s `mM dfu
hUOo OmZo. 1882 _ò _w$S> òWo ~w{m_m`dmXm_ò AmJaH$amMm Iam dmag
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O_ KoVbm. Wmoa Vd{Z> Am{U Ia ~w{dmXr a.Ym|.H$d} ^maVmVrb gV{V{Z`_ZmMo
Am nwaH$V} Am{U H$m_emmMo UoVo Pmbo. `mMo m jomVrb H$m` `mMo dS>rb
^maVaZ _hfu Ym|S>mo Ho$ed H$d} m`m r-{ejU jomVrb H$m`m`m VmoS>rg VmoS>
R>abo. AmJaH$amZr Hw$Qw>~{Z`moOZmMm {dMma bmoH$g`m-{ZÙm_mUoM
rXm`{d_moMZm`m {>H$moUmVyZ Ho$bm. a.Ym|.H$`mZr nU `mM ^y{_Ho$VyZ gV{V{Z`_Z
Am{U g_ H$m_OrdZm`m H$m`mgmR>r dVg dmhZ KoVbo.
_w~ BV J{UVmMo ghm`H$ m`mnH$ hUyZ H$m_ H$aVmZm `mZr J{UV {df`mV
E_.E. H$a`mMo R>a{dbo. J{UVm`m A{YH$ A`mgmgmR>r \|$M ^mfm òUo Amd`H$
dmQ>`mZo `mZr Eb{\$Q>Z H$mbOo _òM \$| M {eH$m`bm gwdmV Ho$br, g^mfUmMm
gamd Ho$bm. `mM H$mimV b{JH$ {df`mdarb JW W_ `m`m dmMZmV Ambo. `m
{df`mda BJOrnojm \|$M ^mfoVrb gm{h` {dnwb hmoVo. `mVM 1917 gmbr Vo
H$ZmQ>H$mVrb YmadmS> H$mbOo _ò {eH$drV AgVmZm `mZm nwT>rb A``ZmgmR>r XrS>
dfmMr aOm {_imbr Am{U Vo \$mg_Yrb n[ag {d{dmb`mV XmIb Pmbo. "{Xbmo_m
X E`wX gw{n[aAa' gmR>r V`mar H$aV AgVmZmM VoWrb ~r.E.`m {dm`mZm J{UV
{df` {eH${d`mMr Img AZw_Vr `mZm {d{dmb`mZo {Xbr hmoVr. VoWo `mZr \$| M
^mfoMm Imobda A`mg Ho$bmM `m~amo~aM \$| M g_mOOrdZmMmhr OdiyZ A`mg
Ho$bm. H$m_em-H$bm{ZnwU dmamJZmMr n[ag ehamV H$_r ZhVr. VoWrb aJob
OrdZmMo dUZ nwT>o `mZr Amn`m "n[ag`m nar' m nwVH$mV Ho$bo Amho. "Vw`m
earamMr _mbH$sU VyM' m ZmdmZo `mZr phQ>a _mJmaQo > `m`m gV{V{Z`_Z{df`H$
H$mX~arMm AZwdmX Ho$bm. b{JH$ {df`mdarb nwVH$mMo `mMo XmS>Jo dmMZ hmoVo. Vo
^m nwamo{hV
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am{~gZ, S>m. Zm_Z hoAa hr Pmbr H$mhr Zmdo. \$mghZ naV`mZVa `mMm
A`mnZgodVo rb ò>VmH$_ S>mdb`mZo dm{^_mZr a.Ym|.Zr gaH$mar ZmoH$arMm amOrZm_m
{Xbm. `mZr gV{V{Z`_ZmMo H$m_ OmoamV gw$ Ho$bo. gmYZo {dH$Uo, gm XoUo Mmby
Ho$bo. rJmhH$mgmR>r `$sZw$n gmYZo ~ZdyZ gm Xo`mMo H$m_ `m`m nZr _mbVr~mB
VodT>mM CgmhmZo H$arV. mMdoir C^`Vm`m OrdZH$m`mMr {Xem R>$Z Jobr.
Am{WH$ {ddMZoMr V_m Z ~miJVm XmoKmZrhr AIoan`V m H$m`mbm dmhZ KoVbo d
`mgmR>r Agr_ `mJ Ho$bm.
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_r _moH$im amhrZ Ago `mZr `dWmnZmg ~Omdbo. `mM H$mimV `mZr "gV{V{Z`_Z'
Am{U "JwamoJmnmgyZ ~Mmd' m {df`mda BJO rVyZ nwVHo$ {b{hbr. gV{V{Z`_Zmda
_amR>rVyZhr {b{hbo. `m`m `m nwVH$mMr Om{hamV Xo`mg "Q>mBg Am\$ B{S>`m'gma`m
ZmdmObo`m dV_mZnmZonU ZH$ma {Xbm. md$Z H$moU`m n[apWVrV H$d} Amnbo
H$m_ A{dMb {Z>Zo o Mmby R>do rV hmoVo mMr Amn`mbm H$nZm òV.o Xa`mZ {dgZ
H$mbOo _ò nyUd i
o m`mnH$ hUyZ `mMr Zo_UyH$ Pmbr. `mMm gV{V{Z`_Zmdarb
EH$ boI "{H$bm}H$a I~a' m {H$bm}H$admS>r CmoJg_yhm`m _wInmV N>mnyZ
Ambm. AmY gWmZmVrb EH$m `y {XdmUmZo mg~YrMr VH$ma {dgZ H$mboO`m
{_eZar MmbH$mH$S>o Ho$br. H$mboO `dWmnZmZo `mZm ~mobmdyZ gV{V{Z`_ZmMm
gma ~X H$a`mg gm{JVbo. a.Ym|.H$`mZr Amn`m ZmoH$arMm amOrZm_m {Xbm. XmoZ
Am`mV nmoQ>â amBgboQ> {_iUm`m `m O_m`mV Xa_hm VrZeo nò nJma XoUm`m
ZmoH$arda nmUr gmoS>U,o Vohr gV{V{Z`_ZmMo H$m_ Mmby R>do `mgmR>r, hr EH$ Agm_m`
~m~ hmoVr. "J{UV {eH$dm`bm Vwhmbm nm{hOo VodT>r _mUgo {_iVrb nU gV{V{Z`_ZmMm
gma _r Ho$bm Zmhr Va Vmo ~X nS>`mMm g^d Amho', Ago ~mUoXma Cma `mZr {Xbo.
`dWmnZmZonU ghm _{h`mMm `mXm nJma XoD$Z "Amnbm dH$m`m~bMm h>
AmXaUr` dmQ>Vmo' Ago n XoD$Z `mZm ZmoH$arVyZ _moH$io Ho$bo. nwT>rb XmoZVrZ df}
M[aVmWmgmR>r `mZr AJXr Q>gr S>m`hanmgyZ ha VhoMo `dgm` H$$Z ~{KVbo
naVw gJirH$S>o `m`m MmaH$m`mbm hmoUmam {damoY AmS>dm Ambm.
\$mg~amo~a _mo`mMm `mnma H$aUm`m EH$m H$nZrV `mZm g{MdmMr ZmoH$ar
{_imbr Am{U WmoS>o Am{WH$ W` Ambo. H$nZrMm gMmbH$ \|$M Va `mMr ~m`H$mo
Bpbe `m_wio `m`m AmnmngmVrb nmMm AZwdmX H$a`mMo ImOJr H$m_hr Vo
H$arV. `mMo dVMo boIZ MmbyM hmoV.o "{dZ` hUOo H$m`?' hm Amnbm boI `mZr
"{H$bm}H$a I~a'H$S>o H$meZmgmR>r nmR>{dbm. m boImV {dZ` hUOo EH$ T>m|J
Amho. ZVoH$S>o VQ>W dmrZo nmhUm`mg bmO dmQ>`mMo H$maU Zmhr. Aer ^y{_H$m
`mZr _mS>br hmoVr. ho {dMma nMm`bm OS> dmQ>`mZo dm H$meZmZVa hmoUmao g^m`
dmXJ Q>mi`mgmR>r `mMm hm boI ZmH$ma`mV Ambm. "{H$bm}H$a I~a' ho `m H$mir
EH$ Zd_VdmXr, nwT>mabobo _wIn hmoVo. Amnbo dVMo H$meZ gw$ H$a`mIoarO
a.Ym|.H$`mZm J`VaM Cabo Zmhr. 1927 `m Owb _{h`mV "g_mOdm`' _m{gH$mMm
O_ Pmbm. hr EH$ Eo{Vhm{gH$ gW, gm_m{OH$ H$mVrMr gwdmV hmoVr. 1927 Vo
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_m{gH$ Mmb{dbo. hm EH$ {dH$_ hmoVm. g_mOdm`mMr Xa_hm 4000 VtMr
JwOamVr Amdmrgwm ZmamÙ {Z_H$a Zmdm`m JhWmZo gbJ XmoZ df} H$mT>br hmoVr.
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XIb, Zm|X d _moO_mn, m~m~V Zoh_rM {T>gmi Agbo`m H$VZ g_mOmZo Am{U
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"g_mOdm`'_YyZ a.Ym|.H$`mZr {dnwb boIZ Ho$bo. "A{cbVm hm
H$moU`mhr boImMm, {MmMm qH$dm BVa dVyMm JwU ZgyZ Vmo \$$ Vgm Amamon
H$aUm`m _ZmMm JwU Amho.' 1939 nmgyZ`m "g_mOdm`'`m òH$ AH$mMo
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AH$ H$mT>Uo hUOo dmhm{d nmohUo hmoVo. `m`m boIZmVyZ {df`mMm gImob
A`mg, dkm{ZH$ {>H$moU Am{U EH$ H$maMm Am_{dmg {XgyZ òVmo. `mnmar
>rZo g_mJ_ gmogUmar r Aer doòMr `m`m Vo H$aV. do`mg~ Y r {d{dY XoemV
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_J Vr Amnbr bmMr ~m`H$mo H$m AgoZm g_mJ_ H$am`bm bmdUo (^mJ nmS>Uo) ho
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Amho. AmV {eam`bm gmonm nU ~mhoa nS>Uo Ae`. nm{Vd` ho Zg{JH$ ZgyZ Vr
nwfmMr Aaoamdr Amho. n{V-nZr `mMm g~Y {Ohm`mMm, _rMm , o_mMm Agmdm.
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Vo `$sbm ZmH$maUo hUOo A`m` H$a`mgmaIo Amho. Xwg`m`m gwImgmR>r PQ>Uo
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amo_Z bmoH$m_ò m {>H$moUmMm A^md hmoVm Ago `m`m dmMZmV Ambo.)
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`m`m AmfYmonMmamdahr AVmoZmV IM Ho$bm. `m {ZYZ nmd`m `mdoiMr `m`m
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Xoe_wI, S>m. nioH$a, {_Zy _gmZr, nwfmom_ {{dH$_Xmg d BVa g{H$` g^mgXmMr
AmoiI Pmbr. "~hOZ g_mOmbm AYlo`m Am{U nwamo{hVemhr`m _Ja{_R>rVyZ
gmoS>{dUo Am{U emr` >rZo {dMma H$amd`mg {eH${dUo' ho gWoMo C{> hmoVo.
aKwZmWamdm`m {Z~YmMo erfH$ hmoVo "goQ>g AS> \$H$sg'. "gmYy-g`mgr \$H$sa
Am{U Y_m`m ZmdmImbr bw~mS>Um`m A` T>mJ| r _S>itMm `m XoemV ZwgVm gwigwimQ>
Pmbm AgyZ nmofmImV Am{U dmJ`mV {d{MnUm XmIdyZ H$moUmbmhr `m XoemV gmYy\$H$sa ~ZVm òVo. ^Q>Or hm Cnd XoUmam, Va gmYy hm ~mS>JwimgmaIm AgVmo.' Ago
Amnbo _V `mZr _mS>bo hmoVo. Agmo{gEeZ`m g^mgXmg_moa `mMo "AcrbVm d
H$m`Xm' `mda ^mfU Pmbo hmoV.o H$mhr H$mi `mZr "arPZ'Mo gnmXH$ hUyZ H$m_ Ho$bo.
`mMo dmMZ XmS>Jo d qMVZ gImob hmoVo. Hw$R>bmhr A{^{Zdoe Z ~miJVm VH$ew,
_moOHo$, gS>oVmoS> Ago `mMo ~mobUo Ago. `m_wio dMm[aH$ jomVrb AZoH$ Zm_dV
`m`m^modVr AmXamZo O_V. _w~ BVrb "am`b E{e`m{Q>H$ gmogm`Q>r'_ò Vo O_V. Vo
eodQ>n`V gmogm`Q>rMo g_mZZr` gX` hmoVo. {dMmadmV` d CmadmV` `mMm
nwaH$ma H$aUmar gm{hp`H$mMr OmJ{VH$ gWm PEN Mo Vo g^mgX hmoVo. "lr.
F$qfMr ^wVmQ>H$s' hm bMQ| >`m Iwimg~Y r boI `mZr {b{hbm. "Ammmn`V `m `m
bmoH$mZr `wamon d A_o[aHo$V ^wVmMo {Zamon _Zw`mg H$i{dbo Vo gd bwo hmoVo d Vo
bmoH$mg \$gdV hmoVo Ago H$moQ>mV {g Pmbo Amho' Ago gmJZy Vo bMQo >dmbo, A`m_
gmJUmao ~wdm, `mo{Vfr, _m{H$ m`mda VwQy>Z nS>V. lo_wio VmaV` H$go Zmhrgo
hmoVo, bmoH$ H$emdahr {dmg R>ody bmJVmV, `mVyZ Am^mg {Z_mU hmoVmV ho Vo
gmoXmhaU nQ>dyZ XoV AgV.
^m nwamo{hV
JmYrOtMr ~M`mMr H$nZm, gV{V{Z`_Zm`m AmYw{ZH$ {>H$moUmg Agbobm

`mMm {damoY, `mMo CnmofU, Xm$~XrMm AmJh mda a.Ym|.H$`mZr H$S>mSy>Z Q>rH$m
Ho$br. JmYrOtZr amOH$maUmV Or Ym{_H$ n[a^mfm dmnabr Vr `mZm ngV ZhVr.
"`m`m Ym{_H$ T>J m_wio {H$òH$ bmoH$mMr {dMmae$sM Zmhrer Pmbr. Vo dmV{dH$
H$moU`mhr {df`mV Vk ZgVmZm `mZm gdM {df`mV Vk g_O`mMr {H$òH$mZm
gd` bmJbr. CnmofUmMo AmVVm`r V amOH$maUmV {e$Z bmoH$ `mMm gamg Xwn`moJ
H$$ bmJbo.' Ago `mZr {b{hbo Amho. Vo nwT>o hUVmV. "`m XoemMo XwXd Amho H$s
{ddoH$m`m AmYmamda C^r Ho$bobr H$moUVrhr Midi òWo èdr hmoV Zmhr. Xm{^H$
XeZ, nm`r MmbUo, bJmoQ>r ZogUo, Ho$g dmT>dUo, Im`m{n`mMo H$mhr {dbjU {Z`_
nmiUo Aem `w`mZr òWo `{$d {Z_mU hmoV.o bo{ZZ, VmbrZ, qH$dm _mAmo-goVwJ `mZm Aem `w`m H$am`m bmJ`m ZmhrV. naVw `mZr Oo H$m_ Ho$bo, Vgo hOmamo
T>m| `m`m hmVyZ hmoUma Zmhr. Ago bmoH$ bmoH$mMr {Xem^ybM H$aVrb, `mZm {ddoH$^>
H$aVrb.'
"S>mQ>a' m Q>monUZmdmZo a.Ym|.H$`mZr "g_mOdm`'`m eodQ>`m Mma
AH$mVyZ "AZg{JH$ Zho {ZgJnyaH$' hr boI_mbm gmXa Ho$br. `mZVa 14
AmQ>m.o 1953 bm Vo _`y nmdbo. `m boI_mboVZy `mZr g__rbZ-g_qbJr g^moJ hm
AZg{JH$, Ag` d ~oH$m`Xoera Z _mZVm `mMo {Zn{dd, g_mOmonH$mad d
{ZgJnyaH$d bjmV KoD$Z `mg g_mOmZo _m`Vm mdr, {ZXmZ Xwbj H$amdo d
H$m`mZo `m~b {ejm XoD$ Zò Ago _V 1953 gmbr _mS>b.o `m~m~V AcrbVoMm
IQ>bm â`mMr V`mar _w~B gaH$maZo Vohm Ho$br hmoVr. `m`m _`y_wio IQ>`mMm
{dMma _mJo nS>bm. AmO ^maV gaH$maZo g_qbJt`m h$mg~Yr {~b nm[aV Ho$bo
Amho. mVM m _hmZ gm_m{OH$ H$m`H$`mMo >onU {XgyZ òVo.
m XoemMo H$aQ>onU Ago H$s dmV`momahr m jomV gVV 33 df} H$m_
H$aUm`m m Vn`m`m H$m`mMr XIb Va KoVbr Jobr ZmhrM naVw `m`m H$m_mV
AS>Wio AmUbo Jobo. Xoem`m Hw$Qw>~{Z`moOZm`m YmoaUmV `moJXmZ Xo`mMr gYrhr
`mZm ZmH$ma`mV Ambr. gmdO{ZH$ VgoM embo` nmVirdarb b{JH$ {ejUmMm Va
IoiIS>m~o m Pmbm. ES>gMm ^_mgwa OmJm Pm`mdahr m~m~V YrQ> nmD$bo CMb`mg
emgZ H$MaVo Amho.
gX^ Cno{jV `moJr - _YwgyXZ JmoIbo, ~oiJmd
Cno{jV >m - {XdmH$a ~mnQ>, R>mUo
a.Ym|.H$d} - `. {X. \$S>Ho$
A~mh_ H$modya
^m nwamo{hV
20 `m eVH$mVrb ^maVmVrb {ddoH$dmXr MidirMo {nVm_h hUyZ S>m.
A~mh_ H$modya mMm CoI H$amdm bmJob. A_moK d$d, dkm{ZH$ {dMmagaUr,
naIS> Q>rH$m Am{U M_H$mamMr m`{jHo$ m_wio `mMr ^mfUo JmOV. lmoVdJmMm
`mZm CgmhnyU {VgmX {_io. M_H$ma hr ~m~m~wdmMr Ho$di hmVMbmIr Amho ho
Vo XmIdrV Am{U VWmH${WV A`m_ Am{U gK{Q>V Y_mda VwQy>Z nS>V. 1960 Vo
1970 `m XeH$mV `mZr ^maVm`m JmdmJmdmVZy Am{U ehamehamVZy Aer eoH$S>mo
^mfUo {Xbr. ~m~m~wdmZm M_H$ma H$$Z XmI{d`mMo Iwbo AmmZ Vo XoV. `m H$mirhr
nww>nyVu`m g` gmB~m~mMo ~aoM W Ago. Amn`m ^mfUmV S>m. H$modya m_w`mZo
g` gmB~m~mZm b` H$arV. g`gmB~m~m_mUo hdoV hmV {\$adyZ Vo hmVmVyZ {d^yVr
H$mTy>Z Vr lmoVd Jmbm dmQ>V. WmoS>m gamdmZo AmnU nU Ago `moJ H$$ eH$mb Ago
Vo AmdOyZ gmJV. AmOnU AYlm-{Z_ybZmMo hOmamo H$m`H$V} `mMr M_H$ma
gmXarH$aUmMr ^mdr nV AZwgaVmZm AmT>iVmV. Xdr e$sMm Xmdm H$aUm`m AZoH$
~m~m~wdm, `mo{Vfr mZm `mZr g_moamg_moa {damoY Ho$bm. "m OJmV Hw$UmH$S>ho r Xdr
e$s Zmhr. Am{U H$Yrhr ZhVr. Aem Vho`m dmdS>m Ho$di Y_JWmV AWdm
gZgZmQ>r H$aUm`m dmnmVM AgVmV' Aem {ZH$fmV Vo Ambo. 1963 gmbr S>m.
H$modya mZr `mo` XoIaoIrImbr ~X {b\$m`mVrb ZmoQ>oMm Z~a AmoiIUo, nm`mda
MmbUo, hdoVyZ dVy H$mT>Uo B`mXr 23 M_H$mam`m `mXrVrb Hw$R>bmhr M_H$ma
H$aUm`mg 1 bmI .Mo ~jrg Omhra Ho$bo.
*(1959 _ò `mZr The Indian Committee for Scientific Investigation of claims of the Paranormal. (CSICOP) Mr WmnZm Ho$br. `m doir
{ddoH$dmXmgmR>r PQ>Umao `mMo EH$_od `{$_d hmoVo d ^maVmVrb AZoH$ {ddoH$dmXr
`m`m^modVr Jmoim Pmbo) lrbHo$V AgVmZm `mZr Ceylon Rationalist Association ââmQ>rg AmUbr. m gKQ>ZoMo Vo Vhh`mV A`j hmoVo. The Ceylon
Rational Ambassador ZmdmMo dm{fH$ Vo H$mT>V. 1961 _ò `wamonbm OmD$Z `mZr
World Union of Freethinkers er gnH$ gmYbm. dV`m OrdZmV nyUnUo
~w{dmXr Agbo`m m. S>m. A~mh_ H$modta mZr {ZdmrZVa AWH$nUo XmoZ XeHo$
AYlm-{Z_ybZmMr ^mdr OZMidi Ho$br. `mMr "Begone Godmen and
Gods' Am{U "Demons and Spirits' hr nwVHo$ AmOhr bmoH${` AmhoV. g`m
{ddoH$dmm_mUo Vo Amn`m _`wnmV {b{hVmV., ""_r _aU Am{U nmabm{H$H$
OrdZm~m~V ^rVr ~miJV Zmhr. EH$ MmJbm AmXe hUyZ _m`m oVmMo X\$Z Z
^m nwamo{hV
H$aVm Vo _o{S>H$b H$mboObm {dN>oXZmgmR>r mdo. _mPo S>moio ZonoT>rbm mdo Am{U
_m`m hmS>mM m gmJmS>m H$mbOo `m `moJemiog mdm' `m_mUo Thurston H$mbOo _Yrb
{dmWu AmOhr earaemm`m A`mgmgmR>r `m`m gmJmS>mMm Cn`moJ H$aVmV.
S>m. H$moday m`m nmV AYlm-{Z_yb
Zm`m MidirV dVbm PmoH$y Z XoUmao
Xwgao F${fVw` `{$_d hUOo ~gdm o_mZX ho hmo`. Ho$ai_ò {WAmgm{\$Q>
_mVm{n`m`m nmoQ>r 1930 gmbr Vo O_bo. bhmZ d`mV emim gmoS>yZ Vo dmV`MidirV
gm_rb Pmbo. AmO Jobo 30-40 df} Vo gdd nUmbm bmdyZ {ddoH$dmXr MidirV
gH$s` AmhoV. S>m. H$modyamMm g`gmB~m~m{damoYr bT>m `mZr Mmby R>odbm. 1975
nmgyZ AmOVmJm`V Vo g`gmB~m~m`m gm_m`mer Q>$a XoV AmhoV. 1986 _ò
Amn`m nmMeo H$m`H$`mZm KoD$Z nw>nVy u òWrb gmB~m~m`m Aml_mda `mZr _moMm
H$mT>bm hmoVm. `mV `mZm AQ>H$ Pmbr. gmB~m~m hdoVyZ gmo`mMr AJR>r {Z_mU
Ho$`mMm Xmdm H$arV. Vohm `m`mda JmoS> H$Q>mob AQ>Imbr IQ>bm â`mMr
^mQ> H$nZm ~r. o_mZX `mMrM Amho. naVw `m` Am{U emgZmMo hmV ~m~m~wdm`m
AZ{VH$ Ymn`V nmoMVmZm {XgV ZmhrV. mCbQ> ~m~m~wdm`m gWm Am{U gK{Q>V
Y_gWm _m {ddoH$dmXr MidirVrb Zo`mda {d{dY `m`mb`mV doJdoJio
A~Zw Hw $gmZrMo IQ>bo XmIb H$$Z `mZm gimo H$s nimo H$$Z gmoS>VmV. AmOVmJm`V
Vo EH$hr IQ>bm qOH$bo Zgbo Var `mMo Cnd_y` ~aoM Amho.
~r. o_mZX mZr Federation of Indian Rationalist Associations
(FIRA) Mr WmnZm Ho$br. XoeâmVrb drghZ A{YH$ {ddoH$dmXr gKQ>Zm FIRA
`m gX` AmhoV. 2005 bm nw`mOdi dmKmobr òWo `mMo g_obZ âbo hmoVo.
_hmam> AYlm-{Z_yb
Z g{_VrH$S>o Ò_mZnX hmoV.o m g_b
o Zmbm Zm_dV emk,
{dMmadV, _m`_mMo {V{ZYr VgoM XoeâmVyZ Ambo`m AZoH$ {V{ZYtZr hOoar
bmdbr. {ddoH$dmXr Midir I`m AWmZo bmoH$-Midir H$em hmoVrb mda
{dMma_WZ Pmbo. H$Vr Adm`mbm Z Ow_mZVm ~r. o_mZX g_obZmbm CnpWV
hmoV.o
~r. o_mZX ~m~m~wdm`m M_H$mam_mJrb {dkmZ EImm gamBV OmXwJmam_mUo
`moJ H$$Z n> H$aVmV. naXoemV `mMo Q>r.hr.da gmamda H$m`H$_ Pmbo AmhoV.
~r.~r.gr.Zo H$mT>bo `m Guru Busters m S>m `w_Q| >ar_ò Vo nmabm{H$H$ gm_`mMm
Xmdm H$aUmao hdoV VaJUo, {OôVZy , nmR>rVyZ {eyi, AmH$S>o IwngUo AemgmaIo `moJ
H$aVmZm {XgVmV. `mMr 26 EH$ nwVHo$ H$m{eV Pmbr AmhoV. `mVrb Science
Versus Miracles B`mXr nwVHo$ d `mMo Indian Skeptic ZmdmMo _m{gH$
Xoe{dXoemV {g Amho. 1976 _ò Oohm S>m. H$moday mZm d`nado H$m_ PonZo mgo Pmbo
Vohm Indian CSICOP Mr Ywam ~r. o_mZXmZr Amn`m Immda KoVbr. S>m. H$moday m`m
nmV `mMo M_H$ma {g H$a`mMo 1 bmI n`mMo AmmZ `mZr Mmby R>do bo. Ho$
gaH$ma`m NCSTC Zo (National Council for Science & Technology Communication) `mZm X{jUmdmr {Xbr hmoVr. `m AVJV `mZr Cma ^maVmVrb
{ZdS>H$ {ejH$ d {dm`mZm {ejU {Xbo. `mMr _hmam>mVrb 1982 _Yrb "{dkmZ
`mm' Am{U 1987 _Yrb "^maV OZ{dkmZ OWm' MmJbmM JmObm.
_hmam>mVrb "{dkmZ `moMr' nm^y_r _Ooera Amho. 1982 `m gw_mamg
lrbH$o hZ Ho$aimV Ambobm EH$ {g_ ~m~m Ho$di ZmaimMo nmUr {nD$Z OJV Ag`mMm
Xmdm H$ar. BamMo ApVd Am{U `mMr Xdr e$s {g H$a`mgmR>r Vmo Amn`m
S>mo`mZo 101 Zmai \$moS>rV Ago. g`gmB~m~mMo g_WH$ Agbo`m _mV^y_r
gmm{hH$mZo mg~Y rMo AmmZ Omhra Ho$bo. ~r. o_mZX MmJboM {S>dMbo Job.o `mZm
AmR>dS>mâmV Amn`m S>PZ H$m`H$`mZm S>mo`mda Zmai \$moS>`mMo {ejU {Xbo.
(\$moS>md`mMo Zmai nwago o H$modio Ag`mV gd MbmIr hmoVr.) mMo m`{jH$ Am{U
A` M_H$ma H$arV H$m`H$`mZr AmIm Ho$ai qnOyZ H$mT>bm. Xoe{dXoemV mMm
~mob~mbm hmoD$Z {R>H${R>H$mUmhZ `mZm H$m`H$ _mgmR>r Am_Uo òD$ bmJbr. `mVrb
EH$ hmoVo nw`mMo. o_mZXmZm dmQ>bo nw`mMm Hw$Ur gZmVZr Amnbr ImoS> {Oa{d`mgmR>r
Amn`mbm Om`mV AmoT>rV Amho. nU Vo Am_U {ZKmbo "bmoamo\$m_' H$ma S>m. AU
{b_ò mM.o o_mZXmMo g`moJ ^mfU EoH$y Z Vo BVHo$ AdW Pmbo H$s AZoH$ gm_m{OH$
gWm`m Am{U Wm{ZH$ {ejUgWm`m _XVrZo nwT>rb VrZ _{h`mgmR>r gnyU
_hmam>â `mZr {dkmZ `moMo Am`moOZ Ho$bo. ZmQ>nyU gmXarH$aU, AVrp` e$s
XmIdm Am{U 1 bmI . qOH$m hr KmofUm, nmR>rV hH$ IwngyZ JmS>r AmoT>U,o AmJrVyZ
MmbUo B`mXr M_H$ma hOmam|Mr JXu IoMyZ AmUV. {dkmZ`moXa`mZM H$gaJV
S>m. AU {b_ò `mMo {ZYZ Pmbo. o_mZXmZr Xmam MmbyM R>do bm. m PPmdmVr Xm`mMm
n[aUm_ hiy hiy {daV Jobm. bmoH${dkmZ n[afX d A` g_mOdmXr Wm{ZH$ ZoV dmZo
m `moZVa AYlm-{Z_ybZmMo b` nwT>o Mmby R>odbo Zmhr.
mZVa VrZ Mma dfmZVa 1986 _ò `m_ _mZd d S>m. Zao Xm^mobH$a
mZr {dX^m_ò nmM-ghm OUm`m Q>Q>`m $nmV A{Ib ^maVr` AYlm {Z_yb
Z
g{_Vr WmnZ Ho$br.
^m nwamo{hV
Pmon`m`m ImobrV dZnVr R>od`mg AZoH$ bmoH$

Km~aVmV. Aem PmS>mn mgyZ nmird m`mnj
o m A{YH$ YmoH$m
H$m hmoBb? VUYmò Am{U AZZgmgma`m H$mhr dZnVr
amr H$~{m{Ub dm`yMo emofU H$aVmV.
OmoVramd \w$bo `mMo AYlm-{Z_ybZ H$m`

^m. b. ^moio
OmoVramd \w$bo `mZr {d_mZdm`m _w$sgmR>r WmnZ Ho$bo`m gèmoYH$
g_mOm`m XmoZ {Z>mdV AJUt`m Am`w`mVrb XmoZ gJ ma^rM Z_yX Ho$`mg
AYlm-{Z_yb
Zm`m H$m`mV `m MidirZo gnmXZ Ho$bo`m èmMm `` òD$ eHo$b.
n{hbm gJ Zm. ^mH$aamd OmYdm`m Am`w`mVbm Amho. doXmo$ H$aUr XwImdbo`m
emh _hmamOmZr Oohm jm OJw$Mr {VR>mnZm Ho$br Vohm ^mH$aamdmZr `m H$nZog
{damoY Ho$bm hmoVm. EdT>oM Zho Va _hmamOmgh gd lo>tZr jmOJ$Zm A{^dmXZ
Ho$bo Vohm, AmnU gèmoYH$ Ag`m_wio H$moU`mhr Y_nrR>mnwT>o ZV_VH$ hmoUo
Amn`m {dMmamV ~gV Zmhr ho `mZr n> gm{JVbo hmoV.o gèmoYH$s {dMma Ho$di
~mUr OJ$ ZmM ZH$ma XoV ZgyZ gnUy nwamo{hVemhr Am{U O_{Z> {df_Voda AmYm[aV
dU`dWm `mZmM ZmH$maVmo. H$maU dU`dWo`m _wimer CdUr`mMo AhJS > Am{U
{ZZdUu`mMo `yZJS> OmonmgUmar AYlm Amho. ~mU dMdmMr OmJm j{` dMdmZo
KoVbr, qH$dm ~mU-j{` g_Vw` Pmbo Var VodT>mZo hr AYlm Xya hmoUma Zmhr,
Va dU`dWoMo CmQ>Z Pmbo VaM {VMo {ZamH$aU hmoD$Z g_Vm{Y{>>V g_mO C^m
amh eHo$b Aer gS>oVmoS> ^y{_H$m Zm. OmYdmMr hmoVr.
Xwgam gJ gèmoYH$s {dMmamMo IXo d ^mdr gmaH$ lr. ~m~yamd `mXd
`m`m{df`rMm AgyZ lr. _mYdamd ~mJbmZr Vmo Amn`m EH$m nwVH$mV Z_yX Ho$bm
Amho. emh _hmamOmZr EH$Xm ~m~yamdmZm H$mhr H$m_mZo ~mobm{dbo AgVm `mZm ò`mg
~amM Cera Pmbm. _hmamOmZr {db~mMo H$maU {dMmabo. ~m~yamd _hmamOmZm KoD$Z
Jbar`m Q>moH$mer Ambo Am{U {VWyZ `mZr Imbr gmoS>bo`m Amn`m ~bJmS>rH$S>o
AJ{w b{ZX}e Ho$bm. _hmamOmZm H$mhrM H$ioZm. `mZr nm{hbo ~m~yamdm`m JmS>rV eoH$S>mo
bhmZ_moR>m doJdoJ`m AmH$mam`m bmb XJS>mM m T>rJ hmoVm. C{eam ò`mMm `m XJS>me r
H$m` g~Y ? Agm _hmamOm`m _wdo a C_Q>bm. ~m~yamdmZr Iwbmgm Ho$bm. ""_hmamO,
Am_`m eoVH$`m`m ~mYmda ~gyZ eoVH$`m`m _|XyMo \$ma H$$Z Q>mH$Umao ho
e|Xya_mIbo XJS> _r òVmZm Jmoim H$arV ~gbmo. `m_wio Xa~mamV hOa hmo`mg
{db~$$Pmbm!''
gèmoYH$ g_mOmZo danmgyZ Imbn`V Aer AYlm{damoYr _mZ{gH$Vm
{Z_mU Ho$br hmoVr `mMr gmj Vo XmoZ gJ XoVmV.
Zdg_mO{Z{_VrgmR>r AYlm-{Z_ybZ
dmV`, g_Vm, ~YwVm, _mZdr {V>m, gm_m{OH$ d Am{WH$ `m`, Am{U
emofUa{hVVm `m _y`mda AmYm[aV Zdr g_mO`dWm Oa {Z_mU H$am`Mr Va Ow`m,
{df_ d emofUYmZ g_mO`dWobm {V`m nm`m^yV _y`mgh CISy>Z Q>mH$boM nm{hOo
Aer OmoVramdmMr R>m_ YmaUm hmoVr. nm`m VgmM R>odyZ da`m S>mobm`mV WmVwa_mVwa
Xw`m H$$Z Zdg_mO{Z{_Vr hmoUo e` Amho `m gwYmaH$m`m _Vmer Vo _wirM
gh_V ZhVo.
gm_m{OH$ CZrMVm Bar gHo$VmZwgma qH$dm nydO_r`m g{MVm~ahHy$_
AgVo, `m_wio {VMo {ZamH$aU H$a`mMm H$moUVmhr `Z _hnmn R>aVmo hm {dMma
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Zmhr. \$$ qhXwWmZmVM Amho ~mnm!' Om{VôX {Z_ybZmgmR>r Ago ^mdr ~moYZ
`mZr IoS>mnmS>m_YyZ {Xbo.
JmS>J~o m~m IoS>wVm`m _ZmVrb AYloMm _i Ogm IaS>rV hmoVo VgoM ^modVrMm
H$Mamhr gm\$ H$arV hmoVo. gmdO{ZH$ Amamo`mMo _hd bjmV KoD$Z Vo `m {R>H$mUr
Jobo `m {R>H$mUr `mZr aVo PmS>bo, Zm`m gm\$ Ho$`m. IoS>mVbo AZoH$ AmOma,
`mYr m AdN> amhUr Am{U Hw$nmofU `mVZy {Z_mU hmoVmV ho JmS>~o m~mZr AmoiIbo
hmoV.o hUyZ `mZr dN>Vdo a â {Xbm. `m "IamQ>mY_mZ'o `mZr "gmdO{ZH$ Amamo`'
Am{U "l_{VR>m' Aem XmoZ gm`mMr mr Ho$br. _hm_m JmYtZr "Ma`mVyZ dam`'
{Xbo Vgo JmS>Jo~m~mZr "IamQ>mVyZ gwam`' gm{JVbo.
IoS>mVbr _mUgo AdN> amhUr_wio AZoH$ gmWr`m amoJmZm ~ir nS>VmV.
Am{U AmOmar Pmbr H$s _m{H$, XodF$fr `mMm Aml` KoVmV ho JmS>Jo~m~mZr hoabo
hmoVo. "AmOmanUmV S>mQ>aH$S>o Om. AJmao-Ywnmao, ZdgVmnmg H$$ ZH$m' Agm
H$iH$irMm gm IoSw>VmZm m`bm Vo H$Yr {dgabo ZmhrV. "AJmV òUo' `m T>m|JmMm
Va `mZr AZoH$doim Amn`m H$sVZmV Z$b H$arV-H$arV {ZfoY Ho$bm.
OJmV OmVr XmoZM

An`Vm Ho$di H$m`mZo OmUmar ZgyZ _Vn[adVZmZo OmBb, ho AmoiIyZ
An`Vog~ Y r Amnbo n> {dMma `mZr H$sVZmmam IoS>mnmS>mVZy Am{U ehamVZy hr
OZVonwT>o _mS>bo. Vo hUm`Mo "OJmV OmVr \$$ XmoZM AmhoV. EH$ nwf d Xwgar r.
{Vgar OmVM Zmhr. Omo H$moUr OmV {dMmarV Agob Vmo _hm_yI hmo`. H$moUr OmV
{dMmarb Va `mbm _r "_mUyg' Amho Ago gmJm. OZmdamV Ogo JmT>d, ~b, hg,
BhdmXr {>H$moU
JmS>J~o m~m`m M[amVbr EH$ KQ>Zm A{Ve` CmoYH$ Amho. _hmam>â `mZr
^_V r Ho$br. Zm{gH$bm Vo Job.o {VWo EH$ nwamo{hV nm`mV C^m amhZ _ hUV hmoVm.
`mMr Mo>m H$a`mMr BN>m JmS>J~o m~mMr Pmbr. Vo ZXr`m nmmV CVabo. ZXrMo nmUr
Am|OirV KoD$Z Vo {H$Zm`mH$S>o \o$Hy$ bmJbo. Vmo nwamo{hV gV hmoD$Z hUmbm, "Aao
doS>m! ho H$m` H$aVmo Amhog? ~m~m hUmbo "H$mB ZmB, _m`m dmdambo nmZr KmbVmo.'
dmda hUOo eoV. "Hw$R>o Amho VwPo eoV?' "Or dhmS>mV, _y{VOmnyanmer Xmnwam hmò VWr'
nwamo{hV hUmbm "ho nmUr BV`m Xya H$go OmUma?' ~m~m hUmbo, "Vwhr {nV_moj
A_mdòbm Amnmn`m {nVamZm A dJmV nmR>dVm _J Amhmbm dhmS>mV nmZr ZmB
nmR>dVm òZma H$m`?, Aem ~w{dmXr `w{$dmXm`m {dZmoXmMr KwJ ao ~m~m`m M[amV
AZoH$ {R>H$mUr {ZZmXVmZm {XgVmV. Jmo.Zr. XmS>oH$amgma`m M[aH$mamZm Vr H$m
{Xgy ZòV?
g`ZmamÙmgma`m nmo`mMmhr JmS>Jo~m~mZr H$S>mSy>Z {ZfoY Ho$bm Amho. Vo
hUVmV. gmYwdm`mZr gdm n`mMm gmX dmQ>bm Am{U nmoWr dmMbr Va H$bmdVr
H$m brbmdVrMr ~moQ> nm`mV VaJbr. "Ag AerZ V _J gmao ^Q>Or g`mV nmR>dm.
lrH$mV {VS>Ho$
ey`m ~XwH$s`m Jmo`m naVmdm hUm g`ZmamÙmMr nmoWr dmMyZ'. Ago naIS>
{dMma EH$m {Zaja _mUgmZo _mS>mdo `mMo H$mVwH$ dmQ>Vo.
{ejUmdmMyZ _mUyg hUOo Ym|S>m
^maVmV`m amoI Xm[amMm emoY KoVmZm `m`m bjmV Ambo. {ejUm{edm`
Am_Mm Cma Zmhr. `mg~Yr ~mobVmZm `mZr AZoH$doim hQ>bo Amho "ho bmoH$ H$m
J[a~rV? `mbo Bm ZgrZ `mbo IQ>m`mMm ~b hQ>bo Var Mmbob! AmVm Var
gwYam. _wbmbo {ejU m. Bhm`mbo nmhUMma H$$ ZH$m. nU _wbmbo emioV
KmV`m{edm` amh ZH$m.'
gm_m{OH$ Vi_irVyZ `mZr {ejUmMm gma Ho$bm. _hmam>â {ejUgWm
H$mT>`m. H$_dra ^mD$amd nmQ>rb, S>m. ~m~mgmho~ Am~So >H$a, S>m. nOm~amd Xoe_wI
`m`m ej{UH$-gm_m{OH$ H$m`mbm g{H$` nmqR>~m {Xbm. dV {Zaja Agbo`m `m
_mUgmZo _hmam>mVrb IoS>w Vm`m hmVr "boIUr' {Xbr. H$emgmR>r? `mZm dmQ>bo hmoV,o
{ejUmZVa g_mOmVrb gm_m{OH$, Am{WH$ {df_Vm H$_r hmoBb, Xod Am{U XodmMo
ZmdmZo MmbUmao H$_H$mS> H$_r hmoBb
, Om{VôX Am{U newh`m Wm~b
o . nU H$m` Pmbo?
{eH$bo`m AmO`m _mUgmZr `m gd Jmo>tZm IVnmUr KmVbo Amho. Or Jmo> {Zaja
_mUgmbm g_Obr Vr Amhm gw{e{jVmZm g_Oy Zò ho Ho$dT>o Am`?
Amnbo H$moUr {e` Zmhr. Amn`m Hw$Qw>~ r`mZm H$moUVrhr gdbV {_iy Zò ho
Amn`m _`wnmV JmS>J~o m~mZr AmdOyZ {bhm`bm bmdbo. `m`m Hw$w Qw>~ r`mZr ~m~mMr
`mJrdmr {Z>Zo o Omonmgbr. `m`m {e`mZr _m {_eZ WmnZ Ho$bo. `m {_eZZo H$m`
Ho$bo? OodUmMr gXmdV} H$mT>br. Aml_emim H$mTy>Z gaH$mar AZwXmZo {_i{dbr. JmoajUo
H$mTy>Z Y{ZH$mMr _Ou gnmXZ Ho$br. nU `m`m H$m{VH$mar {dMmamMo {_eZ WmnZ
H$aVm Ambo Zmhr. Vgo H$aUo Jagmo`rMo Agmdo. H$maU Y{ZH$mZm {^H$m`m{df`r,
m{U_mm{df`r X`m XmI{dUo AmdS>Vo nU _wimV `m {df_VoMr {M{H$gm Ho$bobr
AmdS>V Zmhr. XoddmX, XddmX, AkmZ, Amamo`{df`H$ ~ondmB ho gd Jo`m{edm`
~hOZ Jm_rUg_mO JVr H$$M eH$Uma Zmhr. Ag`m`m AkmZr amh`mVM _yR>âmMo
ehmUnU {Q>H$y Z AgVo. Aem _yR>âmZm JmS>J~o m~m`m ZmdmZo Aem "_b_n>>m' H$aUo
gmo`rMo dmQ>Vo, `mZr XmI{dbo`m _mJmZo _wimda AmKmV KmbUo Zmhr.
_hmam>mV EH$m {Zaja _mUgmZo Amn`m gd VmH$Xr{Zer AYloda AmKmV
Ho$bo. Am{U "~w{dmX' hm eXhr _mhrV ZgyZ ~w{dmXr {dMmamMo bmoU Amn`m narZo
nmohM{d`mMm `Z Ho$bm hr Jmo> g_{dMmar _mUgmZr H$VkVoZo _aUmV R>odmdr.
[
{V{_aôX, gnmXH$ AObr gmo_U, `m nwVH$mVyZ. ]
~m~mgmho~ Am~oS>H$a d AYlm-{Z_ybZ

aU{OV naXoer
S>m. Am~So >H$am`m AYlm{Z_yb
Z H$m`mMm doY KoVmZm `m`m Y_{M{H$goMm
Am{U Y_mVa MidirMm _mJmodm KoUo An[ahm` R>aVo. _hmam>mV AYlm{Z_ybZ
MidirMr `mr m_w`mZo ~wdm~mOr, M_H$mamMm Xmdm H$aUmao dm_r, gmjmH$mar
Ag`mMm Mma H$aUmao _hmamO, PnmQ>U,o ^mZm_Vr, derH$aU {dm, nwZO_, ^mdmVrV
`mZ B.`m gX^mVrb ~moYZmMr Amho. `m gd AYlmMr _wio Y_m`m VmpdH$
dm `mdhm[aH$ d$nmV AmhoV. AYlm{Z_ybZmMm H$m`H$Vm _`m{XV C{>mZo
`dhmamVrb CKS> d ~moMH$ AYlo`m {damoYmV H$Vr H$arV AgVmo Va Y_gYw maH$
Am{U Y_n[adVH$ AYlmMo e{$gm_` Agbo`m BadmX, Am_dmX, AdVmadmX,
nwZO_dmX, H$_dmX `m A`m_dmXr dmtMr _ybJm_r {M{H$gm H$arV AgVmo. `mhr
nbrH$S>o OmD$Z AYlm OmUrdnydH$ nmogUm`m, gm[aV H$aUm`m Om{V`dWm,
dJ`dWm `mgma`m ^m{VH$ `dWm{damoYr bT>ho r Cô H$arV AgVmo. ^maVr` ~moYZ
Midir`m B{VhmgmV S>m. Am~So >H$am`m AYlm{Z_yb
Z H$m`mMr AZ`Vm hr Amho
H$s AYlmMm nm`m Agbo`m dMm[aH$ Am{U ^m{VH$ `m Xmohr AmYmamda H${Verb
OZbT>o C^maUmao Vo EH$_odm{Vr` g_mOgwYmaH$ AmhoV.
AYlm{damoYr dMm[aH$ d `mdhm[aH$ gKf
`m jomV ~m~mgmho~ g_mOdmXr-gm`dmXr MiditZmhr _mJXeH$ R>ab
o Ago
`moJXmZ XoVmV. H$moU`mhr Am{WH$ dm amOH$s` H$mVrMr nydV `mar gm_m{OH$ d dMm[aH$
H$mVrZo H$aUo Amd`H$ AgVo hr `mMr YmaUm Ag`mZo ^maVm`m ~moYZ MidirV
Y_gwYmaUoMo AmJhr {VnmXZ H$arV ~m~mgmho~ AJ^mJr amhVmV.
"~w Am{U `mMm Y_', "ey nydu H$moU hmoVo?' "Om{V{Z_ybZ' "[aS>bg
Am\$ qhXwBP_' Aem JWgnXoVyZ `mZr gZmVZr ~mUr `dWoda dMm[aH$ ho
Ho$bo. "~{hH$V ^maV', "~w ^maV', "OZVm' `mgma`m {Z`VH$m{bH$mVyZ qhXwY_
d g_mO`dWm, ~w Y_ Am{U `mMr {eH$dU, An`Vm-Om{VôX Am{U `mMo
{Z_yb
Z `mMr AIS>nUo MMm Ho$br. g^m-g_b
o ZmVyZhr `m`m _hm{ZdmUmn`V Vo `m
OZgmJam`m AmKmS>rda AWH$nUo H$màV am{hbo. naVw Y_{df`H$ ~moYZm~m~V
`mMr ^y{_H$m Ho$di {dMmadVmnwaVr gr{_V am{hbr Zmhr. An`Vm, Om{VôX d
rXm` `mZm nm{d` XmZ H$aUmam Vd{dMma d `dhma `m{damoYmV gKfmMr ^y{_H$m
KoD$Z `mZr OZbT>ho r C^mabo. _hmS>Mm MdXma V`mMm g`mJh (1927), H$mimam_
_{Xa g`mJh (1930-35), _wISo >Mm nmS>dVmn-g`mJh (1932) ndVr-g`mJh
Aem bT>mVyZ `mZr Y_lm d AYlm `mg~Yr`m {M{H$go`m bmQ>m ^maVâ
aU{OV naXoer
CgidrV R>od`m. ~m Y_mMm drH$ma H$$Z d X{bV OZVoMo gm_wXm{`H$ Y_mVa

KS>dyZ qhXy Y_mbm dMm[aH$ d `mdhm[aH$ Y$m {Xbm. ~m-Y_n[adVZmMr KQ>Zm
qhXwY_u`mZm Amn`m AYY_lm~m~V Am_Q>rHo$Mr ^y{_H$m Ko`mg ^mJ nmS>Umar,
Om{V`dWm Am{U `mda C`m Agbo`m Y_m~m~V AnamY^mdZm `$ H$amd`mg
bmdUmar Amho.
AYloMo e{$moV H$moUVo?
qhXwY_mMr B{VhmgmVrb {d{dY $no n> H$aVmZm m.J.~m.gaXma "Y_ d
g_mOn[adVZ' `mV `mVw{dYr, d{XH$ `k, XodVmamYZ, EHo$admX, ~dmX B.Mr MMm
H$aVmV. S>m. Am~So >H$amZr qhXwY_mVrb `m AJm`m {damoYmV Am`w`â OZ~moYZmMr
dMm[aH$ Midi C^mabr hmoVr. AYlm{Z_yb
ZmMr Midi hr JyT>dmXr, AJ` Aem
lm`m {damoYmVrb Midi Amho. S>m. Am~So >H$a Oohm Am_m, AdVmadmX, M_H$madmX,
doXm_m` B.da hm MT>{dVmV Vohm Vmo AYlm{damoYr ~moYZmMm ^mJ AgVmo.
qhXwY_mVrb `m d{e>mMr $no hUyZ `m gX^mV g_OyZ KoVbr nm{hOoV. g>rVrb
òH$ nXmW, dj, mUr `m gdm_ò `mVwVd dgV Amho. {d{e> {H$`m Am{U
_nR>U `m_wio Vo OmJV hmoVo, B> \$bmrMr j_Vm `m`m {R>H$mUr {Z_mU hmoVo.
`m `mVw{dYrMr A{^`$s AmnUmg AmOhr _m{H$m`m `dhmamVyZ {XgyZ òV.o {d{YnydH $
Ho$bo`m AMyH$ _momamVyZ \$bmr hmoVo, _e$s$ hr {H$_`m Amho d nmD$g,
A, newYZ, gVVr, amoJ{ZdmaU, ewZme B`m{X Jmo>r `mnmgyZ CdVmV, hr d{XH$
`km_mJrb lm Amho. AmO`m gmjmH$mar ~wdm-dm_t`m "gm_`m'_mJo d{XH$ `kmMr
hr lmM H$m_ H$arV AgVo. XodVmamYZ nVr hr d{XH$ `kmZVaMr {dH$mgmdWm.
nXmWnOy Vo Zy BN>mnyVu H$a`mMo Y_mMaU `mVyZ Cdbo. `kr` XodVm`m nyOm-CnmgZmVyZ
BpN>V gm` Ho$`mMm Xmdm Omo H$a`mV òVmo, `mbm Ym{_H$ AmYma `m nanaoV Amho.
~dmX ~w{m_m` dm AZw^dm_m`mda C^m Zmhr Va Vmo Am`m`m loda C^m
Amho. "Am_m' `m AwV e$sMo H$Q>rH$aU H$aUo, Am_o OmJo H$aUo, `mgma`m
AYlmMm nm`m Am_dmXmV Amho.
S>m. Am~So >H$a qhXwY_mMr {M{H$gm H$aVmV Vohm qhXwY_m`m `m {d{dY $nmVrb
A`m_dmXr, JyT>dmXr e{$WmZmZmM Y$m XoV AgVmV. ~w{dmX, {ddoH$erbVm,
_mZdVmdmX `m AmYmao Vo Cô H$aVmV `mMdoir ~mY_ drH$ma`m_mJMr
H$maU_r_mgm n> H$aV OmVmV.
"doX ho Ba{Z{_V AmhoV, Anmfo` AmhoV, `mMr Amkm _mZmdr, Ago gmJ`mV
òVo. naVw `mbm B{VhmgmV H$moR>o nwamdm Zmhr. ~mUmIoarO H$moUrM doXmbm mYm`
{Xbobo Zmhr.'
"... Cn{ZfXm`m `m H$maIm`mVrb ~ d Am_m `m XmoZ Jmo>tH$S>o nm{hbo
Va ~wmZo `mnH$s EH$hr Jmo> _m` Ho$br Zmhr. ~wmZo gm{JVbo _bm Ba ZH$mo...,
.... "~wmbm doX _wirM _m` ZhVo.... dU`dWmhr ~wmbm _m` ZhVr.
~m dm`mV ~wmZo MmVwd`mda nXmonXr hma Ho$bobo AmhoV...'

"~m Y_mV _moj-dJ `m Iw`m H$nZmZm WmZ Zmhr. CbQ> _mZdr Or{dV
gwIg_mYmZmZo Kmbdm`Mo Agob Va _mZdmZo ewmMaU, Aqhgm, g_Vm, ~Ywd `m
Jmo>tMm Adb~ H$amdm'.... (S>m.Am~oS>H$amMr ^mfUo _m.\$.JmOao, IS> 7 _YyZ)
S>m. Am~So >H$amMo Y_~moYZm`m jomVrb gdmV _m{bH$ `moJXmZ hUOo ~m
Y_mVamMr `mZr C^r Ho$bobr Midi.
1) AYlm{Z_ybZ MidirZo ^maVr` gX^mV oaUmXm`r dmagm H$moU`m
Eo{Vhm{gH$ KQ>Zm, _hmnwfmnmgyZ `mdm?
2) AYlm{Z_yb
Z MidirMo VmpdH$ A{Y>mZ H$moUVo hdo? ~mUr doXmVdmX
H$s A~mUr ~mdmX?
3) ^maVr` B{Vhmg d gH$VrV doXmVdmXmMm {VH$ma H$$Z {dH${gV Pmbo`m
A~mUr nanamVrb A`m_dmXmg ZH$ma XoD$Z, `m nanaoMr gm_m{OH$-Ym{_H$
nwZaMZogmR>r, nwZKQ>Zm H$er H$amdr?
4) AYlmMm Ym{_H$ lm-`dhma `m d$nmV Y_m`m {dMma`dhmamV
AgVmo. naVw VdkmZm`m jomV Vmo ~dmX dm _m`mdmX hUyZ AgVmo. g_mOemmV
Vmo A`m_dmXr ^mdm`m $nmZo Va gm{h`mV Am_m, ~, MmVwd`, naVd `m
~mUr Vdm`m CXmmrH$aUm`m $nmZo XS>bb
o m AgVmo. `m Am{U BVa gdM jomVrb
A`m_dmXr dmter gKf Xo`mgmR>r H$moUVr AdofUnVr drH$mamdr?
Am~So >H$am`m Y_mVa MidirZo Aem m`m gX^mV CmamMm emoY Ko`mgmR>r
g_mOgwYmaH$mZm-H$m{VH$maH$mZm _O~ya Ho$bo. S>m. amdgmho~ H$g~o `m`m "Am~So >H$a
d _mg' `m JWmV ~m Y_mMr J_ZerbVm nwT>rb eXmV _mS>VmV
"Cn{ZfXmZr Oo VdkmZ {Z_mU Ho$bo hmoVo, ~w `m`m {damoYr hmoVm.
Cn{ZfXH$mamZr Am`mda gdm{YH$ â {Xbm. Am_m hm A^m{VH$, emV d Z
~XbUmam Amho Ago `mZr _mZbo. ~wmZo Cn{ZfXm`m {damoYmV ^y{_H$m KoD$Z "gd
H$mhr dmhr Amho' Ago gm{JVbo. `m_wio OJm{df`r gnUy doJ`m {>H$moZmg MmbZm
{_imbr... H$m`H$maU^mdmMm doJim {gmV _mS>Uo ~wmg ^mJ nS>b.o "{V` g_wnmX'
`m Amn`m VdmMo {ddoMZ ~w H$aVmo....' (n.149).
qMVZm`m XmoZ nanamMm ôX {deX H$aVmZm ^XV AmZX H$mg`m`Z ~m
nanaoVrb "`j AZw_mZdmXm'Mr, AZw^ddmXmMr egm H$aVmV. "~m nanam d
_mgdmXr nanam AZradmXr, AZm_dmXr Am{U A{Z`VmdmXr AmhoV Va Bbm_r,
BgmB Am{U qhXwnanam eXm_m`mMm drH$ma H$aUm`m AmhoV, Ago dJuH$aU Vo
_mS>VmV. ~m~mgmho~mZr drH$mabo`m `m d{eQ>nyU dmaem_wio `mMr ^maVr`
Y_gYw maUm d ~moYZmVrb H$m_{Jar g_H$mbrZ g_mOgwYmaH$m`mnojm doJir R>aVo.
aU{OV naXoer
[ {V{_aôX,
gnmXH$ AObr gmo_U, `m nwVH$mVyZ. ]

"YaUm`m q^Vr Imbr OmS> AgVmV' `mMo emr` n>rH$aU Xo`mgmR>r

Ho$di nmH$bMm {Z`_ dmnabm OmVmo. nm`m`m Xm~m_wio q^V \w$Qy> Zò hUyZ
Vr Imbr OmS> AgVo ho Iao Zmhr. OJmVrb gdmV CM YaUm`m VimVhr
nm`mMm Xm~ dmVmdaUm`m Ho$di 30 nQ> AgVmo. VodT>m Xm~ d`nmH$KH$mVrb
{gqbS>abmgwm ghZ hmoVmo. nm`m`m Xm~mMm Q>mH $ nS>V Ag`m_wi,o gnUy
q^V Z \w$Q>Vmgwm H$bWyZ AmS>dr nSy> eH$Vo. Vgo hmoD$ Zò hUyZ q^V ~mhoarb
~mOyg A{YH$ CVaVr AgVo.
hdoV drg Q>$o mUdm`w AgVmo ho {g H$aUmam EH$ `moJ nmR>nwVH$mV
{Xbm Jobobm AmT>iVmo. `mV nm`m`m Q>~mV noQ>bobr EH$ _oU~mr AgVo.
`mda H$mMoMo ^mS>o CnS>o R>od`mda Vr WmoS>m H$mi noQy>Z amhZ {dPVo. H$mhr
H$mimZVa Q>~mVrb nmUr H$mMo`m ^mS>mV da gaH$bobo {XgVo. ho da Ambobo
nmUr drg Q>$o Agob Va mUdm`y drg Q>$o Ag`mMo {g hmoV Ag`m`m
Xm`mV Ago JhrV Yabo Amho H$s mUdm`ybm gndyZ V`ma Pmbobm H$~{m{Ub
(CO2) dm`w nm`mV nyUn Uo emofbm OmVmo d nmUr da òV.o nU nmUr da ò`mMo
H$maU doJioM Amho. _oU~mr noQ>{d`mda AmOw~mOyMr hdm Ja_ Pm`mZo gaU
nmdbobr AgVo. H$mbmVamZo Vr WS> Pm`mda AmHw$ MZ nmdyZ nmUr da MT>V.o
nm`mV emof`m Jobo `m H$~{m{Ub dm`yMo _mU ZJ` AgVo.
(nmR>nwVH$mVrb Aem AZoH$ MwH$s`m gH$nZm{df`r
X. O. OmoJioH$a `mZr Zde$s_ò {b{hbo hmoV.o )
AQ> hoHo$b `m OrdemkmZo gw_mao XrS>eo dfmnydu H$mT>bo`m H$mhr
{Mm M m dmna AmOhr H$mhr nmR>nw VHo $ H$aVmV. ho H o $ b `m M o
CH$m{VemmgmR>rMo `moJXmZ _moR>o Agbo Var `mZr ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny hm {gmV _mS>bm. "JV' m`m`m J^mMr dmT> hmoVmZm
Vmo "Imb`m' m`m`m J^mgmaIm {XgV {XgV hiyhiy da`m m`mMo eara
YmaU H$aVmo `m ~mi~moY {gmVm_ò qH${MV V` Amho naVw Vo R>iH$nUo
_mS>`mgmR>r hoH$o b `mZr {MmMr WmoS>r hoam\o$ar Ho$br. hr ~m~ CKS>H$sg òD$Z
nMdrg df} Pmbr Var H$mhr nmR>nwVH$m_ò MwH$sMr {Mo AgVmV. {Z{_{VdmXr
(creationist) bmoH$ `mMm \$m`Xm KoD$Z gnyU CH$mpVemmda Q>rH$m
H$a`mMm `Z H$aVmV.
(Example : http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/
commons/7/7d/Haeckel_Anthropogenie_1874.jpg).
^mJ Mma gd}jU
lmMo gd}jU
_moX gh~wo
g`m Iyn _moR>m _mUmV bmoH$ lmiy Pmbo AmhoV Ago hUUmao {ddoH$s,
Va bmoH$mZm H$gMr MmS> am{hbr Zmhr Ago hUUmao Ym{_H$ Amn`mbm ôQ>V AgVmV.
hr `mMr _Vo {XImD$ lm dm Alm OmUd`mda JQ> hmoV AgVmV. hUOo
A_`m _o`mbm H$mhr bmI _mUgo O_br, _moR>m AnKmV Pmbm `mV gd `moH$$
hmoV,o Ago H$mhrgo EoH$y Ambo H$s {ddoH$s _mUgmZm g_mOmVrb dmT>`m loMr AmoiI
nQ>Vo. Va gUmgwXrbm gw>r KoD$Z ^_U H$aUmao nm{hbo; b-lm-_wOrVrb Ym{_H$
`dhmamVrb {T>bonUm nm{hbm H$s Ym{_H$mZm Zo_H$s `m{d OmU òVo. Zo_Ho$ H$m`
KS>Vo ho nmh`mgmR>r AmOH$mb gd}jUmMm Cn`moJ Ho$bm OmVmo. AmVm gd}jU `m
H$mam~m~VM ânya Alm gmnS>Vo Vo doJio.
^maVmV Pmbobo lmMo gd}jU ho Amhmbm _mhrV Zmhr. nU JV XoemV Ago
gd}jU ~aoMXm Ho$bo OmVo. Vo Iyn `mnH$ AgVo. CXm. ">`w \$moa_'Zo Ho$bobo A_o[aHo$Vrb
gd}jU 35000 OUm_ò Ho$bo hmoVo (OyZ 2008). ho gd}jU Ym{_H$VoMo hmoV.o AmnU
gmB~m~m, JOmZZ _hmamO, bmb~mJMm amOm, gVmofr _mVm B`m{X ZdrZ XodVmH$So>
Pmbo`m amJm dm JXu, Va am_, {dUy, eH$a, _hmXod, ~Xod Aem XodVmMo H$_r
hmoUmao nyOZ ~KyZ Ym{_H$Vo`m ~Xb`m d$nmMm AXmO ~mYy eH$Vmo. nU "`w
\$moa_'gma`m gd}jUm_wio `mMr Zo_H$s AmH$So>dmar H$iVo. `wamonmVrb Xoem_Yrb
ZmpVH$VoMo gd}jU {d{H$no{S>`mV gmnS>Vo. gdmV OmV ZmpVH$ \$mg,
PoH$mobmodm{H$`m, drS>Z òWo (25 Q>`mda), Va gdmV H$_r VwH$VmZ, amo_m{Z`m,
nmoVwJmb (1-6 Q>o$) òWo {XgVo. A_o[aHo$V hoM _mU 5 Vo 9 Q>o$ AmT>iVo.
{~Q>Z_ò AYlmMo gd}jU H$a`mV Ambo ([aMS> dmBO_Z) `mV 13 AmH$S>m
Aew^ _mZUmao 26 Q>o$ bmoH$ AmT>ibo.
{ZdS>UwH$s`m {ZH$mb d _Vg`m `mda hmoUmao gd}jU ^maVmV Jo`m 25
dfmnmgyZ Amho. ~aoMXm _Vg`m d {ZdS>UyH$ {ZH$mb `mV H$_rOmV hmoV AgVo.
hUyZ {ZH$mbmMo \$gbobo ^mH$sV bmoH$mZm {XgVo. _m Aem gd}jUmMo Iyn \$m`Xo
hmoV AgmdoV. hUyZM AmKmS>rMo nj `mMm AmYma KoV `yhaMZm H$aV AgVmV.
~mOma nmaIm`bm Ho$bobr gd}jUo dm njmZr Ho$bobr gd}jUo `mMo {ZH$mb ~mH$s`mgmR>r
ZgVmV hUyZ Vr Hw$R>o N>mnbr OmV ZmhrV. nU `m gdmMm MmJbmM Cn`moJ hmoV
Agmdm. hUyZM MmJbo ngo XoD$Z Vr H$adbr OmVmV.
_moX gh~wo
nwamUH$mir _mZd AmO`mnojm OmV JV hmoVm.

_m_ò ^bo~wao H$am`Mr e$s AgVo.
H$mhrOUmH$So> M_H$ma H$a`mMr e$s AgVo.
O_doiZo gw ma Ho$bo`m Hw$S >brH$So> dm hmVm`m aofmH$So> ~KyZ OmUH$ma _S>ir
VVmoVV ^{d` gmJVmV.
.8 Am`wd}X ho gnyU {dkmZ Amho.
.9 d` A-0-18, ~- 18-35, H$ 35-60, S> 60 `m nwT>o
.10 {ejU A- {~Ja embmV, ~-embmV, H$-nXdrYa, S>-nX`wma
.11 _m{gH$ Cn A- 5 hOmamImbr, ~- 5-10 hOma,
H$- 10-20 hOma, S> 20-50 hOma, B 50 hOmamda.
gd}jUmMr Cmao :
_e$s
M_H$ma
Hw$ S>br/hVgm_w{H$
Am`wdX} mMr dkm{ZH$Vm
{ejU
Cn
.1
37
16
15
13
16
3
.2
28
25
13
13
17
4
.3
26
18
16
16
21
3
.4
16
12
26
22
19
4
.5
12
14
16
23
34
-
.6
8
21
14
24
32
1
.7
8
22
14
28
26
2
.8 .9 .10
27 3 13
41 57 40
19 37 38
7 2 10
6 - 1 - -
.11
10
13
32
33
16
-
d`
JV ^yVH$mi
A
~
H$
S>
B
\$
{Z`H$ Xod
V$m n{hbm.
gd {_iyZ AmH$So>dmar EH$Xa g`m 250
XmVm Xod
gd}jUmMr _m{hVr :
Amhr Ho$bobo gd}jU ho V`mar Am{U `mnH$Vm `m~m~VrV WmoSo> H$_Omoa
dmQ>b
o . H$mhr MwH$m Pm`m AgVrb. ho n{hbo gd}jU _mZbo Va `m~m~V j_m hmoBb
Ago dmQ>Vo. V`mar d ~i H$_r Ag`mZo `mnH$Vm H$_r hmoUma ho gmh{OH$ Pmbo.
g`m H$_r AgUo, CmaH$`mbm H$Q>mim Z òVm {ZdS> H$aVm òUo, ho `m_wio
A`mV Pmbo. d`gdo H$ _w~ BMo Ag`mZo gd}jUmMr `mnH$Vm R>$Z Jobr. EH$Xa
AmR> d `mZm CmamMo ghm n`m`. {edm` d`, {ejU d CnJQ> `mMr _m{hVr
Ago gd}jUmMo d$n hmoVo. Hw$R>bmhr JQ> {ZdS>VmZm `mMr JQ> hUyZ ~m{YbH$s
nyduM R>aVm H$m_m Zò hm {ZH$f XoD$Z d`godH$mZr `m AH$am mMr Cmao Jmoim
Ho$br. OgOer _m{hVr Jmoim hmoV Jobr VgVgm Cgmh dmT>VmZm {Xgbm. `m_wio
Anojonojm {H$VrVar OmV Cmao {_imbr. CmaH$V} mdbr~m~V Cgmhr hmoVo Ago
dmQ>bo. d`godH$mMo d`{$H$ _V d CmaH$`mMo _V `mV J{UVr` g~Y bmJbm
Zmhr (hUOo m_m{UH$nUm Agmdm.). CmaH$`mMo Zmd mgmo~V Hw$R>Mo Zm|Xdbo Jobo
Zmhr. ho _wm_ _Z_moH$ionUo {b{h`mgmR>r Ho$bo Jobo.
.4
5
.6
.7
{Z_mVm Xod
Hw$R>bohr gd}jU hQ>bo H$s Vo H$m` {dMm$Z Ho$bo Jobo ( d {dMma`mMr

nV) d Hw$R>`m bmoH$g_yhmda Ho$bo Job,o ho XmoZ _hdmMo ^mJ AgVmV. `m Xmohtda
òUmao {ZH$mb Adb~yZ AgVmV. `m XmohtV dkm{ZH$Vm AmUm`Mr Agob Va
{ZdS>Uo, {dMmaUo d bmoH$g_yhmMr {ZdS> H$aUo `mgmR>r {ZH$f Ho$bobo AgVmV. Cma
XoUmao Amnbo Cma Hw$R>`mhr X~mdmImbr XoV ZmhrV Zm Ago ~Km`Mo AgVo Am{U
`m g_mOmV ho gd}jU AgVo `m g_mOmVrb bmoH$gòMo {V{Z{Yd CmaH$`mV
{Xgm`bm bmJVmo. EdT>o gJio {ZH$f Ambo H$s V`mar ânya hdr. lm hm ^maVmV
ZmOyH$ _m_bm JUbm OmVmo. hUOo lmZm bmJbobm Y$m nQ>H$Z ghZ Ho$bm OmV
Zmhr. Aem doir gd}jU H$a`mda EH$ ~YZ òVo. l {dMmaVmZm `m ~m~tMm
ZrQ> {dMma H$$Z Vo {ZdS>mdo bmJVmV. H$Xm{MV `m ~YZmZo WmoS>r\$ma dkm{ZH$Vm
hany eH$Vo.
{dMmabobo d Cmao
Imbrb {dYmZmda nwT>rb n`m` gmJm.
A- nyU {dmg, ~ {dmg, H$- _V Zmhr,
S>- A{dmg, B nyU A{dmg, \$- MwH$sMm
1 ho OJ XodmZo {Z_mU Ho$bo.
.2 Amnbr mWZm Xod EoH$Vmo d `mMo \$i XoVmo.
3 Xod òH$ KQ>Zoda {ZÙ R>odyZ AgVmo.
EHy$U CmaH$`mV 3 Q>o$ OU 18 `m AmVbo hmoVo, 57 Q>o$ 18 Vo 35

hUOo VU d`moJQ>mVbo hmoVo, 37 Q>o$ 35 Vo 60 d`moJQ>mVbo hmoVo Va `mdarb
bmoH$mMo _mU 2 Q>$o hmoV.o (H$mhr OUmZr ZrQ>er _m{hVr Z {X`mZo ~oarO 100 Q>$o
hmoUma Zmhr.) embmV narjm CmrU Z Pmbo`mMo _mU 13 Q>o$ hmoVo, embmV Vo
nXdr `m Xa`mZMo _mU 40 Q>o$ hmoVo, nXdr {_idbobo 38 Q>o$ hmoVo, d `mdarb
{ejU 10 Q>`mZr KoVbo hmoV.o {ejUmV embmV narjm nmg Pmbo d nXdrMo {ejU
_moX gh~wo
Mmby Amho Aem H$mhr OUmMm g_mdoe Amho. `m_wio ho gw{e{jVmMo _mU H$Xm{MV
OmV YaVm òBb. nyU Hw$Qw>~mMo Cn _m{gH$ 5000 n`V Cn 10 Q>o$ bmoH$mMo
hmoVo, 5000 Vo 10000 Cn KoUao 13 Q>o$ hmoVo, 10000 Vo 20000 Cn 32
Q>o$ bmoH$mMo hmoVo, 20000 Vo 50000 Cn {_idUmao 33 Q>o$ bmoH$ hmoVo Va
`mdarb Cn {_idUmao 16 Q>o$ bmoH$ hmoVo. EH$XarV _mU _`_dJu`mMo
OmV {XgVo. ej{UH$ nmVir hr embmV d nXdrYmaH$mMr OmV {XgVo. d`moJQ>
VUm~amo~a {XgVmo.
mdbrV n{hbo VrZ Xodmg~Yr hmoVo. Cabobo nmM BVa lm~m~V
hmoV.o Xodm~bMo ho ZmOwH$VoH$So> diVmV. `m_wio Ago {ZdS>bo hmoVo H$s Cmao
XoVmZm Hw$R>bm A{Yjon hmoD$ Zò. AmR> hUOo AmR> {dYmZo hmoVr. `mda AgUmam
{dmg dm A{dmgm`m N>Q>m CmaH$`mbm m``m hmo`m. hr AmR> {dYmZo gd}jUmMm
H$b XmIdUmar ZhVr (Agm Xmdm Amho.) Hw$R>`m XdVmMo dm `$sMo Zmd `mV
ZhVo. Xodmg~YrMo d`{$H$ Xod _mZUm`mZm n[aM`mMo hmoVo. _m XodmEodOr
H$mhrVar e$s AgVo Ago _mZUm`mgmR>r gwH$a ZhVo. `m_wio MwH$sMm Amho
Agm n`m` {Xbm hmoVm. Ago Ag`mZo H$mhr CmaH$`mMr Aer {V{H$`m Ambr H$s
ho H$mhr AmpVH$VoMo gd}jU Zmhr. Amhr mMr Cmao ZH$mam_H$ {Xbr Var Amhr
AmpVH$ AmhmoV.
mV Zo_Ho$nUm Zmhr, Aer Hw$Ry>Z VH$ma Ambr Zmhr. H$moUm`m lobm Y$m
bmdUmao AmhoV, Agohr EH$mZohr hQ>bo Zmhr. Vw_`mH$Sy>Z hrM Anojm, Agohr
mdbrMm H$b {ZXeH$ Cma {ZKmbo ZmhrV. `m mda bmoH$ g{hUw {Xgbo. EdT>Mo
Zmhr Va Amnbo ghH$mar dm {_ Amn`mnojm {^ {dMma H$aVmV ho ~KyZ Hw$Umbm
\$mago dmBQ> dmQ>bo Zmhr Va J_V dmQ>V hmoVr. `m {Z{_mmZo `m mMm H$m` N>S>m bmJVmo
Vo nmhy Aer CgwH$Vmhr bmoH$mZr XmIdbr.
n{h`m VrZ CmamVrb KgaVm {dmg hr EH$ CoIZr` ~m~ Amho. n{hbr
XmoZ Cmao (hUOo nyU {dmg d gmYmaU `m loUtMr ~oarO Ho$br Va Odinmg 60
Vo 70 Q>o$ bmoH$mMm H$b `{$$nr Xodm~m~V AmpVH$VoH$So> PwH$Umam Amho. `m_ò
"MwH$sMm ' hUUmao 3 Q>o$ d {edm` H$mhr {V{H$`m`m AmYmao ho _mU AOyZ
dmT>dbo Va Vo gmYmaU 70-75 Q>`mH$So> PwH$o b, EH$Xa ZmpVH$VoMo _mU ho 1520 `m KamV OmBb; Va Ako`mH$So> 10-12 Q>o$ AgVrb
nwT>Mo nmM ho Xodmg~Y r ZhVo. Xod _mZUo dm Z _mZUo `m CmamVyZ `mMm
g~Y Wm{nV hmoBbM Ago ZhVo. EH$ Anojm _m hmoVr H$s H$mhrVar H$b `mVyZ
JQ> hmoBb. EH$Xa Cmao ~KVm hm H$b hiyhiy n> hmoBb. ~hVoH$ mZm g_OyZ
d m_m{UH$ _Vo {Xbr Jobr Ago gd gd}jUH$`mMo _V hmoV.o ~hg ` bmoH$mZr _m
nwamUH$miMm JV _mZd, _, M_H$ma d \$bOmo{V` `m Mmahr ~m~VrV ZmngVr
Xedbr Amho. `mV ag AgUm`mMr g`m Ho$di 33 Q>o$ Amho. Va gw_mao 50

Q>`m`m da bmoH$mZr `mg ZH$ma {Xbm Amho. `m g`m g_mOmMo EH$ doJio {M
S>mo`mg_moa AmUVmV. ~hg` bmoH$m`m _Vo Am`wd}X ho gnyU {dkmZ Amho (68
Q>$o ), `mg ZH$ma XoUm`mMr g`m \$$ 13 Q>$o Amho. H$b XedUmar _Ybr Cmao
(gmYmaU {dmg dm gmYmaU A{dmg) XoUmao bmoH$ EH$XarV _moR>m gòZo AmhoV
gd m_ò `mMo _mU gmYmaU 30 Vo 40 Q>`m`m KamV gVV Amho. ho gd
OU g_mOmV Agbo`m gmdYnUmMo VrH$ _mZVm òVrb. _V ZgUmao gmYmaUnUo
10-20 Q>$o AmhoV. MmaH$mMo (Xmohr ~mOy`m) bj `m bmoH$m`m gòH$So> Ag`mg
Zdb dmQy> Zò.
_moX gh~wo
d`, {ejU d CnmMm g~Y

Hw$_mad`rZ d ò> _VH$V} EH$Xaar`m \$ma H$_r hmoVo. `m_wio `m`m
Cmam~m~V R>m_ {ZH$f H$mT>Vm òUma Zmhr. ~mH$s {R>H$mUr òH$ JQ>mVrb g`m
R>rH$ hmoVr. `m gdmMm g~Y AmQ>monera V`mV _mS>`mgmR>r {ZX}emH$mMr `moOZm
Ho$br. A = 2 , ~ =1, H$ =0, S>=-1 Am{U B=-2 Ago Y$Z hm {ZX}emH$
H$mT>bm. OmVrVOmV 2 Va H$_rV H$_r -2 Agm hm {ZX}emH$ hmoD$ eH$Vmo. `m
{ZX}emH$mZo gdgmYmaUnUo JQ>mbm H$m` dmQ>Vo ho {M Cô amhVo. `mMm V$m
Imbrb_mUo. gmYmaUnUo `md$Z Ago hUVm òBb
H$s 1.5 Vo 2 _Yrb {ZX}emH$
nyU {dmg XedVmo, 0.5 Vo 1.5 hUOo {dmg, 0.5 Vo 0.5 (dOm 0.5) hUOo
_V ZgUo, -0.5 Vo -1.5 hUOo A{dmg Va -1.5 Vo 2 hUOo nyU A{dmg.
XmVm Xod
{Z`H$ Xod
JV ^yVH$mi
_e$s
M_H$ma
Hw$ S>br/hVgm_w{H$
d`
18 nojm H$_r
18-35
35-60
60 `m da
{Z_mVm Xod
V$m 2. d`mZwgma {d^mJdmar (AmH$So> {ZX}emH$mMo)
.1
1
0.32
0.55
0.86
.2
1
0.38
0.27
0.00
.3
1
-0.09
0.3
0.57
.4
0.43
-0.01
-0.4
-0.57
.5
0.57
-0.47
-0.68
-0.86
.6
0.86
-0.58
-0.59
-0.43
.7
-0.43
-0.67
-0.13
-0.43
.8
0.71
0.68
0.85
0.86
_e$s
.3
.4
.5
JV ^yVH$mi
.2
Hw$ S>br/hVgm_w{H$
{Z`H$ Xod
.1
M_H$ma
XmVm Xod
{ejU
{Z_mVm Xod
V$m 3 {ejUmZwgma {d^mJdmar
.7
.8
.6
{~Ja embmV 1.17 0.73 0.9 -0.17 -0.73 -0.23 0.17 1.17
embmV
0.78 0.69 0.38 0.16 -0.27 -0.59 -0.61 0.8
nXdrYa
0.61 0.55 0.1 -0.26 -0.25 -0.45 -0.52 0.65
nX`w ma
0.23 0.18 0.05 -0.5 -1.05 -1.05 -0.32 0.32
XmVm Xod
{Z`H$ Xod
JV ^yVH$mi
_e$s
M_H$ma
Hw$ S>br/hVgm_w{H$
_m{gH$ Cn
{Z_mVm Xod
V$m 4: CnmZwgma {d^mJdmar.
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
5 hOmamnojm H$_r 0.31 0.19 0.38 -0.31 -1
-0.56 -0.69 0.44
5-10 hOma
0.81 0.66 0.59 0.26 -0.16 -0.06 0.13 1.25
10-20 hOma
0.58 0.53 0.18 -0.13 -0.42 -0.51 -0.67 0.63
20-50 hOma
0.48 0.37 0.09 -0.32 -0.55 -0.68 -0.44 0.74
50 hOmamda
-0.15 -0.26 -0.44 -0.21 -0.9 -0.62 -0.41 0.72
VU (18-35 JQ>) hm _`_d`rZ (35 Vo 60) JQ>mnojm H$_r {dmg

R>do Umam Amho. 18 `m Imb`m d 60 `m da`m d`moJQ>mMr AmH$So>dmar Aem
nVrMo Cma H$mT>`mg nwae
o r Zmhr. {ejU d {dmg `mV CVaVr ^mOUr _m
n> {XgVo Amho. Ogo Ogo {ejU dmT>V OmVo VgVgm {dmg H$_r hmoVmZm
{XgVmo Amho. AJXr H$_r Cn Agbobm JQ> hm _`_ CnJQ>mnojm OmV
Al {XgVmo. _`_ CnJQ>mZVa CVaVr ^mOUr {XgVo. C CnmMm JQ> hm
EH${VnUo A{dmgmH$So> PwH$bobm {XgVmo.
EH$XarV :
"Vw_Mm Xodmda {dmg Amho H$m?' Agm `m gd}jUmV {dMmabm Jobm
ZhVm. Xodmg~Y rMo VrZ mMm EH${V {dMma Ho$bm Va `m ~m~VrV H$mhr VH$
H$aVm òBb. gdgmYmaU `m VrZ m`m {ZX}emH$mMr gamgar 0.31 hUOo
"_mhrV Zmhr' H$Sy>Z {dmgmH$So> PwH$Umar Amho.
Cabo`m nmMnH$s n{h`m Mma (Am`wd}Xmdarb gmoSy>Z) {ZX}emH$mMr
gamgar hr -0.18 hUOo _mhrV Zmhr H$Sy>Z A{dmgmH$So> PwH$Umar Amho.
Am`wdX} mMm {ZX}emH$ _m 0.76 hUOo {dmgmH$So> PwH$Umam Amho. `mM
AH$mV Am`wdX} hr H$em H$maMr AYlm Amho `mMo {ddaU H$aUmam boI Amho.
Vmo ~`mM OUmZm dmX Kmb`mgmaIm dm Cmo{YV dmQy> eHo$b Ago {XgVo.
EH$XarV gd}jUm_wio H$mhr ~m~r n> Pm`m AmhoV. gmYmaUnUo 30
Q>`m`m AmgnmgMm VU d gw{e{jV _amR>r _mUyg {ddoH$dmXm`m dmQ>do a Amho
Ago {XgVo. {ejUm_wio AYloMo _mU H$_r hmoVo Agohr òWo {XgVo.
`m mV AmYw{ZH$ AYlm Vnmg`m Jo`m Zh`m. H$Xm{MV `m_wio
ho _mU WmoSo> H$_r hmoD$ eH$Vo. VarXoIrb {ddoH$s Midirg ho {M Z$sM
AmemXm`H$ Agmdo. BVamZr gmW {X`mg AgoM A{YH$ `mnH$ gd}jU H$aVm
òBb d Cmao XoIrb OmV {Z{VnUo XoVm òVrb.
"If any remedy is tested under controlled scientific conditions and proved to be effective, it will cease to be alternative and
will simply become medicine. So called alternative medicine either
hasn't been tested or it has failed its tests."
[aMS> S>m{H$g
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RNP / NP City / 183 / 2009-20011

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