( I ) The gradient, m of a straight line passing through

( x
1
, y
1
) and ( x
2
, y
2
) is :-
( i ) m = ( y
2
- x
1
)/ ( x
2
- x
1
)
( ii ) m = tan
( iii ) m = - y intercept / x intercept
( II ) The equation of a straight line is y = mx !
m = gradient
! = y inter!ept
( III ) "traight lines are parallel to ea!h other
if and only if their gradients are the same
Question 1
In the diagram sho#n, O is the origin, $oint A lies on the x-axis and point
B lies on the y-axis%"traight line BD is parallel to the x-axis and straight
line AB is parallel to straight line DE%The equation of straight line AB is &x
-'y = -12
( a ) "tate the equation of the straight line BD
( ( ) )ind the equation of the straight line EF
and hen!e, state its inter!ept
Solution Method ( a )
BD is a straight line #ith gradient m = *
=+ ,quation of BD : y = mx !
= *( x ) !
= ! == ( i )
-(0,y )also lies on the equation of straight line .-:
= + &x -'y = -12
&( 0 ) -'y = -12
'y = 12
y = & == ( ii )
)rom ( i ) y = ! = &
O
Solution ( a )
/et -( *,y ) and its lies on the equation &x -'y = -12
0hen x - *, &x -'y = -12
-'y = -12
y = &
Thus, ,quation of -1 is y = 3
( b ) Solution Method ( I )
/et y = m
EF
x ! === ( i )
(e the equation of straight line EF
2i3en that the equation of .- : &x -'y = -12
==+ -'y = -12 -&x
'y = &x 12
y = ( 3/4 )x &
EF is parallel to ! :
==+ m
EF
= m
!
= 3/4
( i ) (e!omes y = &/'x ! == ( ii )
"o #ind the $alue o# c %
E( -2,-3 ) lies on equation EF
==+ -3 =( &/' )( -2 ) !
= -&/2 !
! = -& &/2 = -&/2
Thus, ,quation of EF is y = ( 3/4 ) x -3/2
OR
( b ) Solution Method ( II )
2i3en that the equation of .- : &x -'y = -12
==+ -'y = -12 -&x
'y = &x 12
y = ( 3/4 )x &
==+ m
!
= 3/4
EF is parallel to ! :
==+ m
EF
= m
!
= 3/4
,quation of EF #ith E( -2,-& ) and F( x, y )
==+ m
QR
= ( y - ( -& ) ) / ( x-(-2) )
= ( y & )/ ( x 2 )
Note : m = ( y
2
- y
1
)/ ( x
2
- x
1
)
&here ( x
1
,y
1
) = ( -2,-& )
( x
2
,y
2
) = ( x, y )
== &/' = ( y & )/ ( x 2 )
&( x 2 ) = '( y & )
&x 4 = 'y 12
&x -4 = 'y
y = ( &/') x -4/'
= ( 3/4) x -3/2
( b ) Solution ( I )
,quation ! : &x -'y = -12
-'y = -12 -&x
'y = &x 12
y = ( &/' )x 12
,quation .-: y = (m
!
)x ! == ( 1 )
AB, parallel to EF !
== m
AB
= m
EF
= 3/4
( 1 ) (e!omes y = ( &/' )x !
E(-2,-&) lies on EF !
==+ -& = ( &/')( -2 ) !
= -&/2 !
! = -& &/2 =-&/2
,quation of EF : y = ( 3'( )x )3'*
O+
( b ) Solution ( II)
,quation ! : &x -'y = -12
-'y = -12 -&x
'y = &x 12
y = ( &/' )x 12
==+ m
!
= 3/4
EF is parallel to ! :
==+ m
EF
= m
!
= 3/4
,quation of EF #ith E( -2,-& ) and F( x, y )
==+ m
QR
= ( y - ( -& ) ) / ( x-(-2) )
= ( y & )/ ( x 2 )
&/' = ( y & )/ ( x 2 )
&( x 2 ) = '( y & )
&x 4 = 'y 12
&x -4 = 'y
y = ( &/') x -4/'
= ( 3/4) x -3/2
Solution %"o #ind the x)intercept
.t x-inter!ept, y = *, ==+ * = ( &/')x -&/2
( &/' )x = &/2
x = 2
Thus,x-inter!ept of straight line EF is 2
Remar"s!
( 1 ) The 5Solution Method5 is for your understanding
( 2 ) )or exam purpose, The 5Solution5 is the one that should
(e #ritten in your ans#er (oo6let%
( & ) Thus, for 71( ( ), you !an either !hoose 5 Solution I 5
89 5 Solution II 5 , to (e #ritten in your ans#er (oo6let