11

The PropertiesofTropical W oods 1

1
Studieson the utilizationof Bangkirai and White
rneranti woodsgrown in Kalirnantan
WoodTechnologyD
i
v
i
s
i
o
n

1.
ll.

.... H ... H - H H ... H .... H ...... H ..

8
][.

... H ..... H ..... H -... H -... H .... 32

W.

V.

VI.

45

... H ..... H ..... H ..... H ..... H .... H

58

... H ...... H ...... H H H ..... H ..... H

Vll.

71

80

CONTENTS

1
. Introduction..... H ....... H ..... H ..... H ..... H ..... H .. .Shin TERAZAWA...2

n
.IdentificationandanatomicalcharactersofBangkiraiandWhitemeranti
woodsgrowni
nKalimantan - H H ..... H H H ..... H ..Yaichi KOBAYASHI'" 8

1
I
I
. DencityandshrinkageofBangkiraiandWhitemerantiwoodsgrown
i
n Kalimantan .... H ....... H ..... H ..... H - H H ... TatsuoNAKANOandJ
i
s
u
k
eKABURAGI...32

W. MechanicalpropertiesofBangkirai andVhitemerantiWOO:
lSgrown
i
nKalimantan H H ..... a ... H ..... H ..... H .. Ry zabur YAMAIandKi
c
h
i KOND 45
V

Drying

s
c
h
e
d
u
l
e
so
fB
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
iandWhitem
e
r
a
n
t
iwoodsgrowni
n

hi
c
h
i5AT"'58
Kalimantan H H ..... H --... H -... H H H ..5hin TERAZAWAand5

V
I
. CuttingpropertiesofBangkiraiandWhitemerantiwoodsgrownin
Kalimantanbyr
o
t
a
t
i
n
gk
n
i
f
e ... H H H ..... H ..... H ..... H ..... H H H ..... H ..Tooru H
o
s
H
I
.
.
.
7
1

V
l
!
. RotaryveneercmtingofBangkiraiand'Vhitemerantiwoods
growni
nKalimantan... H ...... H -... H H H -... H .. .Yoshimasa E
G
U
S
A
.
.
.
8
0
1968 5 23

218

1.

(1)

1)

2 13j

9 207

1966, 12, 1
9

1966, 12 , 2
7

1967,

40m3

1
.3
1

18
8

2 Table 1

VIA-9 (Fig.1
Fig.2 \) VIA-l

VIA-2

T
(1)

11 (

Table 1.

|||
(cm) I (cm)

VIA- 1

6
2
.
5

VIA-2

6
5

57lb

VIA-3

6
6

6
2

A-

9
7

8
0

A-

6
6

6
0

VIA-7

7
5

7
4

VIA-8

.5

6
2 I , 10cm

VIA-9

7
0

6
5 I L

6
1

5
2

6
2

5
9

VIB-5

VIB-I0

5
9

I
25cm

I
I

(Fig.3
30cm

t
10~

Fig.l

(VIA-1 , VIA-2 , VIA-3)

15

VIA-3

8
VIA-7

VIA-l
VIA-2
t.::. o

VIB-5

Table
2

Fig.2

(VIA-9)

218

Fig.3
-4)

CVIA

(VIB-5)

Tab!e 2.

VIA-11 A2| A- 3
1VIA-4IVIA-61 A- 7 1 A- 8 I VIA B-51m-lO

30~100cm

VIA-1~VIA-4 A-6~VIA-9
RIDL /

a
e
v
i
s
Shorea l

(Bangkirai)

VIB-5, VIB-I0 Shorea Anthoshorea

(Shea s
p
.
)

Table 3

- 5

11 (

Tab!e3.

I jL:;t1i%I (gfcm

3
)

A-

VIA- 3
A

VIA- 7
A-

A-

V
I
B
-5

B-

1
0

(%)

0.63~

0
.
9
6
0
.
8
6
0.81~ 0
.
9
1
0
.
8
6
0.67~ 0
.
9
3
0
.
8
5
o
.59~ 0.96
0
.
8
4
o
.80~ 0.90
0
.
8
3
o
.52~ 0.85
0
.
7
7
0.52~ 0
.
9
6
0
.
8
4

7
.22~10. 2
5
9
.
3
5
8
.21~ 9
.
2
2
8
.
5
3
8.48~ 9
.
5
1
8
.
9
4
7
.76~ 9
.
8
7
9
.
2
1
.51~ 9
.
4
2
8
.
8
9
8.06~ 9
.
1
0
8
.
7
2
5
7
.22~10. 2
8
.
9
6

O
.46~ 0
.
5
6
0
.
5
3
0.49~ 0
.
7
0
0
.
5
6
0.46~ 0
.
7
0
0
.
5
5

.
7
1
6
.83~ 7
7
.
3
1
.
9
0
7
.13~ 9
8
.
2
3
6.83~ 9
.
9
0
7
.
7
7

(
t
/
T
)

2~ 5.01 I

90~

2
.78~ 3
.
9
8
3
.
4
6
.
3
0
2
.82~ 5
3
.
9
5
2.78~ 5
.
3
0
3
.7
0

1
.95~ 2
.
7
5
2
.
1
8
1
.74~ 2
.
5
3
2
.
1
4
1
.74~ 2
.
7
5
2
.
1
6

4
.
5
1
3
.74~ 4.44
4
.
0
5
4
.61~ 6
.
2
0
5
.
5
5
3.81~ 5
.
8
7
4
.
9
3
4.11~ 5
.
4
7
4
.
6
4
3
.62~ 5
.
3
4
4
.
8
3
3
.32~ 6
.
2
0
4
.
8
1

2
.
2
7
2
.
0
8
1
.99~ 2
.
2
9
2
.
1
1
1
.46~ 1
.
8
8
1
.
62
1
.66~ 2
.
0
8
1
.8
8
1
.65~ 2
.1
7
1
.9
3
1
.67~ 2
.
2
3
1
.8
2
1
.46~ 2
.
2
9
1
.
8
9

(t/
VI A-6 (tfT) 1
.62

Tab!e4
20%

(Hoea i
e
r
T
e
i
)

2.7cm
10% 21 45 0 C
1. 8 0 C 75 0 C
12.3% 22~25%

7~8 55 0 C 4 0 C

80 0 C

218

Table4.

3)
(gfcm

(%)

0.88~0.98

15.0~16.5

155~173

VIA- 6

0.92~!.01

15;0~16.

177~213

VIA- 8

0.85~0.90

VIA- 9

0
.
9
1

0
.
9
4

0
.
8
7
O
.84~0. 9
0
0
.
8
6
O
.84~1. 0
1
0
.
8
9

1
6
.
0

1
6
3

1
5
.
5
1
5
.0~16. 5
1
6
.
0

150~180

15.0~17.

172~214

1
6
.
0
15.0~17.

1
5
.
5

1
9
6
1
6
7

1
8
8
150~214

1
7
7

9
5
2
7
8
9

806~

1353~1582

941~1135

1438~1825

1
0
2
6
9
8
4
8
4
1
806~ 8
7
3
8
3
8
734~

734~1135

15
111l~145
|31
1
5
.
5
1
2
8
0
.
5
6

(103kgfcm~\(kgfcm 2
r= 1 (k
gfc
m2 )

A-

1
4
4
8

1
6
4
6
1230~1610

1
4
5
4
1454~1698

1
5
2
4
1230~1825

8
6
0

1
5
0
5

5
0
1

9
1
9

(Shorea I ochra)

VIA-4

IJ

5 (VIA-6)

80% 90% 2
75%

ASTM D

1101 p

40%

20%
90 0 C

30 0

40~501

2mm)
0.99mm (1. 0

 11 (

-7~

||

2
2
(
I
0
3
k
g
f
c
m2
)I (kgfcm
) I (kgfcm
) (
1
03
kgfcm2
)l _im2)

162~225

476~561

218~269

600~721

5
1
4

1
8
9

6
7
2

2
4
0

398~642

187~237

5
4
0

2
1
2

398~614

214~284

4
9
5

2
4
3

476~721

162~284

5
4
0

2
2
1
151 -188

1
6
5

I 255~384
3
2
5

661~701

139~221

6
7
4
788~813

|| l
950~1805

1
8
7

1
2
4
6

205~281

7
9
8

I025~2000

2
3
9

1
5
8
6

I__i_m 2 )

l_~fcm2)

I1347~2195
I 1
6
4
2
I1314~2510
I 1
9
9
2

I147~176
I 1
6
5
I132~164
I 1
5
1

601~743

6
8
6
596~748

195~237

6
5
0
596~813

6
9
1
I 384~459
4
2
3

1
5
2
2

139~281

950~2000

2
1
7
12q~156

1
4
3

I1565~2280
I 1
9
0
8
I1314~2510
I 1
8
7
0

1198~1863

2
1
7

1
4
7
4

I(kg~2_

I168~200
I 1
8
3
I164~204
I 1
8
6
148~176 I183~218
1
6
0 I 1
9
9
I115~163 I184~207
I 1
4
8 I 1
9
3
I115~176 I164~218
I 1
5
6 I 1
9
1

I 868~1307 I1027~1760 I 92~113 I 86~112

I 1
0
9
9 I 1
3
6
8 I 1
0
4 I
9
7

I
. 20~40kg!cm2.
j

II .

1 E

1O ~20kgfcm2

128

207 9

A-5 (NA-5) B-5

n
.

1.
10

10
2

2.

(1)
(A)

(Bangkirai)

HILDEBRAND

6)7) c
8

(Diptero

carpaceae) Shorea Shorea (Eushorea) (Balau)

Bangkirai
Shorea

l
a
e
v
i
sRIDL. (=S.l
a
e
v
i
f
o
!
i
a ENDERT

Table

Balau Shorea Shor

a boleensis Sh

Shorea ASHTON Shorea Barbala BE

(1)

11(

Sh: (3) (2)

(5)

(12)

Barbata : (2)

(10)

(1)

WOOD 17)

(2)

(4) (3)

(1)

(1) (3)

(Selangan ba

(2)

(5)

Shorea

(Subgenus Shorea)

Shorea 50 30

15

(Sho

a) S
h
o
r
e
aa
t
r
i
n
e
r
v
o
s
aSVM.
Balau

Balau hitam Selangan batu hitam

hitam Black

1
HILDEBLAND

WOOD 1

b) S
h
o
r
e
ab
a
l
a
n
g
e
r
a
nBURCK

Balall GiSD GiSD Balau

Belangiran

c
)S
h
o
r
e
ae
x
e
l
l
i
p
t
i
c
a W. MEIJER

ASHTON 1 )

S
h
o
r
e
ae
l
l
i
p
t
i
c
aBURCK

1943 SVMINGTON S.

?ell tica

sen SVM.

S. e
x
e
l
l
i
p
t
i
c
aW.MEIJER
W. MEIJER 9
1 S.

?e
l
l
i
p
t
i
c
aBURCK

d
)S
h
o
r
e
afoxwortkyi SVM.
SVMINGTON I6 )

WOOD

Balau bukit(=hill)

S.

semini,;

Selangan batuN
o.2
.

218

10

Table 1.

The t
r
e
enames o
fBalau

""L

S
c
i
e
n
t
i
f
i
c name

sgprmavzrt
%

y '

L
o
c
a
l
i
t
y

P
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
t
i
a
lname
f

5
about 1

I
n
d
o
n
e
s
i
a

H
o
p
e
ac
e
l
e
b
i
c
a BURCK

C
.

1
.1
0

Balau matak
u
t
j
i
n
g

L
.e
tS
Y
M
.
*
l
P
a
r
a
s
h
o
r
e
adeiflora V. S

S
.

0
.
9
1

Tembalum

S
h
o
r
e
aa
l
r
i
n
e
r
v
o
s
a SYM.

S
.B
.

0
.
9
8

Balau hitam

S
. B.

0
.
8
6

Belangeran

.A

S
. B

0
.
9
4

Balaul
a
u
tbatu

t
>
S
.foxwort. i SYM.

S
.B
.

.
A
S
.b
a
l
a
n
g
e
r
a
nBURCK

S
.exell lica W. MEIJ

Tekan t
e
g
e
l
a
n

S
.g
l
a
u
c
aKING

S
.

1
.0
0

Balau bunga

S
.g
u
i
s
o (BLANCO) B
L
.

S
.B

0
.
8
3

G
i
s
o

B
.

0
.
9
1

Benuas

S
.B
.

0
.
9
9

Balau tanduk

S
.

1
.0
1

Balau mi ak

.
A
.

S.

l
a
e
v
i
f
o
l
i
a ENDEK

S.

l
a
e
v
i
sR
I
D
L
.*
4

S
.m
a
x
w
e
l
l
i
a
n
a KING

t
>
S
.o
c
h
r
o
p
h
l
o
i
a E.].
S
. ex SYM.

B
.

0
.
8
6

V. S
L
.

B
.

0
.
9
0

Terindak

0
.
8
8

Kedawang

1
.0
9

Balau penzau

.
A
S
.S
e
m
i
n
i
s

S
.S
u
m
a
t
r
a
n
a SYM.
Up
u
n
a borneeis SYM

S
.
B
.

L
.
*
1 Synonym-Parashoreaa
p
t
e
r
aV.S
Shorea ?e
l
l
i
p
t
i
c
a BURCK
=S
. ?e
l
l
i
p
t
i
c
ase'e SYM. (Mal
.F
o
r
. Rec. 1
6(
1
9
4
3
)1
3
)
=S. e
x
e
l
l
i
p
t
i
c
a W. MEIJER (
A
c
t
.B
o
t
. NeE
r7
*
4
S yn

nllym~

h
S

or

ea
1 ae

vf

fo
l E
NDERT*3
5 B
.
: Borneo, C
.
:E
a
s
t Indonesia, S
.
: Sumatra
: P
r
i
n
t
e
di
nt
h
eReporto
fI
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
no
fKalimantan F
o
r
e
s
t(
1
9
6
2
)
.
e
)S
h
o
r
e
ag
u
i
s
o (BLANCO) B
L
.

HILDEBLAND 6)7) 3

Guijo ()
Selangan

batu mera
'
1 (=Rd)

Ba)au

. Giso Belangiran

f
)S
h
o
r
e
al
a
e
v
i
sRIDL. (SynonymS
.I
n
e
v
i
f
o
r
i
a ENDERT)

-11-

11 ()

groupgrowni
nI
n
d
o
n
e
s
i
a

Vernacularname
| )1
Malava13Sarawak and|
Sabah |pI11ooi
]~
I
B
r
u
n
e
i
(
N
.Borneo)
"'''1-'1-'

Kalimantan

1eranti

(Tb.Nat
u(MT.eNn.d) an
L
e
m
b
P
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.
)
(
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p
a
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Balauhitam

Selanganbatu
hitam

e
l
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b
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a
i
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Balau tembaga S
tembaga

Selanganbatu
tembaga

Balaub
u
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t

b
S
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l
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Belangiran(Kb.) , Katoi (
K
b
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)

h
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h3e4l

m)1h
kubbnLLgB{L
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)
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g
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k
b
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tembaga(Kb.) Damarl
a
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kechihl,i Balauku- Kumushitam
mushltam

k
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anbatu

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tpA3ak

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asam

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kaNL1un1kTgaemng

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a
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*6 B
.
;Balikpapan , Bl
.
;Bulungan, Br.; Berau , Kb.: West-Kutei , K
t
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T.N.: Nunukan I
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fs
u
b
d
i
v
i
s
i
o
nTarakan.

I Shorea l
a
e
v
i
f
o
l
i
aENDERT

Balau c

g
)S
h
o
r
e
ao
c
h
r
o
p
h
l
o
i
aE
..
J
.STRUGNELL ex SYM.
SYMINGTON 16 )

300m

HILDEBRAND

218

12

13)

h
)S
h
o
r
e
as
e
m
i
n
i
s (DEVRIESE)V. SL.
Malayakal
Selangan

batu No. 2

(B) (Shorea

Hopea

Parashorea

una Shorea Shorea

(Eushorea) una
horneensis Shorea

Table2 8(9) c

(Shorea

DESCH 2)

Table 2

(2)
(A)

Table 2.

A summaryo
fc
e
r
t
a
i
nm
a
c
r
o
s
c
o
p
i
cand m
i
c
r
o
s
c
o
p
i
cf
e
a
t
u
r
e
s oft
h
et
i
m
b
e
r
si
n

S
p
e
c
i
e
s
S'trinervosa

SYM.

Colouro
f
heartwood

e
l
l
o
w
b
r
o
w
n

(159S
6pmeC(oHisitcurgerac1vo5intFytZe>nt>

Range

7
O
.93~0. 9

I
Mea
n

Colouro
fa
s
h

0.96

Grey-white

0.86

S
.b
a
l
a
n
g
e
r
a
nBURCK

brow

r
D
ark redbro
w
n

S
. ?e
l
l
i
p
t
i
c
aBURCK

Yellow-orown
W
-bro
w

0.86~ 04

0.94

Grey-white

S
.foxorl i SYM.

htrr
ed
L
i
g
e
d
-brm1

O
.86~1. 08

0
.
9
9

S
.g
u
i
s
oBL.

Light purp
le-re
d

O
.69~0. 9
9

0.84

S
.l
a
e
v
i
f
o
l
i
aEND.

L
i
g
h
tred-brown

S
t
r
e
a
k
e
d

S
.l
a
e
v
i
sRIDL.
c
h
r
o
p
h
l
o
i
a E.J.S
. ex SYM.
S
.o

O
.91~ 1. 03

0.98

le--b

O
.7l ~0. 9
5

0.86

brown
Lightp
u
r
p
le

B
l
u
e
g
r
e
y

1Nhite orblu
e
grey

0
.
9
1

L
i
g
h
tpurple
brown

Chars

Chars
Chars

YdGioMwuyegmraynyt

t
e
o

e
m
i
n
i
sV. S
L
.
S
.s

I
)
L
i
g
h
t purple-brow

0.90

 11 (

13

(White meranti)

Parashorea Shorea Anthoshorea Richetia 10

2 Anthoshorea

Richetia Parashorea

Anthoshorea

WOOD 17)

30 AsHTON 25

(1) (2)
(6) (9)

(6)

(5) (4)

(1 0)

(3) (1) (1) (2)

(Anthoshorea)

Table 3

Table 6

a
)S
h
o
r
e
aa
g
a
m
iASHTON
1962 ASHTON

Balaugroupgrown i
n Kalimantan

S
i
l
i
c
a
c
o
n
t
e
n
t

S01itary

Chambered
c
r
y
s
t
a
l
si
n
p
a
r
s
t
e
r
n
a
c
n
h
d
y
s
ma t
h
ep
a
r
e
n
chymac
e
l
l
s

++

++
++

++

++

++

C
.
r
n
y
s
t
a
b
l
s
m t
n
e
r
a
yc
e
l
l
s

S. viresce

Meranti

putehtimbul

S. vir

Anthosh
orea

++

b) S
h
o
r
e
ab
r
a
c
t
e
o
l
a
t
a DYER

ASHTON 1 )

++

HILDEBRAND7)

218

14

Table3.

White

m
e
r
a
n
t
i

Showing t
h
et
r
e
enameo
r White m
e
r
a
n
t
igroup

U
A

S
c
i
e
n
t
i
f
i
cname

L
o
c
a
l
i
t
y

S
(
h
p
f
e
o
c
i
i
f
i
cg
r
a
v
i
t
y
s
t
u
r
e con
t
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n
tabout

P
r
e
f
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r
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a
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l
n
d
o
n
e
s
i
a

15%)
a
g
a
m
iASHTON

B
.

0
.
6
7

b
r
a
c
t
e
o
l
a
t
aDYER

S
.B
.

0
.
6
6

Damarkedontang

t
>
S
.g
r
a
t
i
s
s
i
m
aDYER

S
.B
.

0
.
7
4

Damar t
a
w
e
i

a
v
a
n
i
c
aK. e
tV.
S
.j

S
.D
j
.

0
.
6
3

Damar k
a
t
z
a

k
o
o
r
d
e
r
s
i
iBRANDIS
(
S
y
n
.S
.a
s
s
a
m
i
c
aformak
o
o
r
d
e
r
s
i
i
(
B
R
A
N
D
I
S
)S
Y
M
.
)

1
t
.

0.~9

Damar tenang

S
.B
.

O
.7
3

Damar tunam

o
c
h
r
a
c
e
aSYM.

B
.

0
.
5
4

Damar kebaong

PARl
J
S

B
.

0
.
5
0

Damar madza

Shorea

5'.

S.

"
"
S
.l
a
m
e
l
l
a
t
aFoxw.

S.

S. vi'scens

1
2

S
.
: Sumatra, B
.
:Borneo, D
j
.
:Java , l
t
.
:E
a
s
t
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
i
a
B
.
:Balikpapan , B
r
.
:Beran , Kb.:West-Kutei , Kt
.
:East-Kutei , M.:Mahakam , T
b.:Tidung-lands,
a
f
t
e
rt
h
ev
e
r
n
a
c
u
l
a
rname.

c
) S1.rea

gratsima

DYER

~ L
ASHTON 1 )

\\'OOD 17)

1Ckm
( 80m

d
)S
h
o
r
e
al
a
m
e
l
l
a
t
aFoxw.
\

(23~26

e
)S
h
o
r
e
aochea SYM.
;

11 (

15

(Anthoshorea

(
S
e
c
t
.A
n
t
h
o
s
h
o
r
e
a
) growni
nI
n
d
o
n
e
s
i
a

Merantipu
timbul.

Bunjan, Damartahan, Enggelamt

i
k
u
s(Kb
Longko(Kt Njerakat tembaga(Kb Pelepak
batu (
B
r
.
)
Le0 njerakat Takara

l|H s
S
a
bahE
~arawak and
IBrunei
I(N. Borneo)

Sa
r
Malava
aya

Kalimantan

Bering, Djoknai ,
ngan (
K
b
.
)

Vernacularname

1M
I
l
V
1e
r
a
p
1agama

Badau (
S
w
.
)
Merantipng
Merantil
a
u
t

ran
an
t l
er
a
pi
(
B
u
.
)

Merapi l
a
u
t

tikus , Awang batu (Kb.) , Bangkirai ,

B
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
ilempong?1 (B.) Bunjan (Kb. , K
t
.
)
i
ata ,Kutjing(Kb ,), Kakanputih , Kakanl
t
e
l
o
r (T.N Lampong a
k
a
s(Kb Kt;;~' (T~NTI Merantil
a
p
i
s
Mehing ,Pangin( Kb) ,Sepit ulang(T.N Tahan
kayu (B Kt Tegelam (
T
.
N
.
)

Merantil
a
p
i
s

Merapil
a
p
i
s

Anggelamt
i
k
u
s (Kb
Namahung (
M
.
)

Raruk

Mehapidaun
b
e
s
a
r

Agelam

B
e
l
o
b
u
n
j
o (M
Tegelam (
M
.
)

Maro

Marabia

Maro hitam(M

|Mmng

(
T
.
L
.
)

s
u
l
a
n
g

Melapis
u
l
a
n
g
s
u
l
i
n
g

c
c
o
r
d
i
n
gt
o HILDEBRANDgiven
T.N.:NunukanI
s
l
a
n
do
fs
u
b
d
i
v
i
s
i
o
n Tarakan H: Doubtful name. a

VVOOD 17)
30cm
(23-36 ) Anthoshorea
5 Om 4m

f) S
h
o
r
e
av
i
r
e
s
c
e
n
sP
A
R
I
J
S

50m 5m

(B)

Anthoshorea

 218

16

{ L

S
h
o
r
e
a agami

Parashorea

Shorea Richetia

a) ... H .. Allthoslzorea

.. H H H ..Richetia
c) H H - .Pashorea

Anthoshorea Shorea albida Red

m
e
r
a
n
t
i

DESCH l\leranti pang (Anthoshorea ) 103)9)20)

DESCH

S
h
o
r
e
a bracteolata
S
h
o
r
e
aagami

Anthoshorea

3
.

1. Table 1 8

5cm ~( 15cm 25 cm

VIA-2 VIA-4

5cm
2cm o
5cm IJ1. 5cm
1. 5cm VIA-1

VIA-2, VIA-4,

VIA-6,

VIA-8 VIA-9 (5-(2) ) f

VIB-5 vl B-10 20~22cm e

VIA-3 Vl A-7

11 (

17

b~g( a
6 a~g 7

a)

(Rong l
e
a
n
g:tania sp.)

4.

(1)

i
)

VIA-3 VIA-7

Shorea

i
i
)

VIB-5 VIB-10

218

18

(2)
i
)
A.

f
VIA-3 VIA-7

Table 4.
C
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
i
v
ep
r
o
p
o
r
t
i
o
no
fwoode
l
e
m
e
n
t
s (%)

Librifiormw(00d

f
i
b
r
e
S
a
r
n
p
l
e

V
e
s
s
e
l

VIA-2-f
VIA-3-f
A-4-f

VIA-6-f
VIA-7-f
VIA-8-f
VIA-9-f

3124

5
1
7
1*
2

VIB-5
e
B-10-e

VIA-3-b

A-3-c
VIA-3-d
A-3-e

VIA-3-f
VIA-3-g

A-7-c
A-7-d

VIA-7-e
VIA-7-f
VIA-7-g
VIA-1 , VIA-2,

c
h
e
i
di
n
c
l
u
d
e
d
4
7
.
2
4
6
.
2
4
7
.
6
5
3
.
5
4
8
.
5
5
8
.
8
45.0
43.4
4
8
.7
23.0
2
9
.
1
2
8
.1
3
0
.
2
6
0
.
1
5
5
.
9
5
8
.
2
5
3
.
8
47.6
4
2
.
3
5
7
.
7
5
9
.
3
6
0
.
8
6
1
.
1
5
7
.
8
5
8
.
8
5
5
.
1

1
5
.
2
2
6
.
9
2
4
.
5
2
3
.
3
2
2
.
5
2
3
.
8
2
7
.
0

A-7-a

VIA-7-b

... H .. Mark

a: The
b:

A
x
i
a
l
p
a
r
e
n
c
h
y
r
n
a

(vasicent tr)

2
4
.
9
34.2
28.3
24.5
3
4
.
6
23.8
3
3
.
5
3
3
.
5
2
9
.
7
2
3
.
0
2
9
.
1
2
8
.
1
3
0
.
2
1
8
.
1
21
.8
2
0
.
8
23.4
2
8
.
3
3
0
.
6

VIA-l

Ray

4
.
0
3
.
8
5
.2
3
.
7
3
.
4
7
.
6
4
.
9
3
.
9
4
.
6
6
.
0
8
.
1
1
0
.
0
6
.
8
9
.
0
1
1
.
3
8
.
2
1
0
.
6
5
.
2
1
1
.
9
1
6
.
0
5
.
5
5
.
1
6
.
0
7
.
3
7
.
6
9
.
1

2
3
.
6
1
5
.
7
1
7
.
0
1
7
.
8
1
2
.
8
9
.
4
1
6
.
5
1
8
.
9
1
6
.
5
1
6
.
3
1
9
.
1
1
6
.
4
1
2
.
9

o
.3

11
.8
.0
11
1
2
.
1
11
.3
1
7
.
0
1
2
.
7
.1
11
8
.
2
9
.
5
9
.
3
1
1
.
5
9
.
4
8
.
8

1
.0
0
.
0
o
.7
0
.
9
1
.9
2
.
5
0
.
0
0
.
1
0
.
1
0
.
3
0
.
9
0
.
4
0
.
0

0
.
1
1
.
9
o
.5
O
.7
0
.
4
0
.
1
0
.
3
0
.
5
3
.
0
0
.
7
0
.
0
0
.
1

o
fs
t
u
d
yeachl
o
g
s
.

5.0~ 6.5crn The

p
a
r
t5
.O~ 6
.5
c
r
nf
r
o
r
np
i
t
h
.

I
!

10.0~1 1. 5cm

I
!

I
!

d:

15. O~ 1
6
.5
c
r
n

/
1

/
1

e:

20. 0~2 1. 5cm

/
1
2
5
.0~26. 5cm
1
1
1
1
g
:
3
0
.0~3 1. 5cm
1 A r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
especimen (
S
h
o
r
e
a laelia ENDERT).
A r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
especimen (
S
h
o
r
e
al
a
e
v
i
sR
I
D
L
.
)
.
1
1

A
x
i
a
l
i
n
t
e
r
c
e
l
l
u
l
a
r
c
a
n
a
l

p
a
r
tn
e
a
rp
i
t
h
.

c
:

f
:

10.0~1 1. 5crn

1
1

1
5
.O~ 1
6
.5cm
20. 0~2 1. 5cm
2
5
.0~26. 5cm

30.0~31.5cm

I
!
/
1

I
!

11 ()
5cm

19

Table 4
a)

Table 4 A-1 Vl A-4 Vl A-7

Vl A-1 .

Vl A-4 A-7

Vl A-7

8 29.7% 48.7

4.6%.

16.5%

0 5%
b)

Vl A-3 (b) (g)

10crn 15cm

(c

Vl A-7 a

B.

Table 5(1) e
a)

L G
2 3

J
1mm 2 4 ~12

Vl A-7 5. 6

Vl A-2 8.1
Bangkirai Shorea

l
a
e
u
i
f
o
l
i
aENDERT

(No.3124)* 3~1 5.9

Selanganbatu

S.

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a
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7
2~

ununU unU U unU

QUnuqu J-iqun -q

fiRU
12346789M71333333

5~10

731875765633576678M875655

5~11

3~10

4~

2~

8
4~

W
H
WNWU

l
i
l
i
j
i
i
1
3
3
;
;
l
;
i
;
i
i
i
i
i
j
j
E
i
i
i
i
j
i
E
j
j
i
l
i
E
;
11 -53
5~11
5~10

nu--8066113951561L44846246nVAu-

5~12

V
e
s
s
e
l

......
....

5~12

ffffffff

6~10

Diameter

,
.................
4~10

nrn

VIA-2 , ... H ..: Mark o

fs
t
u
d
y each l
o
g
s
.
A-1

C
.

218
20

Table 5. (1)
Anatomical c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
s(
1
)

Sample

a: The p
a
r
tnearp
i
t
h
.

a
r
t 5
.O~ 6.5cmfrom t
h
ep
i
t
h
.
b
: flj 5.0~ 6.5cm f The p
c:

10. O~ 1
1
.5cm

10.0~l 1. 5cm

1
/
1
1
d:

15. O~ 1
6
.5cm
1
/
1
5
.O~ 1
6
.5cm
,
1
1
1
1
e:

20. 0~2 1. 5cm

2
0
.0~2 1. 5cm
,
1
1
f:

25. 0~26. 5cm

1
1
2
5
.0~26. 5cm
,
g:

30. 0~3 1. 5cm

3
0
.0~3 1. 5cm
1: A r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
especimen (
S
h
o
r
e
al
a
e
v
i
f
o
l
i
a ENDERT)
: A r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e specimen (
S
h
o
r
e
al
a
e
v
i
sR
I
D
L
.
)
y

b)

g {

20.0~

21
.5cm e

11 (

Table5.

21

(2)

Anatomicalc
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
s(
2
)

V
asicentr
ic tr
ache
i
d

Sample

380~

VIA-c2
A-3-f

400~

1 A-8-f

VIA-9-f

7
5
0
770

31241

280~

5171

320~

16~40
20~40

2.0~3.0
2.0~2.5

7
3
0
7
8
0
7
3
0
6
3
0
7
0
0
7
0
0
7
6
0
6
7
0
6
1
0
6
9
0

2.0~2.5

18~44

2
.0~2. 0
2
.0~2. 5!
I

20~42
17~44

21~42

2.0~2.5

2
.0~2. 5
2
.0~3. 0
2
.0~2. 5

1
7
8
0
1
7
5
0
1
5
8
0

Wall
t
h
i
c
k
n
e
s
s

Diameter

20~45

20~46
20~37

6
0
0
730

Length

Min. I~!Iax. I~!Iean

16~55

360~1250
330~ 6
7
0
330~1000
300~ 8
60
280~ 7
6
0
400~ 7
6
0

Wall
Diameter t
h
i
c
k
n
e
s
s

Length
f
.
l

VIA-I-f
VIA-4-f
f
VIA-6f
VIA-7-

i
ifoform
fiiber
Libr
br
woodf

15~33

3.5~7.0

15~31

5.0~7.0

1
8
0
0
1
8
5
0
1
6
7
0
1
6
7
0

1
3
3
2
1
3
5
3
1
2
5
8
1
2
9
7
1
2
7
6
1
3
3
6
1
2
2
8
1
2
0
9

1
5
3
0
1
5
0
0

1
1
5
1
1
1
2
1

l 00

5.0~7.0

15~30

15~33

5
.0~7. 0
5
.0~7. 0
4
.0~7. 0
4.0~7. 0

15~33

4.0~7.0

20~30

20~30(40)

4.0~7.0
5
.0~7. 0

15~32
15~30
15~30

VIB-5
e
VIB-10-e
VIA-3-b
VIA-3 C
VIA-3-d
VIA-3-e
VIA-3-f
VIA-3-g

430~1200
390~1250

25~46

2.0~2.5
2.0~2.5

900
1
1
0
0

2230
2100

1
6
3
0
1
5
8
6

20~35

2.0~3.5

20~45

20~35

2.0~3.5

320~ 7
00
350~ 8
20
320~ 6
4
0
3eo~ 8
20
360~1250
320~ 8
30

17~34

2.0~3.0
2.C~3.0

1
4
8
0
1
8
7
0
1
8
6
0
1
7
8
0
1
5
8
0
1
6
5
0

1
0
7
4
1
2
1
2
1
1
6
6
1
2
0
6
1
2
5
8
1
2
7
0

15~25

20~40

6
0
0
5
4
0
5
1
0
5
7
0
7
3
0
800

3.0~6.0
3.0~6.0

15~30

5.0~7.0

VIA-7-a
VIA-7-b
VIA-7-c
V1A-7-d
VIA-7-e
VIA 7 f
VIA-7 -,g

320~
340~
320~
310~
310~
300~
400~

470
6
2
0
5
0
0
6
0
0
7
0
0
7
0
0
6
3
0

1
1
8
0
1
5
6
0
1
5
5
0
1
5
5
0
1
7
2
0
1
8
5
0
1
8
0
0

836
1
0
7
8
1
0
8
2
1
1
8
0
1
2
2
2
1
3
3
6
1
2
9
2

15~25
15~25
15~25
15~25

2.0~3.0
2.0~6.0
2
.0~6. 0
2
.0~6.0

15~30

2
.5~7. 0
4
.0~7.0
4
.0~7.0

22~40
20~43

18~44
20~40

700
6
7
0
7
0
0
6
8
0
7
2
0
860
920

20~34
20~40
20~45

2
.O~3. 0
2
.0~3.0
2
.O~3. 0
2
.O~3. 0
1
.5
2.0~3.0
2.0~2.5

18~36

2.0~2.5

20~40

2.0~2.5

20~47

i
I

!2
.C~3. 0i

15~25

5
.0~7. 0
5
.0~7. 0
5.0~7. 0

15~30
15~30
15~30

15~30

15~30

300 .
( 30~50
Table 5(2)

a)

1 000

No.3124 No.5171

VIA-9 1 209

VIA-2 1 353

b)

T
able5(2)

VIA-7-a

218

22

Table5.

(3)

Anatomicalc
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
s(
3
)

Sample

J
"U

Typeo
farrangement

1:

I
y
c onIP0yrali. t
centn I
IOrm I~ent If~rm I
h
e
a
l l
e
a

3124

5
1
7
1
.2

( )
>

B-I0-e

A-7-a
A-7-b

VIA-7-c
VIA-7-d
VIA 7-e
VIA-7-f
VIA-7-g
<

++
++
++
)
> ++
++
++
++
++
++
( >
]
++

++
++
++
++
++
++
++
++
++ ( )
+

( >
]

+
+ ( >]
++
<<< )
)
>
+
++
++
++ (
++
++
++
++
++
++ i<<(< >)))i l
++
++

( F

VIB-5
e
VIA-3-b
VIA-3-c
VIA-3-d
VIA-3-e
VIA-3-f
VIA-3-g

v-Aliateralil-ate
ra- ntypal B d.usin
a:?

VIA-l-f
VIA-2-f
VIA-3-f
VIA-4-f
VIA-6-f
VIA-7-f
VIA-8-f
VIA-9-f

[([

>]

++
++
++
++
++
++
++
++
++
++
++
++
++
++

j
i
;
j
i
;

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

( >

+
+
+

+
+

+
:
+ l(F

Length Diameter Wall

r
y
s
t
f c
e
l
l f c
e
l
l t
h
i
c
k
n
e
s
sC
a
lc
e
l
l

lat~

A
x
i
a
lparenchyma

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

40~180

50~180
60~220

15~31 1 1. 0~2.0
15~30 1
.O~ 1
.5
.0~ 1. 5
15~30 1
15~30 1
.0~2. 0
16~32 1
.O~ 1
.5

60~180

15~33

50~190

15~32

1.0~ 51

40~200

15~30

1
.0~2. 0

40~160

20~30

0~2.0

80~190
60~1 O

15~40

1
.O~ 1
.5

20~40

1. 0~1.5

70~150
20~150

15~30
15~30

30~200
70~230
70~220

15~30
15~30
15~30

50~170
70~220
50~220

70~220

70~180
70~150
70~220
70~170
70~170
70~200
70~170

1.0~ 5

1
.O~ 1
.5

5
1
.O~ 1
.5
1
.O~ 1. 5
1
.O~ 1
.5

0~ 1.

1106P~42581110~
< 11 0
5

15~30 1
1
.O~ 1
.5
1 15~30 1
1
.O~ 51 16~32 1 1. 0~ 1. 5

15~35 1 1. 0~ 1. 5

1
1
.O~ 1
.5

16~32
15~31

1 1. 0~ 1. 51

+: Present

++: Abundant
: Sometimes

p
r
e
s
e
n
t

: Scarces

): lrregular

form

g ( 30. 0~3 1. 5
<:m) f ( 25. 0~26.

5cm) VI

A-3 b c A f

VIA-7

. Fig.50

D
.

20. 0~2 1. 5cm

VIA-3

Table 5(3)

Anatomicalc
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
s(
4
)

4m

-d++

-++

pmillili--Illi--il--1111--

lili--111111
|
m-m +++++++++++++++++++++++

||L

.
N-m
ppppppppppppppppppkppppPR

Illi--R'

IS

J j J1

J1

j J J J J J1

J8751a155891299

J1JXX

2432333322553333333333333

(((((((((((((((((((((((

4514584855

hR lR hRKEpppLEE

1 J1

J J

flE

Mmp

J
H
)
de
!t UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
Y
K --m
vnh&&&&&nh&&&&&&&&
np&&&&&&&RV

c
e
l
l
P: Procumbent

U: Upright c
e
l
l

E1t

-JH

-'i

ITinuti--'lnu

RU19

b3

Uti--nununu---A'i'inu--111'l1

U4UAU467nv45

68b4566635553445655465666

HMlll111JIlll1
QU600

fkrkf

555-54-4745445333

AU u-rkrLrkrkf

hLh

u4Q

f
K k

pzf

4444343344333444443444

-dd-M

u
p--

---

Ml

x:

-ji

Illl1Ill111111111111

mMh ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
U |6h

m
mo
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3
4 -mB Fr'
r

5
7
6
3
9
0
6
7
5
0
3
5
5
5
7
5
6
JlJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ
MF (L
M
M1U
Ub

hbbpbpppbbLEbb
pp

Illi-1U
b
u
F

j4d

ulh'h

Illi-

lhilili-

+++++++++++++++++++++++

----

fffffffflzhbbcdefEMbedEfg

Withs
t
o
r
i
e
ds
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
s
.

41

Withl
a
r
g
ep
r
o
p
o
r
t
i
o
no
fs
q
u
a
r
e and u
p
r
i
g
h
tc
e
l
l
s
.

Theu
n
i
s
e
r
i
a
t
ep
a
r
to
ft
h
em
u
l
t
i
s
e
r
i
a
t
et
r
a
y
so
f t
e
nh
i
g
h
e
r than m
u
l
t
i
s
e
r
i
a
t
ep
a
r
t
.

(Abaxial parenchym

i~~~~11~!~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
E
-
U | kJihhhhhhhhHHh
t

hH

IllIll111111111-31575A2215741z206527388843
h AAJoJJJJJJJJJJJJJJlJJJJJJJ

V
a

-a

Z -T
U

7:
i
!l

c
e
l
l
S: Square

nt

Un
44 44 JuJJU
Jt
JJ
u

UnpBAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAA
wnwHWWH
WHWH
wuwnwH
W
HWHWH35

0:

h)))

df
Z

E J

lil-
-H11111iM

r U.+++

dd ++++++++++++++++++++++++

mJ ------
.

Sample

hLjt114---lili-----
B

M
NJ

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

-
m 221112111141122121111111

(4)

Table 5.

- 23 11 ()

(
U
n
i
l
a
t
e
r
a
l
l
y aliform) (Unilaterally confluent)

Table

a)

- 24-

218

Table 5. (5)
Anatomical c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
s(
5
)

Axial i
ntercellul
ar

Sample

Form

o
fa
rrangement

ar
~I

3
1
2
4
*
1
5171

V
lA-3-b
V
lA-3-c
V
lA-3-d
V
lA-3-e
V
lA-3-f

+
+
+

+
+
+
+

4C~110
50~130

45~110

50~180
40~150

50~120

55~130

50~120
40~160
35~110

45~130

55~150

55~130
30~ 8
0

5
e
V
lA-.l0-e
A-

T
a
n
g
e
n
t
i
a
ld
i
a
m
e
t
e
r

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+C+)

Radial d
i
a
m
e
t
e
r

r
c
S
o
l
i
t
a
r
y S
h
o
r
ta
r
c1 Longa

V
lA-l-f
V
lA-2-f
V
lA-3-f
V
lA-4-f
V
lA-6-f
V
lA-7-f
V
lA-8-f
V
lA-9-f

c
a
n
a
l

40~160

50~130

30~110(260)

30~150(180)

40~150

40~150

60~140
80~220

60~120

40~160
60~145
60~145

40~140
50~130
50~135
40~160

70~170

55~160
50~180

50~120

40~ 1
10
(
2
5
0
)

V
]A-3-g

Vl A-7-
A-7-b

50~

50~100

35~
35~120
60~135

60~ 1
5
0
(
2
3
0
)

50~140(210)

55~130

40~160

70~

50~110

V
lA-7-c
V
lA-7-d
V
lA-7-e
V
lA-7-f
V
lA-7-g

40~ 1
0
5
(
1
9
0
)

+
+

~12 3

80
9
5

40~

6
0

55~140
50~125

9
5

A-3 Vl A-7 No.3124

20 11
A-1
Vl A-9

Vl A-2 A-8

b)
j T
able5(3)

Vl A-3 b c d

Vl A-7 (a)

Fig.49 A

Vl A-7-a

Vl A-3

E
.
T
able5(4)

11 (

25

1~14

2~4(5) 5~69 1~3

a)

2~4(5) 2 ~ 3(4)
1~3 i

b)

A-3 15cm

VIA-7

g e

VIA-3 b 2~3

2~4

c, d, e, f

g 5

VIA-7

a c 2

3 l d 3
e , f , g 4
Fig. 53~65

VIA-3 b

f A-7 b c
1~3

VIA-3

F
.

VIA-7 e

218

26

Shorea Hopea

T
able5(5)

a)
2 3

VIA-1 , VIA-9

VIA-3 VIA-6 No.5171

{

Table (

).

VIA-3

No.3124

b)

VIA-7 a

VIA-3

b , c, g

e f

VIA-7 a

A-3

b , c {

VIA-7 a e

i
i
)

Table (

A-3-g VIA-7-e

(e {)

A.
e L
TabJe4
B.

- 2
7

11 (
Table

5(1)

2, 3

lmm 2 2~6
110~380

90~310 4~5 200~680

7~9

C
.

390~ 1. 250 20~46 2. 0~2. 5[1

D.
Table 5(3)

60~190 15~401. 0~ 1. 5

E
.
Table 5(4) 4~28

2
3 4

9~56

O. 23~ 1
.27mm

1~5

.
10~25

F
.

1
60~220'60~170

(Table (
5
)

(3)

i
)
8

- 28-

218

Table 1

2 (1) B Table 2

8 Shorea lae RIDL.

i
i
)

(Synonym :S
. laalia ENDERT)

AntllOshorea

Table2

Shorea Antl!osl!orea 1 (Shorea sp.)

5.

(1)
i
)
a) 8 Shorea l
a
e
v
i
sRIDL.

S
h
o
r
e
a laet lia ENDERT S. l
a
e
v
i
sRIDL.

ASHTON 1)

(Synonym) WOOD

WOOD 17) ASHTON

ENDERT

Shorea laevifolia S
.l
a
e
v
i
s RIDL.

b) 8 'horea)

Shorea Hopea

DESCH
Shorea (Eushorea)

11 (

29

(Eushorea Shorea laevis , S

.ochrophloia S. submontana 3

Colelobium Shorea pea

i
e
r
r
e
a

c) Table 2 2 (1) B S
l
l
Or
e
al
a
e
v
i
sRIDL
DESCH
S
.l
a
a
'
i
f
o
l
i
aENDERT

DESCH

1 15

T
able5(3)
-3-b

VIA

i
i
)

7'

(2)

(f) u Table4

b) 4
(1) VIA-3

A-7

VIA-3 , VIA-7

A-3 b

VIA-7

f ( 25. 0~26. 5cm

5cm

(Fig.50) a e f
g

218

30

VIA-3

VIA-7 e
(Fig. 53~58 59~65

1
) ASHTO

P.S.:

ManualoftheD
i
p
t
e
r
o
c
a
r
pT
r
e
e
so
fB
u
r
n
e
is
t
a
t
e
.London , p
p
.125~147

161~167

(
19
6
4
)
.
G
.
:F
o
r
e
s
tT
r
e
e
so
fSarawakandB
u
r
n
e
iandTheirP
r
o
d
u
c
t
s
.Kuching , p
p
.155~ 159,
2
) BROWNE, E
164~171

(
19
5
5
)

i
p
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e
r
o
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a
r
pTimberso
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h
eMalayp
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n
i
n
s
u
l
a
.Malaan F
o
r
e
s
t Records , 14, p
p
.3~
3
) DESCH, H.E.: D
27, 158, (
1
9
4
1
)
4
)F
.A
.0.: Standard nomenclatureo
ft
h
ee
x
p
o
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t
a
b
l
et
i
m
b
e
r
so
ft
h
eA
s
i
a
P
a
c
i
fcr
e
g
i
o
n
.Rome , p
p
.
33 ,

49~51

59, (
19
6
0
)

5
)F
o
r
e
s
tDepartment , Sarawak: T
r
e
e
sandTimberso
fSarawakandB
r
u
n
e
i
.Lea
f
Ie
tNo.ll , 16, 1
7
6
) HILDEBRAND , F.
H
.
:RevisedL
i
s
to
fTree species, c
o
l
l
e
c
t
e
di
nt
h
ed
i
v
i
s
i
o
n Bulungan andBerau"
(
E
a
s
t
B
o
r
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e
o
)
. Reportoft
h
eF
o
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s
tR earch Institute , 55 , p
p
.9,
7) :

48~50

(
19
5
2
)

RevisedL
i
s
to
fTreespecies , c
o
l
l
e
c
t
e
di
nt
h
ed
i
v
i
s
i
o
n "Samarinda" (
E
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B
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)
.

Reporto
ft
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eF
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s
tResearch Institute, 58 , p
p
.12,

63~67

(
19
5
2
)

8
) HOWARD , A.L
.
:A Manualo
ft
h
eTimberso
ft
h
eWorld. London , p
p
.55~56 (
1
9
5
1
)
fNorthB
o
r
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o
.NorthBorneoF
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e
s
tRecords , 3 , p
p
.33~34 (
19
5
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)
9
) KEITH , H.G.: TheTimberso
10) : 8 (: 1

(1) J[)

190, p
.13 , (
1
9
6
6
)

11) :(: 4
-J (1) n)

12) :

197, p
p
.50~51 (
1
9
6
7
)
(: (No.26))

150, p
p
.123~124 (
1
9
6
3
)

13) :

p
p
.13~14 16~19 (
1
9
6
2
)

1
4
) REYES , L
.
J
.
:P
h
i
l
i
p
p
i
n
eWoods. Manila, pp.272 , 296, 312~313 315~317 323~324 (
1
9
3
8
)
1
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)S
p
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Tree S
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tRecords , 16, p
p
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1
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) SYMINGTON, C
(
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)
1
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) WOOD ,

G.H and

p
p
.50~62

W. MEIJER: Dipteroca

157~189

(
19
6
4
)

of

Sabah(
N
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.Sabah F
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Fig.53

A-3-b

F
i
g
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6 VIA-3-e

2181}

F
i
g
.5
4 VIA-3-c

F
i
g
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5 VIA-3-d

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i
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7 VIA-3-f

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8 VIA-3-g

 11 ( i

F
i
g
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F
i
g
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2 VIA-7-d

F
i
g
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F
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3 VIA-7-e

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l
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5

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I
7
c

F
i
g
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5 VIA-7-g

 11 (

(Explanationoff
i
g
u
r
e
s
)
Plate1

WA-1-fBangkirai

F
i
g
. 1 :C
.
S
.(x1
0
)

F
i
g
. 2 :C
.
S
.(x5
0
)

F
i
g
. 3 :T.
S
.(x5
0
)

F
i
g
. 4 :R
.
S
.(x5
0
)
Plate2

VIA-2-fB
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
i

F
i
g
. 5 :C
.
S
.(x1
0
)

F
i
g
. 6 :C
.
S
. (x5
0
)

F
i
g
. 7 :T
.
S
.(x5
0
)

F
i
g
. 8 :R
.
S
. (x5
0
)
Plate3

V
IA-3-fB
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
i

F
i
g
. 9 :C
.
S
.(x1
0
)

F
i
g
.1
0 :C
.
S
.(x5
0
)

F
i
g
.1
1 :T
.
S
.(x5
0
)

F
i
g
.1
2 :R
.
S
.(x5
0
)
Plate4

VIA-4-fBang>drai

F
i
g
.1
3 :C ( x1
0
)

F
i
g
.1
4 :C
.
S
.(x5
0
)

F
i
g
.1
5 :T
.
S
.(x5
0
)

F
i
g
.1
6 :R
.
S
.(x5
0
)
Plate5

VIA-6-fBangl rai

F
i
g
.1
7 :C
.
S
.(x1
0
)

F
i
g
.1
8 :C
.
S
.(x5
0
)

F
i
g
.1
9 :T
.
S
.(x5
0
)

F
i
g
.2
0 :R
.
S
.(x5
0
)
Plate6

VIA-7-fB
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
i

F
i
g
.2
1 :C
.
S
.(x1
0
)

F
i
g
.2
2 :C
.
S
.(x5
0
)

F
i
g
. 23 :T
.
S
.(x5
0
)

F
i
g
.2
4 :R
.
S
.(x5
0
)
Plate7

VIA-8-fB
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
i

F
i
g
.2
5 :C
.
S
. (x1
0
)

F
i
g
. 26 :C
.
S
.(x5
0
)

F
i
g
.2
7 :T
.
S
.(x5
0
)

F
i
g
.2
8 :R
.
S
.(x5
0
)
Plate8

VIA-9-fB
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
i

F
i
g
. 29 :C
.
S
.(x1
0
)
F
i
g
.3
2 :R
Plate9

F
i
g
. 30 :C
.
S
. (x5
0
)

F
i
g
.3
1 :T
.
S
.(x5
0
)

(x50)

3
1
2
4B
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
i(
S
h
o
r
e
al
a
e
v
i
f
o
l
i
a ENDERT)

F
i
g
.3
3 :C
.
S
.(x1
0
)

F
i
g
.3
4 :C
.
S
. (x5
0
)

F
i
g
.3
5 :T
.
S
.(x5
0
)

F
i
g
.3
6 :R
.
S
.(x5
0
)
Plate1
0

5
1
7
1 Selanganbatukumus (
S
h
o
r
e
a 1

F
i
g
.3
7 :C
.
S
.(x1
0
)

F
i
g
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8 :C
.
S
.(x5
0
)

RIDL.)

F
i
g
. 39 :T
.
S
.(x5
0
)

F
i
g
.40 :R
.
S
.(x5
0
)
Plate11

V
I
B
5
eWhitem
e
r
a
n
t
i

F
i
g
.4
1 :C
.
S
.(x1
0
)

F
i
g
.42 :C
.
S
.(x5
0
)

F
i
g
.43 :T
.
S
.(x5
0
)

F
i
g
.44 :R
.
S
.(x5
0
)
Plate12

V
I
B
1
0
eWhitem
e
r
a
n
t
i

F
i
g
.45 :C
.
S
.(x1
0
)
F
i
g
.48 :R
.
S
.(x5
0
)

F
i
g
.46 :C
.
S
. (x5
0
)

F
i
g
.47 :T
.
S
.(x5
0
)

31

218

32

Plate13
.
S
.(x1
0
)
F
i
g
.49 : A-7-a C
Showing

t
h
ep
a
r
tn
e
a
rp
i
t
h
.

F
i
g
. 50 : A-7-e C
.
S
.(x50) Relatively
t
h
i
n
w
a
l
l
e
dl
i
b
r
i
f
o
r
mf
i
b
r
e
st
i
s
s
u
ef
r
e
q
u
e
n
t
l
y occuredi
nt
h
eground t
i
s
s
u
ewhichc
o
n
s
i
s
t
st
h
i
c
k

w
a
l
l
e
dl
i
b
r
i
f
o
r
mf
i
b
r
e
s
.
S
h
o
r
e
al
a
e
v
i
sRIDL.)
F
i
g
.5
1 :5171 , R
.
S
. (x200) , Selangan batukumus (

Rhomboidal c
r
y
s
t
a
lc
e
l
la
r
es
e
e
ni
na
x
i
a
lparenchyma.

F
i
g
. 52 : B-5-e R (x 200)
S
i
l
i
c
ac
r
y
s
t
a
l
sa
r
es
e
e
ni
nr
a
yparenchymas.
Plate14 : A-3 B
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
i
T
.
S
. x25)
F
i
g
. 53~58 (
Showingv
a
r
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
yo
ft
h
er
a
yt
i
s
s
u
ei
nt
a
n
g
e
n
t
i
a
ls
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
.
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
i
Plate15 :VIA-7 , B
F
i
g
. 59~65 (
T
.
S
. x25)
Showingv
a
r
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
yo
ft
h
er
a
yt
i
s
s
u
ei
nt
a
n
g
e
n
t
i
a
ls
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
.

n
. IdentificationandAnatomicalCharacters ofBangkirai
andWhiteMerantiWoods grow

in

Kalimantan

Y
a
i
c
h
iKOBAYASHI

(Rum
Int
h
i
spaper t
h
eauthor made as
t
u
d
yo
fi
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n and a
n
a
t
o
m
i
c
a
lc
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
sone
i
g
h
tl
o
g
s
of Bangkirai" and twoo
f White meranti", whichwereo
b
t
a
i
n
e
dfromKalimantan, Indonesia, f
o
r
aprogramo
ft
h
es
e
r
i
e
s
s
t
u
d
yof The P
r
o
p
e
r
t
i
e
so
fT
r
o
p
i
c
a
lWoods' Bangkirai" woodswere
st
h
o
s
efrom S
h
o
r
e
al
a
e
v
i
s and White m
eranti" t
h
o
s
efromt
h
es
p
e
c
i
e
sb
e
l
o
n
g
i
n
gt
o
identified, a
n
t
h
o
s
h
o
r
e
ao
ft
h
eGenusS
h
o
r
e
a
.A
natomicalc
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
so
ft
h
e
s
ewoodsa
r
eshowni
nTable5
.
t
h
eS
e
c
t
.A

1
.

(1)
(2)

(Shorea

l
a
e
v
i
sRIDL.) 6

(Sh sp. S
e
c
t
i
o
nAnthoshorea) 2

(1)

(2)

11 (

33

1
.
(1)

Table 1

1
4

]ISZ2103 30mm () x30mm () x5mm

(
()

5mm

x30mm () x60mm (

91

28

Table 1.
Number o
fI
o
g
s and s
p
e
c
i
m
e
n
sf
o
rt
h
et
e
s
t
I

S
p
e
c
i
e
s

Shoea [evis

S
h
o
r
e
as
p
.
t

(2)

Lognu
mber

INumber

9
1

VIB 5, 1
0

28

1
1
9

T
o
t
a
!

1
ogs |1Number 0f spe
cimens

of

VIA 1, 3
7, 8 , 9,

u ]IS Z2103 ( 15%) (15%)'

% (%) (f 3
1/100mm

1/1 000 g

( av%) (Rkg/m3) (ro

'g/cm 15% (r'5 g/cm 3 )

2
.

(1)
( 15%) {

(X) Table2 Tab!e

'34

218

Table2.
S
h
r
i
n
k
a
g
eandd
e
n
s
i
t
ya
t

S
p
e
c
i
e
s

Log
number

VIA-1

Repres
e
n
t
a
t
i
v
e
f
i
g
u
r
e

VIA-7

7
4
.
6
1
2
.
6
7
3
.7
0
3
.
9
0

6
0.413
0.380
0
.
3
9
2
0
.
3
9
3

6
0
.
2
0
9
0
.
1
8
0
0
.
1
9
3
0
.
1
9
4

6
2
.
5
7
2
.
8
1
2
.
8
4

1
.
1
9

n
Max.
Min.
x

9
0.416
0
.
3
3
6
0.394
0
.
4
0
7

9
0
.
2
9
1
0
.
2
2
7
0
.
2
6
0
0
.
2
6
1

9
3
.
6
3
2
.
8
7
3
.
2
2
3
.
1
4

9
2
.
1
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1
.0
1
1
.1
6

1
.8
7
1
.1
5
1
.44

46
46
6
.
1
8 0
.
3
2
3.64 0.10
4.75 0.16
4
.
6
7 IO
.1
6

3 0.42112.01

1
4I
1
4I
1
4I
1
4I
1
4
1
.96 I O
.1
7I 4
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.4
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:
0780011246017957
1
.2
1 I 0.06 I 3
.
5
2 I 0.25 I 11
.0
3
1
.0
4t 0
.
0
7I 3
.
1
9I 0
.
2
6t 1
0
.
5
2

1
4
0
.
7
1
0
.
5
1
0
.
5
7
0
.
5
8

218

36

15 :( 15%)

Shrinkagep
e
r
c
e
n
twheng
r
e
e
nt
oa
i
r
d
r
y (15%m
o
i
s
t
u
r
ec
o
n
t
e
n
t
) (%)
(Remarks) : 1% (%)
Shrinkagep
e
r
c
e
n
tp
e
ru
n
i
tm
o
i
s
t
u
r
ec
o
n
t
e
n
t (%).
: (%)

Shrinkage p
e
r
c
e
n
twhen g
r
e
e
nt
o ovendry (
%
)
.

t :
T
a
n
g
e
n
t
i
a
ld
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
.
r :
Radial d
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
.

A
x
i
a
ld
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
.

Volume.
R: (kgfm 3 )
3)
.
Bulkd
e
n
s
i
t
y (kgfm

r
o : (gfcm 3 )
Apparentspecic g
r
a
v
i
t
yi
n oven dry (gfcm3).
rl5:

15% (gfcm 3 )

Apparents
p
e
c
i
f
i
cg
r
a
v
i
t
yi
na
i
rdry (
a
t 15% m
o
i
s
t
u
r
ec
o
n
t
e
n
t
) (gfcm s:,.

Numbero
fmeasurements.
Max.:

Maximumv
a
l
u
e
.
Min.:

Minimumv
a
l
u
e
.

X :
Meanv
a
l
u
e
.
X:

Meanv
a
l
u
eweightedby t
h
e area , r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
d byeachspecimen, i
nt
h
e c
l
i
s
k
.

Table2 X VIA-l 768 kgfm 3

11 (

741 kgJm 3 3) 7)

VIA-9 685 kgfm 3

490

3
7~

X 2

kgJm 3

X A-6 14.26%

VIA-3 12.52%

13.62%

X 1 1. 09%

Fig.1 ~ 3

Fig.4 ~ 6

Fig.1

600kgJ m 3

(Fig.7)

5)9)
Table 3

'"
RnJ J

(
1
.
ivt

tm

E
E

Shr

.
'
lk
t
l
s
ewn

8
"
l
kd sity

F
i
g
. 1

greert to ' !i d

Fig.2
()

Frequencypolygon o
fbulk d
e
n
s
i
t
y
(
B
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
i
)
.

Frequency polygons o
fradial , t
a
n
g
e
n
t
i
a
l andv
o
l
u

m
e
t
r
i
cs
h
r
i
n
k
a
g
ewhengreen t
o oven dry
(
B
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
i
).

( )1

s
o
o

Q20

5h kage n

g
rt
:e
nto

n d

F
i
g
. 3
(

Frequencypolygon ofaxial s
h
r
i
n
k
a
g
e when
green t
o ovendry (
B
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
i
)
.

Bulk density

F
i
g
. 4 (

Frequencypolygon o
fbulkd
e
n
s
i
t
y("'hite
m
e
r
a
n
t
i
)
.

- 38-

218
.3

R
a
d
i
a
l
d

e
c
t
l
o
n

Tq;I$~ til

Volum

dir' t

Shorea b
r
a
c
t
e
o
l
a
t
a

(2)

Fig.5

10

5h k113e gr.';;I;n

t
donmd

Frequencyp
o
l
y
g
o
n
so
fradial , t
a
n
g
e
n
t
i
a
l andv
o
l
u
m
e
t
r
i
c
s
h
r
i
n
k
a
g
ewhengreen t
ooven dry (White m
e
r
a
n
t
i
)
.

Fig.7

Fig.

Fig.7

30%

Fig.8

Q'

nT

B- lO 50

Shr!nkd
.
$
e whensren t
o 0n d.

F
i
g
.6

% 70% L

Frequency polygon ofaxial s

h
r
i
n
k
a
g
e when
green t
o oven dry (White m
e
r
a
n
t
i
)
.

2
2

Table 3.
Comparison between t
h
ev
a
l
u
e
si
nt
h
i
sr
e
p
o
r
t and t
h
e
s
ec
i
t
e
di
nt
h
el
i
t
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
s

Vernacular
name

B
o
t
a
n
i
c
a
l
name

Bulk d
e
n
s
i
t
y
3)
(kgJm

s
hrinetLiFP
(
g|re
enRtoado
lvaelndry

L
i
t
e
r
a
t
u
r
e

Th
is r

e
p
o
r
t

7
4
1

9.03

4
.7
5

7
3
0

8
.
3

4
.
5

1
0
)

8
0
0

9
.
3

4
.
2

5
)

S
h
o
r
e
as
p
.

490

7.56

3
.
3
9

S
h
o
r
e
a
b
r
a
c
l
e
o
l
a
ta

480

8
.
2

4.4

S
h
o
r
e
al
a
e
v
i
s

Th
is r
e
p
o
r
t

11 (

1\/

Sh retJ

7A1
'
7 A -3
vl A -6

lae S

--0-

l
7
TA-7
l
7
TA-8

--YTA-~

H4

J
F

v__

L A

5horetl

sp

- V
TB-5
- 1
'
7
8 -10

C; t

<0

39

V~

6/XJ

,r.JI

'vl __ me

"lume

MJ

MF
?n-w

za

T
a
n
s
e
n
t
i.
l
dedion

101

<>

'
<

'i!

Rad
i
a
l

5~

d;rec!t/c

Rdd
i
t
Jl
d
i
r
e
d
i
o
n

fh

s
o

11

&J
r
k

50

( j

&r*

th

f.: r:1J

Re disb n
c
e from

R
e
l
a
f
i
v
ed
;
5
t
a
n
c
ef
r
o
mp
i
t
h

F
i
g
. 7

F
i
g
. 8
(

T
r
a
n
s
v
e
r
s
a
ld
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
no
fbulk d
e
n
s
i
t
y and
s
h
r
i
n
k
a
g
ewhen green t
o ovendry i
nr
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
t
or
e
l
a
t
i
v
ed
i
s
t
a
n
c
e from p
i
t
h(
B
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
i
)
.

3
.

T
r
a
n
s
v
e
r
s
a
ld
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
no
f bulk d
e
n
s
i
t
y and
s
h
r
i
n
k
a
g
e when green t
o oven dryi
nr
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
t
or
e
l
a
t
i
v
ed
i
s
t
a
n
c
efromp
i
t
h(Whitem
e
r
a
n
t
i
)
.

(1)
(R) Fig.9
v 17 R~21R

21

Table4 Table4 VIA-3

16.6

VIA-9 20.4 19.0

JR

10 Shorea ( Eushorea ) R

.a v

40

218

2/R

28R
/6.
(
J
)

/"

./'

c
n

0
.
D

~ d

@
;
z
@ J/f7R
A_

RU ~ .
.

~r

'
"

Dac.4 "
:
_

"'_/

/~

_
;
y
-

}\';.-
S~retJ.

l
a
e
v
i
s

VTA-/

VTA

S
h
o
r
e
as
p
.

-3

v1 A

-6

v1 A - 9

..WB-S

J7T B-/O

VTA - 7
o VTA-8

0
.6

Bu/kd
e
n
s
i

t
Fig.9

R
e
l
a
t
i
o
nbetweenv
o
l
u
m
e
t
r
i
cs
h
r
i
n
k
a
g
ewhen green t
oovendry
and bulkd
e
n
s
i
t
y
.

Table4
. JR
Value of vJRon each s
p
e
c
i
e
s and l
o
g

S
p
e
c
i
e
s

JR

Max.

VIA-l

2
0
.
0
1
7
.
3
2
3
.
9
2
2
.
5
1
8
.
8
2
5
.
6

1
7
:4
1
5
.
7
1
7
.
9
1
7
.
4
1
8
.
0
1
8
.
7

1
8
.
4
1
6
.
6
1
9
.
8
1
9
.
4
1
8
.
4
2
0
.
4

2
5
.
6

1
5
.
7

1
9
.
0

2
8
.
9
3
5
.
6

2
0
.
9
2
0
.
5

2
3
.
5
2
5
.1

3
5
.
6

2
0
.
5

2
4
.3

A-3

VIA-6
VIA-7
VIA-8
VIA-9

S
h
o
r
e
al
a
e
v
i
s

Table4

Over a
l
l

V
I
B
5
V
I
B
1
0

S
h
o
r
e
as
p
.

IMMin. IM

Lognumber

Over a
l
l

JR 35.6 20.5

24.3 1) JR 28
vJR Fig.

10 , Fig.ll Fig.10

JR {i 30%

Fig.ll

JR VIB-5

VIB-10

50%

JR

11 (

$_'"

Sh rea sp

Shoreala e.~i's
'>- V
TA - I
_"_VTA-3
-<>-VTA-6
7 A - 7

<
>
-Y
TA
- I
'
TA

41

-< YTB-5

--VTB-IO

-8
-9

1
0
0r%)

50

8D
.r
k

P
i
t
h

P
i
t
h

4
Re/a. te
l
'
1

tn
c
ef
r
o
mp
t
h

Re Uve d;e fr

F
i
g
.1
1 /R (

F
i
g
. 10 vJR (

T
r
a
n
s
v
e
r
s
a
ld
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
no
f v/R v
a
l
u
e
i
nr
e
l
a
t
i
v
edistance om p
i
t
h (White
m
e
r
a
n
t
i
)
.

T
r
a
n
s
v
e
r
s
a
ld
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
no
f .jR v
a
l
u
ei
n
i
t
h(
B
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
i
)
.
r
e
l
a
t
i
v
ed
i
s
t
a
n
c
efm p

(2)
(I/r) ( 15%)
(115/ r 1% (t /r)
Table 5 1% ]1S

Z 2103

I /r

Table5 I /r , t
1
5
/
r15 I /r VIA-3
2.11 , 2.38 2.04

VIA-6 1.

62 , 1
.94

1. 52

Table5. I /r , t
1
5
/
r15 l/r
Valueo
f t/r , t
r
1
5 andt

/
r
oneachs
p
e
c
i
e
sandl
o
g
1
5/

S
p
e
c
i
e
s

Shoea

l
a
e
v
i
s

Shosp.

Lognumber
VIA-1
VIA-3
VIA-6
VIA-7
VIA-8
VIA-9

~ 42

218

3
/
.
0

a9(~m')

05

8
u
l
k dsi

F
i
g
. 12
Relation between t
r
a
n
s
v
e
r
s
e shrinkage aniso
tropy and bulkd
e
n
s
i
t
y
.

V
/

l
i
:t1

; I

j;4J4

jT~~

I
1I ~~

1lG]

So
r
e
t
1 s
p
.

t ./

t /r

F
E 25

_'tF 15

15

VTB-10

E 25

21-

ith

R
e
/
a
+
i
v
ed
/
s
t
a
n
c
ef
r
o
mp
i
t
h
B:

Border between s
a
p
-andh
e
a
r
t
-

wood.
F
i
g
.1
4 (

T
r
a
n
s
v
e
r
s
a
ld
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
no
ft
r
a
n
s
v
e
r
s
es
h
r
i
n
k
a
g
e
a
n
i
s
o
t
r
o
p
yi
nr
e
l
a
t
i
v
ed
i
s
t
a
n
c
efromp
i
t
h(White
m
e
r
a
n
t
i
)
.

1. 89 , 2.30 1. 75

t 1s lr15 t6fr 6

0.55
]3:

Borderbetweens
a
p
-andh
e
a
r
t
-

wood.
_
Fi
g
.1
3
(

T
r
a
n
s
v
e
r
s
a
ld
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
no
ft
r
a
n
s
v
e
r
s
es
h
r
i
n

i
t
h
kagea
n
i
s
o
t
r
o
p
yi
nr
e
l
a
t
i
v
edistance 0111 p
(
B
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
i
).

Table5

tfr , t15fr1 t 6 f r 6
2.16

2.56 1. 96

t 1 d r 15 t fr

0.60

t fr

Fig.12

11(

43

I/r

Ifr
m <p8) Fig.12

t /r ?

2.83

2.05

I/r

t/r t 15 /r15 Fig.13 Fig.14

Fig.13

Fig.14

(3) ( 15%)
( 15%) 15/0

Table 6

A-1 39%

33% 36%
%

VIA-3

A-6 31

VIA-8 28% 30%

A-3 25%

A-7 9% 19%

6)7)8)

40%

34% VIB-5 28%

23%

Table6.
Value of15/0 o
ne
a
c
hs
p
e
c
i
e
sandl
o
g
4J

S
p
e
c
i
e
s

Sho ea

l
a
e
v
i
s

S
h
o
r
e
aS
p
.

V
IB-10 18

 218

44

4.

(Shorea [ uis RIDL.) 6

(Shorea

sp. , S
e
c
t
i
o
n

Anthoshorea) 2

1
.
(Table 2 , F
i
g
.1~ 6)
(Table 3)

2
. (Fig. 7~ 8)
3
. (R) {

(Table4, F
i
g
.9~ 11)

4
. (t /r) (t 15/'15)
1% (t 6 !r6)
t/r t /r t 15 /r15
(Table

5, F
i
g
.12 , 13 ,

14)

5
. ( 15%) (Table6)

1) ;:( 13l

90, p
p
. 109~144 (
1
9
5
6
)

2) :( 15

144 , p
p
. 53~111 (
19
6
2
)

.
]
.
E
.RISDON:Shrinkage and d
e
n
s
i
t
yo
fA
u
s
t
r
a
l
i
a
nand o
t
h
e
rSouthwest
3) KINGSTON , R.S.T. andC
i
v
.o
fF
o
r
e
s
tP
r
o
d
. Tech. Paper, 13 , (
1
9
6
1
)
P
a
c
i
f
i
c woods , C.S. I. RO. , D
.
:Technologied
e
sHolzesundHolzwerkstoffe, E
r
s
t
e
rBand , ZweiteAuflage, Springer
4) KOLLMANN , F
Verlag , Berlin , (
1
9
5
1
)
5
) MALAYANFORESTSERVICE: Trade Leaflet , 5 , (1961) , 8, 9 , (1 964) , 2
0
. (1961) , 21 ,
(
1
9
6
4
)
6) : 1

7) : 4

190, p
p
. 31~61 (
19
6
6
)

197 , p
p
. 61~74 (
1
9
6
7
)

8) : 7
T

206, p
p
. 17~29 (
1
9
6
7
)

9) :(

10) WARDI and P.H. SOEWARSONO :P

r
e
l
i
m
i
n
a
r
ys
t
u
d
yon t
h
ep
h
y
s
i
c
a
landmechanical p
r
o
p
e
r
t
i
e
s
o
fI
n
d
o
n
e
s
i
a
nwoods (
P
a
r
t 1) , F
o
r
e
s
tP
r
o
d
.R
e
s
. Ins. , Report5, Bogor Indonesia, (
1
9
6
3
)

11 ()

45

]
[
. Densityand Shrinkage ofBangkirai andWhite
leranti

Woods growninKalimantan

TatsuoNAKANO andJ
i
s
u
k
e KABUGI
(Rum
In t
h
i
si
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
nwe madc a s
t
u
d
yo
ft
h
ed
e
n
s
i
t
yand t
h
es
h
r
i
n
k
a
g
e ons
i
xB
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
i (Shoa

l
a
e
v
i
sRID L.), and White meranti (
S
h
o
r
e
a sp. , S
e
c
t
i
o
nA
l
l
l
h
o
s
h
o
r
e
a
)l
o
g
s grown i
n Kalimantan , I
n

d
o
n
e
s
i
a
.
Theg
e
n
e
r
a
ld
e
s
c
r
i
p
t
i
o
n
so
ft
h
el
o
g
s andspecimensa
r
e shown i
n Table1
.
Thet
e
s
ts
p
e
c
i
m
e
n
s were takenfrom t
h
eoned
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n along t
h
e medium r
a
d
i
u
si
nt
h
ed
i
s
ko
f
t
h
emiddle l
o
c
a
t
i
o
na
teach l
o
g
. Sampling methods o
ft
h
et
e
s
t specimens and t
h
et
e
s
tmethodsf
o
r
studyo
ft
h
ed
e
n
s
i
t
yand s
h
r
i
n
k
a
g
eweredetermined a
si
nt
h
e metbod o
ft
h
eformerreport.
Ther
e
s
u
l
t
so
b
t
a
i
n
e
di
nt
h
i
si
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
na
r
ca
sf
o
l
l
o
w
s
:

1
. Themaximum , minimumandmeanv
a
l
u
e
so
fs
h
r
i
n
k
a
g
eandd
e
n
s
i
t
ya
teachl
o
gwereo
b
t
a
i
n
e
d
and t
h
e
s
ev
a
l
u
e
sa
r
eshown i
n Table2
. Then, t
b
efrequency polygons o
f bulkd
e
n
s
i
t
yands
h
r
i
n
k
a
g
e
when greent
oovendrys
t
a
t
ea
r
eshowni
nF
i
g
s
. 1~6.
2
. Thet
r
a
n
s
v
e
r
s
a
ld
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
no
ft
h
ebulkd
e
n
s
i
t
yand t
h
es
h
r
i
n
k
a
g
ewheng
r
e
e
nt
ooven-dryi
n
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
nt
or
e
l
a
t
i
v
ed
i
s
t
a
n
c
efromp
i
t
ha
r
e shown i
nF
i
g
. 7 and8
.
3
3
. Ther
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p between t
h
ebulkd
e
n
s
i
t
y (Rgfcm
) a
nd t
h
ev
o
l
u
m
e
t
r
i
cs
h
r
i
n
k
a
g
e (a%)

i
sg
i
v
e
ni
nF
i
g
. 9and t
h
ed
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
no
ft
h
e ./R v
a
l
u
e
si
nr
e
l
a
t
i
o
nt
ot
h
e

distance

om

p
i
t
h on

0 and 1
1
. The v
a
l
u
e
s of v/R a
t eachs
p
e
c
i
e
s and l
o
g
each l
o
gwere a
b
s
t
r
a
c
t
e
da
sshowni
nF
i
g
s
.1
areshowni
nTable4
.
4
. Thev
a
l
u
e
so
ft
h
et
r
a
n
s
v
e
r
s
es
h
r
i
n
k
a
g
ea
n
i
s
o
t
r
o
p
ywhen green t
o ovendry (
t
!
r
) and a
i
r
d
r
y

(
115/r andt
h
eu
n
i
ts
h
r
i
n
k
a
g
ea
n
i
s
o
t
r
o
p
ybasedon a
i
rdrys
t
a
t
et
oover dry (
t/
i/
r/i) were r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
showni
nTable 5
. Furthermore, t
h
er
e
l
a
t
i
o
n between I/r and bulkd
e
n
s
i
t
y and t
h
et
r
a
n
s
v
e
r
s
a
ld
i
s

/
rand 1
1
5
/
r
1
5i
nr
e
l
a
t
i
v
ed
i
s
t
a
n
c
e fromp
i
t
h were a
b
s
t
r
a
c
t
e
da
s shown i
nF
i
g
s
. 12, 1
3
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
so
ft
and 1
4
.
5
. Thep
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
eo
ft
h
es
h
r
i
n
k
a
g
ewhen g
r
e
e
nt
oa
i
rdryt
owhen green t
oo
v
e
n
d
r
y (1
was o
b
s
e
r
v
e
di
nr
e
l
a
t
i
o
nt
o eachs
p
e
c
i
e
s andl
o
g (Table6
)
.

(1)

1-5)

(
1
)

(
2
)

- 46-

218

1
.
Table 1

20crn 2)

( 10crn) 2 B C D

4~5

E 50crn

B
B C D
10
1 6~10 z

Table 1
Narne and r
n
a
r
ko
fr
n
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
st
e
s
t
e
d
i

f:

Group1

Group I

ickn \'idth 1
S
p
e
c
i
e
s B
o
f
f Th
o
t
a
n
i
c
a
l Mark o
10isture
R
a
d
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o
f
(
C
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n
r
n
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b
f
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t
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f
d
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k
e
s
s
s
L
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n
g
(
t
c
h
m
o
)
f
l
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g
s
narne
a
p
(
c
w
m
o
)
od c
n
a
r
n
e
)
d
i
s
k
s
(
c
r
n
) s
o
n
d
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t
i
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n l
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g
c
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n
d
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t
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n
(~;)

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3
4
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-47-

11 (

2.

2) JIS

=2(}
mm a=25mm

3.

( 15.5
Table2

15.5%
0.89 gfcm 3

0.56 gJcm 3

Table 3 x/R)
16.9 km 7.7km. 20.7km

16.3 km 7.5km. 24.2km

(/E) 0.86 X 10- 2
0.33 X 10- 2 0.86 X 10- 2

0.73 X 10- 2

0.26 X 10- 2 0.96 X 10- 2 lnxJE

maxJE

pJamax) 0.58 0.77 i

0.79

0.54 0.77 0.81

(c) ( t)

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r+1

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r=___!!!__
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l (br) 0.86~
0.90

0.94 (C/'R)

4.5

4.1

VI A-6

5.3 ('R) ('T)

'T/R 1. 22 20%

(c/Hl)

80 2
(a/Ru 2 ) 1. 7
2.6

Table4 Table

 218
48

Table 2.
R
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s
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t
s ofs
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lili---irill-

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49

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1

mm: lmm

2mm:2mm

% :5%

Hl

I
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Compressives
t
r
e
n
g
t
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o 1m mo
fs
i
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e
n
g
t
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n
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t
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Compressive s
t
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o 5% o
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a
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2.1 1. 7 Table7

RjT 2.3 3.21. 8 max/E

0.81 RjT

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 218

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Table4.
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qu

~~~1J.L~

87S7

|ll

O3

H
L~L~~~1

%4m5n7m74ml

--46264-l

O(62

lm

irLU

O(111l1111111li--Illi--11111ll

m~m~~~~9~
m
hammmB

EAOO

l22l

rQ9J
m

anhh

2
A6u

1-1
J

M
( nC

r
m

l!iIi|||!i

2614l

|||i|||

||l

J4 A4 J~J4

nunv

2
431li81liO2q3

b
5

mMmMmM
-w
m
M
m

=i

=d

!
!jii1

Wi
||
||
J

U
1| 1

~~~~~44

4lm6

7
m

QUQ

p
pd

K 934042

~
JJ~

8867

=j-974ndnu

=l191212181

=r mF7753

=UqJfifDU

m
'~~~~~mu~
u
m u
rh

Illi--lIlli--J
||l

M4U
lU9OU4Mm
=PU
bu=~~~~~~

02-1069~08117 322 40.7 35 1

l
i

3
.8~4. 6
70~87
;0.83~ 1. 12i
2.1~2.9

4
.
1
8
0
0
.
9
3
2
.
7
0
.
9
6
2
5
.
3
2
4
.
2
0
.
8
0
0
.
2
6

3
.7~5. 8
66~92

'
D
.24~0. 3
1O
.76~0. 8
3
'1
8
.C~26. 52
3
.3~27. 6
1
0
.66~ 1
.1 1
.9~2. 0

3.4~6.

66~96

7
3
99~1.

.0~2. 0
0 58~089113M7115M121058~i 1 1

4
.
5
7
9
1
.2
4
1
.7
I

2
0
.
7
3
.
9
"
U
.
,
I 2
~U"'
I

0
.
7
9
0
.
3
3 I
1 u. "

0 38J-!-

4
.
4
7
7
1
.3
2
1
.9
~88

2
5
.
2
2
2
.
2
0
.
8
0
0
.
2
7

3
.4~4. 7
70~82

.
04~ 1. 3
6

4
.
3
7
7
1
.2
5

4.8~6.0

1
.07~ 1
.4
8
1 79~96

O
.30~0 N8115M712! 01

5
.
3

I 8
5

! 1.24
033!OBol216(255(083l

3
1~O. 4
1O
.63~0. 8
7
1
1
3
.9~23. 61
5
.3~23. 7
.
0
.83~0. 9
9
1 1
.O~ 1
.7 1
0
.99~ 1.2
0
1 7
1~95
.

8
1
1
.4
~88

2
0
.
0
1
7
.
2
0
.
7
8
0
.
3
7

C/TR

c/Hl
rT/rR

It/Et
1
0
-2

1
02km

IEt/Ru

R
e
l
a
t
i
o
n

Tensionp
a
r
a
l
l
e
lt
og
r
a
i
n

gram

It/Ru
km

l
0
-2

p/t
c/Ec

- 51 11 ()

p
r
o
p
e
r
t
i
e
s(
A
i
rdryc
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
)

218

52

Table5. (
R
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
samong m hanical prop ties (
A
i
rdryc
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
)

IS tatic be
n1

I~

Marko
fI
~ I
l
o
g
s 1"'1
| I
Mean
1

v1A 3

|
Mean

VjA- 6

~~_____ ><-'-,

/b
(
'
1

|hC0JPress
522iiH

leel

I ubJEb IpJc
110-2 1

t
:Q

U 7v

1" ~ 1 1" 0 "

Range

VIA-8

v.o

0
1

1
"
'
1

Me;~

1<=

V ov

n Ln

v
.u
v

VIA-9
|

Range

00

v
.U~

11
1
1
.
1
1

1, t ~
,..,. i
1
1
0U
l
-1
.l
l
i
I

f
"
I

1"1

1
t
1
1
.f1O~ 1
.3
4
:

'1'1

1"/ _

24

(,,\"l

1
I
Mean

11
.06~ 1
1
1
.
2
31

IcJHl Ic/TR

1" t::::_.( L
" 0 n 3
l
Rall! ~ [
0
.55~0. 64)
o.lJ 2~0. 9
1

T!TR

0
0
Io
.60 I O
.88 I
n Ln

.
.
.
"

1"0
L') 7
i
I
1
.u63~0.
O
.
8
6
1
I
V
o
,.
-v
.11
l
l
v
o75~0.
'
v
'v
.u
U
I

I
1

f
'
I 0('

1
0
-2 1
J

Range . ,JJ.- -v V 7U;

f
'
l Q'
J

v <) 7

'1,1

f
"
'
l
_

. <'1

| Lo!n 0 nl

I
Me;~ JI!".

u U \.J jV

I 0.62
f
"
L '1

U
.

-V.

0
.
8
7

1
.
1
9

In 01 1n _.n 0
0
Overa
l
l, R
ange
I .;. . u I;'.r -U 7
V

A
.

4U

,,

hd

nv

QJFD

f
"
I

'
"
1

1
"

nJL
q

liqu

B-10

l
00
0
.
7
3
0
.
8
4
0
.
2
5
1
.0
8
Mean
V ';J
1/"'\ A _n /..,. 1" r ...~
0., 1.. . r_ ",, 1
Range
p 49~71 ~O. 8210 75~0 . 2
1~O. 2
9
11
.01. 14

Table 6. (
R
e
s
u
l
t
so
fc
o
m
p
r
e
s
s
i
o
np
e
r
p
e
n
d
i
c
u
l
a
rt
og
r
a
i
n tts (
A
i
rdryc
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
)

Marko
f
l
o
g
s

F
ositionin
D
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
nc
r
o
s
ss
e
c
t
Q
n
o
fl
o
a
d I

VIA-3
T

\~B-10

n
M

Range

Me

an

Range

Mean

Range

p: Strain

Mean

Range

a
tp
r
o
p
o
r
t
i
o
n
a
ll
i
m
i
t
.

Ru

gJcm3
0
.
8
9

%
1
6
.
0

p
1
0
3
k
g
J
c
m2 kgJCpII1
gfcm2 1 1
0
-2
1
8
.
0

7
5
.
4
.

0
.
4
0

8
.2~20. 16
.32~0. 4
4
.2~88. CO
O
.86~0. 9
11
4
.5~17. 01
B
0
.
9
2

1
6
.
5

.9
11

O
.91~0. 9
215.5~18.C 1I
.8~12. 14
4
.0~52. C
I
O
.37~0. 43
0
.
5
9

1
4
.
5

9
.
9
1

3
2
.
7

0
.
3
3

2
.0~36. O
4
.0~15. 59.20~10.5 3
.31~0. 3
O
.58~0. 5
91
0
.
5
9

1
4
.
5

4
.
8
2

1
8
.
7

0
.
3
9

O
.58~0. 5
91
3
.5~15. 54
.67~5. 0
616.0~22.C O
.33~0. 4
7

53

9 L:R:T =100:9.5:6.3

11 (
Table

8,

L:R:T

=100:6.0
:
2
.9 L:R:T=100:14.7:9.1

L:R:T =100:101:5.8

7.1:3.1 L:R:

L:R:T=100:

T=100:6.3:3.5

Table10 (B C D) Fig.

1 TjET Fig.2 %

Table11 (R) (T)

RjT f1. 9 1. 9 jE 0.99

Table7. (
R
e
s
u
l
t
so
ft
e
n
s
i
o
np
e
r
p
e
n
d
i
c
u
l
a
rt
og
r
a
i
nt
e
s
t
s(
A
i
rdryc
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
)

|\

!|!| n

Marko
fI
Diron!
~
I'A , E
l
0~s
-
I 0
f
10

a
d~1 1
2
m

Ip

imax

I
/
cm 2
I l0-2 i
12

_1-, J
1

:'_',, _11

B31

0
.
2 I
5
.
Me;~ '
1
"
- I1
1
0
.
2
51
1
.0
0
1

f(

Range

1 Mean
1

~1 1. 0!

~57.7

"T. J U

1 Range

8
5
.
9
8
5
.
9

.
9
5
O
.
8
4 I
Io
0
.
9
5 I
0
.
8
4
0
.
5
9
1

1 9 . 67 .. j38.5"~ ~0.40^ J78.0 JO.89 , J 78 A JO 45

I4.50 I
16Vol7
Il

;
.
5
0
! o
0
.5
0

x I IE I
l
6~
I
pj

I1

1 4 . 00 " JI4.9 ~
1 ~5. 0
7
i

~17.

~0.601

~90.31

~1. 041

~0.90i

~0.66

17 I1 61 I1 03

i0
.
34
u
.
v
"T
I "T'.' I 1
.
V
l I1
.
v
v 1
1 0.34
1
0
3
0 .J41 5
n .
23 JO.81 , .J8
8, ~O. 4
3
1 ~54. 0
1 ~1. 8
7
1 ~1. 1
8
1 ~O. 4
3
A

P
o
s
i
t
i
o
ni
nc
r
o
s
ss
e
r
t
i
o
n
.
Radiald
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
.
T:
T
a
n
g
e
n
t
i
a
ld
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
.
max!
S
t
r
a
i
na
tmaximum t
e
n
s
i
l
es
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
.

B:

R:

6
.
3

1
0
0 I6
.0 I2
.9

L: L
o
n
g
i
t
u
d
i
n
a
la
x
i
s
.
R: R
a
d
i
a
la
x
i
s
.
T:Tangentiala
x
i
s
.

1
0
0 17
.
1 I3
.
1

t
e
s
t
s

)T

VIB-10

I 100 i9.5

IT

WAF

Tension

111

VIA-'3,

t
e
s
t
s

Marko
f
l
o
g
s

PA

Compression

Table 8. 3
Comparison o
fYOUNG'S modulusa
l
o
n
gt
h
r
e
emutuallyp
e
r
p
e
n
d
i
c
u
l
a
ra
x
e
s

0
.
9
3

218

54

Table9. 3
Comparisono
fmechanicalp
r
o
p
e
r
t
i
e
sa
l
o
n
gt
h
r
e
emutuallyp
e
r
p
e
n
d
i
c
u
l
a
ra
x
e
s

S
t
r
e
s
sa
tp
r
o
p
o
r
t
i
o
n
a
ll
i
m
i
t

(%)

P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e

Marko
f
l
o
g
s

V
lA
-3

~1

B-I0

147!

l
d
i
o
T

I R/T

1
.6

_
_
5 81

1003.5

1
.8

Table 10. ()
R
e
s
u
l
t
so
ft
e
n
s
i
o
n
.
p
e
r
p
e
n
d
i
c
u
l
a
rt
og
r
a
i
nt
e
s
t
so
fspecimens
fromd
i
s
k
si
nwetc
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n(
T
a
n
g
e
n
t
i
a
ld
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
)

ET

P
o
s
i
t
i
o
ni
n
1ark o
fc
r
o
s
ss
e
c
t
l
o
g
s
lO
n
B

V
lA-3
D

V
lA-9
D

Me
an

R
ange

Mean

Range

Me
an

R
ange

1e
an I

1
0
.
4
9
.
8
1
~1

1
.1

11
.1
10.3
~1

1
.9

11
.9
9.67
~13.4

8
.
4
3

Range

8
.
2
2

h1e
an

8
.
5
8
7
.
4
2

R
ange

Me
an

Range

~8.83

~9.87
7.24

6
.
4
7
~8.54

1
0
-2

4
5
.I
4
2
.
3
~48.

0
.
4
3
0
.
4
3

~0.44

0
.
3
5

4
3
.
2

0
.
3
5

3
6
.
9
~47.1

~0.41

4
8
.
1

0
.
4
1
0
.
3
7

44.4
~49.5

~0.46

4
0
.
5

0
.
4
8

3
9
.
7

0
.
4
5

~42.2

4
0
.
3

0
.
4
7
0
.
4
2
~0.55

3
7
.
6

0
.
5
2
0
.
4
5
~0.59

~40.8

8
2
.
2
7
4
.
5
~89.

Range
Mean

Range

1
.0
8

0
.
9
6
~1.

2
2

~5.46

6
.
8
3
5
.
5
9
~7.92

0
.
5
3
~29.

i0
.
4
4

3
4
.
7
.9
31
~37.5

~0.64

0
.
5
1
0
.
4
5
~O.

5
7

0
.
5
5
0
.
5
1

~0.86

~0.58

0
.
5
3
0
.
4
5

~87.0

~1. 20

~0.77

~0.64

81
.0

0
.
9
7
0
.
7
9

7
5
.
2
~85.2

71
.8
~73.5

7
3
.
6
~76.0

6
5
.
8
5
6
.
3
~72. 4

~1.21

1
.
1
3
1
.0
7
~1. 21

1
.1
5

0
.
9
8
~1.

3
5

1
.0
5

0
.
7
6
~1.

4
6
.
1
4
3
.
5
~52.2

5
9
.
7
5
8
.
0
~63.0

0.70
0.56
~0.89

0
.
8
5
0.83

7
4

1
.4
3

1
9
.
9

0
.
8
0
0.74
0
.
6
9
0.64

1
.2
4
12
4
.7 1O
.5
5
14
5
.1
~4. 9
2 i ~27. 21 ~O. 6
0 I ~48. 8 ~1. 57

4.84

Tp/T

1
.0
0
0
.
7
4

4
.1
8

4.57

Me
an

1
0
-2

Relation

81
.5
7
3
.
5

7
0
.
7

~43.6

3
2
.
8

kg/cm2

6
9
.
3

~0.50

3
3
.
9

max

Me
an

Range

V
lB-I0

3
1
0
2
kgfcm
kg/cm2 I

0
.
6
0
0
.
5
2
~0.66

0
.
5
6
0
.
5
4

~0.89

~0.60

0
.
8
7

0
.
5
5
0
.
4
8

0
.
7
3
~0.99

0.94
0.66
~ 15

~0.58

0
.
5
8
0
.
4
8
~O. 6
9

1
.0
4 I 0
.
5
6

0
.
9
7

I
0
.
5
2

~1
.1
3 I ~O.

6
0

1
.3
4
1
.1
5
~1.

0961056
0
.
9
3
I0
.
4
3
~O. 6
7
6
2 ~ 01

1
.1
8

0
.
9
0
~1.

5
1

0
.
8
9
0.73
~ 07

0
.
5
8
0
.
5
3
~O.

6
5

J1

11 ()

1CO1E

11l

llJill4lll

ILlLILI--

DSbED

lil

__~--8
41%

15

70%

b20

FlMAUEE'hnunu

16%
1 IL--

1114111111

39 6%

VTB1
0

'"

11

-X1

VTA-3

VTA-9

AV

43%

14

Bark

nodoa4

lllll lll l

10

'

66%

3mmmm

70

39

16

1
'
:

nh
x
oooLO

10

41%

15

10

12

~-v

L58?

14

A---A-

E 10'ks/cm'

55

S
i
l
r
k

P
i
t
h

14

43%

71%

P
;
t
h

P
o
s
i
t
i
o
nof

P
o
st
i
o
nf c
r
o
s
ss
e
c
to
n
F
i
g
. 1 T ET

section

F
i
g
. 2 TJET

R
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s between p
o
s
i
t
i
o
ni
nc
r
o
s
ss
e
c
t
i
o
n
andv
a
l
u
e
sofTJET i
nt
e
n
s
i
o
na
l
o
n
gt
a
n
g
e
n
t
i
a
l
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n (Wetc
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
)
.

R
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s betweenp
o
s
i
t
i
o
ni
nc
r
o
s
ss
e
c
t
i
o
n and
nt
e
n
s
i
o
na
l
o
n
gt
a
n
g
e
n

v
a
l
u
e
so
f aTandET i
t
i
a
ld
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n ('\'et c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
)
.

Table 11. (
R
e
s
u
l
t
so
ft
e
n
s
i
o
np
e
r
p
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n
d
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r
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s
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m
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n
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d
i
s
ki
nwetc
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n
d
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t
i
o
n(
R
a
d
i
a
ld
i
r
e
c
t
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o
n
)
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0.89 gJcm 3

3gJcm 0.56 gfcm3

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2
)

(maxJRu) 16.9km

7.7 km 20.7km

16.3 km 7.5km

24.2 km

3
) (m x/E)
X 10- 2

0.33 X 10- 2 0.86

x10

0.26 X 10- 2 0.96 X 10- 2

0.86

0.73 X 10- 2

0.87x
10- 2

0.73 X 10- 2 0.25 X 10- 2

4
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1) : 2
2) : 3 194 , p
p
.7~39
3) : 4 197, p
p
.74~88
4) : 7

5) : 10

190, p
p
.127~133 (
19
6
6
)
(
1
9
6
6
)
(
1
9
6
7
)

206, p
p
.30~41 (
19
6
7
)
208 , p
p
.llf~130 (
19
6
8
)

- 57-

11 ()

N. MechanicalProperties of Bangkiraiand White

MerantiWoods growninKalimantan
Ry zabur YAMAI and Kichi KOND
(Rum
S
h
o
r
e
al
a
e
v
i
s
)
Thispaperp
r
e
s
e
n
t
st
h
er
e
s
u
l
t
sont
h
emechanical ande
l
a
s
t
i
cp
r
o
p
e
r
t
i
e
so
fB
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
i(

andWhite meranti (
S
h
o
r
e
as
p
.
) woodsgrowni
nKalimantan. The t
e
s
t
s wereconducted mainly by
t
h
e methodsprovided i
njapanesel
n
d
u
s
t
r
i
a
l Standards o
ft
e
s
t
i
n
gf
o
rs
m
a
l
lc
l
e
a
rs
p
e
c
i
m
e
n
s(
JIS Z
2111~2117).

Theg
e
n
e
r
a
ld
e
s
c
r
i
p
t
i
o
no
ft
e
s
tm
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
s and t
e
s
tgroups a
r
eg
i
v
e
ni
n Table 1
. The

mainr
e
s
u
l
t
so
b
t
a
i
n
e
dfrom t
h
e
s
et
e
s
t
smay besummarized a
sf
o
l
l
o
w
s
:
a
r
a
l
l
e
lt
og
r
a
i
n test, t
e
n
s
i
o
np
a
r
a
l
l
e
lt
o grain
(
1
) The r
e
s
u
l
t
so
fs
t
a
t
i
c bending test, compression p
h
e
a
rp
a
r
a
l
l
e
lt
og
r
a
i
n test, p
a
r
t
i
a
l compression papendicular t
og
r
a
i
ntest, h
a
r
d
n
e
s
st
e
s
t and
test, s
impactbending t
e
s
tofspecimens a
ta
i
rdry c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
na
r
eg
i
v
e
ni
n Table2
. Ther
e
s
u
l
t
so
ft
h
o
s
e
t
e
s
t
sa
twetc
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
sa
r
eg
i
v
e
ni
nTable4
.
(
2
) Themeanv
a
l
u
eo
ft
h
e apparents
p
e
c
i
f
i
cg
r
a
v
i
t
ya
ta
i
rdry c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n(
m
o
i
s
t
u
r
econtent=about
3f
3f
15.5%).i
s0.89g
Jcm
o
rB
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
i and0.56gJcm
o
rWhite m
e
r
a
n
t
i
.

(
3
)Ther
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
samongmechanical p
r
o
p
e
r
t
i
e
so
fspecimensa
ta
i
rdryc
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
na
r
eg
i
v
e
ni
nTable3
.
fB
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
ia
r
e about 1
6
.
9kmf
o
r mo
Themeanv
a
l
u
e
so
fs
p
e
c
i
f
i
cs
t
r
e
n
g
t
h (maxJRIl Gezahl) o
d
u
l
u
so
fr
u
p
t
u
r
ei
ns
t
a
t
i
c bending, 7.7kmf
o
r maximum c
r
u
s
h
i
n
gs
t
r
e
n
g
t
hi
nc
o
m
p
r
e
s
s
i
o
np
a
r
a
l
l
e
l
1
0g
r
a
i
n and20.7kmf
o
r maximum s
t
r
e
n
g
t
hi
nt
e
n
s
i
o
np
a
r
a
l
l
e
lt
og
r
a
i
n
. For

\hite

meranti t
h
o
s
e

e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
.
v
a
l
u
e
sa
r
eabout16.3km , 7.5kmand24.2km , r
(
4
) Thev
a
l
u
e
so
fmaximums
t
r
e
n
g
t
ht
oYOUNG'S modulus xJE) o
fB
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
ia
ta
i
rdryc
o
n

0
-2f
o
rs
t
a
t
i
c bending, 0.33X 10-2f
o
rcompressionp
a
r
a
l
l
e
l
l
og
r
a
i
nand0.8&
d
i
t
i
o
na
r
e about0.86X 1
f
o
rt
e
n
s
i
o
np
a
r
a
l
l
e
lt
og
r
a
i
n
. Int
h
e
V
h
i
t
emeranti t
h
ev
a
l
u
e
sa
r
e about0.73x10-2 , 0.26x10

0.96X 10-2 , r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
. The v
a
l
u
e
so
fJE i
ns
t
a
t
i
cbendinga
twet c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
na
r
e0.87x1
0
-2 f
o
r
0
-2 f
o
rWhitem
e
r
a
n
t
i
. Thev
a
l
u
e ofcJEc i
n compression p
a
r
a
l
l
e
lt
og
r
a
i
n
Bangkirai , and 0.73x1
o
fWhitemeranti a
twet c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
ni
s0.25X 1
0
-2 a
sshowni
n Table5
.
(
5
) Thev
a
l
u
e
so
fmaximum c
r
u
s
h
i
n
gs
t
r
e
n
g
t
ht
os
h
e
a
r
i
n
gs
t
r
e
n
g
t
h alongr
a
d
i
a
ls
u
r
f
a
c
e(c/rR) a
t
a
i
rdry c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
na
r
e about4.5 f
o
rB
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
i and 4.1 f
o
r White meranti , but t
h
ev
a
l
u
eo
f White
merantia
twet c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
ni
s about4
.9 a
s shown i
nT
a
b
l
e
.5
. The s
h
e
a
r
i
n
gs
t
r
e
n
g
t
ha
l
o
n
g the
r
a
d
i
a
ls
u
r
f
a
c
eo
fB
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
ii
ss
m
a
l
l
e
r than t
h
a
talongt
h
et
a
n
g
e
n
t
i
a
!surface, buts
u
c
har
e
l
a
t
i
o
nwas
not d
e
f
i
n
i
t
e
l
yd
e
t
e
c
t
e
d f
o
r
V
h
i
t
em
e
r
a
n
t
i
.
)a
ta
i
r dryc
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n are
(
6
) Thev
a
l
u
e
so
fmaximum c
r
u
s
h
i
n
gs
t
r
e
n
g
t
ht
o end h
a
r
d
n
e
s
s ( C/H 1
h
ev
a
l
u
eo
f'
'

'
h
i
t
e meranti a
twet c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
ni
s about 1
0
4a
sshown
about80f
o
rbothspecies , but t
i
nTable5
.
(
7
) Ther
e
s
u
l
t
so
fcompression and t
e
n
s
i
o
n perpendicar t
og
r
a
i
n tts a
ta
i
rdry c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n are
h
er
e
s
u
l
t
so
ft
e
n
s
i
o
np
e
r
p
e
n
d
i
c
u
l
a
rt
og
r
a
i
nt
e
s
to
fB
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
ia
r
enot
g
i
v
e
ni
nTables6and 7 , but t
given owingt
of
r
e
q
u
e
n
toccurrenceo
fc
r
a
c
k
.
(
8
) The comparisons o
fs
t
r
e
n
g
t
hp
r
o
p
e
r
t
i
e
sa
ta
i
rdryc
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
nalong t
h
r
e
emutuallyp
e
r
p
e
n
d
i
c
u
l
a
r

:R:Ti
nYOUNG'Smodulusa
r
e1
0
0
:9
.
5
:
a
x
e
so
fsymmetrya
r
eg
i
v
e
ni
n Tables8 and 9
.Ther
a
t
i
o
sL
6.3f
o
rB
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
i(
c
o
m
p
r
e
s
s
i
o
nonly) , and 1
0
0
:6
.
6
:3.0f
o
r',\'hite m
e
r
a
n
t
i
. Ther
a
t
i
o
si
nt
h
es
t
r
e
s
s
.
a
tp
r
o
p
o
r
t
i
o
n
a
ll
i
m
i
ti
n compression a
r
e about 1
0
0
:1
4
.
7
:9.1f
o
r Bangkirai , and 1
0
0
:1
0
.
1
:5.8 f
o
r

'
'

T
h
i
t
em
e
r
a
n
t
i
. Ther
a
t
i
o
si
nt
h
emaximumt
e
n
s
i
l
es
t
r
e
n
g
t
ha
r
eabout 1
0
0
:6
.
3
:3.5f
o
rwhitemeranti

218

58

o
n
l
y
.
(
9
)Ther
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s between t
h
ep
o
s
i
t
i
o
ni
nc
r
o
s
ss
e
c
t
i
o
no
ft
h
ewetd
i
s
kand t
h
ev
a
l
u
e
so
f YOUNG'S
modulus, maximums
t
r
e
n
g
t
h andr/Er i
nt
e
n
s
i
o
nalongt
a
n
g
e
n
t
i
a
la
x
i
sa
r
eshowni
nF
i
g
s
.1, 2and
Table9, r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
. Nod
e
f
i
n
i
t
er
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s due t
od
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
eo
fp
o
s
i
t
i
o
n along r
a
d
i
u
sc
o
u
l
d be d
e

t
e
c
t
e
d
.

V
.

(1)

1.

8 VIA-1

2 VIB- lO

VIA-3 A-8 3

( 2.7cm

2.

90cm Fig.1 , 2

a b 1
2 1

100 0 C

3.

1)-

2 c

100 0 C

(1)

(2)

 11 (

~ 59

dal--tl'AU

i
711111155

v
l8-10

al--tb
d

d44

1'b

l
62cm

F
i
g
. 1
(Vl A-l , VIA-3)
Sawingmethodso
fB
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
il
o
g
s
(VIA-l , V
I
A
3
)
.

F
i
g
.2

(VIA-8)

(VIB-I0)

Sawingmethodso
fB
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
i(
V
lA-8) dWhite
V
lB-I0)l
o
g
s
.
m
e
r
a
n
t
i(

Fig.3

3cm 15~8% 5

4
.
4- 1.

Table1

3 >

12.77

F
i
g
. 3
Measuringmethodo
fs
t
r
e
s
sr
e
v
e
r
S
'
l
f
p
o
i
n
tonB
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
iwood.

218

60

lfli

Vl A-8 2 Vl A

-3, Vl A-1 VIA-3 A-1

VIA-3~ Vl A-1> Vl A-8 JI

>> )1
C Vl B-10-13)

C Vl B-10-13 a, V
lB-10-13b)

1. 22

4
2
. 100 0 C
100 0 C T
able2

Vl B-5

T
able2 3*

Table2 2.7cm

D.B.T.45 0 C, D.B.T.-W.B.T.1
.80C

D.B.T.790C

D. B. T.55 0 C , D.B.T.-W.B.T.3
.60C

D.B.T.830C

4-3.

100 0 C

6
1

11 (

Table 1.

Drying rate , s
h
r
i
n
k
a
g
e and apparent s
p
e
c
i
fc g
r
a
v
i
t
ya
toven-dryed
o
fBangkirai and White meranti

.T.60 C , W.B.T.I

35 0 C
|
0

1
1
VIA 1
1
3
1
6
VIA- 1
0
7
b
08b

VIA- 1
1
4
a
1
4
b

uwhw

VIA- 3
1
4
1
5
1
8

3 10a

1
0
b

10|

VIA

3
1
5
a
1
5
b

0
.
0
9
0
.
1
0
0
.
0
5
0
.
0
8
0
.
0
2
0
.
0
1
0
.
0
2
0
.
0
5
0
.
0
6

o
!

1
) (/

/
h
rx10-2

2
.
6
0

2
.
7
7
2
.
0
0
2
.
4
6

0
.
7
6
0
.
8
0

3
.
1
5

O
.7
8
1
.0
4
1
.1
6

0
.
0
6

1
.1
0

0
.
1
3
0
.
1
5
0
.
1
0

3
.
5
0
3.50
2
.
3
3

0
.
1
3
0
.
0
4
0
.
0
4

3
.
1
1
0
.
9
6
1
.0
0
0
.
9
8
1
.2
8
l
.6
5
1
.4
7

0
.
0
4
0.06
0
.
0
8
0
.
0
7

3
.
1
7

C%)

| i

3
)
Cgfcm

8
.
0
6
9
.
5
3
9
.
6
7
9
.
0
9
4
.
0
0
3
.
7
2
3
.
8
6
7
.
8
3
7.94
7
.
8
9

3
.
5
0
4
.
6
4
4
.
4
3
4
.
1
9
1
0
.
4
3
1
0
.
4
5
1
0
.
4
4
6
.
6
3
6
.
9
0

6
.
7
7

0
.
9
3

8.28
7
.
8
3
8.06
8
.
0
6
4
.
1
7
3
.
6
1

4
.
3
8
4
.
2
7
4
.
2
0
4
.
2
8
9
.
0
3
7
.
6
3
8
.
3
3
6
.
1
4
4
.
9
9
5
.
5
7

0
.
9
0
0
.
8
5
0
.
8
6
0
.
8
7
0
.
9
3
0
.
8
6

3
.
8
9
6
.
3
1
6
.
3
9
6
.
3
5

0
.
7
1
0
.
8
7

0
.
9
2
0
.
8
3
O. 6

0
.
9
5
0
.
9
6
0
.
9
2
0
.
9
4

0
.
9
0
0
.
8
8
0
.
8
5
0
.
8
7

VIA- 8
1
3
1
4
1
8

1
0
a
VIA 8
1
0
b

VIA- 8-14b
1
8
a

V
I
B
1
0
-1
3
1
6
1
7

V
I
B
I
O
- 9
a
9b

B-10-

1
3
a
1
3
b

0
.
1
2
0
.
1
5
0
.
1
7
0
.
1
5
0
.
1
2
0
.
1
1
0
.
1
2
0
.
1
3
0
.
1
3
0
.
1
3

75 0 C

- 62-

218

Table 2
. 100 0 C
Resu
I
tofquickdryingt
e
s
t

(cm)

| l

VIA- 1

1
6
.
5
1
8
.
0

VIA-3

1
9
.
0
22.0

8
8

1
7
.
0
20.0

7~8

V
lB-5

1
9
.
0
22.0

4
4

1~2

B-10

1
9
.
0
21
.0-

3
4

A-

=
-

2~3

1~2

l
%

(%)

(
h
r
)

36.3
36.5

48.0
71
.0

4
5
45

34.6
3
3
.
9

67.0
57.0

4
5
4
5

2~3

3
4
.
9
35.4

34.0
45.3

46
4
8

51
.7
5
4
.
0

25.0
23.0

5
5
5
5

52.5
52.5

25.5
27.0

6
0
5
5

6~7

: 1) ( 2.7cm

(mm)
3) 1~8 1~6
80 0 C
4-3-1.

2 Table 3
Fig.4~6 Fig.7

Table4
1

(1) L

(2)

(100 0 C 1hr) 2 10%

300~342 hr 345~382 hr 1O ~15%

'51j VIA-8

Vl A-8 Vl A-3 =cVl A-l

(2)

Table3 2

VIA-I-04
30 hr A-I-02

VIA-3-05 1. ~oC 2.0 0 C

Vl A-3-03 , Vl A-3-06 ,

Vl A-8-06 19.6~23.8%

11 (

63

a
t1
0
00C t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
COC)

()

(
%)

|( I (

(mm)

1
.8
1
.8

7
9
7
9

2
2
.
5

9
.
8
1
0
.
4

5
.
0
5
.
3

0
.
5
1
0
.
5
1

4.0
1
4
.
0

1
.8
1
.8

7
7
7
9

2
2
.
1
21
.0

8
.
2
7.0

5.4
5
.
4

0
.
6
5
0
.
7
7

4
.
5
7
.
0

2
.
1

1.

7
9
8
0

1
6
.
2
1
5
.
5

6
.
7
9
.
2

4
.
5
4
.
5

0
.
6
7
0
.
4
8

2
.
0
4.0

3
.
6
3
.
6

8
3
8
3

7.4
7
.
1

6
.
7
6
.
5

4
.
1
4
.
3

0
.
5
9
0
.
6
6

1
.0
1
.
0

4
.
3
3.6

8
5
8
3

6
.
5
7.6

7.4
7
.
5

4
.
3
4.4

0
.
5
8
0
.
5
8

2
.
5
6
.
0

19.

Table 3. ()
Drying c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s and number o
ft
e
s
tp
i
e
c
e
s(
B
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
i
)

33.5~37.5

: 1 2

5.0 o C 8.0 0 C 20%

1)

20%

set set

A-1-09 b Fig.7 12.33 L

- 64

218

VJA
-/

60

100 C. 1hr )

- 03

1-066

--.-3-04
3 -086

2
4

--8-15

22

2ljf
(

0864

--i: 8-08

1
2
A
)

20

/
0

o (
h
r
.l

(day)

F
i
g
. 4 ( 1
Dryingp
r
o
c
e
s
so
fB
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
i(
1
s
tt
e
s
t
)
.

V
IA
70

()

/
-02
/- 0
4

.
.
-3-03
3-06

60

-- 8-06

-8-03

~ 5
0
1

B. T.

iS,

20

/0

o
4
(
)
..L
o
2

(
d
a
Y
l
B

Fig.5 (( 2
Dryingp
r
o
c
e
s
so
fB
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
i(
f
l
a
tg
r
a
i
n
)(
2
n
dt
e
s
t
)

2 220 (18~
23%) (1000C lhr)

(3)

- 65

11 ()

V
TA
70

()

OBd
09<
1

8 08<
1
--0-- 8 09d
3

60

'
K
~:L<

50

2
0

/
0

200

240

280

/0

/
2

360

320

400(h

U;--(
d
d
y
!

14

Fig.6 ()( 2 )
Dryingp
r
o
c
e
s
so
fB
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
i(
e
d
g
eg
r
a
i
n
) (2nd tt).

2~3mm cup

(4)

Table4 2
3. 92~5. 03%. 7. 90~10. 21%

1)

12

/.

16

('/.)

-4

F
i
g
. 7
R
e
l
a
t
i
o
nbetweenm
o
i
s
t
u
r
ec
o
n
t
e
n
t
andd
r
y
i
n
gs
t
r
e
s
s
.

i
(5)

2.7cm

- 66

218

Table 4
.
I
n
i
t
i
a
l moisture c
o
n
t
e
n
t ands
h
r
i
n
k
a
g
e fromgreen t
o oven-dry o
fk
i
l
n
d
r
i
e
d and a
i
rs
e
a
s
o
n
e
d boards (
B
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
i
)

C%)

A-3-04

VIA-3-08b

A-I-12
~A-1-06b

NHUHUH

VIA-1-03

VIA-8-15
A-8-16
A-8-08b
A-8-09b

iF

A-1-02
A 04

VIA-1-05b

VIA-3-03
VIA-3-05
VIA-3-06
VIA-3-08a
VIA-3-09a

1
1

VIA 8-03
VIA-8-06

A-8-08a
A-8-09a

>

3
7
.
2
37.5
3
7
.
3

1
0
.
6
9
9
.
6
9
4
.
6
9

4.40
4.76
1
0
.
4
0

3
3
.
5
3
6
.
2

8.56
3.78

35.0
3
5
.
2
35.8
3
5
.
9

9.06
.68

4
.
3
3
4
.
0
1

5
.
2
1

8
.7
2

4.76
7
.
8
9

8.10
5
.
4
9

4
.
4
1
8
.
2
3

7
.
6
7
8
.
3
3
4
.
8
9

3
.
7
2

4.76
4
.
2
5
7
.
7
7
8.74

7.95
8.75
5.14
4.52

4
.
6
7
4
.
4
9
8
.
3
0
8
.
3
8

3
9
.
5
3
7
.
5
3
7
.
3

1
0
.
2
1
1
0
.
2
1
6.66

4.06
4.36
8.94

8.93
8.69
6.58

4
.
0
8
4
.
1
8
7
.
8
6

3
3
.
0
3
4
.
2
35.0
3
4
.
5
3
3
.
9

8
.
0
3
8
.7
9
8.48
5
.
0
3
4
.
6
9

4
.
2
1
4.79
4.20
8.60
9.06

8.25
8.18
8.03
4.13

4
.
6
1
4.48
4.28
8
.
2
4
9
.
3
5

3
4
.7
3
3
.
8
34.6

7
.
9
0
8
.
3
2
4.69
4
.
2
3

3
.
9
2
4
.5
2
8
.
4
2
8.74

8.2

35.

4. 6

7
.
8
9
4.46
4.69

4
.
4
2
5
.
7
7
8
.
5
0
8
.
7
5

: 1 2
2
Fig.5

(1) 2 31~38%

1. 8 0 C 2.0 0 C

2 1. 8 0 C

30%
(2) 20~24% 55 0 C
5 0 C 8 0 C

22~24%

70C

50 0 C

(3) : 20%

12% 15%
15% 2
60 0 C 12 0 C 55 0 C

13%
(4) (1) ~ (3)

11 (

67

ffil
(5) (1) ~ ( Fig.5 , 6

Fig.10
Fig.5

2 1

20%

10%

10% 16 20

10%

21

20~22

43-2.

(1 000C 1hr)

100 0 C
55 C C 3 0 C

5 0 C 60 0 C 1
3.0 0 C
Table 5 Fig.8 9

Table 6
(1)

Fig.8 , 9 10% l
143~148

hr ,

160~164hr

2 97~107 hr 124

hr

Table5. (
Drying c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s andnumber o
ft
e
s
tp
i
e
c
e
s
(White merantiwoods)

COC)

{J

8
0
.
0 I

80.0 I

218

68

80

V
fB-IO ( .li.
+

70

03

100 "c.

Ih ,.)

I
3

05 J
06"1

- 0
8a/

60

(
%
}
j
_
;

()

20

10

60
2

80
3

1
0
0
4

1
2
0

1
4
0

1
6
0

1
8
0 (hd

8(ddY'

Fig.8 ( 1
Dryingp
r
o
c
e
s
so
fWhitem
e
r
a
n
t
i(
1s
tt
e
s
t
)
.

70

.
B
.T
.

80

8-10

3 1
2
L

22~30% 1

1 2

H
.
.30

10%. 17%

20

10

60

80
j

100 ~O(hd
4

6(dayl

F
i
g
'
. 9 ( 2
Dryingp
r
o
c
e
s
so
fWhitemeranti2nd (
t
e
s
t
)
.

2 .

2 .
100 0 C ~
60 0 C 3.5~4CC
55 0 C 4~4. 5 0 C
(2)

 11 ()
1

69

(VIB-10-05) 0.5~2.0mm cup

5mm (VI B-10-03)

2 2.2~2. 7mm cup 1O ~24mm cup

Table6 1
1 1. O1~1. 03

O. 84~0.

99

2 1. 04~

1. 15 O. 98~ 1. 09

2 1 2
1 1

(3)

10%

.Table 6.

I
n
i
t
i
a
lm
o
i
s
t
u
r
ec
o
n
t
e
n
tand s
h
r
i
n
k
a
g
efrom green t
o oven-dry
o
fk
i
l
nd
r
i
e
dand a
i
rs
e
a
s
o
n
e
dboards (White m
e
r
a
n
t
i
)

I
||

(%)

VIB-I0-03
VIB-I0-05
VIB-I0-06a
VIB-I0-08a

VIB-1
O-04
VIB-I0-14
VIB-I0-15
VIB-I0-07a

1
1

1
1

5
2
.
6
5
3
.
7
5
3
.
3
5
3
.
6

5
2
.
9
5
2
.
9
5
3
.1

7
.
5
3
7.94
4
.
6
7
5
.i1

3
.
5
1
4.80
6
.
9
3
8.47

7
.
4
7
7
.
7
0
5
.
3
1
5
.
3
1

36
0
4
.
1
3
7
6
.
7
5
8.34

8
.
8
9
6.94
7.44
5
.
3
3

4
.
3
9
5
.
1
8
3.18
8.08

7
.
7
5
6
.
6
9
7
.
1
7
5
.
4
5

4.14
4.75
3
.
2
3
7
.
4
8

: l 2

'-70

218

2
55 0 C 4 0 C ( 25~20%)
60 0 C 8 0 C 80 0 C 2

6 7~8

Fig.10

5.

2.7cm

1
.

2
. 2.66~3.17

1. 22

3
. 12.3%
4
.
10% 21

5
.

7~8

2.7cm Fig.10

6
.

2.7cm

100 0 C

1) : 1
62~85

8 190

p
p
.

(
1
9
6
6
)

2) : 2

190, p
p
. 134~149 (
1
9
6
6
)
3)

: 4

197

p
p
. 88~ 100, (
19
6
7
)
4) : 7

206 , p
p
. 42~54 (
1
9
6
7
)

 11

-71

V
. DryingSchedules ofBangkiraiandWhiteMeranti
Woods growninKalirnantan
Sh TERAZAWAand Sh hiSATO
(Rum
Th t
e
s
th
a
s been carrd o
u
tt
oc
l
a
r

yt
h
e dryg s
c
h
e
d
u
l
e
so
f 2.7 cm thk board f
o
r two
kindofKalantanwoods.
The r
e
s
u
l
t
so
ft
h
t
e
s
ta
r
ea
sf
o
l
l
o
w
s
:
1
) The coecient o
fdrygr
a
t
eo
ff
l
a
t
g
r
a
board was g
r
e
a
t
e
r

than t
h
a
to
fe
d
g
e
g
r
a
board o
fboth B
a
n
g
k

and '
W
h
i
t
em
e
r
a
n
t

t
h
er
a
t
i
oo
fd
r
y
i
n
gr
a
t
ec
o
e
f
f
i
c

n
twas2
.66~3.17 Bangkai and

1
.22 vVhem
e
r
a
n
t
2
) Concerning Bangkrai , t
h
em
o
i
s
t
u
r
ec
o
n
t
e
n
twhereint
h
edrying
s
t
r
e
s
s s
u
r
f
a
c
el
a
y
e
r changedfrom tensn s
i
d
et
o compressn se
a
l
u
e was e
s
p
e
c

l
l
ylawa
s compared wh many
was 12.3%, whhv
o
t
h
e
r tropalwoods.
3
) The s
p
l
i
to
ff
l
a
t
g
r
a
i
n board o
fB
a
n
g
k

a during kn dryg
occurredfreely , andt
h
e2.7cmthkboards o
fB
a
n
g
k

r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d2
1

days t
obedrdfrom t
h
e itl moture c
o
n
t
e
n
tt
o 10% whereas
Whem
e
r
a
n
t requed 7~8 d
a
y
s
.
4
) Thes
u

a
b
l
eschedu
esof 2.7cm thk boards o
fboth woods
.
obtaedfrom t
h
edrygt
e
s
t
sc
(
)
n
d
u
c
t
e
dtwe wereshown F
i
g
.1
0
.

U
n
s
ut
a
b
l
eI
U
n
n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
1
n
;
!
;
a
l I
s
t
e
a
m
;
n
gI
I
Orj; tmel

2
1d
a
y
s

I7-8days

: l
n
;
l
;
a
lm
o
;
s
t
u
r
ec
o
n
t
e
n
t

c
o
n
t
r
o
ls
a
m
p
l
e
:E
d
g
egrd brd
F. 1
0 Suabledryg
s
c
h
e
d
u
l
e
so
f2.7cm t
h
i
c
k
board f
o
rB
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
i and
Vhi
t
emerantiwoods.

V
l
.

( 6 )

(1)

1.

L
(1)

 218

72

2.

2- 1.
Tab!e 1 VIA-1 A-6

VIA-7 , VIA-8

VIB-5 5

400mm 60mm 0

Tab!e 1.
Sawnboardf
o
rt
e
s
tp
i
e
c
eo
fc
u
t
t
i
n
gt
e
s
t

B
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
i
CVIA-l
)

SawnboadNo.

No

T
e
s
N
t
0
p
.
i
e
c
e

I
I

1
2
3

I
I

(
L)

||(
T)

0
1
0
2

0
1
0
3
1
1

l|

(C)
0
1
1
2
1
1

1
2
3

3
4
1
2

1
2
3

0
2
0
3
1
3

0
3
1
2
1
3

0
3
1
2
1
3

1
2
3

1
2
1
3

1
2
1
3

I
I

1
3
1
4

B
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
i
( A-6)

B
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
i
CVIA-7)

B
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
i
( A-8)

4
11
1
2

0
4
1
1
1
2

1-2

I
0
1
I
0
2
1-6
I
0
2
I
0
1
l - - 7 1 3 1 2

Whltem
e
r
a
n
t
l
C
V
I
l
3
5
)
* Fig.1

01 02 , 11

12

Fig.1 Tab!e 1

Table1

2
60 0 C 10%

1)2) 45 0 20 0 )

F
i
g
.1

3
3

Sawnboardc
u
tfromt
h
el
o
gWhite

m
e
r
a
n
t
iC
V
I
B
5
)
.

- 7
3

11 ()

Z;i 12% i 12 2% 3~4 c

VIA-2 VIA-4 A-6

VIB-5 6 1 600~3

VIA-7, VIA-8,

000mm

33mm 4~13
60mm () 60mmx 30mmx 1 500'
~2 200mm 3~4 VIA-2

VIA

6, VIA-7, VIA-8 4 100m 50m 50cm !

VIA-4 B-5

50m 5
0cm
2-2.

1
) 20mrn_

20m mx50mmx40~25mm

(110 0 C)

Table 2~ 5
50

m mx5
0m mx28mm H

Table 6

2
)
5mm
(110 0 C)

Table6

Kett M-8

Table2~ 5

2-3.

1
) 3 ( 900 r. p.m.
170mm 56 0 40 0 4 1
3

4, 5, 6, 7mfmin (1

3.3

SKH3)

4.4, 5.5, 6.6, 7

.
7mm)

3 m fmin

7mJ
'

min 3 20

1 f (cm) P(kgfcm)

f P P=a+ f a

2
) ( 6 180 r. p.m '
125mm 130mm 56 0 40 0 4
1 SKH3) 20mfmin

0 100, 300, 500 m 50m

-74

218

(L) (D) 70%

3
.

1
)

v
lA1
'1

/
V
o.f
--.4__. " 2
_.

T
f
l
Jn
s
v
e
r
s
ec
u
t
N I P-/.36 ..'] U

A1

#
0
.2p./ j5~'71
#
0
.
'P-.
o
9
0 2
At.' r-I.12"1.64

Av

VIA-6 , VIA-7 ,

VIA-8

B-5 5

3
1 (j)

F4FFJF

?OI4
te
7
0hAm
A
m

UMmn

H PA--e

35'

16605
0b
65a

mf-0000

hh
JtF23
L

(P)

.""

"

./

'

/
/

.
.
.

Table2 ~4

/"

/"

'

.,"""

'
l
(

,/"6,

__/

IO.OV./

/'

./"

__.....

-~4

--~__..-

_
.
.
.
.
-___'-1--.

-:":i j

:~.-

'"

..:::=-_":~-

tn

udm t

A
(
. P 2.34

1
l
I

~~.

.1
.
6
.
0 ~It

II
., 5.020I
I

p 2.'0 .,. ~.80

NO.2P 1 78

010:'--

"
'
1

0
.2

0
.
'

O.

l
1
.
l=
tIJn

o
.
s

0
.6

7mm

Ij
a Table5

5
.
'
.
3I I

t
-

2
)

2.0

0
.1

1 3.3~7.

--~ 40

_.;......-

"",'

_..--

""_._.... 8.0

.
y
:
'

_".,,-

_
.
/
.

F
i
g
.2~

P=a+ f a

0.7 8

VIA-2 A-4 A-

6, VIA-7 ,

f (
(
T
n
)

t
=
e
e
dp
e
r J<nl
l
e

Fig.2 VI-1 1 (f)

VIA-8 B

5 6 (L)

(P)
(D) F
i
g
.7~12
R
e
l
a
t
i
o
n between c
u
t
t
i
n
gf
o
r
c
e (P) and f
e
e
dp
e
r ~ _
k
n
i
f
e(
f
)(
B
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
i VIA-1)
70%

Table6

3
)
13

P=a+ J
L A-1 A-6

VIA-8

VIB-5

VIA7

Table6

VIB-5< A-4 VIA-8 A

-2 VIA-6<VIA-7 L
A-2

VIA-6 A-7 3 1 000m

VIA-4 300m

VIA-4

VIB-5

 11 (

V
IA-6

75

V
IA - 7
.

0 0.-.

I
I
I

l!'<.0.1

tn

Tt;;IIS;'f' f

N
o
.
1p-I.O.~ 2.09 f
Nn.21
'-Q96 1.791
NaJp
..1
.
0
0
'
"1
.
8
7:
;
A
p lOO + /87 T

p 2
.

3QI

l
I
: /'

//

'//

//

ln

/'

"
'
l1
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.0

q4

,,,,
1
C

nuednu

_
' '/'

tn

::

(.'

E q 12.D

2
5
.

-_/

/
4
.
0

'~'

K.'

/ -./

1
8
.
1
2f
No.3 P 5.20'" 2
0
.
0
0f
Av P 4.80'" 18
NO.2P 4. 80+

16 0

h' /
.
J
'
-

tlJ JI']
Cr. wt
#0./ -4.J'. 17. 81

1
8
.
0

///

dp

Y /

b 8.0

E/

/_r "

'.0'/~
/

V
4
.
0

0
.2

Q'5

Feedp
'f'

0
.6

(15

1 'J tI)l W

f(fm)

(
)
i
f
l

F
i
g
. 4 Vl A-7 1 Cf)
0
1
.

.
o
l

0
.2

0.7

1 '}{I J
f
_'
J1
1
1 f(<,,'

Feedper k
f
le

(P)

R
e
l
a
t
i
o
n between c
u
t
t
i
n
gf
o
r
c
e(
P
)andfeedper
lA-7).
k
n
i
f
e( (Bakirai V

F
i
g
. 3 Vl A-6 1 (
(P)

R
e
l
a
t
i
o
n between c
u
t
t
i
n
gf
o
r
c
e (P) andf
e
e
d
p
e
rk
n
i
f
e(
f
)(Bangkirai A-6).
Table 2.
Thea and of l
o
n
g
i
t
u
d
i
n
a
lc
u
t
'"

"

I No.
"
1 T
e
"
t
'" 1 p
i
e
c
e
LO No. "
'
1 No.

V
lA-l

V
lA-6

V
lA-7
A-8

B-5

~
2
3

2
3
2
3

dJJi:-1EZlpZL
o

Jl A

g
r
a
v
i
t
y

c
u
t
t
i
n
g 1c
u
t
t
i
n
g 1Average 1d
i
t
i
o
n
i
n
g
1 Ovendry

I i3
.15'

0.95 I
1
.01'
0
.
9
7

0
.
9
1
0.96 I
0
.
9
3 I

2.30
2
.
7
8

4
.
8
0
5
.
0
2

9
.
6
2 i 1
2
.
0
5 1 1
0
.
8
4
8
.7
6 I 1
3
.45 I 11
.1
1
1
0
.
H
5 I 1
3
.
2
6 I 1
2
.
0
6

0
.
9
1 I
O
.9
1
0.93'

0
.
8
7 I
O
.8
8 I
0.90 I

1
.4
0
1
.1
2

0.60

5
.
5
1
5
.
1
8
5
.
8
0

9.90 I 1
4
.
5
6 I 12.23!
8.92 I 1
3
.
6
0 I 1
1
.2
6
1
4
.
2
1
11
.9
1
9.60
8
.5
0 1 1
3
.5
1 1 1
1
.0
1 I
9.33
1
3
.
4
3 I 11
.3
A
1
3
.
5
6 1 11
.1
3
8.70
1
1
.5
1 '
1
1
.
2
8
.15
- I
11

0.88
0.87
0.89
O
.8
5
0.85
0
.
8
7

2
.
6
3
1
.8
0
1
.8
0

3
.
9
6
3
.
7
3
3
.
7
3

1
.2
0
1
.
2
3
2.77

4
.
0
3
5
.
4
0
4.80

0.54

0.85
0.84
0.86
O
.8
2
0.80
0.83
0.50
0.60
0.55

0
.
6
7
0
.
9
2

2.96
2.64
2
.
9
5

9.90 ,
9
.
7
2
1
3
.5
4

1
6
.
3
9
1
6
.
0
5
-

I
i

a ; P=a f (

12.89'

0.63

0.58 I

1. 0

-76-

218
V
TA-o
'
l

v
l 8-5

n
t 1(1
1

~.

c
:
.
t
l
f

M 2p 1.00 1. 1l 7

10 3 "'.10 . 061
AI' p
.
.081. f .

Av P -O. ,\}

t :;o

mp{qJU

/hv

2
2
.
0

{!dflsvenp C/
f
!

NO.I P"O.t 2
.
0
2
8f
w'} J
'"
0.52" 1
.
7
7
4I
M 3P 0 o f .
'
.
895f

42

rhU
hwu
\
4

Mn

VO.I I' 0..5:: t .', 60

JTj,JtIS\t:rse

42

mp

70.

C
r
o
s
sc
u
t
18.0

/:_ y

Nu f P 8. Q O t 1
3.
74 f

N
(
)
.
:
'P

/' 0.55+19.6.'>1

AI,I

l' 1\ 88+/'14

..'

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~~
J-:;

I
1
1

././

P{'g

//

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1
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1

: I

LO
f
r
Ji
t
u
d
i
n
d
lc
u
f
NO.IP O. ~.(l 3 I

"
'
1 I
O
.
(
)

l ...J/

A.

0.'-

1
.
<
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0
1

c '1

/.4/

y J'"

NU.IP- 7, 73 ,. 1
0
.
l
jO f
/
1
1
0.2P 25" 1
5
.
h20 I
N(l .3P U8 . Ij.8~O f
Av !
'-5
.80"14.830I

//

420

34

L//

odO

Eh

tm

P ..

(j4-~

1
1
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1

C!O ut

d:/

,
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1
6
.
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tn

80

8.3 2 11+.081

V {J, _~

08

QU

6
a

e
Ed

A
ppar
en(glc
e
mci3a
)
ts
p
c
l
h
c
g
r
a
v
l
t
y

Aer I
con-
d
i
t
i
o
n
i
n
gI
Ovendry

1
4
.
0
7
1
4
.
0
2
1
4
.
5
1

1
5
.
4
6
1
4
.
2
8
1
5
.
0
0

1
4
.
7
7
1
4
.
1
5
1
4
.
7
6

0.98
0
.
9
7
0.95

0.94
0.93
0.90

1
.3
6
1
.
3
5
0.90

2
.
2
2
1
.~7
2
.
3
2

1
2
.
5
8

1
3
.
9
7
1
4
.
9
9

1
3
.
2
8
1
4
.
0
6

0.89
0
.
9
2
0
.
9
2

0.86
0
.
9
1
0.88

1
.1
4
1
.2
5
1
.0
8

1
.
5
5
1
.5
3
1
.3
6

1
2
.
5
2
1
2
.
9
8
1
2
.
7
3

1
3
.
6
9
1
3
.
1
1
1
3
.
6
4
1
4
.
3
0
3
.
5
5
1
4
.
3
7 i 1

0
.
8
9
0
.
8
7
0
.
8
7

0.85
0.84
0.86

1
.
0
3
0.96
1
.0
0

2
.
1
0
1
.
7
9
1
.8
7

1
2
.
5
5
11
.8
1
1
2
.
6
4

1
4
.
4
1
1
3
.
7
4
1
4
.
4
9

0.86
0.90
0
.
8
7

0
.
8
2
0
.
8
7
0.84

2
.
8
0
1
.8
7
1
.
3
6

0
.
5
2
0
.
5
3
0.55

0.52
0.48
0
.
5
2

0.55
1
.0
0
1
.3
0
0.18
0.52
0.40

2
3

1
2
.
7
9

VIA-7

2
3

VIA-8

1
2
.
9
9

a ; P=a+ f

FFJ{

c
o
n
t
e
n
ta
tc
u
t
t
i
n
g

cu2tt1inrFg| cAuftLtinFgl1 Average

VIA-6

(%)

10isture

2
3

VIB-5

e
e
d
R
e
l
a
t
i
o
nbetweenc
u
t
t
i
n
gf
o
r
c
e(P)and f
f
)(White merantiVIB-5).
p
e
rk
n
i
f
e(

Table 3.
Theaandof t
r
a
n
s
v
e
r
s
ecut

VIA-I

jn
f
r

7
i

r,

nu

(P)

R
e
l
a
t
i
o
n between c
u
t
t
i
n
gf
o
r
c
e(
P
) andf
e
e
d
p
e
rk
n
i
f
e(
f
)(Whitemeranti , VIA-8).

T
e
s
t
P
N
I
e
o
c
e
.

.,

F
i
g
. 6 B-5 1 (f)

(P)

No.

F
i
g
. 5 VIA-8 1 (f)

ji'Ed

2
0

1 'l! J Ip f ((1
rr' !"'f '
f
l
i
l
i

LO
/
l
(
j
t
't
lldalcuf
A
!
O
.
IP 67
2.9 "
NO.2""a92. 2.MO f
N 3P 00 ,. 2
.950 (
Ap 0.8 0 .. 2, 950 I

1
3
.
7
6

1
3
.
4
8
1
2
.
7
8
1
3
.
5
7

1
.
7
7
1
.9
0
2
.
0
0

1l()

Table4.

77

Thea andof c
r
o
s
sc
u
t

i
i

No.
T
e
s
t
P
N
I
e
o
c
.
e

cuZttinJg |1 cutt!ienpg Average ditioning !Ovendry

1
3
.
8
6

1
3
.
3
4
1
3
.
6
4

0.90
0
.
9
1
0
.
9
7

1
3
.
3
8
1
3
.
0
8
1
3
.
3
6

1
2
.
7
8
1
3
.
1
0

1
2
.
5
6
1
2
.
3
9
1
3
.
0
1

1
3
.
0
2
1
2
.
3
2
1
3
.
0
1

1
2
.
6
8
1
2
.
4
0
1
2
.
8
0

1
2
.
5
9
1
2
.
3
4
1
2
.
4
0
1
2
.
2
7
1
3
.
1
0
1
2
.
9
6

1
2
.
8
8
1
3
.
2
8
1
3
.
4
2

VIA-6

2
3

1
2
.
8
1
1
2
.
4
7
1
2
.
8
3

VIA-7

2
3

VIA-8

2
3

VIB-5

2
3

; P=a+ f

ts
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
g
r
a
v
l
t
y

Af
te
r I
con

2
3

VIA-I

Ap
pa
ren (g/cms)

M
oilst

(%ttiz
u
r
ec
o
n
t
e
n
ta
tcuttmg

1
8
.
6
0
6
.
6
5
.
5
4
.
3
7
4
.
8
0
5
.
2
0

1
9
.
9
3
22.40
1
4
.
4
1

0
.
9
5
0
.
9
3
0.94

0.86
0.88
0
.
9
3
0
.
9
1
0.90
0
.
9
5

1279i
1
2
.
3
6

0
.
8
1
0
.
9
2
0.83

0
.
7
8
0.88
0.85

3
.
0
5
1
.5
0
6
.
1
6

1
6
.
4
7
2
1
.
2
3
2
3
.
5
8

1
2
.
6
4
1
2
.
3
7

0
.
8
2
0.84
0
.
8
6

0
.
8
8
0.80
0.88
0.55
0.56
0.58

8
.
9
0
8
.
3
2
6
.
5
5

1
3
.
7
4
1
4
.
0
8
1
9
.
6
5
1
0
.
1
3
1
5
.
6
2
1
3
.
8
4

0
.
5
8
0
.
5
9

7
.
7
3
5
.
2
5
4
.
3
8

1
7
.
8
1
1
8
.
2
2
20.00

Table5.
Thea andof c
u
t
t
i
n
gf
o
r
c
et
e
s
t

'~iece

T
:
:
t

VIA-l

VIA-6

A-7

VIA-8

VIB-5

A
p
g
c
p
r
o
a
a
n
(
r
v
g
d
e
i
l
n
i
t
c
t
y
t
imosan3p]f
i
t
e
n
e
c
E
r
i
a
c
nmg

3
(gfcm
)
Apparents
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
g
r
a
v
l
d
t
r
y
yoven

(
L
)

0 ~1 (097)|

(
T
)

0.957~

0
.
9
8(
0
.
9
7
)

0
.
9
0~ 0
.
9
4(
0
.
9
2
)

1
.
2
2

1
.
6
4

(
c
)

.
9
9(
0
.
9
3
)
0
.
8
2~ 0

0
.
7
9~ 0
.
9
5(
0
.
8
8
)

8
.
5
0

2
2
.
2
4

(
L
)

0
.
9
1~ 0
.
9
3(
0
.
9
2
)

0
.
8
8
)
0
.
8
7 ~ 0.90 (

1
.
1
5

5
.
3
3

(
T
)

.
9
1(
0
.
8
8
)
0.86 ~ 0

1
.0
8

1
.5
2

(
C
)

0
.
8
9~ 0
.
9
2(
0
.
9
1
)
.
9
7
6
(
0
.
9
4
)
0
.
9
2~ 0

0
.
8
9 ~ 0.94 (
0
.
9
1
)

4
.
8
0

1
8
.
5
6
3
.
7
7

2.34

o. ~O. ~~: I0.84

(
L
)

(
T
)

8
9
0
.
8
7~ 0
.
8
9(
0
.
8
8
)

(
c
)

o
.74 ~

(
L
)

0
.
8
5~ 0
.
8
7(
0
.
8
6
)

(
T
)

0
.
8
8
)
0.85 ~ 0.90 (

(
C
)

(
C
)

5
.
3
4

0.86 (
0
.
8
5
)

1
.8
7

.
8
6(
0
.
8
5
)
0.84 ~ 0

1
.0
0

o
.71 ~

1
.8
7

.
r70

2
4
.
3
0

0.80 ~ 0
.
8
3(
0
.
8
2
)

1
.7
6

4
.
7
8

0
.
8
2~ 0
.
8
7(
0
.
8
4
)

0
.
8
2

0
.
8
3 ~ 0.94 (
0
.
8
7
)

.
9
2(
0
.
8
4
)
0
.
7
9~ 0

6
.
8
8

1
.8
4
1
7
.
3
4

(
L
)

0
.
5
3~ 0
.
5
8(
0
.
5
5
)

(
T
)

0
.
5
2~

(
0
.
5
3
)

0
.
5
2~ 0
.
5
5(
0
.
5
3
)
.
5
2(
0
.
5
1
)
0.48 ~ 0

0
.
3
2

0.48 ~ 0
.
6
1(
0
.
5
1
)

0
.
5
7
)
0
.
5
5 ~ 0.58 (

0
.
9
3(
0
.
8
5
)

0~55

0.90 (
0
.
8
3
)

a : P= +f

0
.
8
0

2
.
9
5
2
.
0
0
1
4
.
8
3

218

78

/00

100

WA 2

{ la!J

//

F
i
g
.7

//

,,

/1

64
+ID
EAt Jt
u
uk

M
zzy a
ndRai5ed

,,

,,

R
e
l
a
t
i
o
n between
r
a
t
i
oof d
e
f
e
c
t
i
v
e S
4
E
M
p
i
e
c
e(L)and l
i
n
e
a
rl
e
n
g
t
ho
f wo
od c
u
t(
L
)
(
B
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
i
AV
I2
.
)

'.-eo-..__

--

F
i
g
.8

v
rA-6

VIA-4

(L) (D)

'
'
'
'
h
F
A J

D92
n

hH
k

600

800

:1.

F
i
g
.9

kr''fJt

400

x
-----4

..

200

80

B 60

(D)

J
.
,,.

/00

W
VIA-2

(L)

WA-4

1
0
0
0

VIA-6

(L) (D)

R
e
l
a
t
i
o
nbetweenr
a
t
i
o
o
fd
e
f
e
c
t
i
v
ep
i
e
c
e (D)
and l
i
n
e
a
r l
e
n
g
t
ho
f
woodcut(L)(Bangkirai ,
VIA-6)

R
e
l
a
t
i
o
n betweenr
a
t
i
o
o
fd
e
f
e
c
t
i
v
ep
i
e
c
e (D)
andl
i
n
e
a
rl
e
n
g
t
ho
fwood
c
u
t(L) (Bangkirai ,
A-4).

1
2
0
0

L (m)

Lr th o
fwoodc
u
t

/00

1
;

r
vA-7

W A-B

64

"

4 60
U

D
U

UL
'

.~

80

D 40

y
.

"

20

200

F
i
g
. 10

4o
tn

6
0
0

000
L 1m)
Ler /
e
ngthof lVo
o
dc
u
t

1
2
0
0

'1

VIA-7 (L)

F
i
g
.1
1

2
0
0

4
0
0

6015

.
)
<

oo-7io

l
L {m}
Lmear 'l7qth o
fwoodc
u
t

VIA-8 (L) (D)

(D)

R
e
l
a
t
i
o
n betweenr
a
t
i
oo
fd
e
f
e
c
t
i
v
ep
i
e
c
e(
D
)
andl
i
n
e
a
rl
e
n
g
t
hofwoodc
u
t(
L
) (Bangkirai ,
VIA-7).

_x'

20

,,

R
e
l
a
t
i
o
n between r
a
t
i
o of d
e
f
e
c
t
i
v
ep
i
e
c
e (D)
and l
i
n
e
a
rl
e
n
g
t
ho
fwood c
u
t (L) (Bangkirai
A-8).

11 ()

79

W 8-5

F
i
g
.1
2 VIB-5 (L) (D)
R
e
l
a
t
i
o
n betweenr
a
t
i
oo
fd
e
f
e
c
t
i
v
ep
i
e
c
e(
D
)andl
i
n
e
a
r
l
e
n
g
t
ho
fwoodc
u
t (L) (Whitemeranti , V
I
B
5
)
.

Table 6.
M
o
i
s
t
u
r
ec
o
n
t
e
n
tands
p
e
c
i
f
i
cg
r
a
v
i
t
yo
fweart
e
s
to
fk
n
i
f
e
edge, andrsult o
ft
e
s
t

. .
M 1r

.
'
I
2
i

ten
t

(g/cm 3 )

App
ar

t
t spific
n

I g
lt
v

EL
;?a.

|
F | - I

I 10.1
~12.2 I

VIA-4

i12.0 ~

1
3
.
2

I0.90 ~

1
.
0
3

I ~

0.96

2
7
5~

3
2
5
U

qJlM
i
l

hJV

0
.
8
8

020

0.94

9
7
0 ~1

Unu

lnU

nU4
un

nU7

QJ'b

nunU

10 , 0

A-8

-nHV

1
0
.
1~ 1
2
.
5

VIA-7

11
.1~ 1
3
.
5

q
l
l

VIA-6

1
2
.
4

I 0.8E

10.8 I 0.85 ~ 0.91

dnu
nu
'i
ll

A-2

VIB-5

(%)

1
1
.
0

1
0
.
5

0.83 ~ 0
.
9
1

0.86

6
2
0~

6
7
0

2
.
0
9
.
9~ 1

1
0
.
7

.
7
1
0
.
5
1~ 0

0.58

1
1
5~

1
5
5

4
.

Fig.

2~

6 Table2~4 Fig.

7~12

Table

13

P=a+ f

P=a+ f VIA

-1 , VIA-6 , VIA-8 ,
VIB-5

VIA-7

B-5

VIA-4 , VIA-8 , VIA-2 , A-6 VIA-7

3 1 000m

218

80

1) : 2

1 )

2)

: 4

190, p
p
. 150~16U (
19
6
6
)

3 )

197, p
p
. 101~ 1l 0. (
1
9
6
7
)

V
I
. CuttingPropertiesbyRotating

nife

ofBangkiraiand

Whi
t
eMerantiWoodsgrowninKaliznantan
l
I
t
t

n
g propertiesoftropi1 woodsbyrotatingknife6
)
(C

TooruHOSHI
(Rum
.
sconducted t
oc
l
a
r
i
f
yt
h
ec
u
t
t
i
n
gp
r
o
p
e
r
t
i
e
so
fB
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
iandWhitem
e
r
a
n
t
iwoods
T
h
i
sr
e
p
o
r
twa

oo
b
t
a
"
nt
h
ev
a
l
u
e
growni
nKalimantana
sa p
a
r
to
ft
h
es
t
u
d
i
e
so
fp
r
o
p
e
r
t
i
e
sont
r
o
p
i
c
a
lwoods , andt
o
fc
u
t
t
i
n
gf
o
r
c
e andwearo
fk
n
i
f
e edgef
o
rt
h
o
s
e specie

by

r
o
t
a
t
i
n
gc
u
t
t
i
n
g
. Measurementmethod

9
0
.
u
s
e
di
nt
h
i
sexperiment wast
h
esamemethodt
h
a
twasd
e
s
c
r
i
b
e
di
nB
u
I
I
.o
fF
o
r
.S
t
a
t
i
o
nNo. 1

Ther
e
s
u
l
t
so
fc
u
t
t
i
n
gf
o
r
c
et
e
s
t
swereshowni
nF
i
g
.2~ 6andTable2~ 5.Ther
e
su
It
so
f wear
2andTable6
t
e
s
t
so
fk
n
i
f
eedgewereshowni
nF
i
g
.7~ 1
l a mmaofrests

t
h
er
e
l
a
t
i
o
no
fc
u
t
t
i
n
gf
o
r
c
e(
P
)t
of
e
e
dp
e
rkn

(.f)

c
o
u
I
d bee
x
p
r
e
s
s
e
d

byt
h
ef
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
gI
i
n
e
a
rf
o
r
m
u
l
a
:
P= f+a

Int
h
i
sformula , t
h
ev
a
l
u
eoffor eachI
o
gi
sshowni
nTable5
.
Conceng

t
h
ewear o
fk
n
i
f
eedge when c
u
t
t
i
n
g Meranti wood, t
h
et
e
s
t
sseemedt
oshow

middlep
r
o
p
e
r
t
i
e
scomparingw
i
t
ho
t
h
e
rs
p
e
c
i
e
so
ft
r
o
p
i
c
a
lwood.

- 80

218

(1)

8 VIA-3

VIA-9 2

VIB-5

VIB

-10
190
2)3)4)

1. (Bangkirai)
() !f (Eb) )(0) Table 1,
(1)

11 (
3
Table

81

Table 2 , F
i
g
.1

4, F
i
g
.2, 3

Table5 6

Fig.4
Table 1 VIA-3 3.3 kgJmm 2 ,

VIA-9 2.4

kg/mm2

VIA-3 VIA-9
O. 5~0.

90 0 C

6kgJmm 2

03kgfcm 2
(Eb) VIA-3 12 X 1

VIA-9 9x

3
1
0

kgJcm 2

90 0 C 5~6 x

103kgJcm 2 2

3kgJcm 2
X1
0

L (Table4)

1. 2% "

90 0 C 1. 6~ 1. 7%

4
(1.

80 o C

90 0 C

0
2mm)

VIA-3 VIA-9 1O ~15%

Table1. (kgJmm 2 )
Hardnessofe
a
c
hl
o
g
sa
tg
r
e
e
nc
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n

Mark fo~~1

nng
10!!'~ I p
a
r
t

Tanfgaecnetial
VIA-3

3.

Radial
f
a
c
e

Ri
/lT%
.F.

"
'
"
'

~J
o3.?J
/
o3.~
0

2.8

96.6

(2.7~4.2)

3
.
1

.
5 I 3
.
2
2
.
8 I 3

9
3
.
3

9
7
.
2

2211926i

(2.5~3.8)

9
3
.
9

91
.4

2
.
1

1ean

3
.
3

(2.5~3.2) (2.5~3.2)1(3.0~3.8)i(2.7~3.8)

f
a
c
e

R.F}

E%
.E.

VIA-9

(2.7~3.1) (2.9~3 3. 2~3.6)

Radial

Tanfgaecnetial

2.5

3
.
3

2.4

(2.0~2.4)1(1.8~2.1)IC.l~2. (1 .8~2.0) (2.0~2.2) (2.2~2.7) (2.4~3.9) (1.8~3.7)

2
.
1

1
.
8

1
.9

1
.9

(1.2~1.8)i (1 .7~2.2)1(1 8~2.6) (1 7~1.9) (2.0~2.2) (1.7~2.0) (1.7~2.0) (1.2~2.6)

72.71100.0188.51100.0

1
0
0
.
0

7
2
.
0

5
7
.
6

7
9
.
1

3cm

Note) Eachsymbol

t
h
emeasuredp
a
r
ti
nt
h
el
o
g
.
heartwoodeach 3cma
p
a
r
tfromt
h
e sapwood boundarytoward
t
h
ep
i
t
h
. B
r
i
n
e
l
lh
a
r
d
n
e
s
s
. Averageo
ff
o
u
rmeasuredv
a
l
u
e
s
.

: sapwood V :

indicates

218

82

Table2.
HaJ;
d
n
e
s
sofeachl
o
g
sa
te
a
c
h
6
00C

9
6

7
2

1
2
0

IGreen
Mean Ic
o
n
d
i
-

VIA-3

Rati
o

(
9
6
)

VIA-9

R
a
t
i
o

C%)

I 100 1105.3 I98.5 1105.3 I98.5 1105.3 1105.3

N
o
t
e
)l
l
r
i
n
e
l
lh
a
r
d
n
e
s
s
. Averageoff
o
u
rmeasuredv
a
l
u
e
s
.

}3700

65

(
V
TA
-3J

(Table

5 , 6)

9I7

1
0 20 30

6
0
.
(
.

0B
00
9
70
6

3
SRQ3auE04

(
V
T
A
9
J

50
060

7
(
)

80 90100110120

(90 0 C )

4
Cookin! tlme.

21 0

Fig.1
5%
D
e
c
r
e
a
s
eo
fh
a
r
d
n
e
s
so
feachl
o
g
sa
te
a
c
hc
o
o
k
i
n
g
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
eandt
i
m
e
.

2
.

(White r
n
e
r
a
n
t
i
)

Table 7, F
i
g
.5

Table 9
Table 8 , 10 , F
i
g
.6 , 7 , 8 9

Table 11~

11 (

83

(kgJmm 2 )

c
o
o
k
i
n
gt
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
eandtime
8
00C

7
2

9
6

2
.
1
2
.
2
2
.
2
202l22135124
(
2
.
1
1
.
8
(
2
.
0
L7~23 (ZO~Z3ll 17~: (3. 400~02
63(

2
.
1

7
2

4
8

2
.
3

9
00 C

1
2
0

96

Green
l

1ean c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n

24

48

~2.3)

7
6
.
7
2
.
4

Mean

2
.
1

2
.
2

(1.8~2.6) (1.8~2.7)

~2.5)

7
3
.
3

6
2
.
8

6
0
.
0

2
.
3
2
.
0 I 1
.
9 I 2
.
2 I 2.0 I 1
.
5
1
.7
1
.
6
(
1
.
4
(
2
.
0
(
1
.
6
(1.7~2. 1) 1(~2.0): (l .7~2|(ia~ (1
4

1
.6

6
6
.
7 I7
0
.
0 I7
3
.
3 I 1
0
0 I6
8
.
6

9
5
.
8

1
0
0
.
0

1
2
0

6
0
.
0

8
3
.
3 I7
9
.
3 I9
1
.
8 I 1
0
0 175.0

8
5
.
0

80.0

6
0
.
0

6
2
.
8

1
.
6

1
.
6

(1.5~1.9) (1.3~1.9)
~1.9)

8
0
.
0

8
0
.
0

8
0
.
0

Table3. (Eb) (b)

() (

YOUNG'Smodulus (Eb) , bendings

t
r
e
n
g
t
h (b) and f
i
c
t
i
t
i
o
u
ss
t
r
a
i
n
() o
feach 10s a
tg
r
e
e
nc
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
(
D
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
nofg
r
a
i
ni
sp
e
r
p
e
n
d
i
c
u
l
a
rt
ot
h
es
p
a
n
)

Measuring

-_
_
_ p
a
r
tI
Markoflogs
~~I
~

~___

Eb
103kgJcm2
A-3

kgJcm2

Eb
kgJcm2
1
03
VIA-9

2
kgfcm

Mean
11
.4
(
1
0
.1~13. 3
)

(12.8~13.3)

11
.1
(
1
0
.6~11. 7
)

1
3
6
.
5
(
1
3
0
.
6

1
4
9
.
2
(
1
4
3
.
9

1
2
4
.
9
(
1
2
0
.
2

1
3
.
1

~141.2)

~155.

1
.2
0

1
.2
9

9
.
7

0
)

9
.
9

(9.3~10.1)

1
1
2
.
4
(
1
1
0
.
4

(9.6~10.1)

.9
1
21
(
1
1
5
.
3

~130.

1
2
2
.
6
(
1
2
0
.
6

~128.0)

~125.

1
.
1
5

1
.
1
9

1
.
2
2

(120.2~155.0)

1
.
2
1

8.4
9
.
1
)

(7.1~

1
1
.9
(10.1~13.3)

1
4
3
.
5
8
)

1
.1
3

~113.0)

) 1
"

-1

9
.
3
)
(
7
.1~10. 1

1
1
3
.
8
2
8
.0
)
9
3
.8~ 1
9
)(
1
.
1
9

5~6cm 1

N
o
t
e
) Eachsymbol "" /....1 .. indicates t
h
emeasuredp
a
r
ti
nt
h
elog. ': sapwood" r
:heartwood each5"-'6cmapartfromthesapwoodbounda~y tOwardthepith.
Averageoff
i
v
emeasuredv
a
l
u
e
s
.

218

84

Table 4.
YOUNG'S m
odulus (
E
b
), bendi strength (b) and
temperatureand time (
D
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
nof g
r
a
i
ni
s pe

6
00C

Eb
1
03kgfcm2

R
atio%

VIA-3

kg/cm2

Green
c
o
n
d
i
t
lOn

2
4

1
1
.
4

8
.
2

(
1
0
.
1

4
8

7
2

00

R
atio%
Eb
1
03kg/cm2

8
.
5

(
7
.
7

VIA-9

kg/cm2

8
.
2
(
7
.
8

R
atio%

(
7
.
7

1
(
7
.
5

1
(
7
.
7

Green
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n

2
4

1
3
.
1

6
.
7

(
1
2
.
8

(
6
.
3

~8.9)

~8.8)

~8.0)

~8.4)

~8.9)

1
0
0

7
1
.
9

7
4
.
6

7
1
.
9

6
8
.
4

7
0
.
2

7
1
.
5

1
0
0

51
.1

1
3
6
.
5

1
1
4
.
6

1
2
2
.
4

1
1
0
.
5

1
0
5
.
5

1
1
7
.
4

1
1
2
.
1

1
6
9
.
2

1
0
3
.
6

(
1
3
0
.
6 (
1
0
9
.
0 (
9
3
.
0
1
1
6
.
2 (

~13.3)

1
1
7
.
3 (
9
8
.
0 (
1
4
3
.
9 (
9
6
.
3
(
9
8
.
2 (
4
)~104. 4
)~117.4) ~129. 7
)~155. 0
)~113.9)1

1
0
0

84.0

8
9
.
7

.3
81

7
7
.
3

8
6
.
0

8
3
.7

1
0
0

61
.2 :
1

1
.2
0

1
.4
0

1
.4
4

1
.3
5

1
.
3
6

1
.
4
6

1
.4
0

1
.2
9

1
1
.
5
5 1

1
0
0

1
1
6
.
0

1
2
0
.
0

1
1
2
.
5

1
1
3
.
3

1
2
2
.
3

1
1
6
.
8

1
0
0

9
.
7

6
.
8

6
.
3

6
.
2

6
.
5

7.0

6.6

9
.
9

(
9
.
3

(
6
.
6

(
6
.
0

~6.9)

~6.5)

1
0
0

7
0
.
1

6
4
.
9

1
1
2
.
4

1
0
2
.
7

3.7

(
1
1
0
.
4
~113.0) ~11 1.

6
R
atio9

~8.8)

~10. 1
)

R
atio%

1
2
0

i[ean

~141.2) ~122.7) ~129.7) ~117.

R
atioP
U

9
6

(
6
.
0

(
6
.
3

(
6
.
4

(
6
.
0

(
9
.
6

1
2
0
.
2

5
.
7
(
5
.
2

~6.6)

~7. 5
) ~6.1)
) ~7.5) ~1O. 1

6
3
.
9

6
7
.
0

7
2
.2

67.6

1
0
0

5
7
.
6

9
5
.
8

9
3
.
6

9
2
.
5

9
5
.
7

1
2
1
.
9

9
3
.
1

91
8
8
.
3 (
1
1
5
.
3 (
9
0
.
4
8
9
.
4 (
.3 (
(
8
8
.
3 (
8
9
.
5 (
)~128. 0
) ~95. 8
)
3
) ~96. 5
) ~95.7) ~11 1. 3
) ~98. 2
)
[ ~95. 5

1
0
0

.4
91

83.4

8
5
.
2

8
3
.
3

2.3

8
5
.
1

1
0
0

76.4

1
.1
5

1
.5
1

1
.4
9

1
.
5
5

1
.4
4

1
.3
1

1
.4
6

1
.
1
9

1
.
6
3

1
0
0

1
31
.3

1
2
9
.
6

1
3
4
.
8

1
2
5
.
2

1
1
3
.
9

1
2
7
.
0

1
0
0

1
3
7
.
0
s

 11 (

-85

(
E
b
) (b) () (
ctitious s
t
r
a
i
n () ofeachl
o
g
sa
teachcooking

p
e
n
d
i
c
u
l
a
rt
ot
h
es
p
a
n
)

8
00C

4
8

6
.
9

7
2

6
.
5

9
00 C

9
6

7
.
0
(
6
.
3

1
2
0

7
.
6
(
6
.
5

Green
Mean c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n

6
.
9
(
5
.
7

~7.8)

~8.6)

~8.6)

4
9
.
6

5
3
.
4

5
8
.
0

5
3
.
0

1
1
0
.
1 1
0
4
.
3

1
0
4
.
6

1
0
0
.
6

1
0
4
.
6

5
2
.
7

2
4

4
8

7
2

9
6

1
2
0

Mean

6
.
1

1111606251162

_
J
7
)
:

_
J

_,:

(
4
.
? J(5.? (
4
.~
(
5
.
4
(
1
0
.
.~
~1
1
.
~6. 8
)
1 ~6. 5
)
1 ~5. 9y ~6. 5
)

~6.

5
.
9

(
4
.
5
7
) ~6.8)

5
.
9
1
0
0 1
5
4
.1 155.9 145.9 I5

5
5
.
0

5
3
.
4

i
B75

9
2
.
5

9
2
.
3

1
2
4
.
9

9
6
.
9 1
0
1
.
7

828

(
1
0
3
.
9(
9
8
.
4 (
.9 (
1
01
9
8
.
4 (
9
6
.
3 (
8
4
.
8 (
1
2
0
.
2 (
9
8
.
4 (
.5 '
(
8
3
.
3 (
71
9
0
.
2 (
7
1
.
5
1
1
6
.
3
)1
1
1
.
3
)~108.8) ~103.9) ~116.3) ~130.8) 1
0
3
.
7
)
1
-1
)~93. 2
)~93. 9
) ~99. 8
0
9.
3
)~109.3)
6
5
.
1

.6
61

6
1
.
8

5
9
.
5

6
1
.
8

1
0
0

7
7
.
6

81.4

6
6
.
3

I70.1

7
4
.
1

7
3
.
9

1
.6
0

1
.
6
0

1
.4
9

1
.
3
2

1
.
5
1

1
.
1
3

1
.
6
1

1
.6
4

1
.6
2 ;1
.4
1

1
.
5
2

J
;5
6

1
2
4
.
0 1
2
4
.
0

1
1
6
.
3

1
0
2
.
3

1
1
7
.
4

1
0
0 1
4
2
.
5 1
4
5
.
1 1
4
3
.
4 1
2
4
.
8

1
3
4
.
5

5
.
7

5
.
5

5
.
4

5
.
4

4
.
9
(
4
.
0

(
5
.
4

(
4
.
8

(
4
.
0

9
.
7
(
9
.
3

4
9
.
5

5
7
.
6

5
5
.
6

5
5
.
0

9
3
.
1

7
8
.
3

8
7
.
1

8
9
.
7

8
8
.
3

(
9
0
.
4

(
8
4
.
8

~98.4) ~85.0)

(
8
4
.
6
~93.2)

(
3
.
9

4
.
9

4
.
6

4
.
8

(
4
.
1

5
.
4

4
.
8

~4.5)

(
4
.
2 (
4
.
4
~5. 7
) ~4.8)

4
3
.
3

5
0
.
5

47.4

4
9
.
5

5
5
.
7

4
9
.
3

11241823

8
3
.
9

80.4

7
8
.
2

7
6
.
9

8
0
.
3

~1O .1)

5
4
.
6

4
.
2

13 .1

1
0
0

(
1
1
0
.
4 1
(
7
5
.
2 (
8
2
.
2 (
7
2
.9
~98. 4
)~ 1
1
3
.0)1~87. 5
)~85. 9
)~89.4)

(
4
.
9

(
3
.
9
~5.

.3
(
71
~82.2)

7
)

(
7
6
.
9
~83.

9
)

7
6
.
4

6
4
.
2

7
1
.4

7
3
.
6

7
2
.
4

1
0
0

7
3
.
2

7
4
.
6

.5
71

6
9
.
6

6
8
.
4

7
1
.5

1
.
7
2

1
.6
0

1
.
5
3

1
.6
3

1
.6
2

1
.1
5

1
.9
6

1
.7
1

1
.
7
5

1
.6
3

1
.4
2

1
.6
9

1
4
4
.
5 1
3
4
.
4

1
2
8
.
6

1
3
7
.
0

1
3
6
.
3

1
0
0 1
7
0
.
4 1
4
8
.
7 1
5
2
.
2

1
41
.7

1
2
3
.
5

1
4
7
..
3

-86-

218
()

140

~..

.''-t

120

Em

.
g

60

100

i
I
!

50

70113

50 -60

'08
0
- 90

110

/20(h

EM0

1
:

2SJ30

90

80'
c

80

5
1
7
0
1;

110

90 c

100

/
0 20 30 40 50 60 7U 8U /20 (h )

/0 20 30 40 50 60 7
0 80 90 / 110

r;o }

C<xh t

F
i
g
.2

AH
{
n
U

50

n
MM

"
'

2
/

J
1f
l I a.

9
0'
c

")

M
M

Qfl

7(1'fl

MMMU

I
.rl

>]

00000

"
'
r
I "" .f1

i
I
!

"...

100
{/

~dw

h
EMn2s-ukKGS

80 c

Ckng te

(Eb)

F
i
g
. 3

D
e
c
r
e
a
s
eofYOUNG'Smodulus(
E
b
)o
feachl
o
g
sa
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e andt
i
m
e
.
e
a
c
hoking t

((

I
n
c
r
e
a
s
eo
ff
i
c
t
i
t
i
o
u
ss
t
r
a
i
n (0) o
feachl
o
g
sa
t
eachc
o
o
k
i
n
gt
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
eandt
i
m
e(
D
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
no
f
g
r
a
i
ni
s pe endicularthe s
p
a
n
)
.

Table5.
Rateofl
a
t
h
echeckofe
a
c
hl
o
g
sa
t

\\

6
00C

\I\nc\lin\eo(mpemning
Markofl
o
g
s

4
8

24

5
7
.
4

24

Mean

1
.0
9

--~

800 C

6
5
.
2

61
.3

48

1ean

1
.0
9

6
2
.
9

6
4
.
1

6
3
.
5

V
I
A
-3
(40~80)

5
6
.
1

(40~80)

5
9
.
6

(40~80)

5
7
.
9

(40~80)

5
3
.
0

(50~80)

5
3
.
8

V
I
A
-9
(40~80)

(50~70)

(40~80)

(40~70)

(40~70)

) 20 0 40~50' 1. 02mm

N
o
t
e
)K
n
i
f
ea
n
g
l
e
: 21 0 ,

C
l
e
a
r
a
n
c
ea
n
g
l
e
: 40~50'

T
h
i
c
k
n
e
s
sofv
e
n
e
e
r
:1
.02m m

(40~80)

5
3
.
4

(40~70)

- 87 -

11 (

i~

1.1

L
0
2mm

~ >> .
1
0
9
m
m

!nd openi

7hicklS 01 ot!er

lm
/
J
1
)

1.

L
I.Ot

E 4
J

5'
M

1
0

1
1

1
1

I
I
'
!
[

Nl
1
m
h
e
r0
1r
e
v
O
/
l
1f
i
o
n
1.02mm
JJJIIi .
l
0
4
m
m
ThCJ'e5S 01 'er
l
n
c
/
"
n
eo
p
e
n
i
n
g

(mml

1.1

'.0

..

1.

.'

? 9

:;

Jmher
M

'1.0

I.I r

kk

Ss 01

- -

I.O~ J

0
1 A~t'/1

/nc/
'ne qj
g

"
.
.
.
.
.
. ;<
:
1
.
'
.

G9

/0

Nl
1
m
h
e
r0
1re'o/ufion

"

: 21 0 : 40~50'

Knife a
n
g
l
e
: 21 0 ,

C
l
e
a
r
a
n
c
ea
n
g
l
e
: 40~50'

Fig.4 C Vl A9, 90oC-48hr

T
h
i
c
k
n
e
s
so
fv
e
n
e
e
ra
tb
e
g
i
n
i
n
go
fc
u
t
t
i
n
gwith each
i
n
c
l
i
n
e opening C
9
00C-48h
r
)
.

(%)

Each c
o
o
k
i
n
gt
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
eand t
i
m
e C%)
9
00C
24

96

4
8

1
2
0

Mean

1
.0
9

58.4

61.0

6
0
.
2

UV

Ku

rd

4
8
.
3

n
u

t\

C40~80)

44.5

iu

n
u

q
ft

(30~60)

4
6
.
2

42.0
n
u

(40~60)

RU

5
0
.
0

nU

(40~80)

61
.9

48

(3 0~60)

1
.04

1
.
0
2

0
.
9
9

3
7
.
9
(3 0~50)

3
4
.
8
(30~50)

 218

~ 88

Table6
. Table

Frequencyo
fl
a
t
h
e
6
0C

OOC

2
4

4
8

24

1ean

1
.0
9

4
8

Mean

1
.0
9

20%Under(203Z>
20~40% (

2
2
.
6( 7
)

9
.
1( 3
) 1
5
.
9( 5
)

1
.8 (
0
.
5
)

40~60% (

2
.
4
(
1
3
.
5
) 6
48.4 ( 1
5
) 36.4 ( 1
0
.
7 (1
7
) 4
4
.
8(1
3
) 6
2
.
8 (1
5
)
11
2
) 4

VIA-36O ~eo%

2
9
.
0( 9
) 5
1
.
7
(
1
3
.
5
) 3
4
.
5 (1
8
) 4
5
.
7 (1
0
) 5
5
.
2 (1
6
) 4
5
.
4 (1
3
)
1
:

3
.
6( 1
)

80%Ov(%>
lcm

10.3

Numbero
f
l
a
t
hec
h
e
c
kp
e
rcm

11.0

10.7

9.7

9.7

20%Under(20%>
20~40% (

1
3
.
0( 3
)

6
.
7( 5
) 2
4
.1( 7
) 2
5
.
3(
1
.3
) 1
0
.
4 ( 6)~

40~60% (

6
9
.
6 (1
6
) 6
7
.
9
(
1
6
.
5
) 7
0
.
0 (2
1
) 6
5
.
5(1
9
) 6
7
.
7 (2
0
)
5
.
4 (1
7
) 6

A-9 6O ~80% ()

1
7
.
4( 4
) 3
6
.
8(
6
.
5
) 1
3
.
3( 4
) 1
0
.
4( 3
) 1
1
.9 (
3
.
5
)
4
.
6( 9
) 2

30%(
80%]
Over

lcm

Numberoflat-

7.7

8.7

9.7

10.0

8.2

9.9

hec
h
e
c
kp
e
rcm

Note) ( )Numberofl
a
t
h
ec
h
e
c
k
.

( )

Tab!e7. (kgjmm2)
Hardnessofeachl
o
ga
tg
r
e
e
nc
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n (kgJmm2)

ifpartl
1
.1

1
.5

(
1
.
3
0
Tangentia! face (1-~1.4)
VIR-5

R
a
d
i
a
lf
a
c
e

R/.
F.fT(.F96.>

Tangen tial f:ace

B-I0

Radial f
a
c
e

Et/.
F. (%)

f
T
.
F
.

1
.1
0
.
9
(
0
.
8
(
1
-0

1
.
2
(
1
.0

l
1
.4

~1. 3)

1
-0

I
1
.
3

6
0
.
0
1
.
3

~1.3)

1
0
0

1
-2

I
1
.3
(
1
.
0
~1.7)

1
.
2

1
.2
(
0
.
8
~2.4)

~1.3)

9
2
.
3
84.6 1
0
9
.
1
8
3
.
4 1
4
2
.
9
1
.
1
1
.
3
1
.
1
1
-0
1
.6
2
.
0
(
1
.
0
(
0
.
9
(
0
.
9
(
1
.
0
(
1
.3
(
1
.9

~1.4)

1
.
3

1
-1

~1.5)

1
-1
2.0
(
0
.
9
(
1
-9
~2.4)

1
0
0
1
.3

0.9
1
.0
(
0
.
8
(
0
.
9

~1- 4)

~1.2)

9
2
.
3

45.0

1
0
0

~1. 9)

~1.2)

1
.
0

1
.0

6
2
.
5

9
0
.
9

~2.9

1
-0
1
.1
(
0
.
8
(
0
.
9
~1.2)

~1.4)

9
0
.
9

8
4
.
6

11 (

89

(%)
heck

onTable5 (%)
9
00C

24

8
6

4
8

1
2
0

Mean

1
.
0
9

4
8

1
.
0
4

1
.
0
2

0.9

) 3
8
.1( 8
) 8
1
.3
) 24.0 ( 6
4
.
3(
5
.
7 (24)

1
2
.
9( 4
)
6
4
.
5 (2
0
)6
2
.
5 (2
0
) 65.5(19)

8
.
0(1
7
) 52.4 ( 1
1
) 1
6
4
.
2
(
1
9
.
7
) 6
4
.
3( 4
)
.

2
2
.
6( 7
)3
4
.
5(1
0
)
7
.
5 (1
2
)3

3
1
.
5(
9
.
7
)

8
.
0( 2
)

9
.
5( 2
)

10.2

8.3

7.0

10.3

10.7

9.7

2
8
.
0( 7
)4
3
.
5(1
0
)5
4
.
5 (1
2
)6
6
.
6
(
1
0
.
5
)
5
.
0(1
3
)4

9.7

(2
0
) 7
0
.
4 (1
9
) 9
6
.
3 (26)

5
.
.
5 (1
0
)3
2
.
4
(
11
6
.
7( 4
) 2
9
.
6( 8
)
.8
) 1
5
.
0( 7
) 5
6
8
.
0 (1
7
)5
6
.
5 (1
3
)4
1
.
0(
0
.
3
)

4.0 ( 1
)

8.3

3
.
7( 1
)

7.7

7.3

7.5

6.7

3cm

4
Note) Eachsymbol indicates t
h
e

measuredp
a
r
ti
nt
h
el
o
g
.

woodeach
3cma
p
a
r
t fromt
h
esapwood boundary
towardt
h
ep
i
t
h
.B
r
i
n
e
l
lh
a
r
d
n
e
s
s
.
Averageoff
o
u
rmeasuredv
a
l
u
e
s
.
: sl!pwood. heart

8.0

9.0

9.0

_WB-5

1
.
8

-VTB1
O

-'lC

1
.
7
6

~ ~ 1.5

1.4
~ 3
1
.
2

~f.f
1
.
0

0
.9

3cm

Note Brinell h
a
r
d
n
e
s
s
Each symbol indicates

0
.
8

0
.
7
1
06

t
h
e

measuredp
a
r
ti
nt
h
el
o
g
.
: sapwood : h
eartwood each
h
e sapwood boundary
3cm~part from t
towardt
h
ep
i
t
h
.

1
<
-

rf

of IdCh /01

Fig.5
Hardnesso
feachl
o
ga
tg
r
e
e
nc
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
.

218

90

Table8.
HardnessofVIB-10a
te
a
c
hc
o
o
k
i
n
g
6
00C

V
I
B
I
0

7
6
.
9

1
0
0

(%)

1
0
0

R
a
t
i
o(
G
r
e
e
nc
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n100%)

~14 Table
VIB-IO

15, 1
6

FO

nu

Fig.10

A)

K
L1

40

Table

7,

3
0
1

1
0 20 30 40 50 60 7
0 8
0 90 1
0
0/
1
0 1
2
0

(r.l

COO/<Jng lime

Fig.6

Fig.5 l1. 3kg/mm 2

D
e
c
r
e
a
s
eo
fh
a
r
d
n
e
s
so
fVIB-10a
teach c
o
o
k
i
n
g
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
eandt
i
m
e
.

(
Fig.5

Table 8, Fig.6 60 0 C

100% 75% 80 o C , 90 0 C 60~65% 80 0 C 90 0 C

c

80 0 C 90 0 C

B) (Eb) (b) ()
: Table 9

6.0 X 1
03kg/cm 2

able10, F
i
g
.7
T

90 0 C

2x10 3 kg/cm 2
1mm /

90 0 C

%)

 11 (

91-

(kgfmm 2 )

2
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
d
r
eandt
i
m
e (kgJmm
)
8
00C

9
00C
1
2
0

QU

1120 ivi24

96

I
l

fean

!:

ifH
91 [!
( ifU

B
!;hU(

04JU
;r:8
I(

00 7 lI5 7;:;l 52 4i

6l5 1

Tab!e 9. (Eb) b) ($0)

(
YOUNG'S m
odulus (Eb)

, bendingstrength (b) and ctitious s

t
r
a
i
n() o
fe
a
c
hl
o
ga
t
g
r
e
e
nc
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n(
D
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
no
fg
r
a
i
ni
sp
e
r
p
e
n
d
i
c
u
l
a
rt
ot
h
es
p
a
n
)

\
\

FE

PM

\h

\z
Mh

h\

I
1
:
: "
}
1
:
:
1
1
5.3
1
. 5
.5
1
. 3.4
I
03kg/cm2I
(4
.9~ 5
.
8
)I
(4
.9~ 6
.
4
)I
(2
.9~ 3
.
9
)i

r;',

V
I
B

5b

I
F

5
.1
6
.
4
)

'
)

I(2
.9~

2 7 9 . 7 7 9 . 5 6 0 . 8 7 3 . 3
I(77.(, :'__8 1. 3) I(76.0:'__S9.7) I(51.3
;
:
_
7
0
.8
):
1(51
.3
:
_
8
9
.7
)

Kg/cm"

Eb

1
.5
0

1
.4
4

7
.
1

6
.
5

1
.7
9

7
.
6

1
.5
8

5
.
1

6
.
7

3k
1
0
gJcm21(6
.O~ 8
.
2
) 1(4
.9~ 7
.
8
) i( ~89 l(~ 6
.
0
)I( 4
.O~ 8
.
9
)

2I

97.4

89 5

105 7176 2

9
2
.
2

1 1) 01 2~116. 6)~ (

0%137l137|139|148

140

" 5~6cm "

" f

N
o
t
e
) Eachsymbol " J ...indicates t
h
emeasuredp
a
r
ti
nt
h
elog. ': sapwood " ", 1
: heartwoodeach 5~6 cma
p
a
r
tfromt
h
esapwoodboundarytowardt
h
ep
i
t
h
.
Averageoff
i
v
emeasuredv
a
l
u
e
s
.

: Table 9
IJ Table 10, F
i
g
.8

90 0 C

: Table9
1. 5%

 218

- 92

Table 10. (Eb)

YOUNG'S modulus , b
endings
t
r
e
n
g
t
h and f
i
c
t
i
t
i
o
u
ss
t
r
a
i
n
(
D
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n ofg
r
a
i
ni
sper

Fl
J(hr) I |

6
00 C

2
4

~8.2)
%4

kgjcm2

1
0
0

1 2 0 l Z 2 |

9
6

2
4

4
.
3
6
.
5
4
.
3
4.4
3
.
1
(
3
.
6
(
4
.
9
(
3
.
9
(
4
.
0
(
2
.
9

i
(
4
.
4

~4.4)

~4.4)

~5.2)

~4.5)

~4.8)

~5.2)

5
7
.
8

5
4
.
9

6
2
.
2

6
0
.
6

6
2
.
0

6
0
.
9

7
5
.
5
97.4
6
4
.
3
6
7
.
3
7
0
.
2
6
2
.
2
(
9
2
.
6 (
5
8
.
8 (
6
4
.
2
5
7
.
3
(
6
2
.
2
)(
5
7
.
4 (
) ~75.2)
~106. 1
) ~70. 7
~73.7) ~77. 9
)

7
2

7
.
1
4
.
1
(
6
.
0
(
3
.
9
(
3
.
6

Eb 1
03kgjcm2

4
8

~7.8)

1
0
0

~3.2)

4
7
.
7

6
6
.
9

8
9
.
5
5
9
.
0
(83.4 (
5
7
.
4
~77. 9
)~10['1) ~62. 8
)

1
0
0

6
6
.
0

6
3
.
9

6
9
.
1

7
2
.
2

72.4

6
8
.
6

1
0
0

6
6
.
0

1
.
3
7

1
.
5
7

[
.5
9

[
."
3

[
.6
3

[
.6
0

[
.5
6

[
.3
8

[
.9
0

1
0
0

1
1
4
.
5

1
1
6
.
1

1
0
4
.
3

1
1
9
.
0

1
1
6
.
8

1
1
3
.g

1
0
0

1
3
7
.
7

*
1Temperature , *
2Time, *
3Greencondition , *
4Greencondition100%.

1
0
0
4

300000
&16rJ43
Z

\ 100

r
v8-10

90

60 c

] 70
<
5

c
;
. (%)

50

-----------._'_ 90'C

40

30

20

1
0 20 jO 40 S

1
0
10

20 :; 40

50 60 7
0 80 90

D
e
c
r
e
a
s
eo
fYOUNG'S moduluso
fVIB-10a
teach
c
o
o
k
i
n
gt
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
eandt
i
m
e(
D
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
no
fg
r
a
i
n
i
sp
e
r
p
e
n
d
i
c
u
l
a
rt
ot
h
es
p
a
n
)
.
Table

COOkIng tlme

F
i
g
.8

Cooklng tlme

6070 80 90 1
0
0 / /
2
0

{ d

o /
10 /
2
0

F
i
g
.7

60C

sz60

-----_-'_-.'0c

v
lB -/0

g 80

(b)

bendings
t
r
e
n
g
t
hof B-10 a
teach
c
o
o
k
i
n
g temperature an time (
D
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n of
g
r
a
i
ni
sp
e
r
p
e
n
d
i
c
u
l
a
rt
ot
h
es
p
a
n
)
.
Decrea f

10, F
i
g
.9 90 0 C

J (100 %). 160~170% 200~250%

90 0 C 2.3 %

2.5%

C)

Table 11 , 13 Table 12, 14

11 ()

93

(b) () (
f

VIA-10a
teachc
o
o
k
i
n
gt
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
eandt
i
m
e
s
p
a
n
)

pendicularthe

9
O
O
G

I72 I96 I120 I

tea~ I I

4
8
3
.
2
(
2
.
7

3
.
2

~3.5)

4
9
.
3

3
.
2

3
.
1
(
3
.
0
~3.4)

4
9
.
3

7
.
6

24
2
.
3

I48 I72 I96 I120 I

tea~
1
.8
(
1
.5

1
.
9

2
.
1

2.0

1
.8

(
1
.5

~8.9)

4
7
.
7

4
9
.
3

0
.
8
0
.
9 6
5
6
.
9 6
(
5
7
.
2
{49.4
~65. 7
)
~65. 5
)

1
0
0

3
0
.
3

2
3
.7

25.0

2
7
.
6

2
6
.
1

2
3
.
7

59.4 1
5
0
.
8
42.4
4
4
.
6 4
6
.
1 4
4
.
1
4
5
.
6
0
5
.
7
3
6
.
4
(
4
9
.
4 (
1
0
0
.
2 (
4
4
.
5 (36.4 (
3
6
.
5 (
4
1
.
8 (
3
6
.
4 (
~72.2) ~116.6) ~55. 3
) ~49.9) ~52.6) ~49. 9
)

6
3
.
6

6
8
.
0

6
7
.
9

66.4

1
0
0

4
8
.
1

4
0
.
2

4
2
.
2

4
3
.
6

4
1
.
7

4
3
.
1

1
.7
8

1
.9
0

1
.9
6

1
.
8
9

1
.
3
9

2
.
2
1

2
.
3
6

2
.
3
2

2
.
2
0

2
.
4
5

2
.
3
1

3
7
.
7 1
1
2
9
.
0 1
4
2
.
0

1
3
7
.
0

1
0
0

1
5
8
.
9

1
6
9
.
8

f
6
7
.
0

7
6
.
3
1
5
8
.
3 1

1
6
6
.
1

1
8
0
<
:
:
:
170
3
160

2 150

~l
140
U

.
.
_1
1
f
t1
3
0

F
i
g
. 9

Q
h

t 120

~(")

((

60'C

110

1
0
0
1
0 20

4050607

80

90 1

I
n
c
r
e
a
s
eoff
i
c
t
i
t
i
o
u
ss
t
r
a
i
no
f VIB-10 a
te
a
c
h
c
o
o
k
i
n
g temperature and t
i
m
e(
D
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
no
f
g
r
a
i
ni
sp
e
r
p
e
n
d
i
c
u
l
a
rt
ot
h
es
p
a
n
)
.

(A r.)

Cooking time

Table 11. (%)

Rateofl
a
t
h
echeckofVIB-10a
tg
r
e
e
nc
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n (%)
1"-.

.
I
n
c
l
i
n
eo
p
e
n
i
n
g

1.02mm

1easurin part

Markoflog----

VIB- 1
0

48.7
(3 0~70)

4
7
.
3
(30~60)

4
8
.
7
(40~60)

5
0
.
0
(3 0~70)

4
2
.
8
(3 0~60)

Mean

4
7
.
5
O~70)

: 21 0 : 40~501 : 1
.02mrn
l
e
a
r
a
n
c
ea
n
g
l
e
: 40~50 thickness o
fv
e
n
e
e
r
:1
.02mm.
N
o
t
e
) Knifea
n
g
l
e
: 21 0 c

60%

F
i
g
.
1
0

218

94

Table 1
2
. Table11 (%)
Frequencyo
fl
a
t
h
echeckonTable 1
1 (%)

pZ~I

1
.0
2m m

1-- ~ --I-~-I

Mean

20%(
20~40%

40.0 (
1
0
)

40.0 (
1
0
)

45.8 (
1
1
)

38.7 (
1
2
)

61
.9 (
1
3
)

43.1(11.6)

40~60%

52.0 (
1
3
)

60.0 (
1
8
)

54.2 (
1
3
)

5
8
.1(
1
8
)

3
8
.1(8
)

5
1
.
3(
1
4
)

60~80%

8.0 (2
)

5
.
6(
1
5
)

3.2 ( 1
)

80%
(
Over80%
1cm

8.3

10.0

lncline opening, "

'
2Measuring part,
checkpercm.

10.3

8.0

8.7

7.0

*3 R
ate o
fl
a
t
h
e check

*4U
nder20% *5Numbero
fl
a
t
h
e

Note) ( )Number o
fl
a
t
h
ec
h
e
c
k
.

Table 13. (%)

Rateo
fl
a
t
h
echeck a
teach i
n
c
l
i
n
eopening (Greenc
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
)

"

1.09mm

1
.04mm

(40~80)

T
h
i
c
k
n
e
s
so
fveneer 2lncline opening,

0.99mm

54.2

61.6

V
I
B
-1
0
1

1.02mm

43.4

(40~70)

(3 0~60)

*3Marko
fl
o
g
.

): 21 0 : 40/~50'

Note) K
n
i
f
ea
n
g
l
e
: 21 0 , Clearancea
n
g
l
e
: 40'~501.

Table 1
4
. Table13 (%)
Frequencyo
fl
a
t
h
echeckon Table 1
3 (%)

1.02mm
1.09mm

1.04mm

O.99mm

20%

20~40%

()

7.8 (2)

20.8 (5)

58.6 (7)

40~60%

4
6
.1 (
1
2
)

58.4 (
1
4
)

41
.4 (
1
2
)

6O ~80%

4
6
.1 (
1
2
)

20.8 (5)

80%

()

Under20%

Ov%

1cm
1

8.7

T
h
i
c
k
n
e
s
sof'veneer 2 l
n
c
l
i
n
eopening,

8.0
*3 R
ateo
fl
a
t
h
echeck

Note) ( ) Numbero
fl
a
t
h
e check~

9.7
*4Numbero
fl
a
t
h
echeckpercm.

11 (

r.02mm

1. 02mm

0.99mm

11 I.09mm

7hiCJ~ of ".

/.'1
L

'

"

95

Inc!;1/~

... " - '- .

0.9

:
(mm) t
.

1mm

Ij 40%

~ ;
_ 1.0 1

1
0

/
1

my

mmi-a

-R

POM

r-

9 1
0 /1

1
2

Numberof r
e
v
o
/
u
l

Green condition , k
n
i
f
ea
n
g
l
e
: 21 0 , c
l
e
a
r
a
n
c
e
a
n
g
l
e
:4
0
/~501
F
i
g
.1
0
T
h
i
c
k
n
e
s
so
fveneera
tb
e
g
i
n
i
n
go
fc
u
t
t
i
n
gwith
each i
n
c
l
i
n
eo
p
e
n
i
n
g
.

30%(1. 02mm)

1
2

21 0 40~501

90 0 C

-MMh

2.5%

"
"

7'-em

mML
8t
Ec

~ (m

3kgJcm
2 X1
0

UMAU-

E 0. 9

/!t

j
7

1
.
0

"
t
.
.
. -:-

1.1

AZLYwz

O.9 t"

7_ 8

34/

Table15 Table 16

Number o
fr
e
v
o
/
u
t

i
zlIL

( 20%

20%
20%

900C

1
90

30 0

40~501

0.99mm (1. 02mm

3
.

1
)

2
)

20%

90 0 C

19 0 30 0 0.99

m m (1. 02mm

218

96

Table 15.
Rate o
fl
a
t
h
echeck o
fVIB-10a
t

mm

k- T log

800C

24

Mean

~i

(30~60)

4
8
1
.
0
9

46.0

nuv

40.0

3
7
.
9
(3 0~50)

(30~60)

J hU

(3 0~60)

A-nU

1
0

) 21 0

24

FL~

B-

6
00 C

J
Time (
h
r
.
)I

40/~501

N
o
t
e
)T
h
i
c
k
n
e
s
so
fv
e
n
e
e
r
: 1. 02mm, k
n
i
f
ea
n
g
l
e
: 21 0 , c
1earance a
n
g
l
e
: 40/~50
Ta
.
bl
e1
6
. Table15
Frequencyo
fl
a
t
h
e

\\~\\--\\\

6
00C

(hr) *2

24

48

(mm)

Mean

9
1
.0

------------

1
.0
9

i %
Under 20%
20~40%

5
4
.
2(
1
3
)

5
6
.
5(
1
3
)

55.4 (
1
3
)

65.2 (
1
5
)

8
4
.
2(
1
6
)

I40~60%

4
5
.R (
1
1
)

4
3
.
5(
1
0
)

44.7 (
1
0
.
5
)

34.8 (8
)

1
5
.
8 (3
)

VIA-IO I

6O ~80%

0%

Over 80%

1cm
Temperature

8.0

*2 Time Incline

7.9

7.7

opening ,

7.7

*4R
ate o
fl
a
t
h
e check Numher

6.3

o
fl
a
t
h
e

Note) ( )Numhero
fl
a
t
h
ec
h
e
c
k
.

1) : 1

8 190,

p
p
. 86---100 , (
1966)
2) : 2

190, p
p
. 168~177

(
1
9
6
6
)
3) : 4

197, p
p
. 110~ 120 ,

(
19
6
7
)
4) :( 1
203 , p
p
. 131~171

(
1
9
6
7
)

(1)

11 (

97

e
a
c
hc
o
o
k
i
n
gt
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e and t
i
m
e
9
00C
4
8

Mean

4
8

3
3
.
9
(20~40)

1
2
0

9
6

1
.
0
2

39.0
(3 0~60)

24

4
8
Mean

1
.0
9

3
1
.
5

3
5
.
0
(30~40(2 0~40)

(3 0~50)

(20~40)

3
2
.
9
(20~50)

1
.
0
2
3
1
.
5
(20~50)

checkon Table1
5
900
C

4
8

Mean

7
4
.
7(
1
5
.
5
)

24

4
8

9
6

1
.
0
2
1
0
.
0
(2
)

8
8
.
9
(
1
6
)

8
0
.
0
(
1
6
)

9
5
.
2
(
2
0
)

1
0
.
0
(2
)

I4.8( 1)

7.0

6.0

6.7

7.0

!?
Mean

1
.
0
9

1
1
.1
(2
)

2
5
.
3(
5
.
5
)

1
2
0

1
9
.
0
(4
)

2
5
.
0
(5
)

1
8
.
0(
3
.
7
)

2
0
.
0
(4
)

8
1
.
0
(
1
7
)

7
5
.
0
(
1
5
)

8
2
.
8(
1
7
)

6
5
.
0
(
1
3
)

7
.
4
(1
.5
)

1
5
.
0
(3
)

7.0

6.7

6.9

6
.7

c
h
e
c
kp
e
rcm.

V
l
l
. RotaryVeneerCuttingofBangkiraiandWhite
MerantiWoodsgrowninKalitnantan
Yo
s
h
i
m
a
s
aEGUSA
(Rsum)

T
h
i
sr
e
p
o
r
td
e
a
l
tw
i
t
ht
h
er
o
t
a
r
yv
e
n
e
e
rc
u
t
t
i
n
gandsomemechanicalp
r
o
p
e
r
t
i
e
swhichwerecon
s
i
d
e
r
e
dt
ober
e
l
a
t
e
dt
ot
h
eq
u
a
l
i
t
yofv
e
n
e
e
rofB
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
iandW hi
t
emerantiwoodsgrowni
nK
a
l
i
mantan.
Thed
a
t
ao
b
t
a
i
n
e
dfromte

on

mechanicalp
r
o
p
e
r
t
i
e
swhichcomprisedB
r
i
n
e
l
lhardness, YOUNG'S

modulus, bendings
t
r
e
n
g
t
hand fc
t
i
t
i
o
u
ssain (
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
nof g
r
a
i
ni
s perpendic ar t
ot
h
es
p
a
n
) on
e
a
c
hg
r
e
e
no
ucookedl
o
gwereshowni
nT
a
b
l
e
s1~16 andF
i
g
u
r
e
s1~10. In c
u
t
t
i
n
g test, v
e
n
e
e
rw
c
u
tfromg
r
e
e
nandcookedl
o
g
switht
h
ed
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
ti
n
c
l
i
n
eo
p
e
n
i
n
g
sandt
h
er
a
t
eo
f
l
a
t
h
echeckwas mea
s
u
r
e
d
.Judging fromt
h
er
e
s
u
l
t
sof c
u
t
t
i
n
gtests, i
tw

found

t
obev
e
r
ydicult t
oc
u
tgoodq
u
a
l
i
t
y

v
e
nthoughc
o
o
k
i
n
gt
r
e
a
t
m
e
n
t (60~900C) wasdone
v
e
n
e
e
r fromB
a
n
g
k
i
r
a
iandWhitem
e
r
a
n
t
iwoods, e
f
O
il
o
g
sp
r
i
o
rt
oc
u
t
t
i
n
g
.