1.

(a) RaCl
2
1
(b) Reduction is gain of electrons/decrease in oxidation number
Ra
2+
gains 2 electrons Ra/
Oxidation state goes from +2 in RaCl
2
0 in Ra 2
[3]
2. Strontium reacts with oxgen/strontium oxide forms/SrO
forms
2Sr + O
2
2SrO /
Sr + O
2
SrO
[2]
3. !n Sr" oxidation number # 0
!n Sr(O$)
2
" oxidation number # (+)2
OR
Oxidation number increases from Sr Sr(O$)
2
b 2
[2]
4. barium atoms are larger
barium atoms ha%e more shielding
this outweighs the increase in nuclear charge
barium electrons are lost more easil
/less energ re&uired
/ionisation energ decreases
[4]
5. (i) because Ca has changed from 0 to +2 (1)
and $ has changed from +1 to 0 (1) 2
(ii) Calcium reacts with water 'roducing
hdrogen/$
2
/calcium/hdroxide/Ca(O$)
2
(1) (i(e( one 'roduct)
Ca(s) + $
2
O(l) Ca(O$)
2
(a&) + $
2
(g) (1) (i(e( full e&uation)
)&uation would subsume both two mar*s 2
[4]
6. CaCO
+
CaO + CO
2

state smbols not re&uired
[1]
7. number of electrons
/electron shells increases down grou'
%an der ,aals- forces
/induced di'oledi'ole interactions
forces greater Cl
2
. /r
2
. !
2

[3]
8. With Br

, goes yellow/orange/red
precipitate makes this incorrect.
,ith !
0
" goes 'ur'le/brown/brown
precipitate should be ignored
Cl
2
+ 2/r
0
/r
2
+ 2Cl
0

Cl
2
+ 2!
0
!
2
+ 2Cl
0

Or full e&uations using soluble halides" eg 1a/r
!f both e&uations gi%en with correct s'ecies but not
balanced" award 1 mar*
reacti%it trend2 Cl more reacti%e than both /r and !/
Cl is the most reacti%e
Cl (atoms) are smaller (ora) /
attraction for electrons or electron affinit is greater / 3
Cl is a stronger oxidising agent
ignore an reference to 4electronegati%it-(
5o,C2 6t least 2 sentences in which the meaning is
clear( 1
[7]

9. (i) white 'reci'itate / goes white 1
(ii) 6g
+
(a&) + Cl
7
(a&) 6gCl(s)
e&uation
state smbols 2
6gCl dissol%es in 1$
+
(a&)
(iii) 6g/r dissol%es in conc 1$
+
(a&)/
'artiall soluble in 1$
+
(a&)
6g! insoluble in 1$
+
(a&) +
[6]
10. Cl
2
2 0
$OCl +1
$Cl 71
[4]

11. Cl
2
(g) 1aOCl(a&) 2 Cl(0) Cl(+1)
Cl
2
(g) 1aCl(a&) 2 Cl(0) Cl(71)
Cl is both oxidised (in forming 1aOCl) and reduced (in
forming 1aCl)/dis'ro'ortionation
Cl reduces Cl to form 1aCl 618 Cl oxidises Cl in forming
1aOCl
[3]