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TIPE JEMBATAN
B.JEMBATAN
:
RANGKA BAJA
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
50
m
6
m
7
m
1
m
( 2 buah )
kelas I
A
70
%
1
m
5
m
250
kk4200
2400 kg/m3
2000 kg/m3
Diminta :
1 Buat teori tentang langkah-langkah perhitungan dan rumus yang digunakan
2 Rencanakan struktur atas jembatan
3 Gambar konstruksi jembatan dengan detail secara lengkap diatas kertas kalkir ukuran A-3
Perencanaan Superstruktur
Perhitungan Berat Sendiri Lantai
Perhitungan Lantai jembatan denngan menggunakan beton bertulang
5 cm
20 cm
100 cm
Beban Mati
Berat sendiri Aspal
Berat sendiri Beton
Beban lain-lain
0.05
0.2
10
x
x
%
1
1
x
x
x
592.5
2250
2400
Ql
Mxm
Mym
1/8xqxL2
0.3 x
=
=
=
=
112.5
480
59.25
651.75
912.45
Kg/m
Kg/m
Kg/m
Kg/m
=
=
651.75
912.45
=
=
=
x
Kg/m
1
/
114.06 Kg.m
1140563 Nmm
114.06
=
=
1.4
34.21688 Kg.m
3421688 Nmm
Beban Hidup
Untuk perhitungan kekuatan lantai kendaraan digunakan beban T sebesar 10 ton,beban T adalah beban yang merupakan kendaraan truk yang mempunyai roda ganda (dual wheel load)
T=
10 ton
20 cm
20 cm
b1
x1
x1
x1
b2
x2
b1
x1
=
=
50
20
cm
cm
b2
x2
0.6 x
a.
20
20
cm
cm
10
=
=
19 t/m2
0.9
=
1.9 Kg/cm
=
=
=
90 cm
100 cm
90
/
100
0.9
fxm
0.095
ty
Lx
ty/Lx
=
=
=
60 cm
100 cm
60
/
100
0.6
fym
0.0427
Mxm
Mym
=
=
0.095 x
0.0427 x
1.85 x
1.85 x
90 x
90 x
60 =
60 =
949.05 Kg.cm
426.573 Kg.cm
=
=
=
180
100
180
100
1.8
fxm
0.2261
ty
Lx
ty/Lx
=
=
=
60 cm
100 cm
60
/
100
0.6
fym
0.1979
Mxm
Mym
=
=
0.2261 x
0.1979 x
60 =
60 =
4517.478
3954.042
Bagian II
tx
Lx
tx/Lx
=
=
=
20
100
20
ty
Lx
ty/Lx
=
=
=
60 cm
100 cm
60
/
Mxm
Mym
=
=
1.85 x
1.85 x
180 x
180 x
100 =
0.2
fxm
0.1796
0.6
fym
0.0639
60 =
60 =
398.712
141.858
100
0.1796 x
0.0639 x
1.85 x
1.85 x
398.712 =
141.858 =
20 x
20 x
4118.766
3812.184
=
=
4118.766 x
3812.184 x
1.6
1.6
=
=
6590.026 Kg.cm
6099.494 Kg.cm
momen total
Mxm
=
Mym
=
1140563 +
3421688 +
########
########
=
=
67040819 Nmm
64416632 Nmm
=
=
65900256 N.mm
60994944 N.mm
MENENTUKAN
22.095 N/mm2
Tulangan Lentur
M
bxd2xfcu
1000 x
67040818.5
170
=
2 x
0.10499
22.095
0.8725 x
As
Tulangan lentur
170 =
M
0,87 x fy x z
d=
=
As
170
148.325 mm
0.875
2292 mm2
67040818.5
4200
148.325
122.99
mm2
M
bxd2xfcu
la
1000
=
64416631.5
170 )
=
As
0.8725 x
=
d=
170 =
M
0,87 x fy x z
=
As
22.095
0.10088 mm2
170
148.325 mm
0.875
2292 mm2
64416631.5
4200
148.325
118.1752
mm2
Perhitungan Trotoar
Dipakai baja profil yang digunakan untuk mempertinggi trotoar dari lantai
h
t
b
d
G
Wx
50
7
38
5
5.59
10.6
=
=
=
=
=
=
mm
mm
mm
mm
Kg
cm3
x
x
2400
5.59
991.2
q
=
=
=
=
=
480
11.18
500
99.118
1090.30
Kg/m
Kg/m
Kg/m
Kg/m
Kg/m
13628.73 Kg/cm
M/Wx
1285.73 Kg/cm2
1285.7 Kg/cm2
<sa
1400 Kg/cm2
ok
Perhitungan Gelagar
Perhitungan Gelagar memanjang
n = (b/s)+1
b= Lebar Lantai kendaraan
s= Jarak Gelagar yang direncanakan =5m
n
=
10 buah
Koefisien Kejut (K) =
1
+
5 m
9 m
2 jalur
20
50 +L
L=5m
1.364
h
t1
b=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
1190
174
66
16
8
13
40
20
cm3
cm3
Kg
cm
cm
20
10 IWF 40 + 50 %
=
=
q=
=
[
10
663.3 Kg/m
=
=
=
0.05
0.2
10
4562.25 /
456.225 Kg/m
x
x
%
2250
2400
x
66
x
7
x
7
4148
Berat sendiri permeter
=
=
=
=
0.05
787.5
3360
414.8
4562
66
Kg/m
Kg/m
Kg/m
Kg/m
10
0.5
q
0.5 q
1.75
2.75
5
2.75
1.75
Muatan "D" yanguntuk
terjadi :
Muatan Garis(p)
2 jalur
=
=
6.6
=
=
36
=
2
t/m
2
x
x
2.2
2.75
=
+
x
t/m
12
5.5
m
(
2.2
12
500 Kg/m
Untuk Gelagar70 %
0.7
500
350 Kg/m
Untuk 2 Trotoar..
350
700 Kg/m
Muatan hidup
1.364
700
954.55 Kg/m
5.59
=
=
11.18 Kg/m
##### Kg/m
ql
Muatan merata
1/8 x q x l^2
20.63 tm
Muatan Garis
K x 1/4 x p x L
61.364 tm
Berat Sendiri
1/8 x q x l^2
1/2 x qt xL^2
Mt
2.063 tm
=
=
25.197 tm
##### tm
s ytd
M ..M
Wn
n
Wx
109.2 Kg/cm
=
=
10
1190 cm3
1400 Kg/cm2
MEMENUHI
P max
5
P dianggap di tanah oleh 3 gelagar memanjang dengan anggapan :
2,5 t
5t
1m
2,5 t
ANGGAPAN :
P pinggir=
1/2 p
2,5 t
P pinggir=
1/2 p
5t
1m
K x 1/4 x p x L
1.364
x
M ..M
Wx
Wx
10.59 Kg/cm
1190 cm3
8.523
2.063 Kgm
8.523 Kgm
10.59 Kgm
s ytd
1400 Kg/cm2
MEMENUHI
8523 Kgm
9
5
10
Berat sendiri
berat lantai =
651.8
10
66
9
5866 Kg/cm2
366.7 Kg/cm2
500 Kg/cm5
##### Kg/cm2
Muatan "D"
Pada muatan "D"diperhitungkan koefisien kejut (K) pada momen yang terjadi :
20
50 +L
L=5m
1.364
Muatan merata
2.2 t/m/jalur
Muatan Garis
12
ton/jalur
lebar lantai9
Untuk 2 jalur
2=
m
x
2
2.75
jalur
=
5.5
0.5 q
0.5 q
1.75 m
2.75 m
5 m
2.75 m
1.75 m
Muatan merata
2 =
Muatan Garis
1.364=
Muatan merata
( =
Muatan Garis
1.34 =
2.2
5.5
2
5.5
12
5.95
t/m
x
x
2.75
1.75
t/m
t/m
1.75 m
x
1.75 )
(
1.75
2
2.75
2
/
x
2.2
1.75
)x(
5.95
6.732
16.68 t/m
2.924
6.732
11.66 t/m
16.68
2.75
12
3.625
)
=
2
2.924
t/m
t/m
1.75
11.656
94.94 ton
( 11.66
=
9E+06 Kgcm
66.276 t/m
1.75 )
( 16.68
2.75 )
1.375
Wx
M/a
9E+06
1400
6781 cm3
Berdasarkan Wx yang didapat maka dapat di tentukan profil yang cocok untuk digunakan yaitu : I DIR 90.dengan data-data :
h=
1
b=
30.2 cm
s ytd
759.5
M1
Wx
Kg/cm2
<
Wx = 12500 cm3
1400 Kg/cm2
ok
90 cm
Wx
Wy
G
h
b
r
t1
t2
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
12500
174
332
90
30.2
3
2.1
4.1
cm3
cm3
kg
cm
cm
cm
cm
cm
20
20
10
=
=
=
=
=
=
651.8
4
10
332
10
10
x
x
x
x
x
x
L)
50
50
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
29329
111.8
3300
2988
4050
4050
7650
51479
76500 Kg
7650 Kg
Akibat Lantai
Akibat Trotoar
Akibat G memanjang
Akibat G melintang
Ikatan Angin Atas
Ikatan Angin Bawah
Berat sendiri gelagar utama
9
5.59
66
9
9
9
x
x
x
5
5
5
x
x
9
9
x
x
5
5
Q
Kg
Kg
Kg
Kg
Kg
Kg
Kg
Kg
Q untuk tumpuan
Q =
51478.6 /
25739 Kg
untuk
2 jalur
Muatan Merata
=
=
(
2
8.25 t/m
2.2
Muatan Garis
=
=
2
x
45 t/m
12
20
50 +L
1.75
L = 50m
1.2
Q akibat trotoar
Q
=
=
8.25
x
41250 Kg
=
=
700 Kg
41950 Kg
41.25
20975 Kg
0.5
41950
45
45
54
ton
54000
Kg
54000
27000
)
ton
Kg
1.2
1.75
12
2.2
W1
3 m
1 m
W2
##
## Kg
x(W2
luas
= 2sisi jembatan) x 6
0.3
##
40
( 2.15 )
W2
## Kg
50
(
50 +
= W1
= ### x
Q
##
= ### Kg
##
10 =
7010
Kg
##
3505
Kg
= Qt/2 =
##
6 Meter
3.65 m
6 m
P
1.2 m
Lantai
2.35
Pb
P=
1.15 m
5 %
Mautan "D"
=
=
5
4.3125
Pa
2.35
Pa
4.313
2.35
Pb
4.313
1.68906
%
ton
1.689
ton
2.623
ton
84.45 Kg
0.1
8.25
45
100
Qa
3 m
5.55 m
6 m
W2
1 m
W1
Lantai
1 m
Qb
0.45 m
50
100
10000
Kg
50
40
2.75
5.55
10000
1.7
W2
12150
Q atas
9083.3
W2 =
1.5
x
=
12150 Kg
Q atas
12150
50413
5.55
=
Q bawah =
=
9083
Kg
W1
10000
13067
+
+
Kg
Q atas /2
9083.3
4541.7
Q /2
4541.7
2270.8
P1
5m
P2
5m
P3
5m
P4
5m
P5
5m
P6
5m
P7
5m
P8
5m
Kg
Kg
P9
0.3
Bagiaan bawah
= Q bawah /10 =
P1
5m
Q /2
P2
P3
5m
13067
10
1306.7
Kg
1306.7
653.33
Kg
P4
5m
P5
5m
P6
5m
P7
5m
P8
5m
P9
5m
P10
5m
P11
5m
Kesimpulan beban luar (Q ) yang bekerja pada gelagar rangka utama tiap titik kumpul adalah :
Akibat muatan mati + berat sendiri maka :
Akibat lantai
651.75
Akibat trotoar
4
Akibat G memanjang
10
Akibat G melintang
332
Kons. Baja jembatan
10
Berat sendiri Gelagar utama
Muatan angin Atas
10
Muatan angin bawah
x
x
x
x
x
9
5.59
66
9
9
x
x
x
x
x
5
5
5
9
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
27764
Kg
13882
Kg
Qt
=
=
=
=
20625
27000
700
48325
Kg
Kg
Kg
Kg
2
2
x
x
0.1
0.1
=
=
29328.8
111.8
3300
2988
4050
7650
4050
4050
55528.6
Kg
Kg
Kg
Kg
Kg
Kg
Kg
Kg
Kg
41250
1.6891
2.6234
/
/
8.445
13.12
84.45 Kg
131.2 Kg
Akibat beban-beban yang bekerja Pada Rangka Utama dibagi dalam dua bagian yaitu :
a Akibat berat sendiri + Muatan mati
Qs
=
27764.3
Kg
b Akibat muatan hidup + Muatan angin
Qh
=
48325
+
7010
55335 Kg
Jadi total beban yang bekerja pada rangka utama per titik kumpul adalah
P
Qs
Qh
83099 Kg
84.453 Kg
0.0845 ton
131.17 Kg
0.1312 ton
PX1
6 m
PX2
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
Ra
50
P6
P7
P8
P9
Rb
Ra
50
P1
P5
P9
x
x
x
Ra
50
83099.3
15
=
=
#######
Kg
373937
Kg
373.937 ton
Ra
Ra
45
25
5
P2
P6
PX
x
x
x
40
20
6
P3
P7
0
x
x
35
15
P4
P8
x
x
45
40
35
30
25
20
10
84.45
30
10
SMA
Rb
50
+
+
+
P1
P5
P9
x
x
x
45
25
5
+
+
+
P2
P6
PX
x
x
x
40
20
6
+
+
=
P3
P7
0
x
x
35
15
+
+
P4
P8
x
x
30
10
Rb
50
83099
15
x
+
(
10
45
+
+
5
40
)
+
+
35
84.4531
+
x
30
6
25
20
=
=
###### Kg
###### Kg
373.96 ton
Sv
Ra
#####
+
+
Rb
#####
=
=
SP
#####
Atau
Ra
Rb
SP
373937
4E+05
7E+05
Rb
Rb
SH
Ha
=
=
=
PX
#####
215.6
+
+
Kg
Px1
131.172
Pada setiap sambungan yang digunakan adalah baut, dengan kekuatan sebagai berikut ;
s
s
d
Ng
=
=
=
=
=
=
1400
0,8 x tegangan Kg/cm2
1,6 x tegangan Kg/cm2
25 mm
2 x 1/4 x px (2,5)2 x 0,8 x 1400
10990 kg..Sambungan seiris ganda
Ng
=
=
Kekuatan tumpu ( Nt), didasarkan pada tebal plat dan diameter baut
10
11
6
1
6
50
d
s
Nt
=
=
=
=
25
2
32
2.5
mm
x
mm
x
16
3.2 x
17920
Tebal Plat
=
1.6 x
1400 =
16 mm
17920 kg
Dalam menentukan profil yang digunakan,didasarkan pada gaya batang yang ekstrim baik tarik maupun tekan dari seluruh ga
Hal ini hanya berlaku pada profil rangka utama untuk mendapatkan luas penampang yang sama.
A. Profil Rangka Utama
1. Batang Atas
P
lk
=
=
-401335
500
Kg
cm
H
t1 30
417
Lk /Imin
=
=
1.1 x
187000 =
500 /
10.7 =
0.08877 x
124.284 cm2
sytd =
P/F
sytd =
-759.241 Kg/cm2
=
=
2 Batang bawah
P
lk
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
528.6
415
18.8
10.7
187000
60500
mm
1,1 ix =
sk
458
mm
B=
l=
F
G
ix
iy
Ix
Iy
-81986.2 Kg
500 cm
205700 cm4
46.729 .
a
0.0888
1400
-401335 /
-759.24 Kg/cm2
sytd
528.6
<
sk
124.3 Kg/cm3
cm2
Kg/m
cm2
cm2
cm4
cm4
Fbr
250.7
cm3
Fnt
0.9
250.7
225.63
cm2
Lk /Imin
500
10.7
sk
0.089
1400
sytd
P/F
sytd
=
=
0.09
124.28 Kg/cm3
-81986
/
-363.4 Kg/cm
sytd
<
-363.366 Kg/cm2
46.729 .a
225.6
sk
1400 Kg/cm3
3 Batang Diagonal
P
Lk
=
=
-98086.1 Kg
781 cm
1.1 x
Imin = ix
=
187000 =
205700 cm4
18.8
Lk /Imin =
781 /
sk
0.08922 x
1400 =
sytd =
P/F
sytd =
-185.558 Kg/cm2
=
=
0.09
124.9 Kg/cm2
-98086 /
-185.56
sytd
72.991 ...a=
10.7 =
528.6
<
sk
124.9 K/cm3
4. Batang Vertikal
P
Lk
=
=
-980984 Kg
600 cm
( Tarik)
332
261
h = 453
d =
b = 308 mm
sytd =
P/F
=
=
-980984 /
-2954.8 Kg/cm2
sytd <
sk
1400 Kg/cm3
332
=
=
75324.3 Kg
450 cm
( Tarik)
80.80.12
Data-data
W
y
v
x
80 mm
ix = iy
2.39 cm
Ix = Iy
102 cm4
17.9 cm2
v
I min
=
=
34.1
2.4
s
a
b
Fn
sytd =
453
308
40
22
22 mm
P / Fn
0.8 x
17.9 =
75324.3 /
14.32 cm2
14.32
=
sytd <
5260.08 Kg/cm2
1400 Kg/cm3
tinjau ulang
2 Batang Diagonal
P
Lk
=
=
-98086.1 Kg ( Tekan )
450 cm
Kontrol
l
Lk /Imin =
450 /
sk
0.08969 x
1400 =
sytd =
P/F
sytd =
-5479.67 Kg/cm2<
=
=
-98086 /
-5479.7 Kg/cm2
2.400 =
125.57 Kg/cm2
17.9
125.57 Kg/cm
.
Ok
=
=
17.9 cm2
0.8 x
17.9 =
sytd =
P/F
=
=
-98086 /
-6849.6 Kg/cm2
sytd <
sk
1400 Kg/cm3
1 Batang Diagonal
P
P
Lk
=
=
=
15718.3 Kg
15718.3 Kg
1029.6 cm
( Tekan)
( Tarik)
130.130.16
3.92 cm
187.5 ...a=
14.32 cm2
14.32
ok
0.09
ix
F
lb
=
=
=
=
2
x
1210 cm4
39.3 cm2
5.33 mm
605
I min = ix
l
P0
Lk /Imin =
p2
n
x
x
1029.6 /
E
LK2
Ix
3.92 =
Pytd =
####### Kg
<
=
=
0.0788 Kg
262.65
3.14 )2
#####
.ulang
=
=
39.3 cm2
0.8 x
39.3 =
sytd =
P/F
=
=
15718.3 /
499.946 Kg/cm2
sytd <
sk
1400 Kg/cm3
31.44 cm2
31.44
2.1
3.5
x
x
cm2
Kg/m
mm
mm
mm
mm
( 10 )6
( 1030 )2
1210
Batang
Nomor
Cremona
S
y max
a1
a2
a3
a4
a5
a6
a7
a8
1.3333333
0.6
-1.928777
-1.410593
-1.986759
-4.53863
5.8481714
6
1.33333333
0.81356767
-2.0507773
-1.7632411
-2.5121475
-5.8333333
6.66666667
6.66666667
b1
b2
b3
b4
b5
b6
b7
b8
b9
b10
-0.75
-1.015633
1.5
1.6666667
2.0833333
1.6666667
5.8333333
-6.666667
1.5
0
-0.75
-1.0156326
1.75
1.66666667
2.08333333
1.66666667
5.83333333
3.83333333
1.5
0
d1
d2
d3
d4
d5
d6
d7
d8
d9
d10
0
-0.781025
-0.520683
0.60
-0.40
0.60
-0.60
0.60
-1.171537
0
1.17153745
-0.9111958
-0.6508541
0.80
-0.5206833
0.80
-0.70
0.80
-1.3017083
0
v1
v2
v3
v4
v5
v6
v7
v8
v9
-8.208273
-20
1
0.8
1
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.8
0.6
-0.162245 -0.1390672
0.5
0.4
3
2.8
0.7
0.6
B.Mati (Kg)
25739.275
Tarik (+)
Tekan (-)
34319.0333
15443.565
-49645.32321
-36307.63874
-51137.73282
-116821.0402
150527.693
154435.65
-19304.45625
-26141.64778
38608.9125
42898.7917
53623.4896
42898.7917
150145.771
-15731.25
-21302.8946
31462.5
34958.333
43697.917
34958.333
122354.17
-171595.1667
38608.9125
0
-139833.333
31462.5
0
0
-20103.01642
-13402.01095
15443.565
15443.565
-15443.565
-211275.0044
25739.275
25739.275
20591.42
20591.42
-4176.071357
12869.6375
77217.825
18017.4925
-3403.09106
10487.5
62925
14682.5
-35548.159
53834.565
-46928.565
-8212.477534
-51134.565
53834.565
-89873.6462
0
-57539.99601
-98086.124
0
-923443.537
68314.275
68314.275
53571.42
53571.42
-1137.338181
3505
21030
4907
53834.565
49628.565
7010
7010
5608
5608
-66562.287
-45546.395
-32744.1594
49628.565
-7157.906333
21287.5
138525
30882.5
49628.565
-4206
-712168.533
31631.511
-61087.3016
-41896.4052
-2804
4206
-358161.83
121086.41
0
31631.5112
4206
42575
42575
32980
32980
-311428.5
-5474.985023
-3649.990015
-59719.12158
127836.41
134540.46
114554.17
134540.46
470891.6
110571.413
0
4206
-3754.81527
10800
75600
16200
-46733.33333
-31485
-540000
117321.413
122857.125
99950
122857.125
429999.938
34185
21600
21600
16200
16200
-60543.206
-81986.208
-22448.44942
-35146.1235
-172168.533
20975
20975
16780
16780
-55285.7063
-74866.6236
10515
0
34185
-5257.5
-7119.584795
-40984.28517
-28494.39423
-18900
-24572.998
0
K. Beban
Kg
Tarik (+)
Tekan(-)
107632.37
54200.892
-158993.14
-123390.59
-174565.16
-401334.59
494188.77
502345.65
-139833.3333
34185
21600
B.Mati + B hidup
Kg
Tarik (+)
Tekan (-)
98285.7
49994.8922
-145472.409
-113502.336
-160637.983
-369518.8
453193.089
460285.65
10515
11683.3333
14604.1667
11683.3333
40891.6667
31631.5112
21600
-35981.25
-48724.97583
-14058.4494
-12585
-30154.52463
0
302665.396
305850
78712.5
79958.3333
99947.9167
79958.3333
279854.167
103500
71962.5
0
21600
12585
Tekan (-)
-95827.08615
-77194.69682
-109500.2503
-252697.7598
-24602.2865
-17573.0618
-8390
12585
15443.565
47250
45000
56250
45000
157500
103500
40500
0
31631.51119
12585
Tari (+)
63966.6667
34551.3272
-20250
-27422.0812
-16381.9987
-10921.3325
-10295.71
Total
-980983.53
75324.275
75324.275
59179.42
59179.42
-11333.9777
34157.1375
215742.825
48899.9925
-12471.316
37662.138
236772.83
53806.993
P=
a1
a2
1 ton
o
a3
a4
v2
d1
d2
a5
a6
d6
d3
d4
d5
a7
d8
v8
v7
d9
a8
v6
v1
v3
v4
v5
6 M
d10
d7
v9
Px2
b1
Ra
b2
P1
5
b3
P2
5
b4
P3
b5
P4
5
g
P5
5
b6
-p
225
h
P6
5
b7
j
P8
b8
P7
5
b9
k
P9
b10
Rb
5
50
a = atan
50.1944
5m
-
MB = 0
RA
RA
RA
RA
50 50 50
=
=
P
P
+
+
x
x
P
P
(X(X-
50
50
50
50
MA = 0
)
)
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
50
U/X =
0
RA =
-1.0000 ton
U/X =
5
RA =
-0.9000 ton
U/X =
10
RA =
-0.8000 ton
U/X =
15
RA =
-0.7000 ton
U/X =
20
RA =
-0.6000 ton
U/X =
25
RA =
-0.5000 ton
U/X =
30
RA =
-0.4000 ton
U/X =
35
RA =
-0.3000 ton
U/X =
40
RA =
-0.2 ton
U/X =
45
RA =
-0.1000 ton
U/X =
50
RA =
0.0000 ton
Dengan menggunakan metode ritcher kita dapat menghitung garis pengaruh rangka batang.
-RB 50 + P ( X ) = 0
RB = P
X
50
A -C interval
0 <x<
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1
J
d1
p = 1 Ton
b1
C
1
Smj = 0
-b1
-b1
6 + RA
6 =
-RA
5 -P1 ( X 5 )=0
5 + P1 ( X-
5 )
RB =
RB =
RB =
RB =
RB =
RB =
RB =
RB =
RB =
RB =
RB =
0.0000
-0.1000
-0.2000
-0.3000
-0.4000
-0.5000
-0.6000
-0.7000
-0.8000
-0.9000
-1.0000
ton
ton
ton
ton
ton
ton
ton
ton
ton
ton
ton
5 m
b1 =
-RA
5 + P1 ( X-
5 )
-6
U/X =
U/X =
0
5
-1.0000
-0.9000
RA =
RA =
b1 =
b1 =
0
-0.75
t
t
J
P 1 T berada pada interval
5 <
50
V1
-a1
-a1
A
b1
6
6 =
b1 =
+ RA
-RA
-RA
5 =0
5
5
-6
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
RA
RA
RA
RA
RA
RA
RA
RA
RA
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
-0.8000
-0.7000
-0.6000
-0.5000
-0.4000
-0.3000
-0.2000
-0.1000
0.0000
b1 =
b1 =
b1 =
b1 =
b1 =
b1 =
b1 =
b1 =
b1 =
-0.66667
-0.58333
-0.50000
-0.41667
-0.33333
-0.25000
-0.16667
-0
0
d1 cos a + b1
d1 0.64018 =
d1 =
-b1
-b1
0.6402
U/X =
U/X =
0
5
b1 =
b1 =
0.0000
-0.7500
d1=
d1=
5 <
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
b1 =
b1 =
b1 =
b1 =
b1 =
b1 =
b1 =
b1 =
b1 =
-0.6667
-0.5833
-0.5000
-0.4167
-0.3333
-0.2500
-0.1667
-0.0833
0.0000
d1 =
d1 =
d1 =
d1 =
d1 =
d1 =
d1 =
d1 =
d1 =
0
1.1715
50 Maka persamaanya sebagi berikut :
1.0414
0.9112
0.781
0.6509
0.5207
0.3905
0.2603
-0.1302
0
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
Dengan memperhatikan pot 3 maka garis pengaruh a1, d2 dan b2 dapat ditentukan
2
a1
P 1 ton
d2
SMD = 0
a1
a1
6 + RA 10 -P ( X10 ) = 0
6 = -RA
10 + p ( x 10 ) = 0
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
v1
a1 =
-RA
10 + p ( x -
10 )
6
c
b2
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
RA
0
5
10
;RA = -1.0000
;RA = -0.9000
;RA = -0.8000
a1 =
a1 =
a1 =
0
0.666666667
1.333333333
t
t
t
a1
a1
a1
6 + RA
6 =
-RA
=
-RA
10 = 0
10
10
6
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
-0.7000
-0.6000
-0.5000
-0.4000
-0.3000
-0.2000
-0.1000
0.0000
a1 =
a1 =
a1 =
a1 =
a1 =
a1 =
a1 =
a1 =
1.16666667
1
0.83333333
0.66666667
0.5
0.3
-0
0
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
Garis pengaruh d2 menggunakan persamaan :
SV = 0
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
SV = 0
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
-b2
-b2
b2
6 -d2 Cos a
6
+RA
6 -d2
0.994521895 +RA
= d2
0.994521895 -RA
10 -P ( x 10 +
-6
10 -P ( x 10 )
P(X-
10 )
10 )
-d2 sin a + RA - P = 0
-d2 0.8 = -RA + P
d2 =
-RA + P
-0.76822128
0
5
10
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
-1.0000
-0.9000
-0.8000
d2 =
d2 =
d2 =
0
0.130170828
0.260341656
t
t
t
d2 =
d2 =
d2 =
d2 =
d2 =
d2 =
d2 =
d2 =
-0.911195796
-0.781024968
-0.65085414
-0.520683312
-0.390512484
-0.260341656
-0
0
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
-d2 sin a + RA = 0
-d2 0.8 = -RA
d2 =
-RA
-0.76822128
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
-0.7000
-0.6000
-0.5000
-0.4000
-0.3000
-0.2000
-0.1000
0.0000
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
0
5
10
interval
d2 =
0
RA =
d2 = 0.130170828 RA =
d2 = 0.260341656 RA =
-1.00
-0.90
-0.80
b2 =
b2 =
b2 =
0
-0.688242956
-1.376485913
t
t
t
10 <x < 50
SMK = 0
-b2
-b2
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
6 -d2
6 =
b2 =
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
d2 =
d2 =
d2 =
d2 =
d2 =
d2 =
d2 =
d2 =
0.9945219 +RA 10
d2
0.99452 -Ra
d2
0.99452 -Ra
-6
-0.911195796
-0.781024968
-0.65085414
-0.520683312
-0.390512484
-0.260341656
-0.130170828
0
10
10
RA =
RA =
RA =
RA =
RA =
RA =
RA =
RA =
b2 = -1.015632638
b2 = -0.870542261
b2 = -0.725451885
b2 = -0.580361508
b2 = -0.435271131
b2 = -0.290180754
b2 = -0
b2 = 0
-0.7000
-0.6000
-0.5000
-0.4000
-0.3000
-0.2000
-0.1000
0.0000
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
5 d3 +RA 10 -P ( X 5 d3 = -RA
10 +
V1 = -RA
10 +
0
5
10
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
-1.00
-0.90
-0.80
SMK = 0 V1 =
-RA 10 - D1
5
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
10 ) + D1 Cos a
6
P ( X10 - D1
P ( X10 - D1
5
1
1
D1 =
0
D1 = 1.17154
D1 = 1.04137
V1 =
-20
t
V1 =
-20
t
V1 = -8.208273325 t
D1 =
D1 =
D1 =
D1 =
D1 =
D1 =
D1 =
D1 =
V1 =
1.191726675
V1 =
1.017760841
V1 =
0.843795006
V1 =
0.669829172
V1 =
0.521897503
V1 =
0.347931669
V1 = 0.226
V1 =
0
-0.7000
-0.6000
-0.5000
-0.4000
-0.3000
-0.2000
-0.1000
0.0000
1.04137
0.9112
0.78102
0.65085
0.39051
0.26034
-0.1
0
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
a2
E
SME = 0
-b3
-b3
P = 1 Ton
v2
15
15
15
p(xp(x-
d3
b3
RA
6 -p ( x 6 =
b3 =
)+ RA
) - RA
) - RA
15 = 0
15
15
-6
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
-1.00
-0.90
-0.80
-0.7000
-0.6000
-0.5000
-0.4000
-0.3000
-0.2000
-0.1000
b3 =
b3 =
b3 =
b3 =
b3 =
b3 =
b3 =
b3 =
b3 =
b3 =
0
0.583333333
1.166666667
1.75
1.5
1.25
1
0.75
0.5
0.3
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
U/X =
Sv = 0
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
-d3 sin a
-d3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
+ RA - p = 0
0.768 = -RA + P
d3
= -RA + P
-0.76822128
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
-1.00
-0.90
-0.80
-0.7000
-0.6000
-0.5000
-0.4000
-0.3000
-0.2000
-0.1000
0.0000
50 ;RA =
Sv = 0
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
0.00
-0.10
-0.20
-0.30
-0.40
-0.65
-0.52
-0.39
-0.26
-0.13
0
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
0.0000
v2 + RA - P + d3 Sin a
v2 = -RA + P - d3
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
SH = 0
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
-1
-0.9
-0.8
-0.7
-0.6
-0.5
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1000
0.0000
b3 =
b3 =
b3 =
b3 =
b3 =
b3 =
b3 =
b3 =
b3 =
b3 =
b3 =
0.76822128
a2 + b3 + d3 cos a
a2 =
-b3 - d3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
b3 =
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
0.00
-0.10
-0.20
-0.30
-0.40
-0.65085414
-0.520683312
-0.390512484
-0.260341656
-0.13
0.00
v2 =
v2 =
v2 =
v2 =
v2 =
v2 =
v2 =
v2 =
v2 =
v2 =
v2 =
0
0.583333333
1.166666667
1.75
1.5
1.25
1
0.75
0.5
0.25
0
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
-0.65085414
-0.520683312
-0.390512484
-0.260341656
-0.13
0.00
a2 =
a2 =
a2 =
a2 =
a2 =
a2 =
a2 =
a2 =
a2 =
a2 =
a2 =
0
0.058333333
0.233333333
0.525
0.6
0.813567675
0.520683312
0.292884363
0.130170828
-0.03
0
-b4
-b4
d4
p 1 ton
6 -p ( x 6 =
b4 =
20
20
20
p(xp(x-
V3
b4
RA
)+ RA
) - RA
) - RA
20 = 0
20
20
-6
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
0
-0.023177872
-0.046355744
-0.069533616
0.907288512
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-1.00
-0.90
-0.80
-0.7000
-0.6000
-0.5000
-0.4000
b4 =
b4 =
b4 =
b4 =
b4 =
b4 =
b4 =
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
1.666666667
1.333333333
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
Sv = 0
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
-d4 sin a
-d4
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
+ RA - p+ d3 Sin a
0.768 = -RA + P
d4
= -RA + P
-0.76822128
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
- d3
-1.00
-0.90
-0.80
-0.7000
-0.6000
-0.5000
-0.4000
-0.3000
-0.2000
-0.1000
0.0000
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
0.76822128
0.00
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
-0.65085414
-0.520683312
-0.390512484
-0.260341656
-0.13
0.00
d4 =
d4 =
d4 =
d4 =
d4 =
d4 =
d4 =
d4 =
d4 =
d4 =
d4 =
0.00
-0.02
-0.05
-0.07
-0.09
0.50
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.2
0
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
35
40
45
50
Sv = 0
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
1
0.666666667
0.3
0
b4 =
b4 =
b4 =
b4 =
v3 + RA - P + d3 Sin a
v3 = -RA + P - d3
SH = 0
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
-0.3000
-0.2000
-0.1000
0.0000
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
=
0.76822128
-1
-0.9
-0.8
-0.7
-0.6
-0.5
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1000
0.0000
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
b4 =
b4 =
b4 =
b4 =
b4 =
b4 =
b4 =
b4 =
b4 =
b4 =
b4 =
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
d3 =
a3 + b4 + d4 cos a
a3 =
-b4 - d4
t
t
t
t
0.00
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
-0.650854
-0.520683
-0.390512
-0.260342
-0.130171
0
SMM = 0
-b5
-b5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
1.666666667
1.333333333
1
0.666666667
0.333333333
0
6 -p ( x 6 =
b5 =
d4 =
d4 =
d4 =
d4 =
d4 =
d4 =
d4 =
d4 =
d4 =
d4 =
d4 =
0
-0.023177872
-0.046355744
-0.069533616
-0.092711488
0.5
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
a3 =
a3 =
a3 =
a3 =
a3 =
a3 =
a3 =
a3 =
a3 =
a3 =
a3 =
0
-0.482194265
-0.964388531
-1.446582796
-1.928777062
-2.050777306
-1.947910357
-1.460932768
-0.973955179
-0.486977589
0
25
25
25
p(xp(x-
d5
)+ RA
) - RA
) - RA
25 = 0
25
25
-6
v4
G
b5
Sv = 0
U/X =
-d5 sin a
+ RA - p = 0
-d5
0.8 =
-RA + P
d4 =
-RA + P
-0.76822128
0
;RA =
-1.00
d5 =
0.00
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
0
-0.0232
-0.0464
-0.0695
-0.0927
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0.7682
v3 =
v3 =
v3 =
v3 =
v3 =
v3 =
v3 =
v3 =
v3 =
v3 =
v3 =
-1.00
-0.90
-0.80
-0.7000
-0.6000
-0.5000
-0.4000
-0.3000
-0.2000
-0.1000
0.0000
b5 =
b5 =
b5 =
b5 =
b5 =
b5 =
b5 =
b5 =
b5 =
b5 =
b5 =
0
0.416666667
0.833333333
1.25
1.666666667
2.083333333
1.666666667
1.25
0.833333333
-0
0
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
SH = 0
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
-0.90
-0.80
-0.7000
-0.6000
-0.5000
-0.4000
-0.3000
-0.2000
-0.1000
0.0000
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
a4 + b5 + d5 cos a
a4 =
-b4 - d4
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
b5 =
b5 =
b5 =
b5 =
b5 =
b5 =
b5 =
b5 =
b5 =
b5 =
b5 =
0
0.416666667
0.833333333
1.25
1.666666667
2.083333333
1.666666667
1.25
0.833333333
-0.416666667
0
d5 =
d5 =
d5 =
d5 =
d5 =
d5 =
d5 =
d5 =
d5 =
d5 =
-0.10
-0.20
-0.30
-0.40
-0.50
-0.5207
-0.3905
-0.2603
-0
0
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
Sv = 0
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
v4 + RA - P + d3 Sin a
v4 =
-RA + P - d3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
0.76822128
-1
-0.9
-0.8
-0.7
-0.6
-0.5
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1000
0.0000
0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
-0.5
-0.520683312
-0.390512484
-0.260341656
-0.130170828
0
d4 =
d4 =
d4 =
d4 =
d4 =
d4 =
d4 =
d4 =
d4 =
d4 =
d4 =
v4 =
v4 =
v4 =
v4 =
v4 =
v4 =
v4 =
v4 =
v4 =
v4 =
v4 =
0.6401844
d5 =
d5 =
d5 =
d5 =
d5 =
d5 =
d5 =
d5 =
d5 =
d5 =
d5 =
0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
-0.5
-0.520683312
-0.390512484
-0.260341656
-0.130170828
0
a4 =
a4 =
a4 =
a4 =
a4 =
a4 =
a4 =
a4 =
a4 =
a4 =
a4 =
0
-0.35264823
-0.70529645
-1.05794468
-1.41059291
-1.76324113
-1.33333333
-1
-0.66666667
0.5
0
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
SMN = 0
-b6
-b6
d6
6 -p ( x 6 =
b5 =
30
30
30
p(xp(x-
v5
b6
Sv = 0
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
-d6 sin a
-d6
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
+ RA - p+ d5 Sin a
0.768 = -RA + P
d6
= -RA + P
-0.7682
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
-1.00
-0.90
-0.80
-0.7000
-0.6000
-0.5000
-0.4000
-0.3000
-0.2000
- d3
d5 =
d5 =
d5 =
d5 =
d5 =
d5 =
d5 =
d5 =
d5 =
0.76822
0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
-0.5
-0.520683312
-0.390512484
-0.260341656
d6 =
d6 =
d6 =
d6 =
d6 =
d6 =
d6 =
d6 =
d6 =
0.00
-0.0232
-0.05
-0.07
-0.09
0.50
0.80
0.60
0.40
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
)+ RA
) - RA
) - RA
30 = 0
30
30
-6
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
-1.00
-0.90
-0.80
-0.7000
-0.6000
-0.5000
-0.4000
-0.3000
-0.2000
-0.1000
0.0000
b6 =
b6 =
b6 =
b6 =
b6 =
b6 =
b6 =
b6 =
b6 =
b6 =
b6 =
0
0.333333333
0.666666667
1
1.333333333
1.666666667
2
1.5
1
-1
0
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
0
-0.023177872
-0.046355744
-0.069533616
-0.092711488
-0.5
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
U/X = 45
U/X = 50
Sv = 0
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
;RA =
;RA =
-0.1000
0.0000
v5 + RA - P + d5 Sin a
v5 =
-RA + P - d5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
d5 =
d5 =
-0.130170828 d6 =
0
d6 =
=
0.76822128
-1
-0.9
-0.8
-0.7
-0.6
-0.5
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1000
0.0000
d5 =
d5 =
d5 =
d5 =
d5 =
d5 =
d5 =
d5 =
d5 =
d5 =
d5 =
0.2
0
t
t
SH = 0
0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
-0.5
-0.520683
-0.390512
-0.260342
-0.130171
0
v5 =
v5 =
v5 =
v5 =
v5 =
v5 =
v5 =
v5 =
v5 =
v5 =
v5 =
0
-0.0232
-0.0464
-0.0695
-0.0927
0.8841
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
a5 + b6 + d6 cos a
a5 =
-b6 - d6
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
b6 =
b6 =
b6 =
b6 =
b6 =
b6 =
b6 =
b6 =
b6 =
b6 =
b6 =
0.6401844
0
0.333333333
0.666666667
1
1.333333333
1.666666667
2
1.5
1
-0.5
0
d6 =
d6 =
d6 =
d6 =
d6 =
d6 =
d6 =
d6 =
d6 =
d6 =
d6 =
0
-0.0232
-0.0464
-0.0695
-0.0927
0.5
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
a5 =
a5 =
a5 =
a5 =
a5 =
a5 =
a5 =
a5 =
a5 =
a5 =
a5 =
0
-0.318495221
-0.636990442
-0.955485664
-1.273980885
-1.986758866
-2.51214752
-1.88411064
-1.25607376
0.4
0
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
35
)+ RA
) - RA
) - RA
35 = 0
35
35
b7 =
b7 =
b7 =
b7 =
b7 =
b7 =
b7 =
b7 =
b7 =
b7 =
b7 =
5.833333333
5.25
4.666666667
4.083333333
3.5
2.916666667
2.333333333
1.75
1.166666667
-0.58
0
a6
SMM = 0 -b7
-b7
v6
d7
b7
6 -p ( x 6 = p(x= p(x-
0
-6
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
b7
Sv = 0
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
SH = 0
-d7 sin a
-d7
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
+ RA - p = 0
0.768 = -RA + P
d7
= -RA + P
-0.76822128
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
a6 + b7 + d7 cos a
-1.00
-0.90
-0.80
-0.7000
-0.6000
-0.5000
-0.4000
-0.3000
-0.2000
-0.1000
0.0000
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
0.00
-0.10
-0.20
-0.30
-0.40
-0.50
-0.60
-0.70
-0.260342
-0.13
0
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
Sv = 0
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
-1.00
-0.90
-0.80
-0.7000
-0.6000
-0.5000
-0.4000
-0.3000
-0.2000
-0.1000
0.0000
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
v6 + RA - P + d7 Sin a
v6 = -RA + P - d3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
0.76822128
-1
-0.9
-0.8
-0.7
-0.6
-0.5
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1000
0.0000
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
-0.5
-0.6
-0.7
-0.260342
-0.130171
0
v6 =
v6 =
v6 =
v6 =
v6 =
v6 =
v6 =
v6 =
v6 =
v6 =
v6 =
0
-0.0232
-0.0464
-0.0695
-0.0927
-0.1159
-0.1391
-0.1622
0.4
0.2
0
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
a6 =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
-b7 - d7
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
b7 =
b7 =
b7 =
b7 =
b7 =
b7 =
b7 =
b7 =
b7 =
b7 =
b7 =
0.64018
5.8
5.3
4.7
4.1
3.5
2.9
2.3
1.8
1.2
-0.583333333
0
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
-0.5
-0.60
-0.7
-0.26
-0.130170828
0
a6 =
a6 =
a6 =
a6 =
a6 =
a6 =
a6 =
a6 =
a6 =
a6 =
a6 =
-6
-5
-5
-4
-3
-3
-2
-1
-1
0.7
0
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
a7
d8
v7
b8
SMN = 0
-b8
-b8
b8
6 -p ( x 6 = p(x= p(x-
40
40
40
)+ RA
) - RA
) - RA
40 = 0
40
40
Sv = 0
-6
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Sv = 0
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
-1
-0.9
-0.8
-0.7
-0.6
-0.5
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1000
0.0000
v7 + RA - P + d7 Sin a
v7 =
-RA + P - d7
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
b8=
b8=
b8=
b8=
b8=
b8=
b8=
b8=
b8=
b8=
b8=
-6.667
-5.833333333
-5
-4.166666667
-3.333333333
-2.5
-1.666666667
3.833333333
-1.333333333
-1.5
0
=
0.76822128
-1
-0.9
-0.8
-0.7
-0.6
-0.5
-0.4
-0.3
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
U/X = 0
U/X = 5
U/X = 10
U/X = 15
U/X = 20
U/X = 25
U/X = 30
U/X = 35
U/X = 40
U/X = 45
U/X = 50
-1
-0.9
-0.8
-0.7
-0.6
-0.5
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1000
0.0000
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
SH = 0
0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
-0.5
-0.520683
-0.390512
v7 =
v7 =
v7 =
v7 =
v7 =
v7 =
v7 =
v7 =
0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
0.5
0.4
0.3
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
0.768
0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
-0.5
-0.520683
-0.390512
-0.260342
-0.130171
0
a7 + b8 + d8 cos a
a7 =
-b8 - d8
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
b8 =
b8 =
b8 =
b8 =
b8 =
b8 =
b8 =
b8 =
b8 =
-6.6666667
-5.8333333
-5
-4.1666667
-3.3333333
-2.5
-1.6666667
3.83333333
-1.3333333
d8 =
d8 =
d8 =
d8 =
d8 =
d8 =
d8 =
d8 =
d8 =
d8 =
d8 =
0.00
-0.02
-0.05
-0.07
-0.09
0.50
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.2
0
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
a7 =
a7 =
a7 =
a7 =
a7 =
a7 =
a7 =
a7 =
a7 =
6.666666667
5.848171445
5
4.2
3.333333333
2.5
1.666666667
-3.833333333
1.333333333
0.6401844
d8 =
d8 =
d8 =
d8 =
d8 =
d8 =
d8 =
d8 =
d8 =
0
-0.0232
-0.0464
-0.0695
-0.0927
0.5
0.8
0.6
0.4
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
U/X = 40 ;RA =
U/X = 45 ;RA =
U/X = 50 ;RA =
-0.2
-0.1000
0.0000
d7 =
d7 =
d7 =
-0.260342
-0.130171
0
v7 =
v7 =
v7 =
0.2
0.1
0
t
t
t
U/X =
U/X =
45
50
b8 =
b8 =
-1.5
0
d8 =
d8 =
0.2
0
a7 =
a7 =
1.5
0
t
t
a8
v8
d9
b9
SMM = 0
-b9
-b9
6 -p ( x 6 = p(x= p(x-
b9
45
45
45
)+ RA
) - RA
) - RA
45 = 0
45
45
Sv = 0
d9sina
d8
-6
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Sv = 0
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
-1.00
-0.90
-0.80
-0.7000
-0.6000
-0.5000
-0.4000
-0.3000
-0.2000
-0.1000
0.0000
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
;RA =
v8 + RA - P + d9 Sin a
v8 =
RA+P-d9
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
0
0.083333333
0.166666667
0.25
0.333333333
0.416666667
0.5
0.583333333
1.5
-0.75
0
b9 =
b9 =
b9 =
b9 =
b9 =
b9 =
b9 =
b9 =
b9 =
b9 =
b9 =
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
;RA
SH = 0
d9=
d9=
d9=
d9=
d9=
d9=
d9=
d9=
d9=
d9=
d9=
+ RA - p = 0
0.8 =
-RA + P
d8 =
-RA + P
-0.7682213
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
-1
-0.9
-0.8
-0.7
-0.6
-0.5
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0
d9=
d9=
d9=
d9=
d9=
d9=
d9=
d9=
d9=
d9=
d9=
-1.30171
-1.17154
-1.04137
-0.9112
-0.78102
-0.65085
-0.52068
-0.39051
-0.26034
-0.13017
0
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
0.76822128
-1
-0.9
-0.8
-0.7
-0.6
-0.5
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
-1.3017
-1.1715
-1.0414
-0.9112
-0.781
-0.6509
-0.5207
-0.3905
-0.2603
-0.1302
0
v8 =
v8 =
v8 =
v8 =
v8 =
v8 =
v8 =
v8 =
v8 =
v8 =
v8 =
3
2.8
2.6
2.4
2.2
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
a8 + b9 + d9 cos a
a8 =
b9-d9
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
b9 =
b9 =
b9 =
b9 =
b9 =
b9 =
b9 =
b9 =
b9 =
b9 =
b9 =
5.8
5.3
4.7
4.1
3.5
2.9
2.3
1.8
1.2
-1
0
0.6402
d9 =
d9 =
d9 =
d9 =
d9 =
d9 =
d9 =
d9 =
d9 =
d9 =
d9 =
-1.3017
-1.1715
-1.0414
-0.9112
-0.781
-0.6509
-0.5207
-0.3905
-0.2603
-0.1302
0
a8 =
a8 =
a8 =
a8 =
a8 =
a8 =
a8 =
a8 =
a8 =
a8 =
a8 =
6.667
6
5.333
4.667
4
3.333
2.667
2
1.333
-0.5
0
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
d10
v9
SH = 0
SMI = 0
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
d10
d10
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
sina
0.76822128
d10
RA =
RA =
RA =
RA =
RA =
RA =
RA =
RA =
RA =
RA =
RA =
6
=
=
-1
-0.9
-0.8
-0.7
-0.6
-0.5
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0
+RA
-RA
-RA
d10 =
d10 =
d10 =
d10 =
d10 =
d10 =
d10 =
d10 =
d10 =
d10 =
d10 =
50 - P ( X 50 +
P(X50 +
P(X0.76822128
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.6402
50 )
50 )
50 )
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
SV = 0
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
U/X =
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
d10 =
d10 =
d10 =
d10 =
d10 =
d10 =
d10 =
d10 =
d10 =
d10 =
d10 =
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
V9 + RA + d10 Sin a - P= 0
V9 =
-RA + d10
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
d10 =
d10 =
d10 =
d10 =
d10 =
d10 =
d10 =
d10 =
d10 =
d10 =
d10 =
b10 =
b10 =
b10 =
b10 =
b10 =
b10 =
b10 =
b10 =
b10 =
b10 =
b10 =
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
0.76822128 - P
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
RA =
RA =
RA =
RA =
RA =
RA =
RA =
RA =
RA =
RA =
RA =
-1
-0.9
-0.8
-0.7
-0.6
-0.5
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0
v9
v9
v9
v9
v9
v9
v9
v9
v9
v9
v9
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
a8
a1
a2
a3
a11
a1'
a2'
a3'
Nama
Batang
= a7
= a6
= a5
= a4
= a12
= a6'
= a5'
= a4'
Gaya Batang
d1
d15
d2
d3
d4
d5
d6
d16
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
d11
d13
d12
d9
d10
d7
d8
d14
11435.5804
V15
a7
v1
v2
v3
v16
a8
v6
v7
=
=
=
=
V13
v12
v5
v4
7650
11475
15300
19125
=
=
=
=
v14
a8
v10
v9
19125
Tekan ( - ) Kg
0
4250
8500
12750
0
Tarik ( + )
4250.0
12750
25500
57,177,902
11435.5804
17153.3704
17153.3704
22871.1609
22871.1609
5717.7902
38250
38250
7650
11475
Teka
11435.5804
Tekan ( - ) Kg
Nama
Batang
Tarik ( + )
8500
25500
5718
22871
11475
38250
d1
d2
d3
d4
d5
d6
V1
V2
V3
V6
V7
22871.1609
a1'
a2'
a3'
a1
a5'
a3
d11
d12
d9
d10
d7
d8
=
=
=
=
=
v5
v4
=
=
=
=
=
=
a6
a5
a4
a6
a2
a4
Gaya Batang
Tekan ( - ) Kg
Ga
Tarik ( + )
5,239.431
5,239.431
10478.88
10478.8783
15718.32
15718
10515
14020
208040
v10
v9
3505
7010
0
3894.444
11,683,333
0
3894.444
7788.889
Tekan ( - ) Kg
15718.3174
Tarik ( + )
15718.317
14020
11,683,333
4.2.9
Perhitungan Sambungan
Pada setiap sambungan yang digunakan adalah baut, dengan kekuatan sebagai berikut :
1400 kg/cm
0.8 x
kg/cm
1.6 x
kg/cm
25 mm
Ng =
1/4 x p x
Ng =
2x
2.5
1/4 x p x
x
2.5
0.8
2
1400
0.8
Kekuatan tumph ( Nt) , didasarkan pada tebal pelat dan diameter baut
A.
10
11
6
1
6
50
d=
s=
=
Nt =
A.1
25 mm
2x
32 mm
2.5
16 mm
Tebal pelat =
3.2
1.6
1400 =
Nt = 17920 kg
Nomor batang
a3, a4, a7 , a8
Nomor batang
a1 , a2,a9,a10
-401334.595
17920
20
-123390.592
17920
16
Batang bawah
Sambungan seiris tunggal
Nt = 17920 kg
Nomor batang
127836.413
17920
20
Nomor batang
b3, b4, b7 , b8
134540.458
17920
Nomor batang
b5,b6
470891.604
17920.000
16
Batang Diagonal
Sambungan seiris tunggal
Nt = 17920 kg
Nomor batang
d1, d2 , d9 , d10
Nomor batang
d3, d4, d5 , d6
-98086.1238
17920
20
53834.565
17920
Untuk memudahkan pekerjaan digunakan
16
Batang Vertikal
Sambungan seiris tunggal
Nt = 17920 kg
Nomor batang vertikal
75324.275
17920
10
5495 kg
1400 =
10990 kg
16 mm
17920 kg
-401334.595
17920
-22.39590373
-6.885635705
7.133728376
134540.458
17920
7.507838077
470891.604
17920.000
baut
buah baut
-123390.592
17920
Baut
buah baut
127836.413
17920
baut
buah baut
26.27743327
Baut
Baut
buah baut
-98086.1238
17920
-5.473556013
3.004160993
baut
buah baut
53834.565
Baut
17920
buah baut
75324.275
17920
Buah baut
4.20336356
baut
B.
70.70.10
d=
2.2
cm
70.70.10
DIR
q
2.2
cm
Pembebanan
- B.S . INP 40 + Lantai
- Akibat muatan T
=
p=
456.225 kg
10000
10456.225
4 Buah
P/r
10456.225
4
2614.05625
sytd
P/4
2X
sytd
kg
1/4
p X
344.009087
1120
2
344.009087 Kg/cm
2.2
Profil bisa dipakai
kg
Kg
90
2614.0563
2.2 X
1
s S=
s s<
s S
1.6
kg/cm2
1188.2074
2240
1400 =
kg/cm2
2x
8 Buah
V = P/r
=
sytd
10456.225 =
8
P/4
2X
sytd
s S=
s s<
1307.02813
1/4
p X
172.0045435
1307.0281
2.2 X
1
s S
1.6
2.2
1120
172.004543 Kg/cm
1400 =
70.70.10
DIR 90
kg/cm2
2240
kg/cm2
6,732.4167 Kg
66275.875 kg
73,008.2917 kg
26279
+
49004
sisi penyambung.
= 75283.17
75283.16
2
Diameter baut
Digunakan besi siku
kg
37642
2.2
kg
cm
75.75.8
2.1 cm
1.4 cm
0.8 cm
73,008.2917
kg
25
s=
1.4 mm
Nt =
mm
1.4
Jumlah baut :
2.5
n=
1.6
1400
=
73,008.2917
7840
7840
9.3122821
kg
buah
9.4
73,008.2917
37642
110,649.8717
kg
kg/cm
Gaya batang D1
-98086.12375
2
-49043.06188
kg
Gaya batang a1
-401334.5948
2
-200667.2974
kg
Potongan I - I
Fbr =
130.647
4X
F=
1.6
x
2.6
1.6
Fn =
Sr
130.647
1.6
16.64
=
192
0.5 x
cm2
209.0352
cm2
cm2
192.3952
130.647
13654.91089
cm
a1
a2
V2
d1
d2
d3
V1
b1
d4
V3
b2
b3
1.33
b4
1.17
0.67
0
-0.58
-0.75
-0.667
0.53
0.233
0.05
0
0
-0.48
-0.96
-1.45
0
-0.35
-0.705
-1.06
-0.32
-0.637
-0.96
-3.89
-4.539
-5.19
-6
6.67
5.85
5
4.17
7
6
5.33
4.67
-0.69
-1.38
1.17
0.58
0
1
0.5
0.83
0.42
1
0.667
0.33
0
5.83
5.25
4.67
-6.67
-5.83
-5
0.08
1.172
1.04
0.26
0.13
-0.91
0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
0
-0.02
-0.046
-0.07
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
0
-0.023
-0.05
0
-0.1
-0.2
0
-0.023
-0.05
-1.3
-1.2
-1.04
-8.21
-20
-20
0
-0.023
-0.05
0
-0.02
-0.05
0
-0.02
-0.05
0
-0.02
-0.05
-0.023
-0.05
-0.1
-0.2
3
2.8
2.6
0.2
0.1
0
a3
a4
V4
a5
d5
d6
a6
V6
a7
d7
d8
V5
V7
b5
b6
b7
b8
1
0.833333333
0.666666667
-0.33
-0.50
0.5
-0.25
-0.42
0.81
0.6
0.52
0.293
-1.46
-1.93
-1.95
-2.05
-1
-1.41
-1.33
-1.76
-1.27
-1.88
-1.99
-2.51
-1.3
-3.24
-2.6
-1.95
3.333
2.50
1.67
-3.83
4
3.3
2.67
2
-0.44
-0.58
-1.02
-0.87
-0.7
1.75
1.50
1.25
1
0.75
2
1.67
1.5
1.33
1
2.08
1.7
1.7
1.25
1.25
1.67
1.5
1.333
1
4.08
3.5
2.9
2.33
1.8
1.17
3.83
-2.5
-4.17
-1.7
-3.3
0.58
0.50
0.33
0.42
0.25
0.17
1.041
0.9
0.78
0.7
0.39
-0.39
-0.65
-0.52
-0.78
-0.39
-0.4
-0.65
-0.5
0.8
0.5
0.6
-0.09
-0.39
-0.52
-0.4
-0.5
0.8
0.6
0.5
-0.07
-0.09
-0.3
-0.4
-0.5
-0.6
-0.7
0.8
0.5
-0.07
-0.1
0.6
-0.8
-0.52
-0.4
0.67
0.5
0.8
0.6
-0.65
-0.91
1.19
1
0.84
0.91
-0.07
1
0.8
0.6
-0.07
-0.09
0.8
-0.07
-0.09
0.6
-0.50
0.88
0.8
0.6
-0.07
-0.09
-0.07
-0.09
-0.12
-0
0.5
-0.2
0.4
0.3
-0.3
-0.4
2.4
2.2
2
1.8
1.6
0.7
0.4
0.3
0.6
a8
v8
d9
d10
v9
b9
b10
0.33333
0
Gp a1
Gp b1
-0.167
-0.16667
-0.08333
0.13017
Gp a2
0
-0.03254
0
Gp a3
-0.97396
-0.487
0
Gp a4
0.5
-0.66667
0
Gp a5
0.372
-1.25607
0.67
Gp a6
-1
1.5
1.33333
0
Gp a7
1.33333
0
Gp a8
-0.50
Gp b2
0
-0.290
-0.296
0.50
0.25
0
Gp b3
0.67
0.333
Gp b4
0
0.83
Gp b5
-0.417
Gp b6
0
-0.5
Gp b7
-0.58333
Gp b8
-1.5
-1.33
1.50
0.00
Gp b9
-0.75
0
Gp b10
0
0.26
0 Gp D1
-0.130
-0.26
Gp d2
Gp d3
Gp d4
Gp d5
-0.13017
-0.13017
-0.26
0.4
0.2
-0.13017
-0.26
0.4
0.2
Gp d6
0
Gp d7
0
-0.13017
-0.26
0.4
0.2
0
Gp d8
-0.26
0.35
Gp d9
Gp d10
-0.13017
0.22603
0
Gp V`1
0.4
0.2
0
Gp V2
0.4
0.2
0
Gp V3
0.4
0.2
0
Gp V4
0.4
0.2
Gp V5
0
0.4
0.2
0 Gp V6
0.2
0.1
0
Gp V7
1.4
1.2
1
Gp V8
0.9
0.8
Gp V9
Gp a2