ARIMA
12-
. ( ) ,
(, ),
, (
, , ,
, ), 10
( 1989 . 1998 .).
, 1
0 .
- ,
,
( 1998 . 1998
.).
().
:
,
ARIMA , 108
.
,
ARIMA ,
,
.
,
ARIMA ,
(
).
- ARIMA ,
( 1999 . 1999 .).
1. ARIMA
ARIMA -
.
: (1) () p, d, q sp, sd, sq (
) ; (2)
, ; (3)
,
.
. - ,
ARIMA SPSS
,
ARIMA .
(1) ARIMA :
(p).
. 0,1 2.
0 ,
. 1 , ,
, 1 (-
). 2 , ,
, 2, ..
(t)
(t-1 t-2).
, (d).
, ..
(
).
0 , ,
. 0
. 1
() (- ), 2 , . ,
- ,
. ARIMA (0,1,0)
,
,
,
.
(q).
. 0,1 2.
0, ,
. 1
, , ,
1, 2 - 2.
.
, .
(d>0)
. d=0
- . d=1,
, (
!). d=2
( , "
").
(Keep It Simple=KIS)!!!
(2) :
. - ,
ARIMA SPSS
.
Phi
.
1.
Theta
.
1.
,
(Phi Theta )
:
p,q = 1 -> -1 < Phi < +1; -1 < Theta < +1
p,q = 2 -> Phi1 + Phi2 < 1 Phi2 - Phi1 < 1 (
); Theta1
+ Theta2 < 1 Theta2 - Theta1 < 1 (
).
(3) :
,
, - .
, -, -; - .
ARIMA :
?. -
,
. :
,
() , ..
.
,
, .
:
, .. .
, .. (
- ).
, .
( - ACF) ,
(Sequence charts).
. - ,
ARIMA SPSS
,
:
Analyze Time Series Autocorrelations
Options ,
(
16,
12). 48, .. 4 ,
.
,
,
ARIMA ( ). Display
autocorrelations at periodic lags,
(
; 4 12, 24, 36 48- ).
Display autocorrelations at periodic lags.
. - ,
ARIMA SPSS
, ACF
, :
,
,
.
12 ( 12, 24, 36 48 ).
,
.
.
.
:
Analyze Time Series Sequence charts
. - ,
ARIMA SPSS
,
, .
Format Reference line at the mean of series.
, :
.
() .
. - ,
ARIMA SPSS
, ,
. ,
(Yt-Yt-12).
,
.
. - ,
ARIMA SPSS
ACF
( ,
!).
( )
.
.
- ,
( 12, 24, 36 ..).
, ACF (12
- ).
ACF .
,
,
ARIMA :
- ARIMA (0,0,0)(1,1,0)12;
- ARIMA (0,0,0)(0,1,1)12;
. - ,
ARIMA SPSS
- ARIMA (0,0,0)(1,1,1)12.
ARIMA ,
:
Analyze Time Series Create models
Variables , (
), ,
(
ARIMA).
, Criteria...
.
880 (..
0), .
. - ,
ARIMA SPSS
, Statistics
Parameter estimates.
1.
, .
, Paste. DIFFSEASONAL,
DIFFSEASONAL= [1] DIFFSEASONAL=1.
. - ,
10
ARIMA SPSS
. - ,
11
ARIMA SPSS
-
(
).
, , , :
- ARIMA
(0,0,0)(0,1,1)12,
BIC 16,627.
, - BIC,
.
ARIMA (0,0,0)(0,1,1)12, Save
Noise Residual,
. -
.
. - ,
12
ARIMA SPSS
, ,
Theta . Theta
(-1 < 0,818 < +1).
,
, .
. (
,
!)
. ,
(
)
( ).
. - ,
13
ARIMA SPSS
(
48
16
).
. - ,
14
ARIMA SPSS
:
,
.
,
, .
, ,
, .
, ,
ARIMA (0,0,0)(0,1,1)12.
,
(Analyze Time Series Create models).
. , , ARIMA
(0,0,0), .
.
-.
, p-value - 0,05,
.
. - ,
15
ARIMA SPSS
, ,
.
,
- - (Analyze Descriptive statistics Explore).
-, ,
(p-value - 0,05,
).
.
SPSS 16
.
.
, ,
, Expert Modeler (
- ,
).
, :
Analyze Time Series Create models
. - ,
16
ARIMA SPSS
Expert Modeler.
Critera -
ARIMA , .. , Model
ARIMA models only Expert modeler considers seasonal models.
. - ,
17
ARIMA SPSS
Outliers
.
, . Help Topics (
outliers).
ARIMA .
,
(
.
Model Description
Model ID
Model_1
Model Type
ARIMA(0,0,0)(1,1,0)
,
,
. ,
, .
. - ,
18
ARIMA SPSS
,
, .
,
. -
, ,
.
. - ,
19
ARIMA SPSS
,
.
.
. - ,
20
ARIMA SPSS
. ,
(
,
) 2, ,
,
.
Graphs Chart builder
Scatter/Dot (Simple scatter).
, ,
( ).
, - ARIMA .
(Analyze Descriptive statistics Descriptives, Save
standardized values as variables).
2
. - ,
21
ARIMA SPSS
. - ,
22
ARIMA SPSS
,
. .
,
,
1998 .
. - ,
23
ARIMA SPSS
, (
1998 . 1998 ., 1989 .
1997 .).
ARIMA ( ).
, ,
, 1%, - ,
- (14,185%
23,228%, ARIMA ).
Statistics 3
N
Mean
Valid
MAPEarima_outliers*
Missing
12
11,9740
MAPEarima
12
0
12,7164
2. ARIMA . ARIMAX
SPSS, Transform Compute variable : abs(( ) /
)*100. Analyze Descriptive statistics
Frequencies Statistics Mean,
.
.
3
. - ,
24
ARIMA SPSS
, ARIMA
.
-
,
TF(r,s,b) 4,
.
ARIMA
,
.
Expert Modeler SPSS
- ARIMA .
ARIMA , :
Analyze Time Series Create models
r ; s ; b .
. - ,
25
ARIMA SPSS
,
Statistics. ,
.
- :
. - ,
26
ARIMA SPSS
( -1 +1)
.
(s=0, b=0).
(s=0, b=0).
329,53
.
,
. ,
.
, .
, ,
.
( 35- 39- ), - (p-value
- -
0,05!). ,
35- 39- .
. - ,
27
ARIMA SPSS
. - ,
28
ARIMA SPSS
. - ,
29
ARIMA SPSS
. - . -
, :
Analyze Descriptive statistics P-P plots
,
, 45-
.
.
Analyze Descriptive statistics Explore
. - ,
30
ARIMA SPSS
, Plots
Normality plots with tests.
- ,
.
Tests of Normality
Kolmogorov-Smirnova
Statistic
,155
df
96
. - ,
Sig.
,000
Statistic
,881
Shapiro-Wilk
df
96
Sig.
,000
31
ARIMA SPSS
SPSS
,
, Detect outliers automatically.
Expert
modeler ARIMA ,
.
.
, -
.
. - ,
32
ARIMA SPSS
,
.
. 20- ,
, ,
- -
(p-value=0,613>0.05!).
. - ,
33
ARIMA SPSS
. - ,
34
ARIMA SPSS
,
.
- -.
Tests of Normality
Kolmogorov-Smirnova
Statistic
,072
df
96
Sig.
,200*
Statistic
,979
Shapiro-Wilk
df
96
Sig.
. - ,
35
,116
ARIMA SPSS
, .
Times Series Modeler ( Option)
( - 1998 .).
ARIMAX (
).
Statistics
N
Mean
Valid
MAPEarimax_outliers*
12
Missing
MAPEarimax
8,9286
12
6,7367
, , , :
.
2% -.
.
2 -.
3. ARIMA
ARIMA
(vents) . , .
,
( ), () .
,
:
Analyze Time Series Create models
36
ARIMA SPSS
( )
( ).
. - ,
37
ARIMA SPSS
5.
,
.
- ARIMA ARIMA(0,0,0)(0,1,1)12,
.
Model Description
Model ID
Model_1
Model Type
ARIMA(0,0,0)(0,1,1)
, , ..
theta, .
, .
10547
.
,
(
) Paste.
, (
), . /MODEL DEPENDENT=men INDEPENDENT=promotions [E]
5
. - ,
38
ARIMA SPSS
- ,
.
. - ,
39
ARIMA SPSS
.
Tests of Normality
Kolmogorov-Smirnova
Statistic
,110
df
96
Sig.
,006
Statistic
Shapiro-Wilk
,937
df
96
Sig.
,000
,
.
.
. - ,
40
ARIMA SPSS
Model Description
Model ID
Model_1
Model Type
ARIMA(0,0,0)(1,1,0)
,
- (
).
10077
.
,
.
,
. 42
, .
, -
.
. - ,
41
ARIMA SPSS
. - ,
42
ARIMA SPSS
,
,
.
Tests of Normality
Kolmogorov-Smirnova
Statistic
,055
df
96
Sig.
,200*
Statistic
,991
Shapiro-Wilk
df
96
Sig.
,798
. - ,
43
ARIMA SPSS
, , ,
,
1998 . .
, .
ARIMA ,
, .
Statistics
N
Mean
MAPEevent_outlier*
Valid
12
Missing
10,7143
MAPEevent
12
10,3308
, , :
.
0,4% -.
,
,
ARIMA,
.
-
ARIMA
ARIMA ,
.
6,7367 %!
:
,
ARIMA ,
(
, .
. - ,
44