The load flow equation can be written as

This can be written in polar form as

= |

||

The complex power at bus is given by

Now putting the value of current

and equating real and imaginary parts we get the

Equation for real power and reactive power

= |

||

| (

) {1}

= |

||

| (

) {2}



Now there are 2 such equations for each load bus and one equation for PV bus

Expanding the above equation in Taylors series it takes the following form

[

]=[

] [

] {3}

Where J terms are the jacobian, they are the partial derivatives of the equations
While
P=

{4}
Q=

{5}