II Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ -¨¡-E¢√®Ωç 15 -à-v°œ-™¸ 2006

Pramod: Prakash didn't attend our party yes-
terday. What might have been the
reason?
(v°æ鬨¸ E†o ´’† §ƒKdéÀ ®√™‰ü¿’. 鬮Ω-ù-¢Ë’¢Á’i
ÖçúÌa?)
Prabhat: He might have been out of town or
he might have forgotten. When did
you last tell him of the party?
(Åûªúø’ Ü∞x ™‰éπ-§Ú®· ÖçúÌa. ™‰éπ-§ÚûË
§ƒKd N≠æߪ’ç ´’J-*-§Ú-ߪ·ç-úÌa. Åûª-úÕéÀ
†’´¤y §ƒKd N≠æߪ’ç *´-Jí¬ á°æ¤púø’
îÁ§ƒp´¤?)
Pramod: I think last saturday
(§Ú®·† ¨¡E-¢√®Ωç ņ’-èπ◊çö«)
Prabhat: That's it. He is very busy. You should
have reminded him of it after that.
So, he might have forgotten.
(ÅD Ææçí∫A. Ç ûª®√yûª †’´y-ûª-úÕéÀ í∫’®Ω’h
îËߪ÷-LqçC. Åçü¿’-éπE Åûªúø’ ´’Ja-§Ú®·
Öçö«úø’.)
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 142
Prabhat: Wait for an hour. The bank might not
have been open by now. It is only 9.
(í∫çö«í∫’. Bank É°æ¤púË ûÁJ-ç-úø-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a.
Time É°æ¤púø’ ûÌN’tüË.)
Pramod: O.K.
We have seen so far the three imaginary
past forms:
1) would have been/ would have + past par-
ticiple (PP),
2) should have been/ should have + pp, and
d) If it had not been money, what might have
3) could have been / could have + pp. Might have been = Öçúø’ç-úÌ-a/- Öç-úË-üË¢Á÷–
stopped him from coming
Would have been = ÖçúËüË / ÖçúË-¢√úË é¬F ÆæçüË£æ«ç. Öçúø†÷´îª’a/ -™‰-éπ-§Ú†÷´îª’a – ÆæçüË£æ«ç.
™‰ü¿’/ -™‰úø’. Might have + pp = (äéπ N≠æߪ’ç) ï-JT ÖçúÌ-a/-
úø•’s-´©x é¬éπ-§Ú-ߪ·çõ‰, üË-E-´©x ®√éπ-§Ú-ߪ·ç-ö«-
úø-ûª†’?
Would have + pp = ïJ-ÍíüË / îËÊÆ-¢√úË é¬F ï-®Ω-í∫-éπ-§Ú-ߪ·ç-úÌa– ÆæçüË£æ«ç. ÉD, might have been, might have + PP
ï®Ω-í∫-™‰ü¿’/ îËߪ’-™‰ü¿’. Ñ ûËú≈©’ îª÷úøçúÕ.
N´-®√©’.
Should have been = Öçú≈-LqçC é¬F ™‰ü¿’ 1) He would have gone
Now Practise the following, using all
Should have + pp = îËߪ÷-LqçC (îËߪ’-™‰ü¿’) ¢Á∞Ïx-¢√úË (é¬F ¢Á∞¡x™‰ü¿’)
the four imaginary past forms you
Could have been = Öçúø-í∫-L-ÍíC/ Öçúø-í∫-L-Íí-¢√úø’ 2) He should have gone
have learnt so far.
(™‰éπ-§Ú-®·çC/ ™‰éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’) Åûªúø’ ¢Á∞«x-LqçD (é¬F ¢Á∞¡x-™‰ü¿’)
Could have + pp = îËߪ’-í∫-L-Íí-¢√úË/ îËߪ’-™‰-éπ- Rahul: †’´¤y E†o £j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛ ¢Á∞¡Ÿxçõ‰, ¨Ïê-®˝†’
3) He could have gone =
§Ú-ߪ÷úø’. ¢Á∞¡x-í∫-L-Íí-¢√úË (é¬E ¢Á∞¡x-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’) éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-í∫-L-Íí-¢√-úÕN.
°j -¢√-öÀéÀ not îËJÊÆh, ü∆EéÀ opposite Å®Ωnç Kousik: Ø√èπ◊ ÆæçüË-£æ«¢Ë’. E†o Åéπ\-úÕéÀ ¢ÁRxØ√
4) He might have gone = ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ߪ·ç-úÌa – Åçõ‰
´Ææ’hç-ü¿-E í∫ûª ´‚úø’, Ø√©’í∫’ lessons ™
ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç éπü∆.
Åçûª éπ*a-ûªçí¬ ûÁL-ߪ’ô癉ü¿’ – ¢Á∞«xú≈, ™‰ü∆ ÅE. Åûª-úÕE éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-éπ-§Ú-ߪ·ç-úÌa.
Rahul: áçü¿’-éπ-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o-´™«?
Kousik: Åûªúø’ £j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛™ ØË Öçõ‰ Ø√èπ◊ §∂ÚØ˛

He might have gone

Pramod: I myself have been very busy this
week. Otherwise I might have
reminded him.
(؈’ èπÿú≈ Ñ ¢√®Ω-´’çû√ busy
™‰èπ◊çõ‰ í∫’®Ω’hîËÊÆ-¢√-úÕE.)
Prabhat: He was talking to me of going to
Mumbai. So my other doubt is he
might have left for Mumbai.
(Ø√ûÓ àüÓ ´·ç-¶«®· ¢Á∞¡xôç í∫’Jç*
îËÊÆ¢√úË. Ø√Íéç §∂ÚØ˛®√™‰-ü¿-ûª-úÕ†’ç*.
Rahul: †’´¤y §∂ÚØ˛ îËÆæ’ç-ú≈-Lqç-ü¿ûªúÕéÀ.
Kousik: Åûª-†-éπ\úø éπ*a-ûªçí¬ ÖØ√o-úøE ûÁLÊÆh îËÊÆ-
¢√úÕo. Åûª†’ £j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛èπ◊ ¶«í¬ §Òü¿’l-§Ú-
ߪ÷éπ îË®Ω’ç-úÌ-îªaE Ø√ ÅGµ-v§ƒßª’ç.
Rahul: äéπ-¢Ë∞¡ §∂ÚØ˛ îËÆæ’çõ‰ àç §ÚßË’C Fèπ◊?
In this lesson we îª÷úøçúÕ, °j sentences from No 1 to No 11
¢√úø’-Ø√oú≈ ™‰ü∆ ÅE ûÁ©’-Ææ’éÓí∫L-Íí-¢√-úÕN.
are going to study ÅFo èπÿú≈ ÆæçüË-£æ…ØËo ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’-Ø√o®· éπü∆, 1)
Kousik: ††o-ûªúø’ éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ØË Æ洒ߪ’ç èπÿú≈
the fourth imaginary Öçúø’ç-úÌa, 2) ™‰éπ-§Ú-ߪ·ç-úÌa, 3) ´’Ja-§Ú-
í¬ ÖØ√o. Öçúø’ç-úø-üË-¢Á÷?
past form: ߪ·ç-úÌa, 4) í∫’®Ω’hîËÆæ’ç-úÌa, 5) ¢Á∞¡Ÿxç-úÌa, 6)
Miss Å´-éπ-§Ú-ߪ·ç-úÌa, 7) Éçé¬ Nï-ߪ’-´ç-ûª¢Á’i Rahul: ´’Sx á°æ¤púø’ éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´-îªaØË N≠æ-ߪ’-¢Á’iØ√
Might have been; ûÁL-Ææ’çúËC éπü∆?
ÖçúÌa, 8) Åߪ·uç-úÌa, 9) áèπ◊\´ ê®Ωa®·
Might have + past Kousik: ÅC Eï¢Ë’. Å®·ûË ´÷ cousin
participle (PP)
M. SURESAN ÖçúÌa, 10) Åçîª-Ø√-©†’ N’çç-úÌa,
11) ûÁJ-ç-úø-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a. ¢Á∞¡Ÿxç-úÌa. §∂ÚØ˛îËÆœ éπ†’-èπ◊\çö«.
Would have been, have + pp - Rahul: Åü¿çû√ áçü¿’èπ◊? †’¢Ëy sekhar èπ◊

´÷ö«x-ú≈úø’. 鬕öÀd Ø√éÓ ÆæçüË£æ«ç
´·ç-¶«®· ¢Á∞¡Ÿxç-úÌ-îªaE.)
Pramod: I now feel that we might not have
missed him if we had reminded him
of it.
(´’†ç äéπ-≤ƒJ ¢√úÕéÀ í∫’®Ω’h-îË-Ææ’çõ‰ ´’†ç
¢√úÕE miss ÅßË’u-¢√∞¡xç 鬢˒¢Á÷ ÅE É°æ¤púø’
Ø√éπ-E-°œ-≤ÚhçC.)
Prabhat: Any way, past is past. What do peo-
ple say about the party?
(Å®·-§Ú-®·ç-üËüÓ Å®·-§Ú-®·çC. ´’† party
í∫’Jç* Åçü¿®Ω÷ à´’-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’?)
}
Oô-Eoç-öÀéÀ
Should ÅN Ææ ÷ *çîË states of being
Could actions
èπ ÿ ´uA- Í ® - é ¬®Ω n ç ´Ææ ’ h ç C.
é¬F might have been, might have + pp èπ◊
Å™« ®√ü¿’. ÉC ÆæçüË-£æ…Eo ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC. °j Ææ綵«-
≠æ-ù™ might have been, might have + pp
verbs Ö†o sentences äéπ-≤ƒJ îª÷ü∆lç.
1) What might have been the reason?
(鬮Ωùç à¢Á’i Öç-úø’çúÌa?)
2) He might have been out of town
(Ü∞x ™‰éπ-§Ú-ߪ·ç-úÌa).
3) So he might have forgotten
鬕öÀd í∫ûªç™ Ö†o/ ïJ-T† N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ (ÖçúÕ
èπÿ, ÖçúÌ-îËa¢Á÷/ ïJ-Tç-üË¢Á÷ ™«çöÀ Å®ΩnçûÓ) ÆæçüË-£æ…- phone îÁ®·u.
Ææp-ü¿¢Á’i í∫ûªç™ ÖçüÓ, ™‰üÓ, ïJ-TçüÓ, ï®Ωí∫-™‰üÓ Kousik: Ok.
Ææp-≠d-çæ í¬ ûÁL-ߪ’-†-°æ¤púø’ ¢√úË verb forms - might ANSWER
have been, might have + past participle.
1) E†o £j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛™ î√™« áçúøí¬ ÖçC, Nï-ߪ’- Rahul: If you had gone to Hyderabad yester-
¢√-úø™  èπÿú≈ î√™« áçúøí¬ Öç-úø’ç-úÌa day, you could have met Sekhar.
(ÖçüË¢Á÷) Kousik: I doubt. Even if I had gone there I
It was very hot in Hyderabad; so might it might not have met him.
have been in Vijayawada (Vijayawada too
(Even = Å®·Ø√)
might have been hot)
Rahul: Why do you think so?
2) Åûªúø’ Fèπ◊ ≤ƒßª’ç îËÆæ’ç-úÌa (Åûª-úÕE †’´y-úÕT
Öçõ‰)=He might have helped you (if you had Kousik: If he had been in Hyderabad, he

Pramod: They are all happy. A good number
still feel that the party might have
been a greater success if Prasad
had been there to entertain us with
his jokes.
(Åçü¿®Ω÷ ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-°æ-ú≈f®Ω’. Å®·ûË ûª† jokes
ûÓ ´’†èπ◊ NØÓü¿ç éπL-Tç-îª-ö«-EéÀ Prasad
èπÿú≈ Öçúø’çõ‰ party Éçé¬ Nï-ߪ’-´ç-ûª¢Á’i
ÖçúË-üË¢Á÷ -Å-E -î√-™«-´’ç-C -¶µ«-NÆæ’h-Ø√o®Ω’.)
Prabhat: What about the expenses?
(ê®Ω’a© Ææçí∫-ûË-N’öÀ?)
Pramod: We have yet to get the bill. It might
have come to around Rs. 10,000/-.
We have paid an advance of Rs.
5000/-. It might have cost us more if
it had been any other hotel.
Prabhat: True. It might have gone beyond our
estimation.
(Eï¢Ë’ ´’† Åçîª-Ø√-©èπ◊ N’ç*-§Ú-ߪ·ç-
úÌa.)
Pramod: Let's settle the bill at once.
Åûªúø’ ´’Ja-§Ú-ߪ·ç-úÌa. asked him) (îËÊÆ¢√úË¢Á÷). would have called me. I didn't have
4) I might have reminded him = 3) She might have become the PM any call from him.
؈’ Åûª-úÕéÀ í∫’®Ω’h-îË-Ææ’ç-úÌa. Ç¢Á’ PM Åߪ·uç-úÌ-îËa¢Á÷. Rahul: You should have phoned.
5) He might have left for Mumbai = 4) They might not have seen him Kousik: If I had known definitely that he was
¢√∞¡xûª-úÕE îª÷Ææ’ç-úø-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a. there, I would have phoned him. But
Åûªúø’ ´·ç-¶«®· ¢ÁRx ÖçúÌa.
Imp: Might have been, Might have + pp, main my opinion is that he might have
6) We might not have missed him =
clause verbs 'if clause' combi-
Å®·ûË, DE reached Hyderabad late in the night.
Åûª-úÕE ´’†ç miss Åߪ·uçúË ¢√∞¡xç 鬢˒¢Á÷. nation verbs - had been, had + pp.
Rahul: What might you have lost, If you had
7) ... the party might have been a greater suc- a) If you had taken his book, he might have
phoned? You could have known if he
cess = been very angry
was there or not.
Party -Éçé¬ Nï-ߪ’-´çûªç Å®· ÖçúË-üË-¢Á÷/- †’¢Ëy ÅûªúÕ °æ¤Ææhéπç BÆæ’-èπ◊-†’çõ‰ Åûªúø’ î√™«
Kousik: He might not have had the time to
Å-ߪ·uç-úÌa. éÓ°æp-úø’ç-úÌa.
b) He might have made her very happy if she meet me.
8) It might have come to around Rs 10000/-
had married him Rahul: At least you would have known/ found
ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ®Ω÷. 10000 Åߪ·uçúÌa.
Ç¢Á’ Åûª-úÕE °∞«x-úø’çõ‰, Åûªúø’ î√™« ÆæçûÓ-≠æ- out when you might meet him again.
9) It might have cost us more =
°-ô’dç-úÌa. (°õ‰d-¢√-úË-ØË¢Á÷). Kousik: That's true. But my cousin might have
´’†-éÀçé¬ áèπ◊\´ ê®Ω’a Åߪ·uç-úÌa. c) If the mob had not become violent the police gone. I'll ring up and find out.
10) It might have gone beyond our estimation might not have opened fire = Rahul: Why all that? you call sekhar
´’† Åçîª-Ø√-©†’ N’ç*-§Ú-ߪ·ç-úÌa. ï†ç üˆ®Ω†b uç îËߪ’éπ§Ú-ߪ·çõ‰, police 鬩’p©’ Kousik: Ok.
11) The Bank might not have opened by now = ïJ°œ Öçúøéπ-§Ú-´îª’a. (ÆæçüË£æ«ç – üˆ®Ωb†uç é¬éπ-
Bank ûÁJ-ç-úø-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a. §Ú-®·Ø√ 鬩’p©’ ïJT ÖçúÌa.)

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