Lecture 2

OSI Reference Model and TCP/P reference Model

 Reference Models

• The OSI Reference Model

• The TCP/IP Reference Model
• A Comparison of OSI and TCP/IP
 The OSI Reference Model
7 Application The OSI Model will be
used throughout your
6 Presentation
entire networking
5 Session career!
4 Transport
3 Network
Memorize it!
2 Data Link
1 Physical
 Reference Models

The OSI
reference
model.
The OSI Reference Model

Encapsulation of Data

data
7 application H: header AH data
T: trailer
6 presentation PH AH data
5 session SH PH AH data

4 transport TH SH PH AH data
3 network NH TH SH PH AH data

2 data link DH NH TH SH PH AH data DT

1 physical bit streams
Source Computer Destination Computer
OSI Layers

•Connectors, jacks, cables etc

OSI Layers

•Provides connectivity and path selection between two host

•Provides Logical address
•No error correction, best effort delivery.
•Flow Control
OSI Layers

Routing
Congestion control
Path selection
etc
OSI Layers

•Sequencing of packets
OSI Layers
OSI Layers

• Encryption and Decryption

•Compression and Decompression
OSI Layers

•http
•DNS
•SNMP
•ftp
Peer-to-Peer Communication
The TCP/IP Model
Comparison with OSI Layer

The TCP/IP reference model.

TCP/IP Applications
Transport Layer Protocols
Internet Layer Protocols
Network Access Protocols
 Reference Models (3)

Protocols and networks in the TCP/IP model initially.

A Critique of the TCP/IP Reference Model
Problems:
• Service, interface, and protocol not distinguished
• Not a general model
• Host-to-network “layer” not really a layer
• No mention of physical and data link layers
 Hybrid Model

The hybrid reference model to be used in this book.

 Example Networks
• The Internet

• Connection-Oriented Networks:
X.25, Frame Relay, and ATM

• Ethernet

• Wireless LANs: 802:11

Architecture of the Internet

Overview of the Internet.

What is Bandwidth
 Network Standardization

• Who’s Who in the Telecommunications World

• Who’s Who in the International Standards World
• Who’s Who in the Internet Standards World
IANA assigns IP addresses to ISPs or LANs
 IEEE 802 Standards

The 802 working groups. The important ones are

marked with *. The ones marked with  are
hibernating. The one marked with † gave up.