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khj ,jo;> nghOJ – 15

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Nf.v];.Mh;. fiy mwptpay; fy;Y}hp (jd;dhl;rp)
jpUr;nrq;NfhL – 637 215> jkpo;ehL> ,e;jpah.
www.ksrcas.net, www.ksrcasthamizh.blogspot.com
vidiyalmagazhine@gmail.com

tpbay; khj ,jo; - 15 1 brk;gh;; 2009

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23.11.2009 – ‘md;idah; jpdk;’ –
ftpij> vd;. fy;gdh Njtp ‡ fUj;J kly;fs;; ‡
30.11.2009 – ‘Kaw;rp’ - ftpij t.c.rp. gw;wpa fl;Liu ed;W. mjd;
topahf ehl;bw;Fioj;j ey;y
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cs;sq;fis tpbay; kW mwpKfk;
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ahsh; jpU. e. gukrptk; mth;fis Qh. ,sq;Nfhtd; Nghd;w khzth;fs;
mZfTk;. ehl;bw;Fj; Njit vd;gij tpbay;
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tpbay; khj ,jo; - 15 2 brk;gh;; 2009
itfiw tpbayhd ,e;j ,jOf;F vd; cooksillustrated ,jo; tiyj;
tho;jJ
; fs;. jsj;jpy; ek;ik ,ytrkhfg;
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ghh;itaplyhk;.
nghUs;. ,e;j tpbay; ,jo; ek; kdj;jpy;
cs;s fUj;Jf;fisAk; czh;TfisAk; rpwg;ghd czTfisr;
ntspr;rk;Nghl;L midtUf;Fk; fhl;LfpwJ. rikg;gJ gw;wpa nra;Kiw
jdpg;gl;l khzhf;fUila Mh;tj;ijj; tpsf;fj;jpidg; glf; fhl;rpapd;
J}z;b gilg;Gfisg; gilf;fr; topahfTk; ntsp apl;Ls;sdh;.
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nghd;tpoh gy fhzNtz;Lk;. ghh;itapl Ntz;Lnkd;why; re;jh
-n[. nrse;jpuuh[d; nrYj;jp cWg;gpduhf Ntz;Lk;.
Mq;fpy ,yf;fpaj;Jiw Kjyhz;L.
cookscountry vd;w tiyj;

jsj;jpy; rpwg;ghd czTfisr;
nra;Ak; Kiwfs; kw;Wk;
t iy c yh tpguf;Fwpg;Gfs; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
americastestkitchen vd;w tiyj;
,e;jg; gFjpapy;> gaDs;s kw;Wk; jsj;jpy; mnkhpf;fj; njiyf;
Ritahd
Rita hd tiyg;gf;fq;fs; (Web sites), fhl;rpapy; xspgug;ghd rikay;fiy
tiyg;G+f;fs; (Web blogs) gw;wp njhlh;ghd epfo;rr ; pfisf; fhzyhk;.
mwpKfk; nra;fpd;Nwhk;. cookscountrytv.com vd;w tiyj;

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Ritglr;
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rikay; fiy tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
cooksillustrated vd;w Mq;fpy ,Ukhj jw;NghJ ,j;jsq;fis 14
,jo; 1993 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; ehl;fSf;F kl;Lk; ,ytrkhfg;
njhlh;eJ; 17Mz;Lfshf ntsp ghh;itapl mDkjp je;Js;sdh;.
tUfpwJ. ,e;j ,jopd; tiyj;jsk; americastestkitchen bookstore vd;w
gpd;tUk; ehd;F tiyj;jsq;fNshL tiyj;jsj;jpy; rikay; fiy
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http://www.cookscountry.com/ top mg;Gj;jfq;fis thq;fTk;
http://www.americastestkitchen.com/ ,aYk;.
http://www.cookscountrytv.com/
jpU. g. rutzd;> jkpo; tphpTiuahsh;
http://www.americastestkitchen.com/
bookstore


tpbay; khj ,jo; - 15 3 brk;gh;; 2009
 M a; T f; f l; L iu jq;fs; tPLfspy; ,Ue;j tpij
jhdpaq;fisAk; fhLfspy;
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ehl;lhh; kior; rlq;F Fwpj;j Ma;T
Kidth; n[. n[athzp= fz;l Nghnjy;yhk; thba
jkpo; tphpTiuahsh; ts;syhiug; Nghy’ nfhj;Jf;fhuu;
‘cOJz;L tho;tNu tho;thu;’ vd;w vd;W miof;ff;$ba Cu;jj ; iytu;
ts;Stu; ngUe;jifapd; Nghw;WjYf;F fpuhk kf;fspd; tho;Nt Nfs;tpf;
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cOtpj;Jk; tho;gtu;fs;. ,t; Gul;lhrp khjj;jpy; jhd; eilngWk;.
ciog;gpw;F mbg;gilahf miktJ ,g;nghOjpy; Cu;kf;fs; nghd;du;
ePNu. ePUf;F mbg;gil kioNa. rq;fu; ghl;L> fhj;jtuhad; ghl;L
mk;kioia ek;gpNa nfhq;Fehl;L itf;fyhk; vd MNyhridf;
cotu; ngUkf;fspd; tho;f;if $Wtu;. NtWrpyu; ,jw;fhd nryT
mike;jpUf;fpwJ. f&u; khtl;lk; kpFjpahFk; vd;gu;. gpd; kw;nwhUtu;
Ntl;lkq;fyk; fpuhkj;jpYs;s ,g;gQ;rfhyj;jpy; vg;NghJk; vLf;Fk;
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,f;fl;Liuapy; Muhag;gLfpwJ. nfhs;tu;. Cu;jj ; iytu; ‘ngsu;zkp
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vd;W fpuhkg;Gw kf;fspd; Kjd;ikj; KOepyT ehspw;F ,uz;lhk; ehs;
njhopiy ts;Stu; fhiy fd;dpg; ngz;fs; Fspj;J
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ngupa ghid> ghidia
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Mq;Nf Mfpatw;why; ,sk; ngz;fs; vy;yh
gRk;Gy; jiyfhz;gJ mupJ”
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kf;fs; kioapid Ntz;Lfpd;wdu;. mLj;jLj;j tPlb
; w;Fr; nry;tu;.
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fpuhkj; jiytupd; nraw;ghL cg;gpy;yhj NrhNw ghidapy;
Cw;wg;gLk;. mjpy; ntq;fhaKk;

tpbay; khj ,jo; - 15 4 brk;gh;; 2009

fye;J Cw;Wtu;. NrhW thq;fr;
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KJepiy
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itaj; jiyiknfhs;
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,sep
,sepiy
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rpijah neQ;Rnfhs;
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fl;Liufis Ie;J gf;fq;fSf;F
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NjhWk;
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Kwk;> tpsf;FkhW Nghd;wtw;iwg; 04.45 kzptiu fy;Y}hpg; Gy;ntsp
muq;fpy; nghd;khiyg; nghOJ
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vy;iyf;Fr; nry;tu;. mt;thW
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“thbfsh ngz;LfNs - ehk; mioj;J tUtu;. mg;NghJ>
tdthrk; nrd;wpLNthk;

tpbay; khj ,jo; - 15 6 brk;gh;; 2009

 “NgAija;ah NgAJ kiof;fhfg; nghq;fy; itj;J
Nga;kioAk; NgAJ ,iwtid Ntz;Lfpd;wdu;.
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cyfnkq;Fk; NgAJ
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rPik vq;Fk; NgAJ ks;snuy;yhk; $bAs;Nshk; jhNa!
rPik vq;Fk; NgQ;rkio khjk; %d;W kio nghopa
nry;y kio NgAJ” tUlk; %d;W G+ tpisa
vdf; Fiwthd kio nga;Ak; te;jUs; je;jpLtha; ePNa!
fhyq;fspy; epide;J nfhz;Nl ,b,bf;f kio nghopa
,UfiuAk; nghq;fptu
mtutu; tPlb ; w;Fr; nry;tu;. kiog; te;jUs; je;jpLtha; ePNa!”
nga;ahky; Nghdhy; mk;%jhl;bia vd;W ,g;ghly; nja;tj;jpd; mUshy;
ngupa nrhk;gpy; ePuf ; ; nfhz;L tur; kio nga;Ak; vd;w kf;fspd;
nra;J mij mf;fd;dpg; ngz;fs; ek;gpf;ifiaf; fhl;Ltjhf cs;sJ.
Nky; njspf;f mtu;fs; kio nga;AJ
kio nga;AJ vd xNu Fuypy; ‘kio Ntz;b kior;
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Nehf;fpr; nry;tu;. kioiag; nga;tpg;ghs;’ vd;gJ
mf;fpuhk kf;fspd; mirf;f Kbahj
kioj;
kioj; njhlu;ghd gonkhopfs; ek;gpf;ifahf ,Ue;J tUfpwJ. rpy
cotu;fs; ve;jf; fhyj;jpy;
Neuq;fspy; ,t;topghL ngha;jJ ; g;
vg;nghOJ vt;tsT kio nga;Ak;
NghdhYk; gy Neuq;fspy; kiog;
vd;gijf; fzpj;Jf; $Wk;
,ay;Gilatu;fshf ,Ue;jpUf;fpd;wdu;. nga;J mtu;fis tho;tpf;fTk;
nra;fpwJ.
“rpj;jpiu kio rpd;dg;gLj;Jk;”
“Mtzp mOifj; J}uy;”

“Ig;grp mil kio” ftpij:
“fhu;jj; pif fdkio”
“gq;Fdp kio gj;Jf;Fk; el;lk;” tho;jJ
;
“me;jp kio mOjhYk; tplhJ” “ehDk; thioAk;
“gdpapUe;jhYk; kioapy;iy” xd;Wjhd;.
“khu;fop kio kz;Zf;fhfhJ”
“Mb miu kio”
,UtUk;
,g;gonkhopfspd; %yk; cotu; tho;fi
; fia ,oe;J tpl;L
fSf;F kioapd; kPjpUf;Fk; mwpT thrypy; epw;fpd;Nwhk; -
GydhfpwJ. tho;jJ; r; nrhy;y”
vk;. nfshp>
kio gw;wpa ek;gpf;if ,sq;fiy Kjyhz;L
Jfpypay; kw;Wk; Miltbtikg;Gj;Jiw
Jiw
kioapdhy; tsk; ngUFk;. ehLk;

nropf;Fk; vd ek;Gk; ,t;tpd kf;fs;

tpbay; khj ,jo; - 15 7 brk;gh;; 2009

 Biochemistry is a field of enormous
E} y; m wp K f k;; fascination and utility, arising, no doubt,
LEHNINGER from our own self-interest. Human
PRINCIPLES OF BIOCHEMISTRY welfare, particularly its medical and
Vth Edition
nutritional aspects, has been vastly
David L. Nelson Michael M. Cox improved by our rapidly growing
understandings of Biochemistry. Indeed,
scarcely a day passes without the report
of biomedical discovery that benefits a
significant proportion of humanity.
Further advances in this rapidly
expanding field of knowledge will no
doubt lead to even more spectacular
gains in our ability to understand nature
and control our destinies.
Professor, Professor, This book is intended to provide with
B.A., St. Olaf B.A., University of a through grounding in biochemistry. In
College; Delaware
the Twenty six years since the first
Ph.D., Stanford Ph.D., Brandeis
Medical School University edition of Principles of Biochemistry was
published by Albert Lehninger, has
571B Biochemistry 341B Biochemistry
Addition Addition served as the starting point and the
Department of Department of model for the four subsequent editions.
Biochemistry Biochemistry
433 Babcock Drive 433 Babcock Drive Before twenty five years ago not a
Madison, Madison, single genome have been sequenced,
WI 53706-1544. USA WI 53706-1544. USA
not a single membrane protein had been
solved by crystallography, and not a
single knockout mouse existed.
Ribosome had just been discovered,
PCR technologies introduced the field
of biochemistry has continued its
phenomenal and rapidly accelerating
growth. This remarkable expansion of
our knowledge, the work of thousands of
talented and dedicated Scientist, has
been characterized by numerous
enrichment of almost every aspects of
the field.

tpbay; khj ,jo; - 15 8 brk;gh;; 2009

 th
This 5 edition contains
photographs of 31 Nobel laureates who
have received their prizes
Chemistry/Physiology/Medicine since that
first edition of Principles of Biochemistry.
Lehningers Biochemistry is the
threshold of a new molecular physiology in
which process such as membrane
excitation secretion, hormone action,
vision, gestation, olfaction, respiration,
muscle contraction and cell movement will
be explicable in molecular terms and will
become accessible to genetic dissection
and pharmacological manipulation.
RECENT ADVANCES INCLUDED
o New discussion of AMYLOID
DISEASE in the context of protein
folding (Chapter 4)
o New section on Pharmaceuticals
developed from an understanding of
enzyme mechanism, using Penicillin
and HIV protease inhibitor as example.
(Chapter 6)
o New discussion of on sugar analogs
as drug that target viral
neuraminidase. (Chapter 7)
o New material on Green fluorescent
protein. (Chapter 9)
o New section on liposome’s. (Chapter
10)
o New section on emerging role of
ribose 5 phosphate as a central
regulator of glycol sis and
gluconeogenesis. (Chapter 15)
o New section on role of Transcription
factor (PPARs) in regulation of lipid
catabolism. (Chapter 17)
o Revised and updated section of fatty
acid syntheses including new
tpbay; khj ,jo; - 15
the structural confirmation on FAS I.
(Chapter 21)
for o New section on expanded
understanding of the role of RNA in
cells. (Chapter 26)
o New information on the roles of
RNA in protein biosynthesis.
(Chapter 27)
BIOCHEMICAL METHODS INCLUDED
An appreciation of biochemistry often
requires an understanding of how
biochemical information is obtained.
Some of the new methods or updates
described in this edition are.
o Use of MALDI-MS in determination
of oligosaccharide structure.
(Chapter 7)
o Forensic DNA analysis, a major
update covering Modern STR
analysis. (Chapter 9)
o More information on microarray
(Chapter 9)
o Use of tags for protein analysis and
purification. (Chapter 9)
o Development of bacterial strains
with altered genetic codes, for site
specific insertion of novel amino
acids into proteins. (Chapter 27)
In this edition each and every chapter
has been thoroughly revised and
updated to include the most important
advances in Biochemistry.
Mr. M. Prasanna Rajeshkumar
Lecturer in Biotechnology


9 brk;gh;; 2009
 f tp ij MWtopr; rhiyNahuj;jpy; mbgl;L
caph;fF NghuhLfpwhh;h;
; g; NghuhLfpwh
‡ m`pk;
; rapd; epiy ‡
m`pki Kjpath;.
V. uQ;rpj;> mtiuj;
mti uj; jhz;br; nry;fpwhd;
,sq;fiy Kjyhz;L Mq;fpyk; ve;j xU nghWg;Gkpy;yhj
,isQd;.
vspath;fs; Ve;Jk; tYtpyhf;
iffisg;
iffisg; Gwf;fzpj;J
NfhapYf;
NfhapYf;Fy; nrd;W
cz;baypy; NghLfpwhd;
Nfhb &gha;.
hNt!!
X kfhj;khNt
tpLjiyf;fhf hfg;
g; ghLgl;L
tPukuzk; cw;whYk;
vk; tPLk; ehLk;
tsk; ngwr; nra;jhP !;

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kf;fs; khwptpl;lhh;fs;. Ntl;ifia tpijahf;fp
MdhYk; kwf;fg;gl ltpy;
tpy;iy eP. cjpuj;ij cukpl;L
tpistpj;
vk;Kd;Ndhh; tpis tpj;j
kJf;fil tpLKiwapy; ,e;jr; Rje;jpur; Nrhiy
epr;rakha; ,dpAk; ca;a topAz;Nlh? ”
epidf;fg;gLLf
fpwha;.
ehzakha; tho;ej ; ha;.
ehzaj;jpYk; tho;fpwha;.
vq;fsplk;
eh eak; nfl;Lg; Nghr;R.
RaeyNk Rthrkhr;R.
cg;G rj;ahfpufk;
elj;jpdha;. ,th;fNsh
cg;Gr; rg;G ,y;yhjJf;Fk;
cz;zh tpujk; ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;.
eP tsh;jj
; m`pk;irg; gaph;

tpise;j ,e;jg; G+kpapy;
Nghuhba
czTf;fhf Nghuhb a fhyk; Ngha;
capUf;fhfg; NghuhLk; fhyk; te;
tej
; J!
J!
hzg
fy;ahz g; Gifg;glk;
iff;F te;J NrUKd;


kzg;ngz;zpd; glj;Jf;F
khl;L
kyh;khiy khl khkpahh;.;
; fpwhs; khkpahh

tpbay; khj ,jo; - 15 10 brk;gh;; 2009

 $l;lk; eilngUk;. ,dpg;Gfis
‡fpwp
fpwpj;
fpwpj;Jtg;; gz;bif‡
if gfph;eJ
; cz;gh;.
F. ejpaurp> gpwh; eyj;jpw;fhfj; jpahfq;fs; gy
,sq;fiy Kjyhz;L Mq;fpyk; nra;j ,NaR fpwpj;Jtpd; gpwe;jehs;
midtUf;Fk; md;igAk; jpah
fpwpj;Jt kjj;jpd; flTshff; fj;ijAk; Nghjpf;Fk; ehshFk;.
fUjg;gLgtUk; jpahfj;jpd; jpU mth; fhl;ba topapy; ehKk;
TUtkha; tpsq;FgtUkhd ,NaR elg;Nghk;.
fpwpj;Jtpd; jpUehNs fpwpj;Jtj;;

jpUehshff; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ. ‡ ,NaRtpd; nghd;nkhopfs; ‡
A+jh;fSk; ,d;Dk; rpykf;fSk; gy J. RNu~;>
%lek;gpf;iffisAk; Raeyj;ijAk; ,sq;fiy Kjyhz;L Mq;fpyk;
nfhz;bUe;jdh;. ,jdhy; rKjhak;  rj;jpaj;jpw;F tpNuhjkha;g; ngha;
gy ,d;dy;fSf;F Mshapd. nrhy;yhkypUq;fs;.
mf;nfhLikia xopf;Fk; nghUl;L  fh;jj ; Uf;F Kd;ghfj; jho;
n[UrNyk; efhpy; fd;dp khpahSf;F ikg;gLq;fs;> mg;nghOJ mth;
kfshf mtjhpj;jth; ,NaRngUkhd;. cq;fis cah;jJ ; thh;.
rpy E}W tUlq;fSf;F Kd;Gtiu  tpUe;J tPlL ; f;Fg; NghtjpYk; Jf;f
fpwpj;Jtj;; jpUehs; gy;NtW ehLfspy; tPlL; f;Fg; NghtJ eyk;. ,jpNy
gy;NtW jpdq;fspy; nfhz;lhlg;gl;L vy;yh kdpjhpd; KbTk; fhzg;gLk;.
capNuhbUf;fpwtd; ,ijj; jd;
te;jJ. Mdhy; cyfpYs;s fpwpj;Jt
kdjpNy rpe;jpg;ghd;.
rigapdh; midtUk; xd;W$b brk;gh;
 xU fhhpaj;jpd; Jtf;fj;ijg;
25Mk; ehis fpwpj;J gpwe;j ehshf ghh;ff ; pYk;> mjd; Kbit Nahrpg;gJ
mwptpj;jdh;. ey;yJ.
 ngUikAs;stidg; ghh;ff
; pYk;>
nghWikAs;std; cj;jkd;.
 fz;zN P uhNl tpijf;fpwth;fs;
fk;guP j;NjhNl mWg;ghh;fs;.
 Nrhk;NgwpNa> eP vWk;gpdplj;jpy;
Ngha;> mjd; topfisg; ghh;jJ ; >
RWRWg;igf; fw;Wf; nfhs;.
 xUtd; cd;id tyJ fd;dj;jpy;
miwe;jhy;> mtDf;F kW
fd;dj;ijAk; jpUg;gpf; nfhL.
brk;gh; khjk; cyfpd; gyghfq;fspy;
Fsph; fhykhFk;. mf;fhy fl;lj;jpy;
gy fpwpj;Jth;fs; ,uT gy ghly;fis fh;jj
; h; $wpa nghd;nkhopfisf;
,irj;jgb xt;nthU tPLfspYk; filg;gpbj;J tho;Nthk;. mid
nrd;W tho;j
; J
; njhptpf;fpd;wdh;. tUf;Fk; fpwpj;Jgpwe;jehs; tho;j;
tPLfspy; gy tz;z tpsf;Ffis Jfs;.
vhpatpLfpd;wdh;. fpwpj;J gpwe;j
ehsd;W Nguhyaq;fspy; gpuhh;jj ; id

tpbay; khj ,jo; - 15 11 brk;gh;; 2009
 0.48%. Much higher rates are found
F W q; f l; L iu among people attending STD clinics
‡AIDS‡ (3.6%), female sex workers (5.1%),
Started on 1st December 1988, World injecting drug users (7.2%) and men
AIDS Day is about raising money, who have sex with men (7.4%).
increasing awareness, fighting prejudice AIDS Stands for Acquired Immune
and improving education. The World AIDS Deficiency Syndrome. Acquired means
Day theme for 2009 is 'Universal Access you can get infected with it Immune
and Human Rights'. World AIDS Day is Deficiency means a weakness in the
important in reminding people that HIV has body’s System that fights diseases.
not gone away, and that there are many Syndrome means a group of health
things still to be done. problems that make up a disease. AIDS
is caused by a virus called HIV get
According to UNAIDS estimates, Infected with HIV. Your
there are now 33.2 million people body will try to fight the
living with HIV, including 2.5 million infection. It will make
children. During 2007 some 2.5 “Antibodies”, special
million people became newly molecules.
infected with the virus. Around half
of all people who become infected A blood test for HIV looks
with HIV do so before they are 25 for these antibodies. If you
and are killed by AIDS before they have them in your blood, it
are 35. means that you have HIV
infection.People who have the HIV
Around 2.3 antibodies are
million people in cyf mstpy; brk;gh; 1Mk; Njjp called “HIV-
India are living va;l]
; ; tpopg;Gzh;T ehshf Positive”.
mwptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
with HIV. Of
these, an jkpo;ehL va;l;]; fl;Lg;ghl;Lr; You don’t
estimated 39% rq;fj;jpd; jpl;l ,af;Feh; jpU. actually get
are female and tp[aFkhh;> “2001Mk; Mz;Lf; “AIDS”. You
fzf;nfLg;gpd;gb> jkpof kf;fs;
3.5% are njhifapy; vr;.I.tp. Nehahy; might get
children. The ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fs; 1.25 tpOf;fhL infected with
average HIV
,Ue;jdh;. jw;NghJ 0.26 tpOf;fhlhf hlhff;
f; HIV and later
Fiwe;Jtpl;ldh;” vd;W kfpo;rr
; pahd
prevalence fUj;ijj; njhptpj;Js;shh;. you might
among women develop AIDS.
attending antenatal clinics in India is The blood, vaginal fluid, semen, and

tpbay; khj ,jo; - 15 12 brk;gh;; 2009

breast milk of people infected with HIV has
enough of the virus in it to infect other F W q; f l; L iu
people. Most people get the HIV virus by :
Having sex with an infected person. ‡ Rdhkp ‡
Sharing a needle with someone whe’s F. ejpaurp>
infected. being born when their mother is ,sq;fiy Kjyhz;L Mq;fpyk;
infected or drinking the breast milk of an ,e;jpa kf;fs; ,Jtiu Nfl;buhj
infected women. ngah; Rdhkp. 2004 Mk; Mz;L
brk;gh; khjk; ,e;jpah kl;Lkd;wp
You might not know if you get infected cyfk; KOtJk;
by HIV some people get fever, Headache, nra;jpj;jhs;fspYk; jpUk;gj; jpUk;gf;
sore muscles and joints, stomach ache, $wg;gl;lJ.
swollen lymph glands, or a skin rash for Rdhkp vd;gJ [g;ghdpa thh;ji ; j.
one or two weeks. Most people thing it’s Nguopit cz;lhf;Fk; uhl;rj fly;
the flu. Some people have no symptoms. miyfis [g;ghd; nkhopapy; Rdhkp
vd;W miog;gh;.
HIV disease becomes AIDS when your 2004 Mk; Mz;L brk;gh; khjk;
immune system is seriously damaged. If 26Mk; Njjp Rdhkp vd;dk; ,aw;ifr;
you have loss than 200 CD4 Cells or if rPww
; j;jhy; Mapuf;fzf;fhd kf;fs;
your ID4 percentage is less than 14% you khz;ldh;.
have AIDS. See you have AIDS. There is fpof;fpe;jpa jPthd Rkj;uhtpy;
an “official” list of these opportunistic
kpff; Nfhukhd ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;jpa
Rdhkp miyfs; jkpofj;jpy;
infections put out by the centers for
ehfg;gl;bdk;> fhiuf;fhy;>
Disease control (CDC). The most common
fd;dpahFkhp> Fsr;ry;> Nfushtpy;
ones are: PCP – a lung infection , KS – a
rpy flw;fiug; gFjpfspYk;
skin cancer , CMV – an infection that
ehrj;ij Vw;gLj;jpd. fly;
usually affect the eyes.
miyfs; ngUk; rPww ; k; nfhz;L
jiug;gFjpf;F te;jjhNyNa ,e;jg;
There is no cure for AIDS. There are
NguopT Vw;gl;lJ. Rkhh; 100
drugs that can slow down the HIV virus
Mz;LfSf;Fg; gpd;dh; ,g;NguopT
and Slow down the damage to your Vw;gl;Ls;sJ.
immune system. There is no way to “clear”
fhuzk;: flYf;Fs; epyeLf;fk;
the HIV out of you body.
Vw;gLk;NghJ flYf;Fs; ,Uf;Fk;
- N. Priya, I -BA English
Thanks : http://www.avert.org/ epyj;jpy; rpy,lq;fs; NklhfTk;> rpy
,lq;fs; jho;eJ ; k; NghFk;. ,e;j
jpBh; khw;wj;jhy; fly;ePh; kl;lk; rpy

,lq;fspy; cah;eJ
; k;> rpy

tpbay; khj ,jo; - 15 13 brk;gh;; 2009

,lq;fspy; jho;eJ ; k; NghFk;. fly; ePh; Tsunami, Asian Tsunami, Indonesian
kl;lk; caUk;NghJ me;jg; gFjpfspy; Tsunami and Boxing Day Tsunami.
uhl;rj miyfs; tPRk;. mt;thW tPrpa Meganitude: 9.3 Mw, Depth: 30 Km
uhl;rj miyfs; fliy xl;ba (19mi)
epyg;gug;gpw;Fs; GFe;J Nguopit Epicenter Location: 3.316 N 95.854 E,
cz;lhf;Fk;. mJNghy flYf;Fs; Type: undersea, Countries/regions
epyk; jho;eJ; NghFk; ,lq;fspy; Affected: Indonesia (mainly in Aceh), Sri
fly;ehP k
; l;lk; mkpo;eJ ; NghFk;. me;j Lanka, India (mostly in T.N), Thailand and
,lq;fspy; fly; ePuhdJ epyg;gug;ig Maldives.
tpl;L cs;thq;fpg; NghFk;. The U.S Geological Surway initially
eltbf;if: ,aw;ifapd; rPww; khd recorded the toll as 283,100 killed,
epyeLf;fk;> kio> ,b Nghd;wtw;iw 14.100 missing, and 1,126,900 people
Kd;$l;bNa mwpAk; rhjdq;fis displaced. However, more recent
flw;fiu gFjpfspy; mikf;f Ntz;Lk;. analysis compiled by the United Nations
flw;fiuNahuq;fspy; tho;gth;fF
; lists a total of 229,866 people lost,
Nguiyfs; jhf;fhj tz;zk; including 186,983 dead and 42,883
FbapUg;Gfis toq;f Ntz;Lk;. ,J missing.
Nghd;w eltbf;iffis murhq;fk;

Nkw;nfhz;Ls;sJ. NkYk; Mo;Foha;
fpzWfs; Njhz;Ljy;> epyj;jpDs;
,Uf;Fk; rkepiyia Fiyj;jy;
Nghd;w kdpjdhy; cUthf;fg;gLk; ,jo; - 16> rdthp 2010
Neh;fhzy;
Nrjq;fis epWj;Jtjd; %yk; ek;ik o ftpQh; f. Nkhfduq;fd; - <NuhL
ehk; ,aw;ifr; rPww
; q;fspypUe;J nry;tp.n[.ghujp>
jkpo;jJ
; iw tphpTiuahsh;.
fhg;ghw;wpf; nfhs;syhk;. rpwg;Gf; fl;Liufs;
o NeNdh njhopy; El;gk; - mwpKfk;
2004 INDIAN OCEAN EARTHQUAKE jpU.gpurd;duhN[];Fkhh;>
N. Priya , I BA English tphpTiuahsh;>
caph;jn; jhopy; El;gj; Jiw.
o khyjp ikj;hpapd; ngz;zpathpfs;
The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake was nry;tp.r.ghf;fpayl;Rkp>
jkpo;jJ
; iw tphpTiuahsh;.
an undersea mega thrust earthquake that o vjph;fhyj;jpy; kdpjDk; kUe;Jk;
accurred at 00.58.53 UTC on December jpU. K. uhk;Nkhfd;>; KJepiy
26, 2004, with an epicenter off the west
tphpTiuahsh;> caph;jn
; jhopy;
El;gj;Jiw.
coast of Sumatra, Indonesia, The zuake o ePuopT Neha; - tphpthd tpsf;fk;
itself is known by the Scientyfic Community Kidth; [p.gp. nre;jpy; Fkhh;>;
tphpTiuahsh;>caph;Ntjpapay;J
; iw.
as The Sumatra-Andaman earth Quake.
The resulting itself is given various
names, including the 2004 Indian Ocean

tpbay; khj ,jo; - 15 14 brk;gh;; 2009

 kUj;Jtj;Jiwapy; Gul;rp cWg;Gfspy; Vw;gLk; FiwghLfis
‡tho; nlk; nry;; ‡
tho;it tskhf;Fk; ];nlk; rPuikg;gJ (Organ
( Repair)
jpU.
jpU. K. uhk;Nkhfd;> ];nlk;nry; vd;gJ gynry;
KJepiy tphpTiuahsh;> caphpdq;fsplj;jpy; cs;sJ. ,e;j
caph;j; njhopy;El;gj;Jiw ];nlk;nry;fisg; gad;gLj;jp
thfd cjphpghfq;fspy; Vw;gLk;
FiwghLfisr;; rhpnra;J (Repair)
kWgbAk; thfdq;fisr; rPuikg;gJ
Nghy> ,g;nghOJ caphpj;
njhopy;El;gk; topahf kdpjDila
cWg;Gfspy; my;yJ jirfspy;
Vw;gLk; FiwghLfisr; rhpnra;J
nfhs;s KbAk;;.
James A. Thomson
Director of Regene
rative Biology,
Morgridge Institute for
Research, KiwNa Gw;WNeha;>; %isapy;
University of Wisconsin
Stem Cell and Vw;gLk; rpijT> jz;Ltlj;jpy;
Regenerative Medicine (Spinal Cord) Vw;gLk; fhak;> rh;f;fiu
Center. (UW-SCRMC)
Neha;> fhypy; Vw;gLk; gpur;rpidfs;
(Bone marrow) vYk;G kQ;i[apy;
N[k;]; V. jhk;rd; vd;gth;> 1998
Vw;gLk; gpur;rpidfis vt;thW
Mk; Mz;L Kjd; Kjypy; kdpjdpd;
jPhf
; f
; KbAk; vd;gJ gw;wpAk;>
fUtpy; ,Ue;J fU ];nlk;nry;iyg;
];nlk;nry; vg;gb cUthfpd;wJ>
gphpj;J vLj;jhh;. ,e;j Muha;rr ; papd;
mtw;wpd; tiffs; kw;Wk;
%ykhf kdpj cWg;Gfspy; Vw;gLk;
gad;fisg; gw;wpAk; ,dpf;
rpijTfis ];nlk;nry; %ykhfr;
fhz;Nghk;.
rhpnra;J rPuikj;Jf; nfhs;s KbAk;
,g;glk; fUtpypUe;J ngwf;$ba
vd;W $wpdhh;;.
];nlk; nry; gy;NtW tsh;rr ; pij
(Cell Division) khw;wj;jpdhy; xU
KOikahd cly; cWg;gpid
vt;thW ngWfpd;wJ vd;gij
tpsf;FfpwJ. cjhuzk;> fU
];nlk;nry; Rkhuhf 50 Kjy; 100
nry;fs; Kjypy; Njhd;wp> gpd;G
xt;nthU nry;Yk; jd;Dila jpwd;
%ykhf ntt;NtW tpjkhd kdpj
];nlk;nry;
cly; cWg;Gfisg; ngWtjw;fhd

tpbay; khj ,jo; - 15 15 brk;gh;; 2009

midj;J nray;fisAk; jpwk;gl Muha;rr ; pf; $lj;jpy; tsh;jJ; >
nrayhw;WfpwJ. mjid nry; khw;W mWitrpfpr;ir
];nlk;nry; tiffs; cell Transplantion vd;W
];nlk;nry;fis ,uz;L nrhy;yf;$ba nray;jpwdhy;
tiffshfg; gphpf;fyhk;. mit: kdpjdpd; cWg;Gfspy; Vw;gLk;
1.fUtpypUe;J vLf;fg;gLk; gpur;rpidfis KOikahfr; rhp
];nlk;nry;fs;. (Embryonic Stem cells)) nra;J nfhs;s Kbfpd;wJ. ,jid
2.Kjph;ej ; ];nlk;nry;fs;. tpbay; ,jopd; gpd;gf;f ml;ilapy;
(Adult Stem cells). cs;s glk; rpj;jphpf;fpd;wJ.
fUtpypUe;J vLf;fg;gLk; ];nlk;nry; ,e;j ];nlk; nry; Muha;rr ; papd;
(Embryonic Stem cell)) gadhf kdpjdpd; gpwg;Gf;F Kd;G
fUtpypUe;J vLf;fg;gLk; nry; fU ];nlk; nry; Kiwapd; %ykhf
khw;wk; milAk;NghJ gy;NtW fUtpypUe;Nj Neha; FiwghLfis
jpRf;fshf khwf;$ba jpwd; mfw;w KbAk;. Kjph;rr ; p mile;j
ngw;witfs;. fUtpypUe;J vLf;fg;gLk; kdpj cWg;Gfspy; Vw;gLk;
];nlk;nry;> gpsh];Nlhrp];l; FiwghLfis Kjph;ej ; ];nlk;nry;
(Blastocyst) vd;W nrhy;yf;$ba (Adult stem cell) %ykhf Fzg;gLj;j
,t;tifahd epiyapypUe;J KbAk; vd;gjidf; fPNo
(];nlk;nry;) xt;nthd;Wk; gy;NtW nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s glk; tpsf;fp
tifahd cWg;GfisAk;> kw;Wk; As;sJ.
jpRf;fisAk; cUthf;Ffpd;wJ.
(cjhuzk; ,Ujak;> rpWePufk;> kw;Wk;
%is ,it midj;Jk; ,q;Nf
nrhy;gg;gl;bUf;fpd;w fU];nlk;nry;
%ykhf Njhd;wpaitfs;)
Kjph;ej; ];nlk;nry; (Adult Stem cell)
xU kdpjd; KOtsh;r;rp mile;j
gpwF gy;NtW fhuzq;fshy;
mtDila cWg;Gfspy; rpijTfs;
Vw;gLfpd;wd. (cjhuzkhf euk;G>
,Ujak; ,uj;jj;jpy; Vw;gLk; Neha;fs;).
xU kdpjdpd; Neha; cz;lhd ,e;j ];nlk;nry; rpfpr;ir
nry;fspy; cs;s epA++f;spai] nrd;id uhkr;re;jpuh kUj;Jtf;
ntspNa vLj;Jtpl;L> MNuhf;fpkhd fy;Y}hpapy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L
nry;fspy; (somatic cells) cs;s tUfpwJ. gy ehLfspy; ,uj;j
epA+f;spai] ,izg;gJ somatic cell- tq;fpfs; NghyNt ];nlk;nry;
fusion vd;W nrhy;yf;$ba tq;fpfSk;; nray;gl;LtUfpd;wd.
Kiwapd;gb me;jr; nry;f
; is tho;f tsKld;!


tpbay; khj ,jo; - 15 16 brk;gh;; 2009
 murpd; tpUij Ie;J Kiw
(f)tpij
tpijfSk;
ijfSk; tpUl
tpUlr
; q;fSk; ngw;Ws;shu;.
epoy;fs;(1980) vDk; jpiug;
tpijnadj; jk; vz;zq;fis
kf;fspd; ,jaj;jpy; gjpar;nra;J> jk; glj;jpy; “nghd;khiy nghOJ”
fUj;J Nth;fis vq;Fk; gug;gpp>> vDk; ghliy Kjd;Kjypy; vOjpa
r%fj;jpy; tpUl;rkhf tsh;eJ
;
fhyj;ij ntd;W epw;Fk; ftpQh;fisg; ,tu; [dtup 2009 tiu 5800
gw;wpAk; mth;jk; ftpijfisg; gw;wpAk; ghly;fis vOjpAs;shu;. Kd;G
cq;fNshL gfph;eJ ; nfhs;Sk; nghUl;L ,isauh[TlDk; gpd;du; V.Mu;.
,g;gFjp njhlq;fg;gl;Ls;sJJ.. u`;khDlDk; ,tu; ,ize;J
‡ ituthpfs;; ‡ toq;fpag;
mopahg;
ghly;fs;
GfioAk;
fhyj;jhy;
gy
njhFg;G: nry;tp. r. ghf;fpayl;Rkp
jkpo; tphpTiuahsh; tpUJfisAk; ngw;Ws;sd. 1990,y;
fiykhkzp tpUJk; 2003 -
ituKj;J fs;spf;fhl;L ,jpfhrk; vd;w
ehtYf;fhf rhfpj;jpa mfhjkp
tpUJk; ngw;Ws;shh;.
jkpo;f; ftpijapd; neba
tuyhw;wpy; Afq;fs; re;jpj;j Xh;
Copf;fhyk; ituKj;J te;J Nrh;ej ;
fhyk;.
,yf;fzj;jhy; ,Wfpg;Nghd
Njdp khtl;lk; ngupaFsk; mUfpy; ftpij kuG vd;w fw;ghiwapd; kPJ
cs;s tLfg;gl;bapy; uhkrhkpf;Fk; vz;zq;fisr; Rke;J te;j etPdf;
mq;fk;khSf;Fk; kfdhfg; gpwe;jhu; ftp cyfpd; fly; miyfs; Nkhjpj;
ituKj;J. njwpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j Kul;Lf;
nrd;id gr;irag;gd; fy;Y}upapy; fhyk; mJ.
jkpo; ,yf;fpak; gapd;whu;. 1984y; mth; mb vLj;J itj;j
‘epoy;fs;’ jpiug;glj;jpy; ‘,J xU fhyj;jpy; tPrpa Copg; ngU
nts;sj;jpy; xUtd; fiue;J
nghd;khiy nghOJ..’ vdj; njhlq;Fk;
fhzhky; NghapUf;fyhk;. Mdhy;
ghliy Kjd; Kjypy; ,aw;wpdhu;.
mjpy; ,UeJ kPzn ; lOe;jth; ek;
,tUila kidtpapd; ngau;
ituKj;J. gpugQ;rj;jpd; midj;J
nghd;kzp. ,tUf;F ,U
fUf;fSk; CUf;nfhz;L ,thplj;J
kfd;fs;>ngau;fs; kjd; fhu;ff
; p>
ftpijahf cw;nwLf;fpd;wd. mtw;
fgpyd;.
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ituKj;J ([_iy 13> 1953) Gfo;
rpy gdpj;Jspfshf...
ngw;w jkpo;j; jpiug;gl
rpy vhpkiyf; Fok;Gfshf...
ghlyhrpupauhfTk; ftpQuhfTk; jpfOk;
,th; rpwe;j ghlyhrpupaUf;fhd ,e;jpa
tpbay; khj ,jo; - 15 17 brk;gh;; 2009
 gdpj;Jspaha; ek;ik rpyph;f;f fz;zhP py; mOtJ
itf;Fk; mthpd; nrhy; Jspfs; ,Njh jkpopdNk my;yth?
ek; fz;Kd;Nd... mbik <oj;jpy;
jk;gjpfsha; ,Ug;gpDk;
“mh;jj ; k; njhpahkNy
Rje;jpu <oj;jpy;
Nerpf;fg;gLk; xU
Njrpa nkhop fy;yiwfsha; ,Ug;Nghk;. ”
cdJ (Jg;ghf;fp vg;NghJ G+g;G+g;gJ – 1983)
koiy kl;LNk” ,J kl;Lk; my;y. ,e;jf; fUg;G
(eP Xa;ej; pUf;fyhfhJ ghg;gh -1982) kdpjDf;Fs; ,d;Dk; Mapukhapuk;
fk;gdpd; fw;gidiaAk; kpQ;rp neUg;Gg; gpok;Gfs; nfhjpj;Jf;
epw;Fk; ek; ftpQhpd; ftpij thpfs; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd.
,Njh fhl;rpfsha; ek; Kd;Nd mofha; “nfhQ;rk; ..
tphpfpd;wd. nfhQ;rk; jpUk;gpg; ghUq;fs;
“,njd;dlh ,J? Foe;ijapd; ifapy;
me;jg; ghiw KfLfspy; fj;jp
jz;zi P uj; Jitj;Jf; igj;jpaj;jpd; ifapy;
fhag; Nghl;lJ ahh;? Jg;ghf;fp
... ... ... ... ... ... Fbfhud; ifapy;
,we;J Nghd fk;gh Foe;ij
vOe;J th ,e;jpad; ifapy;
,Njh ghh; Xl;L
Foe;ij tsUk; tiu
jz;zhP pd; Aj;j fhz;lk;.”
igj;jpak; njspAk; tiu
(X.. eahfuh-1989)
Fbfhud; jpUe;Jk; tiu
ek; ftpij gdpj;Jspaha; kl;Lk;
Njh;jiy epWj;Jq;fs;
my;y. vhpkiyf;Fok;ngd ntbf;fTk; ,y;iy
nra;Ak;. Xh; <og; Nghuhspapd; fhjy; Njrj;ijf; nfhSj;Jq;fs;”
fbjNk ,jw;F rhl;rp: (ryitf;Fg; Nghlhj [dehafk;-1989)
“md;gNd! ,itaidj;Jk; mf;ftpQdpd;
cd; ftpij rKj;jpuj;jpy; ,Ue;J
Njhopia tpl njwpj;J tpOe;j rpWJspfs; kl;LNk.
Jg;ghf;fpia Nerpf;Fk;
RUq;ff; $wpd;>
NjhoNd!
ftpg; Nguurpd;
vd;NdhL
Ngdh Kidapy;
nkOFtj;jpfSk;
mOJ nfhz;bUf;Fk; khDlk; gpwf;fpwJ;
,e;j ,wg;G ,wf;fpwJ.
nky;ypa ,utpy; (tsUk;);
fbjj;jpy; tpOk; vd;
fz;zhP r; n
; rhl;L!

fbjj;jpy; mOtJ
nky;ypdKk; ty;ypdKk;jhd;!

tpbay; khj ,jo; - 15 18 brk;gh;; 2009

 gputhfnkLj;J jk;ik ehb tUk;
ep id t iy md;gh;fSf;F mKj tpUe;J
‡urid
urid kugpd; kd;dh; ‡ gilf;Fkhk;. b.Nf.rp.apd; moFj;
urpfkzp b.Nf. rpjk;guehj Kjypahh; jkpioAk; mtuJ Nkjh
jpU. g. rutzd; tpyhrj;ijAk; Nfl;L czh;eJ ;
jkpo; tphpTiuahsh;
kfpo;tjw;fhfNt jkpo;ehnlq;Fk;
ngUk;ghd;ikahd jkpowpQh;fs; ,Ue;J mwpQh; ngUkf;fs; mth;
jkpo; ,yf;fpa uridAilath;fshf ,y;yj;ij Nehf;fpg; gil
,Ug;gjpy;iy. mth;fs; jkpopy; naLg;ghh;fshk;. fk;guhkhazg; ghly;
uridKiwj; jpwdha;T tsh;tij fisg; gpioahfg; nghUs; czh;eJ ;
tpUk;gtpy;iy. Mjyhy;> mth;fs; toq;fpath;fNshL> b.Nf.rp. thjpl;Lg;
mjid tsutpltpy;iy. Gwq;fhzr; nra;jpUf;fpwhh;.
MfNt> jkpo; ,yf;fpa b.Nf.rp. vopypaypy;
tuyhw;wpy; jkpo; ,yf;fpa (Aesthetic) cs;sj;ijg;
uridahsUf;Fj; jdp ,lk; gwpnfhLj;jth;. Mjyhy;>
xJf;fg;gltpy;iy. jkpo; fk;guhkhzj;jpy; mjd;
,yf;fpa tuyhw;iw ntspg;gLj;Jk; ftpj; Jtj;jpw;F khR NeUk;
ve;j E}ypYk; jkpo; ,yf;fpa tifapy; ,ilr; nrUfshfr; rpy
uridahsh;fisg; gw;wpr; rpWFwpg;G$l ghly;fs; cs;sd vd;W Rl;bf;fhl;b
vOjg;gLtjpy;iy. jkpopy; mtw;iw ePq;fNtz;Lk; vd;W
Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;l ‘urid’ kugpd; gpbthjkhf ,Ue;jhh;. ,jdhy; gyuJ
KbR+lh kd;dh;> ‘fiy fiyf;fhfNt’ tpkh; rdq;fSf;F mth; cs;shf
vd;w Nfhl;ghl;bd; nray;tbtkhf Neh;ej
; J. rpy ghly;fisf; fise;J>
tpsq;fpath; urpfkzp b.Nf.rp. fk;guhkhazj;jpw;F nkU$l;bdhh; -
(Rasigamani T.K.Chidambaranatha Mudaliyar) fk;ghpd; fiyeaj;ijg; ghJfhj;jhh;.
Mthh;. b.Nf.rp. - tpNdhghghNt re;jpg;G
mth; tho;ej ; fhyj;jpy; mtiug; epfo;ej; J. mr; re;jpg;G gw;wp>
Nghw;wpath;fSk; J}w;wpath;fSk; tpNdhghghNt> “md;W mtiur;
,g;NghJ mtiu kwe;Jtpl;ldh;. re;jpj;j re;jpg;G vd;Dila
mtUf;Fg; gpd;dh; jkpopy; ‘urid’ kuG Qhgfj;jpy; kpfkpf mOj;jkhfg;
Njq;fptpl;lJ. mtiug; gw;wpa tpsf;ff; gjpe;Jfplf;fpwJ. mjw;F Kd; ehd;
Fwpg;ghf ,f;fl;Liu mikfpd;wJ. b.Nf.rp.iag; ghh;jj ; jpy;iy. Mdhy;>
Mz;LNjhWk; gUt fhyq;fspy; md;W mth; kdk;jpwe;J vd;NdhL
kl;LNk Fw;whyj;jpy; mUtpePh; nghq;fpg; ClhbaNghJ ePzl ; neLq;fhykhfg;
ngUfp XbtUk;. Mdhy; mNj gofpa ez;gh; mth; vd;w czh;T
Fw;whyj;jpy; Ie;jUtp rhiyapy; vdf;F Vw;gl;lJ. ntspg;
cs;s b.Nf.rp.apd; ,y;yj;jpy; gfl;ilnay;yhk; xJf;fpj; js;sp
ehs;NjhWk; jkpo; mUtp nghq;fpg; tpl;Lf; ftpijapd; ,jaj;Jbg;ig

tpbay; khj ,jo; - 15 19 brk;gh;; 2009

mg;gb mg;gbNa vLj;Jf;$wf; $ba Nrh;eJ; s;sdh;. mth;fis tpiyf;F
th;. mtiug; Nghd;w u]pfiuf; thq;ff; fy;Y}hp eph;thfk; &.57>272
fhz;gJ mhpjpDk; mhpJ.” vd;W nryT nra;Js;sJ. mth;fSs; 57
ePjpgjp lhf;lh;. v];. kfuh[d; (Justice. Ngiu ,Jtiu ahUNk vLj;Jg;
gad;gLj;jtpy;iy vd;gJ
Dr. S.Maharajan) vd;gtUf;F `pe;jp
vq;fSf;F tUj;jkspj;jhYk; 169
nkhopapy; vOjpa fbjj;jpy;
Ngiu %d;W Kiwf;FNky; vLj;Jg;
Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;. tpNdh ghghNtapd;
gad; gLj;jpAs;sdh; vd;gJ
$w;wpypUe;J b.Nf.rp.apd; urid
vq;fSf;F kfpo;rr ; piaj; je;Js;sJ.
Moj;ij czu KbfpwJ.
vq;fsidtiuAk; gbj;jNjhL
ePjpgjp lhf;lh; v];. kfuh[d;
kl;Lk; ,Ue;Jtplhky; vq;fspd;
mth;fs; b.Nf.rp.Ald;
gf;fq;fis xspefy;
neUq;fpa njhlh;Gilath;.
gpujpnra;Jk; gyh;
mth; b.Nf.rp. gw;wp 16
gad;gLj;jptUfpd;wdh;.
fl;Liufis vOjpAs;shh;.
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mf; fl;Liufisj; njhFj;J>
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nrd;id thdjp gjpg;gfk;
nra;ag;gl;l vq;fs;
“u]Q;Qhdp b.Nf.rp.” vd;w
gf;fq;fspd; vz;zpf;if
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E}yhf 1990Mk; Mz;L Jtjw;fhf xt;nthU ,sq;fiy
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Xh; urpfiu EZf;fkhf urpf;f cjTk; KJfiy khzhf;fUf;F 4
Xh; Mtzk;. ml;ilfSk; Muha;rr; p khzhf;

fh;fSf;F 6 ml;ilfSk; Mrphpah;
E} y f M a; T fSf;F 8ml;ilfSk; mYtyfg;
E}yfj;
ekJ fy;Y}hp Kjd;ik E}yf j;jpy; gzpahsh;fSf;F 2ml;ilfSk;
cs;s rpwg;ghd trjpfs; kw;Wk; mjd; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd. me;j ml;il
Jhpj Nrit Fwpj;Jj; njhlh;rr ; pahf
tpbaypy; ntspapl;LtUfpd;Nwhk;. ,j; fisf; ftdf;Fiwthfj; jtw
jifa Ma;Tfs; ahiuAk; Gz;gLj; tpl;lth;fs; nkhj;jk; 14Ngh;.
Jtjw;fhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLgit mth;fSs; 4Ngh; ,sq;fiyiaAk;
my;y; ek;ikehNk Rag
RaghpNrhjid
nra;J nfhs;tjw;fhfj;jhd;. 8Ngh; KJfiyiaAk; rhh;ej ; th;fs;.
‡ E}y;fspd; thf;F%yk;‡ 2Ngh; Mrphpah;fs; vd;gJ
tpbay; khzth; FO Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
fy;Y}hp E}yfj;jpy; ,g;NghJ (thf;F%yk; njhlUk;)
ehq;fs; 22>556 Ngh; cs;Nshk;. fle;j

MWkhj fhyj;jpy; ([_d; 01Mk;
NjjpKjy; etk;gh; 30Mk; Njjptiu)
vq;fSld;; 370Ngh; Gjpjhf te;J
tpbay; khj ,jo; - 15 20 brk;gh;; 2009