THESIS BY:-

CHANDRA PRABHA
B.ARCH.
IVTH YEAR
BCA
2012-13
HABITAT
CENTER


1
INTRODUCTION
A HABITAT IS A PLACE WHERE A PERSON FEELS ALL AWAY FROM THE BUSY WORLD AND
SHARE HIS WORDS
THE PLACE OCCUPIED BY AN ORGANISM, POPULATION, OR COMMUNITY. IT IS THE PHYSICAL PART OF
THE COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN WHICH AN ORGANISM FINDS ITS HOME, AND INCLUDES THE SUM
TOTAL OF ALL THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS PRESENT IN THE SPECIFIC PLACE OCCUPIED BY AN
ORGANISM. OFTEN A HABITAT IS DEFINED TO INCLUDE A WHOLE COMMUNITY OF ORGANISMS.
WHAT IS HABITAT?
DIFFERENT TYPES OF HABITAT
A HABITAT (WHICH IS LATIN FOR "IT INHABITS") IS AN ECOLOGICAL OR ENVIRONMENTAL AREA
THAT IS INHABITED BY A PARTICULAR SPECIES IT IS THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH AN
ORGANISM LIVES, OR THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT THAT SURROUNDS (INFLUENCES AND IS
UTILIZED BY) A SPECIES POPULATION.
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It is centre of contemporary cultural, economic, business, social events. The concern for the habitat & its
environment works as the back bone of habitat centre. It not only provides an improved working environment to its
employees but also contribute to the urban level functions that a living city requires.
HABITAT CENTRE:
It provide an ideal physical environment with A range of facilities that would maximize the effectiveness of the
individuals and institutions, in their holistic support of habitat. Its principle to restore at every level environment and
ecological A balanced & improved way of life is reflected . the habitat is not only A home to these offices and research
organizations but in order to facilitate their interactions, the centre provides A wide range of facilities like conference
venues, exhibition halls, seminar rooms, restaurants and club and performance venues for the cultural activities.
3

WEST DELHI HABITAT CENTRE,NEW DELHI

Name of the project: West Delhi Habitat Centre, New delhi
Location of the site: Shivaji District Centre, Rajouri Garden

BRIEF OUTLINE AND AIM OF THE PROJECT:

. The Project:
Seeing the performance of IHC , similar proposals have been approved by various state governments to be set up in
various state capitals for a similar purpose and environment.
It requires the setting up of an integrated complex with dedicated facilities distinct in character and manner in
operation such that it becomes a landmark by itself.
The project west delhi habitat center, shivaji place district center. Rajouri garden , is being conceived like its
predecessor Indian habitat center, lodhi road, delhi. It would be similar in both its purpose and function. It would be an
assembly of intellectual minds, social workers, artists, high rank officials, industrialists, some eminent politicians and
citizens. There interaction on social, political and cultural issues would bring a fruitful difference to the society and habitat of
people in this part of the country.
Habitat means :
the natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism. A persons usual or preferred surroundings.
Habitat center has been conceived as an ideal physical environment with a range of facilities that would maximize the
effectiveness of the individuals and institutions, in their holistic support of the habitat . the principal resolve of the centre to
restore at every level- environment and ecological-a balanced, harmonious and improved way of life, is reflected in its
concept and design. It incorporates innovative new technologies in building management systems, conference systems,
communication and energy conservation , creating probably the most intelligent building in the country.

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AIMS:

Develop an integrated physical environment in which various professions and institutions dealing with different facets
of habitat and habitat related environmental issues would function, interact and attempt to resolve habitat related
problems in a coordinated manner.
Promote awareness in regard to habitat related environment issues including water, noise, air & waste pollution, energy
& its conservation, water and human waste management and other such matters.
Promote better urban and rural settlements relevant of the indian social, cultural and economic context and related to the
lifestyle of its people.
Document all relevant information pertaining to habitat, human settlements and environmental issues.
Advise and if needed , assist the government in the implementation of policies related to habitat, and human settlements.
Promote education, research, training and professional development on habitat and human settlement and environment
related issues.
Organize and promote conferences, seminars, lectures, public debates and exhibitions in matters relating to habitat,
human settlements and environment.
Acquire, hold, improve and develop lands and construct building related facilities on behalf of members of the centre.
Organize and maintain hostels, restaurants and other amenities for its member, their guests and non- members invited by
the centre.
Inculcate better awareness and sensitivity in regard to all aspect of creative human activity including significance of art
in habitat.

WEST DELHI HABITAT CENTRE,NEW DELHI
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WHY THIS PROJECT:

THE PURPOSE OF THIS PROJECT IS TO DESIGN A PUBLIC PLACE, WHICH WILL PROVIDE FOR ACTIVITIES THAT
INCREASE PEOPLE PARTICIPATION, A PLACE THAT HAVE COMBINATION OF CONTEMPORARY CULTURAL,
ECONOMIC, BUSINESS, SOCIAL EVENTS.

WEST DELHI HABITAT CENTRE,NEW DELHI
FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS OF THE PROJECT:
OFFICES: THIS COMPLEX WILL HAVE VARIOUS
GOVERNMENT AND NON GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS AND
OFFICES RELATED TO HABITAT-RELATED ISSUES.
SEMINAR ROOMS
CONFERENCE HALLS
RESTAURANTS
LIBRARY
AUDITORIUM
OPEN AIR THEATRE
ART GALLEREY
RECREATIONAL AMENITIES: TO PROVIDE TO ENHANCE
THE GOALS OF CONGENIAL MEETING ENVIRONMENT AND A
PODIUM FOR CULTURAL EXCHANGE TO UPGRADE
INFORMATION LEVEL.
FEASIBILITY:-

A TRULY COSMOPOLITAN CITY, IT HAS BROUGHT WITH IN ITS PEOPLE OF ALL ETHNICS GROUP AND THEIR
TRADITIONS AND CULTURES, REFLECTED IN THE VARIETY OF ARTS, CRAFTS FESTIVALS AND LIFESTYLES.
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PROPOSED SITE 10.9 ACRES
MAP OF INDIA
MAP OF DELHI(WEST DELHI)
MAP SHOWING SHIVAJI DISTRICT
CENTRE WITH SITE
WEST DELHI HABITAT CENTRE,NEW DELHI
INTRODUCTION
PROJECT INTRODUCTION
PROJECT : WEST DELHI HABITAT CENTRE
TYPE OF PROJECT : COMMERCIAL
CLIENT : URBAN AND SHELTER
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY,
NEW DELHI
SITE AREA : 10.9 ACRE , 44,112.3 SQMT
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WEST DELHI HABITAT CENTRE,NEW DELHI
SITE ACCESS
The site is well-connected to the ring road, the shivaji road,
najafgarh road and ragubir nagar road, being a part of
district center is enjoys availability of the D.T.C. bus terminal
and a metro station
24 mt wide vishal cinema road
30 mt wide shivaji road on north side
18 mt wide road on south side
SITE CONNECTIVITY
FROM RAJOURI GARDEN
METRO STATION 100 MTS
TDI Paragon Mall in Shivaji Place District Centre
TDI Mall
City Square in Shivaji Place
Rajouri Garden Metro station
Shoppers stop
West end mall
LANDMARKS
Vishal enclave bus stop
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WEST DELHI HABITAT CENTRE,NEW DELHI
SHIVAJI DISTRICT CENTRE
The Shivaji Place District Centre is spread over 65 acres (260,000 m
2
). It is planned that the district
centre will consist of eleven shopping malls along with commercial and office buildings, a five star
hotel and a Habitat Centre similar to the India Habitat Centre.
Additionally, the area also has a Delhi Metro station, a DTC bus terminal, a
police station, a telephone exchange, MCD office, one petrol pumps, and
the Vishal Cinema. There will be adequate parking both at the periphery of
the development and also large pedestrian plazas and extensively
landscaped areas.
Currently, there are 5 functional malls:
City Square,
TDI Mall,
TDI Paragon,
Shopper's Stop
West Gate Mall CITY SQUARE MALL
TDI PARAGON MALL
PETROL PUMP ADJACENT TO MY SITE
TDI MALL
METRO STATION
D.G.P OFFICE
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INTRODUCTION
ARCHITECT: JOSEPH ALLEN STEIN AND BHALLA
ASSOCIATES.
DESIGN: JOSEPH ALLEN STEIN .
SITE AREA: 9.6 ACRES.
F.A.R ACHIEVED: 1.4 OUT OF 2.5 PERMITTED
YEAR OF STARTING : 1989
YEAR OF INAUGRATION : 1992


INDIAN HABITAT CENTRE IS FOR THE
UNIFICATION OF ALL INDIVIDUALS AND
INSTITUTIONS WORKING IN DIVERSE HABITAT
RELATED AREAS.
OTHER THAN THAT THE CENTRE ALSO
SERVES AS A PLACE FOR SOCIAL
AND CULTURAL ACTIVITIES AND ORGANIZING
EXHIBITIONS.
CONCEIVED AS A BUILDING IN THE GARDEN, AS
PLANNING AND LANDSCAPE COMPLEMENT EACH
OTHER AND THE WHOLE BUILDING MERGE
WITH NATURE.
SELECTION OF IHC AS A CASE STUDY IS BECAUSE OF THE SIMILARITIES OF REQUIREMENTS OF MY PROJECT WITH THE
REQUIREMENTS IN IHC
TO DESIGN A BUILDING WITH THE RICH ETHNIC LOOK AS IHC, BY USING VARIETY OF LOCAL MATERIALS.
ABOUT I.H.C
DETAILED CASE STUDY
INDIA HABITAT CENTRE, NEW DELHI
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LOCATION OF I.H.C
The IHC is located on 9.6 acre site of Lodi Road
on the Maxmuller Marg on the fringes of
Lutyens Delhi.

IHC is located on on the south of delhi.
IHC has lodhi Road on the north side,
Vardhaman marg on the south and the
Max Muller on the western side.
LOCATION OF I.H.C

On the southern side of site, there is a service
road, which connects Max Mueller marg to
Bhishmpitamah road.Two schools surround
the site ,one school Air Force Bal Bharti school
is on the eastern side of site & Dewan Chand
Arya senior sec. school is on the western side.
The southern side of the site comprises of
government houses.
DETAILED CASE STUDY
INDIA HABITAT CENTRE, NEW DELHI
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INFRASTRUCTURE
Auditorium capacity 537 also acts as multi-Purpose
hall.
Restaurant there are 4 restaurant For The members
and one
restaurant With the capacity
of 140 people.
Library with a collection
of over 3,000 books,
journal,news-
Paper, clipping
and video
Conferencing.
Conference room-
With an area of 2084 sqmt.
Guest room-total no. of 57
Guest room.
Health spa ,Fitness centre , pool
Visual art gallery having an exhibition court and
can reception about 150 ppl.
Theatre can accommodate around 180 ppl. Ideal for
workshop , board meetings and theatre/cultural
performance of all kinds when combined.
Total plot area - 38,867.8 sqm/9.6 acre
Permissible Ground coverage 25%
Gross floor area 53,241.7 sqm
F.A.R - 140
Area of basement- 36,988.9
(P1= 18,152.6,P2= 18,836
Area of office and service- 30,401 sqm(57.1% F.A)
Area for recreational space- 2,182.9 sqm (4.1% F.A)
Exhibition- 284 sqm
Conference- 2084
Auditorium- 945 sqm
Area for services and utility- 6,761.7sqmt(12.7%)
(1,400 sqm of storage in basement for services)
Restaurant- 672 sqm
Kitchen- 373 sqm
library- 1313sqm
guest room 57 in no.
AREA PROGRAMME
DETAILED CASE STUDY
INDIA HABITAT CENTRE, NEW DELHI
12
DETAILED CASE STUDY
INDIA HABITAT CENTRE, NEW DELHI
CONCEPT
ELEVATION FEATURES:-
SYMMETRICAL FAADE BRICK CLADDED WITH
THE TILE INLAY COLOURED TILES USED IN THE
FAADE, GREEN RED AND YELLOW TILES
INTERIOR FAADE USES YELLOW AND RED TILES
WHICH ARE HORIZONTAL AS WELL VERTICAL
LANDSCAPING IS EVIDENT IN
THE USE OF PLANTERS.
INTERIOR FACADES ARE BROKEN BY BRIDGES
ACROSS EVERY BLOCK SPLITTING THE COURT INTO
FOUR DIFFERENT PARTS.
THE CONVENTION CENTRE HAS A HUGE
PERGOLA THAT
DEFINES IT.
PLAN
SECTIONS
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LAYOUT
CIRCULATION:-
ENTIRE COMPLEX MADE VEHICLE FREE ZONE.
FEW PARKING PROVIDED ON PERIPHERY.
MAJORITY OF PARKING PROVIDED IN BASEMENT .
THE WHOLE COMPLEX IS PEDESTRIANISED CREATING
CAMPUS LIKE CHARACTER
Access is from 3 sides.
Gate no.1 is on the lodhi roads and act mainly as
staff entry for people working in habitat complex.
Gate no.2 is situated on the Max mular Road and is
mainly used as vehicular entry.
Gate no 3 is situated on Vaardhaman Marg and act
as entrance for habitat convention centre.
Gate no 3A is also on vardhman marg and is mainly
used as service entry.
GATE NO.1
USE CORE 4A ,4B, 6A,6B FROM
BASEMENT PARKING FOR.
ROOM BLOCK.
RESTAURANT.
OFFICES.
FITNESS CENTRE
AMPHITHEATRE
GATE NO.2
USE CORE 5A ,5B OR 7A FROM
BASEMENT PARKING FOR.
EXHIBITION HALL .
EMERALD GARDEN.
MARGOSA LAWN.
SILK COTTON LAWN.
IHC INFORMATION OFFICE.
GATE NO.3
USE CORE 1A ,1B FROM
BASEMENT PARKING FOR.
CONVENTION CENTRE.
CULTURAL VENUES.
OUTDOOR AREA.
DETAILED CASE STUDY
INDIA HABITAT CENTRE, NEW DELHI
14
Lower basement
Services- AC Plant (620ton)
Boiler- (10 kg/sqm)
Control Room, store room and
carpentry and electrical workshop.
LAYOUT
Lower Ground Floor
Meeting halls(having portions
below auditorium), two conference
room and a documentation room
Ground Floor
Lobby, Auditorium, conference hall
with attach foyer and open lawn.
First Floor
Auditorium Balcony, lobby
conference halls and out door
events.
Basement parking
400 cars and generator room
DETAILED CASE STUDY
INDIA HABITAT CENTRE, NEW DELHI
15
DETAILED CASE STUDY
INDIA HABITAT CENTRE, NEW DELHI
Joseph Stein Auditorium
Capacity- Total seating 537
Area- 6206 sq ft
Theatre Style
Lobby Width- 5 mts.
350 PEOPLE IN MAIN HALL AND 180 PEOPLE IN
BALCONY.
STAGE AREA 170SQ.FT AND 20 PEOPLE CAN
PERFORM AT ONCE.
THE HALL IS IDEA FOR LARGE CONFERENCES,
SEMINARS, FILM SCREENINGS, PRESENTATIONS,
THEATRE AND CULTURAL PERFORMANCE IN ALL
KINDS.
THE THEATRE - AMALTAS,
KADAMBA,RUDRAKSHA:-
THIS 'TRINITY' OF ROOMS IS AN
EXTREMELY FLEXIBLE SET WITH
INDIVIDUAL AS WELL AS COMBINED
USAGE POSSIBILITIES. IDEAL
FOR WORKSHOPS, BOARD
MEETINGS AND THEATRE/CULTURAL
PERFORMANCES OF ALL KINDS
WHEN COMBINED. CAN BE USED AS
THREE INDIVIDUAL MEETING
ROOMS TOO.
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DETAILED CASE STUDY
INDIA HABITAT CENTRE, NEW DELHI
CONVENTION CENTRE
AUDITORIUM
CONFERENCE.
DOCUMENTATION CENTRE
HABITAT LIBRARY AND RESOURCE
GROUND FLOOR:-
1) LOBBY.
2) AUDITORIUM.
3) CONFERENCE HALL WITH ATTACHED FOYER.
4) OPEN LAWN.
FIRST FLOOR:-
1) LOBBY.
2) AUDITORIUM BALCONY.
3) CONFERENCE HALL WITH ATTACHED FOYER.
4) TWO SMALL MEETING HALLS.
5) OUT DOOR EVENTS.
LOWER GROUNDFLOOR:-
1) MEETING HALLS(HAVING PARTITION BELOW AUDITORIUM).
2) TWO CONFERENCE ROOMS.
3) DOCUMENTATION CENTRE.
4) THEATRES.
5) CONFERENCE CUM BANQUET HALL.
17
DETAILED CASE STUDY
INDIA HABITAT CENTRE, NEW DELHI
BUSINESS CENTRE:-
MAGNOLIA :-
A FREE SEATING HALL, ALLOWING
FLEXIBLE SEATING OPTION SUITED FOR
BOTH CONFERENCE AND PARTY USAGE.
MAPLE:-
THE MAPLE ROOM HAS BEEN ELEGANTLY
DONE UP FOR THAT EXCLUSIVE PARTY OR
SMALL CONFERENCE.
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DETAILED CASE STUDY
INDIA HABITAT CENTRE, NEW DELHI
MAHOGANY:-
A HALL BEST SUITED FOR SMALL GATHERINGS. ATTACHED
ARE A KITCHENETTE AND A PRIVATE WASHROOM. IDEAL
FOR VIP REQUIREMENTS WHEN USED IN CONJUNCTION
WITH THE AUDITORIUM.
GULMOHAR :-
A LARGE FIXED SEATING HALL WITH
EXCELLENT A COUSTICS AND STATE-OF-THE-ART
MULTIMEDIA FACILITIES. EACH TABLE IS EQUIPPED
WITH A SET OF MIKES. IDEAL FOR LARGE SEMINARS,
CORPORATE PRESENTATIONS, PRESS INTERACTIONS,
PRODUCT LAUNCHES ETC.
CHINAR & WILLOW :-
IDEAL FOR SMALL FUNCTIONS LIKE CONFERENCES,
BOARD MEETINGS, PRESENTATIONS, WORKSHOPS,
SEMINARS AND PARTIES, THESE ROOMS CAN BE USED
SEPARATELY OR TOGETHER COMBINING THE FOYER TOO.
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DETAILED CASE STUDY
INDIA HABITAT CENTRE, NEW DELHI
GUEST ROOM
GUEST ROOMS FROM 1
ST
-5
TH
FLOOR
EACH FLOOR CONSISTS OF 12-ROOMS WITH SERVICE CORE AND PANTRY.
SERVICES LIKE LAUNDRY, LINEN ROOM, STORAGE AREAS ARE LOCATED IN BASEMENTS
BELOW GUEST HOUSES
GUEST HOUSE BLOCK
GROUND FLOOR 1
ST
TO 5
TH
FLOOR 5
TH
AND 6 TH FLOOR


58 ROOMS
44 STANDARD ROOMS
8 SUPERIOR ROOMS
4 SUITES
2 APARTMENTS
PAST TIMES.

DELHI O DELHI

ORIENTAL OCTAPUS.

RESTAURANTS:-
IHC CONSISTS OF 2 NON MEMBER RESTAURANTS
EATOPIA:-
FOOD COURT
CONSISTS OF CYBER CAF, VIDEO GAMES AND PLAY AREA FOR KIDS
ALL AMERICAN DINNER:-
GROUND FLOOR
IT IS BOTH FOR MEMBERS AND GUESTS.
IHC CONSISTS OF 4 MEMBER
RESTAURANTS
PAST TIMES:-
DELHI O DELHI:-
IT IS A DINING ROOM
388.89 SQ.MT AREA
6
TH
FLOOR
ORIENTAL OCTAPUS:-
5
TH
FLOOR .
THE DECK:-
255.56 SQ.MT AREA
ORIENTAL OCTAPUS
DELHI O DELHI (MEMBER)
AMERICAN DINNER
( NON MEMBER)

GUEST ROOMS
(58 ROOMS)
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DETAILED CASE STUDY
INDIA HABITAT CENTRE, NEW DELHI
DESIGN ELEMENTS
INTERNAL COURTYARD
SUNSCREEN ELEMENT
LANDSCAPE BUILDING VOLUMES ARE
ARTICULATED TO FORM INTERCONNECTED
INTERNAL COURTYARDS THAT ARE MAJOR
PUBLIC SPACES WITH DIVERSE IMPORTANCE.
THE GREEN AREA HAVE BEEN GIVEN BRICK
SKIRTING SO AS TO MAKE IT STAND OUT FROM
THE FLOOR AREA
A HIGHLY DRAMATIC FEATURE OF THE BUILDING
IS THE SUN SCREEN ELEMENTS, WHICH PROTECT
THE COURTYARDS FROM SEVERE SUNSCREEN
GLARE WHILE LETTING IN THE WINTER SUN.
SHADING DEVICES THAT REJECT AND REFLECT
THE UNWANTED SOLAR ENERGY PROVIDE A
PLEASANT CLIMATE.
THE MONOTONY OF THE
HORIZONTAL STRETCH OF THE
BUILDING IS VERY CLEVERLY
BROKEN BY VERTICAL MIRROR
GLASS WINDOWS ON FRONT
FACADE
OPEN SPACES
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DETAILED CASE STUDY
INDIA HABITAT CENTRE, NEW DELHI
Lite Zone (Fitness Centre, Swimming Pool, Gym, Spa)
Lite Zone provides a range of services and activities to its members and
residential guests. Among the citys finest fitness facilities it includes
one of the most comprehensive gyms, a soothing spa with sauna, steam
room & jacuzzi and a roof-top swimming pool.
ZONING OF DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS IS DONE IN SUCH A WAY THAT EACH
FUNCTION GETS A DISTINCT ENTITY AND PERSON COMING INSIDE
KNOWS WHERE HE HAS TO GO .
SIGNAGE'S PLAY A VERY IMPORTANT PART IN THE BUILDING.
DUE TO PROVISION OF SUNSCREEN IN THE COURTYARD A PERSON
GETS A FEELING OF WALKING IN CLOSED ATRIUM KIND OF SPACE
WHICH HAS BOTH NATURAL LIGHT AND SHADE.
INFERENCES
Swimming Pool
Fitness Centre
22
DETAILED CASE STUDY
INDIA INTERNATIONAL CENTRE, NEW DELHI
INTRODUCTION
LOCATION : Lodhi Estate, New Delhi
ARCHITECT : Joseph Allen Stein
SITE AREA : 4.6 ACRES
YEAR OF STARTING : 1958
YEAR OF INAUGRATION : 1962
ADDITION OF IIC ANNEXE :1996
GOOGLE IMAGE OF IIC
IIC MAIN BUILDING
THE INDIA INTERNATIONAL CENTER WAS
FOUNDED IN 1958 BY THE THEN PRIME MINISTER OF INDIA, JAWAHARLAL
NEHRU. IT WAS DEDICATED AND OPENED TO THE PUBLIC IN THE YEAR 1962.
LATER, AS THE ACTIVITIES OF THE CENTRE EXPANDED, AN ANNEXE WAS
ADDED TO THE MAIN COMPLEX IN DECEMBER 1996. THE INDIA
INTERNATIONAL CENTRE IS AMONG THE BEST CONVENTION CENTRES IN
DELHI.



THE IIC IS LOCATED IN THE LODHI ESTATE,
NEW DELHI ALONG THE MAX MULLER MARG, A 15M WIDE QUITE ROAD.
THE BUILDINGS OF THE CENTRE ARE LOCATED IN AN IDEAL
ENVIRONMENT. SITUATED IN THE HEART OF NEW DELHI, THE CENTRE IS
ADJACENT TO THE LODI GARDENS OVERLOOKING A MAGNIFICENT
LANDSCAPE OF GARDENS AND HISTORIC MONUMENTS FROM THE
SIXTEENTH CENTURY.
IT IS ASSOCIATED WITH ADJOINING MEMORIAL PLAZA, DEDICATED TO
MAHATMA GANDHI AND MARTIN LUTHER KING. THE LODHI GARDEN
AND TOMBS IN THE NORTH AND THE WEST AND THE FORD FOUNDATION
BUILDING IN THE SOUTH.
ADDRESS - 40, LODI ROAD,
MAX MUELLER MARG,
CONNAUGHT PLACE, NEW DELHI.
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DETAILED CASE STUDY
INDIA INTERNATIONAL CENTRE, NEW DELHI

THE ACCESS TO IIC IS FROM MAX MULLER MARG.
A SERVICE LANE ON THE SIDE PROVIDES A SECONDARY ENTERANCE
AND PARKING SPACE.
CONCEPT:-
THE CENTRE WAS DISIGNED SO THAT INDIAN INTERNATIONAL
CENTRE AND LODHI GARDEN COULD FUNCTION AS ONE ENTITY.
THE ARCHITECTURAL SCHEME IS CHARACTERISED BY THE
CAREFUL RELATION OF INDOOR AND OUTDOOR SPACES.
ENTRIES ARE PROVIDED IN SUCH A MANNER TO ENTER ANY
SECTION OF THE CENTRE THROUGH OUTDOOR SPACES
WITHOUT DISTURBING THE ONGOING ACTIVITIES IN OTHERS.
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DETAILED CASE STUDY
INDIA INTERNATIONAL CENTRE, NEW DELHI BUILDING
ENVIRONMENT
THE CENTRE RETAINS ITS
OWN DISTINCTIVE
CHARACTER OF A GREEN
OASIS AMIDST THE NEWER
BUILDINGS IN LODI ESTATE.
IN THE HURRIED PACE OF
LIFE IT IMPARTS A SENSE OF
LEISURE, WITH THE
BUILDINGS OPENING INTO
OUTER AND INNER
COURTYARDS, LAWNS AND
FLOWERING TREES AND
POOLS OF STILL WATER.
THE CENTRE IS COMPOSED
OF STEINS
CHARACTERISTICALLY
INDIVIDUALLY ARTICULATED
BLOCKS:46 GUEST ROOMS, A
LOUNGE AND DININGROOM
IN ONE,
SITE LAYOUT
A PROGRAMME BLOCK OF
LIBRARY AND OFFICES, AND A
DOMED AUDITORIUM ARE
ALL GROUPED AROUND TWO
GREAT COURTS, AND
CONNECTED BY PORTICOES
AND GROUND-LEVEL AND
ROOFTOP VERANDAHS.
3 DIFFERENT WINGS OF IIC WERE
DESIGNED TO REFLECT THE DIFFERENT
FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF THE CENTRE.
1. NORTH WING: RESIDENTIAL ROOMS.
2. WEST WING:- DINING AREAS.
3. SOUTH WING:
LIBRARY,AUDITORIUM,ADMINISTRATIVE,OFFICES

SITE
LAYOUT
25
DETAILED CASE STUDY
INDIA INTERNATIONAL CENTRE, NEW DELHI
PLOT SIZE :- 4.6 ACRES(18,600 SQ.M)
BUILT UP AREA:- 8140 SQ.M
THE BUILDING IS DESIGNED IN SUCH A
WAY TO HAVE VIEW OF GARDENS ON ALL 4
SIDES.
DINING ROOM AND LOUNGE OPEN ONTO
TERRACES OVERLOOKING THE PARK..
ALL THE MAIN ROOMS, LIKE OFFICES,
LIBRARY, GUEST ROOMS ETC, FACE
APPROXIMATELY NORTH SOUTH
DIRECTION., THE PREFERRED ORIENTATION
IN THE DELHI LATITUDE.
THE DINING ROOMS AND LOUNGE
OVERLOOK AN EXCEPTIONAL VIEW OF THE
LODI GARDENS AND HENCE , ARE IN WEST
DIRECTION.
IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF DESIGN WAS
THE USE OF COURTS AND OPENINGS
THROUGH THE BUILDINGS TO CREATE A
LIVELY SEQUENCE OF VISUAL EXPERIENCES
FROM APPROACH TO ENTRY TO EXIT.
PLANNING
ALL THE PART OF THE BUILDING FACE ONE
OR THE OTHER LAWNS, FOR A GOOD
VIEW.CENTRE DESIGNED TO PROVIDE AN
IDEAL ENVIRONMENT FOR ACADAMIC,
CULTURAL AND INTELLECTUAL PURSUITS
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
26
DETAILED CASE STUDY
INDIA INTERNATIONAL CENTRE, NEW DELHI
LANDSCAPING
INDIA INTERNATIONAL CENTRE IS CONCEIVED AS A DESIGN OF
INTERELLATED INTERIOR & SHADED SPACES, COURTYARDS &
GARDENS.
EACH COURTYARD OR GARDEN HAS ITS OWN UNIQUE FUNCTION
& ASPECT.
THE FIRST ENTRANCE COURT PROVIDES ACCESS ON THE NORTH
SIDE TO THE GUESTROOMS AND ON THE SOUTH SIDE TO THE
AUDITORIUM.
AFTER PROCESSIONAL ENTRY ONE IS MET A WELCOMING
PORTICO OF EXTENDED PRECAST VAULTS WHICH BOUND THE
WESTERN EDGE OF COURT.
PASSING THROUGH PORTICO THE VISITOR ENTERS INTO MAIN
COURTYARD AND THEN INTO THE GARDENS OF THE CENTRE,
WHICH BOUND THE REAR AND NORTH SIDES OF THE SITE.
VEHICULAR PARKING AND CIRCULATION:-
THE TWO VEHICULAR ENTRIES ARE FROM THE WESTERN SIDE FROM
THE MAX MULLER MARG
IN SOUTH SIDE ENTRY FROM THE COMPOUNDS OF THE BUILDING
AND FORD FOUNDATION
VEHICULAR CIRCULATION IS LAID IN SUCH A
MANNER THAT IT DOES NOT CROSS ANY OF
THE OPEN SPACE OR PEDESTRIAN PATH.
PARKING PROVIDED BEHIND THE MAIN BLOCK
(10-12 PARKING IN THE SITE)ENTRY TO THE
HOSTEL IS NOT DIRECTLY POSSIBLE FROM THE
PARKING.
27
DETAILED CASE STUDY
INDIA INTERNATIONAL CENTRE, NEW DELHI
STRUCTURE AND MATERIALS
INDIVIDUALLY SHAPED ELEMENTS (ROUGH-CUT STONES FOR WALLS, CUT STONE FLOORING PAVERS) AND THE MODULAR ELEMENTS (
JALIS, ALUMINIUM WINDOW SECTIONS) WERE ALL MADE ON THE SITE AND THEN CAREFULLY FITTED INTO PLACE.
THE STRUCTURAL WORK IS FINELY DETAILED AND IS EVEDENT FROM THE DEVELOPMENT OF AUDITORIUM ROOF DOME AND THE
COFFERED CEILINGS IN THE CENTRE.
JALIS USED IN AUDITORIUM
WINDOWS AND BETWEEN GUEST
ROOMS BALCONIES. JALIS OF
TRADITIONAL DELHI BLUE GLAZED
TILES ARE USED, ECHOING THE
COLOUR OF THE TILES ON THE LODHI
TOMBS
THE WHOLE FAADE CONSISTS OF EXPOSED MATERIALS WHICH GIVES THE BUILDING A VERY
RICH LOOK.
GOOD RELATION IS MAINTAINED BETWEEN INDOOR AND OUTDOOR SPACES.
USE OF COURTS AND OPENINGS THROUGH THE BUILDINGS TO CREATE A LIVELY SEQUENCE
OF VISUAL EXPERIENCES FROM APPROACH TO ENTRY TO EXIT.
PLANNING DONE IN THREE DIFFERENT WINGS WITH SEPARATE ENTRIES TO EACH WING
WITHOUT DISTURBING ANY WING.
MERITS
ROUGH-CUT STONES FOR WALLS
COFFERED CEILINGS
ORIENTATION OF THE BUILDING WORKED ACCORDING TO THE DELHI WEATHER
USAGE OF JAILS ON THE FACADE AS LIGHT BREAKERS, GIVES IT A MONOTONOUS LOOK
THE LANDSCAPING INCLUDES GREEN AREAS AS WELL AS WATER BODIES ADJOINING THE
LOUNGE AND GUEST ROOM.
THE HISTORIC AND CULTURAL HERITAGE OF THE SITE KEPT IN MIND
VERTICAL LANDSCAPING IS ALSO SEEN ON THE STAIR TOWER WITH CREEPERS ALL OVER IT,
THE JAILS THE ORIENTATION AS WELL AS MATERIALS USED, KEEP THE SPACE COOLED BY THE USE OF WATER BODIES AS WELL AS
THE EXPERIENCE AT THE SPACE STIMULATES THE USER
INFERENCES
FUNCTION
I.H.C I.I.C H.I.C.C
INFERENCES
SITE AREA 9.6 ACRE/38,867
SQMT
4.6 ACRE/18,600 SQMT 15 ACRE/60,705
SQMT
TYPOLOGY COURTYARD
PLANNING
IT IS CONCEIVED AS
ADESIGN OF INTERRELATED
INTERIOR AND
SPACES,COURTYARD AND
GARDENS.
LARGE MUTI-
PURPOSE HALLS
ARE PROVISED IN
THE CENTRE WITH
THE ENTRANCE
FOYER.
COURTYARD PLANNING
PERMITS HIGHER
FLEXIBILITY IN SOLVING
LIGHTING AND
VENTILATION
PROBLEM.
APPROACH THE MAIN GATES ON 3
ROADS,TWO FOR
DELEGATES AND STAFF
THE COMPLEX HAS TWO
ENTRANCE/EXIT
THE ENTRANCE IS
THROUGH HITEX
ROAD.
ENTRANCES SHOULD
BE PROMINENT AND
VISIBLE WITH PROPER
SIGNAGE.
CIRCULATION THE REMARKABLE
FEATURE OF IHC IS ITS
TRAFFICE FREE
ENVOIREMENT.
THE USE OF COURTS &
OPENINGS THROUGH THE
BUILDING CREATES LIVELY
VISUAL LINK FROM
APPROACH TO ENTRY,TO
EXIT
SEPERAT ENTRY
FOR
DELEGATES,EXHIBI
TORS,STAFF AND
VIPS ARE
PROVIDED.
PROPER CIRCULATION
PROVIDES FEASIBILITY
IN MOVEMENT AND
GIVES GUIDANCE TO
THE VISITORS.
PARKING IT HAS DOUBLE
BASEMENT PARKING
OF 18,000 SQM.IN
AREA TO
ACCOMMODATE 933
CARS
ONLY PARKING FOR STAFF IS
PROVIDED ON SITE.
PARKING FOR
1000+CARS ARE
MADE FOR
PARKING.
PARKING FACILITIES
ENSURE NO
CHAOS,PROVIDES
PROPER CO-
ORDINATION DURING
HECTIC SCHEDULE


AUDITORIUM
945 SQM 350 SQM 27,000 SQM
CAPACITY 537 PPL. CAPACITY - 240 4000 PPL.
28
AREA COMPARATIVE CHART
29
AREA COMPARATIVE CHART
FUNCTION
I.H.C I.I.C H.I.C.C
INFERENCES
GUEST ROOMS 57 NO. 51 NO.
-
POSITIVE
FEATURES
SHADING DEVICE
REJECTS THE
UNWANTED SOLAR
ENERGY.
OPEN SPACES,LANDSCAPE
MERGES WITH
SURROUNDING.CONSIDERATI
ON FOR HANDICAPPED ARE
PROVIDED
FLEXIBILITY OF
SPACES.DESIGN FOR
HANDICAPPED.LARG
E COLUMN FREE
SPACE.
SPACES SHOULD BE
FLEXIBLE TO MEET
DIFFERENT
REQUIREMENT.ON SITE
WASTE MANAGEMENT
FACILITY SHOULD BE
PROVIDED.
MATERIALS EXPOSED BRICKWORK
ON FAADE.RED
SANDSTONE AND RED
TILES ARE USED
JALIS IN BLUE CERAMIC TILES STEEL,GLASS,ALUMI
NIUM PANELS ARE
USED.
IT HELPS TO DEFINE THE
BUILDING ELEVATIONAL
WISE
ARCHITECTURAL
CHARACTER
THE EXTERIOR AND
INTERIOR COURT FACING
FAADE ARE
THOUGHTFULLY
ARCTICULATED
THE FAADE IS MADE BY
KEEPING IN MIND NEAR BY
MONUMENTS.
.IT IS A MODERN
BUILDING WHICH IS
CHARACTERIZED BT
BOLD USE OF
MATERIALS LIKE
STEEL,GLASS,ALUMI
NIUM PANELS
THE BUILDING SHOULD
COMPLIMENT THE AREA
OF THE CITY
30
STANDARDS

ACC. TO STANDARDS-
Unlike most theatres , cinemas and even lecture theatres , a convention or confrence hall has to cater for a wide range of different sizes of
meetings , together with their particular platform arrangements, audio visual aid equipment and display . the extent to which other functions will
need to be accommodated will depend on the primary role of the premises .

The architectural program for salable conference and meeting spaces is essential to defining the convention centre product. This can be best be
done in three steps :
Consider the types of general and special purpose rooms that are required.
determine the optimum and maximum capacity of each.
Establish the no. of each type.
The convention centers provide conference rooms,
Amphitheatres , auditoriums, and computer facilities.

Auditorium
The auditorium is a sloped floor , theatre like room for formal presentations, sometimes with additional balcony seating . it generally includes a
stage and front screen projection capabilities.

Amphitheater
The amphitheatre is a tiered room incorporating built-in work surfaces , which are often curved to focus seating on the speaker or horseshoe
shaped to allow better eye contact with the attendees. Space requirement is 25 sqft per seat or 2.25 sqm per seat.

Multipurpose conference room
This is a large , flexible meeting room often with subdivisible partitions ,a flat floor , and a 200 to 500 seat capacity. The character of this room
can vary greatly , depending upon the type of conference centre , with some more resembling a junior ballroom and others little different from
standard conference room.most incorporate either front or rear seat or 1.35 to 2.2 sqm per seat for executive theatre and classroom setups.

31
STANDARDS
Conference Rooms
These dedicated conference rooms for 20 to 50 ppl form the majority of the meeting facilities. The have simple flat floors ,simple built in
systems, including writing and tackable surface ,projection screens and presentation rails , some include front seat projection , space
requirements : 18 to 26 sqft or 1.6 to 2.3 sqm per seat for executive theatre and classroom setups: 34 to 42 sqft or 3 to 3.8 sqm per seat for
hollow square and u-shaped arrangements.

Breakout Rooms
Breakout rooms are small conference rooms for upto 12 people with limited features ,usually including tackable walls ,a white boared ,and a
projection screen ,space requirements: 25 sqm per seat:larger rooms are often used but still for not more than 10 to 12 people.

Boardroom
The boardroom is special upgraded conference room with a fixed table , executive chairs , high level finishes ,front and /or rear seat projection ,
and a private lounge or anteroom. Usual capacity is about 16 to 24.space requirements:40sqft or 3.6 sqm per seat ,increased ,by 50 percent when
providing a projection room ,pantry ,or anteroom.

Computer Room
This special training room, incorporates several rows of works stations ,each with the capability of exchanging information .many of these
rooms are part of a large building or campus network, space requirement 30 to 40 sqft or 2.7 to 3.6 sqm per seat.

The Assembly and Support areas program
In addition to determining the necessary conference and training spaces, the prefunction areas and such support functions must be established.
The assembly spaces are of various types, from a seprate lobby for day attendees , to major prefunction areas outside the larger rooms, to
smaller refreshment areas . The assembly areas should total between 15 to 50 percent of the salable conference space.
The principal component include :
Conference services: space is needed for offices for the conference conclerge, the conference service manager, and A.V planners, and a
lounge for meeting with clients: some operators include a audiovisual room and work areas adjacent or nearby.
Audiovisuals: Rear and front screen projection rooms, offices and workroom and the audiovisual technicians, a central distribution room.
Storage areas: Space is needed for conference room furnishing, including tables, chairs, lectems, and riser; portable audio visual equipment ;
food service supplies; and client material sent in advance of meetings.
Coffee pantry: Include a service area for brewing coffee and tea, holding cold drinks,pastries and fruit, storing soiled dishes so on.

32
STANDARDS
AUDITORIUM
The auditorium is the container for the audience focused on the stage upon which the performances occur. The three dimensional
volume of the auditorium is characterized by the limitations set by all the members of the audience able to see and hear the
performances and the performers to be able to command the audience.
The relationship between the stage and the back stage areas
should be dealt according to the convenience of the
performers.
Relationship between groups of spaces

TYPES OF LAYOUTS
Minimum radius foe the curved rows due to seat
construction is 20 centre for radii of rows and centre of
screen or stage need not coincide , although this is a ideal
case.
Fan shaped
It is ideally best and is
Recommended for comfort,
Ease of vision and safety.

33
STANDARDS
DIFFERENT WAYS OF LIGHTING-

Indirect light reflected from ceiling gives a
pleasant soft light but insufficient to emphasize.









Lamps can be arranged economically to give
direct light to exhibits and also general light from
ceiling reflection.










Spotlight on ceiling may create dramatic effect
but madequate general lighting.










ACOUSTICAL DEFECT-
Echoes
Reflection of huge plane surfaces risk being heard as
echoes. Particularly troublesome
echoes can result from
reflection of concave curved
surfaces even if the focal
point is not at the position
of audience Acoustical
focusing and troublesome
non uniformity will result
and such echo. surfaces
should be avoided in
auditorium.


Poor Ceiling Design Causin
Flutter echoes-
If a sound is made between
Two parallel surfaces the
regular reflections between
the two surfaces are head
as highly metallic ring.
Elimination of flutter echoes
require a small amount of
diffusing treatment on the
offending surfaces, inclination
of a little as 5 degree of
one surface relative to the
other or application
of a little

lateral reflection situation
for the stalls in plan absorbent.

34
STANDARDS

SPACE REQUIREMENT:
Area of auditorium6mt.per person
Farthest seat from stage front2.0mt.
Volume of auditorium3mt. cube per person
Acting area 9x9 mt. or 9mt. diameter
If the stage has to have wings, they should be at least
same size as the acting area with two wings the full
stage widths therefore be least 2.7mt. wide.

AUDITORIUM STAGE RELATIONSHIP-

Relationship between group of spaces

























Relationship between the actor and the audience is the basis of
the theatre. If the performance is to remain at the focus of the
audience attention, some degree of encirclement of the stage
area by the seating can be expected.


PERFORMANCE SPACES-

Lighting and sound control rooms are located at the near of the
stage managers office should lead directly to the stage, close
to the prompt corner.
The scenery dock should be planned at stage level and
accessible from the stage and loading door.


AUDITORIUM SEATING-

Back to back distance
between rows of seats
with back:760mm(min)
back to back distance
between rows of seats
without back:610mm(min)
width of seats with arms
510mm(min)width of seats
without arms 460mm(min)
unobstructed vertical space
between rows
(seaway 305mm min.)
maximum width of
gangway 1070


35
STANDARDS
Curved
Uncomfortable for spectators and poor
visibility.
The seating layout in an auditorium depends mainly on
selection of format - the relationship between audience and
performers and the visual & aural limitations associated with
a particular type of production as well as the number of
levels and Sightlines.
Sitting arrangement on a Balcony.

Sitting arrangement on a Ramped Floor

For best visibility, staggered seating arrangement should
be provided.
Max area per seat = 8 sq. ft- 10 sq. ft.
Max width of seats = 1-10
Width of seats with arms = 1-8
Width without arms = 1-6
Back to back distance between rows of seats without back
= 2-0
Min. width of gangway 3-6
36
STANDARDS
NUMBER OF SEATS IN A ROW
With traditional seating the maximum number in a row is limited
to 22 if there are gangways at both ends of the row and 11 if a
gangway is on one side only.
ROW TO ROW SPACING
For traditional seating the minimum is 300 mm and this
dimension increases with the number of seats in a row.
For continental seating the clearway is to be not less than 400 mm
and not more than 500 mm.
Spacing in rows
GANGWAYS
The minimum width is 1100 mm. Gangways can be ramped up to a
ratio of 1:10 to 1:12
SEATING GEOMETRY
Seating is usually laid out in straight or curved rows focused
towards the performance. Stagger arrangement of seats is the
best arrangement which is accomplished by the non uniform
placement seats in succeeding rows.
STAGE LIGHTING
The provision for stage lighting should be such that any part of the
stage can be lit
from as many different angles as possible.
The main sources are the overhead within the stage and the
auditorium, from side slots and less frequently
from the footlights.
37
STANDARDS
Overhead lighting is particularly important and should be
arranged to strike the actors face at about 45
o
above
horizontal.

The location of lighting bars over the stage and the lighting
bridges over the auditorium can be worked by arranging the
cone of light to fall between 55o to 400 so that whole stage can
be covered.


AISLE
For the
purpose of
seeing radial
aisles are the
Best as there
is no wastage
of space and a
Clear picture
is seen.
SIGHT LINES
Good views of acting area are essential for all practical purposes
the rake of the auditorium is therefore is worked out graphically.
The lowest point which the whole audience should be able to c
clearly is first established.
The height allowed above every eye level to clear the head is
normally 100mm.
Maximum of the gradient for aisles without steps is 1:10
STAGE DIMENSIONS
Width: 18m Depth: 12m
Height: Normal stage height varies from 0.7 to 1.2m, optimum being
0.9m.
The stage must be below the eye level of seated audience in the first
row.
Width of Proscenium: Minimum width is 12m, 18m, usual and 24m
max.
Proscenium heights: The aspect ratio for proscenium heights varies
from 1:2
to 2:3 of the width. If the proscenium width is kept 60 degrees then
height
varies between 30-0 to 40-0.
38
STANDARDS
ARCHITECTURAL ACOUSTIC FOR AUDITORIUM

For economic reason, most contemporary assembly hall are designed to cater to multiple functions.
For instance, a hall may be used as a concert hall on one occasion or as a drama theatre or a lecture hall on other occasion.
In such a situation a great deal of compromise is called in the acoustical design criteria.
The design must determine the foremost function of the hall, design the hall for that use and allow adjustments to be made in the
hall to serve other uses.
The best theatre have a noise level of about 30db.
When sound passes at a low angle of incident over and audience, it is strongly attenuated because of absorptive property of an
audience.
Reinforcement of sound by reflection from the sealing makes it reasonable to provide less step wake up to 35 degree.
BALCONY PARAPET TREATMENT
39
STANDARDS
MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES
The similarity among all the museums and art galleries is that no object on display were even designed to be there .they
range in size from general collection ,artifacts ,natural mineral objects ,stuffed animals ,coins and fabrics etc.
In general the main concern of the museum and art galleries are collecting, documenting, persevering, researching and
exhibiting.
The various activities that can be organized by a museum to supplement its permanent exhibitions are:

1. Temporary exhibitions: on subject to contemporary exhibition
2. Film and audio visual shows.
3. Mobile structure: instant popularity with general public.
4. Tableau with full size figures and animation.
5. Organizing popular lecture and demonstrations
6. Walk in panoramas
7. Three dimensional animations.

The average ratio of gallery to non gallery spaces are 48.52 with permanent display taking up to
40%of the total area.

CIRCULATION
Internal circulation
External circulation

Internal circulation: internal circulation in a museum can be divided into three zones

1. Circulation of visitors:

For lectures, film shows.
For permanent displays.
For special exhibitions.
For students & scholars attending museum

40
STANDARDS
External circulation:
It is essential to segregate the public movement from staff and goods
entrance. Aim should be to achieve a clear and defined circulation by
providing separate circulation paths for vehicular and pedestrian
movements.
FLEXIBILITY WITHIN CIRCULATION
Circulation cannot be in isolation .it is a part and parcel of the activity
area, but still be well defined so as to result probably in overlapping
of function making spaces which become multifunctional.



SEQUENTIAL CIRCULATION
Adequate space should be provided for people to view the exhibits
and also to pass between groups of people. More viewing space
should be provided for popular exhibits.

Chain type layout Fan shaped layout Twisting circuit
41
STANDARDS
Different ways of dividing exhibition spaces
VISION AND VIEWING
The two main aspect of viewing are the ease of viewing and lighting
The normal limit of vision without moving the head is a cone of 40
degrees.
A picture can therefore be conveniently viewed from a distance about
double the diagonal.

It is generally accepted, though that distance equal to diagonal will
enable the viewer to appreciate the detail of the picture, but he will
have to move his head to compass it all.

42
STANDARDS
LIGHTING
Lighting in a museum has a two fold function:
For the interpretation of objects and surroundings.
Fulfill the physiological and psychological needs.
The degree of visibility is determined by the amount, colour and the angle of illumination. The amount of light needed is directly
proportional to the details to be seen and the colour of the object.

Lighting has to fulfill the three basic functions of visibility, decoration and mood creation. The visitors should be in comparative
darkness as compared to the exhibits. It is because of this relative brightness rather than the actual level of illumination that a
person can see at low light levels.


NATURAL LIGHTING
As much possible daylight should be allowed inside, particularly so for corridors, toilets; conference rooms (which must have
blackout-facilities).
The changing nature of light is one of the most important assets of natural light.

METHODS OF NATURAL LIGHTING
Overhead lighting provides the following advantage:
Even illumination on walls.
Less obstructed by lateral obstructions as trees, buildings.
It is possible to regulate the amount of light coming in.
Good visibility with minimum of distortion.
Wall space remains free for exhibits.
Fewer openings required in the walls thus less security problems.

The disadvantages are:
Lots of maintenance is required.
More lights fall on the floor.
The monotony of the light causes a claustrophobic effect; it is continued over a large
distance.


43
STANDARDS
LIBRARY
Library building may broadly be classified by their size
and their relationship to the communities or
organization they serve. However three broad
classification of library are

LIBRARY FOR EDUCATION

These vary greatly in size according to the type of
institution, e.g. university

PUBLIC LIBRARY

These types of library vary considerably in size
depending on
the communities they serve.
As well as lending and reference functions, in recent
years the
development of new media and technology has
brought great changes and
affects the basic planning of library building.

Public library can be divided into three parts:

1. Central Library (for large communities)
2. County libraries (also serve as administrative and
distribution centre)
3. Branch or local libraries
44
STANDARDS
Libraries in research associations, learned institutions, Government departments, commercial and industrial firms.
Periodicals Reading Audio-
Visual
Control



Information
Open shelving browsing
Information
Catalogue
Bibliography
Loans


Stack
Entrance lobby
Cloaks
QUET
AREA
S
LOW
NOIS
E
45
STANDARDS
Recommended minimum allowance for one person reading area
STUDY READING AREAS:

Study area is the most important part of a library.
The recommended size of each individual table is 900 X 600 mm. if tables are arranged in rows this will have to be increased to
900 X900 mm.
Each reader allowance in reading area should be 2.3 m giving him the share of circulation within the room.
A long table can accommodate upto 12 readers: the width of such a table should be 1200mm.
It is recommended that long tables should have central division
MATERIAL IN THE LIBRARY

Generally the books will be housed in two areas of the library
Open area- those are accessible to the public and certain users of the library.
Closed area- those which are not accessible by the public but only used by the staff.


46
STANDARDS
The books used in the open areas could be very briefly divided
into the following:
1. Bibliographical 2. General reference
3. Special reference 4. Adult Lending
5. Children Lending 6. Local History
7. Music 8. Arts
9. Others
Books which are kept in closed areas and are accessible by staff, are the
surplus
books or stored books and may be divided as follows:

General Stack
Compact shelving stacks
Special collection
Extension services stacks
SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Book shelves
Library could standardise on 230mm wide shelving, with special runs of shelving (limited number) 300mm wide for
books over 230mm wide.
Wall shelving should never be higher than 2m (preferably 1.8 m).
No shelf in public areas should be lower than 300 mm from the floor and preferably 400 mm in island shelving.


Open rack

In open stack book storage more room must be provided for readers for browsing and cross traffic.
Provision of cross aisles is important in this type of shelving
47
STANDARDS
Reading areas
The recommended size of each individual table is 900 X 600 mm. if
tables are arranged in rows this will have to be increased to 900 X900 mm.
Each reader allowance in reading area should be 2.3 m giving him the
share of circulation within the room.
A long table can accommodate upto 12 readers: the width of such a table should
be 1200mm.
Seating should not be allowed at the end of the table.
It is recommended that long tables should have central division.
Closed rack
The shelving should provide the maximum storage of books with minimum use
of space. This Means Island should be double sided stacks, with single sided along
the perimeter walls.

The distance between stack will be dictated by access of book trolley

The bottom shelf in closed book shack can be as near to the floor as possible
(75mm) with top shelf not higher than 1.9m, thus preferred total height of stack
2.3m (7 shelves total).


Recommended minimum
clearance around tables
48
STANDARDS
RESTAURANTS/CAFETERIA
Restaurants should be planned so that variety of seating arrangement can be achieved.
Ambience is an important part in restaurant design
Decoration, lighting should be a integral part of restaurant design
Large regular spaces should be broken up in small more intimate areas.
Changes of level not usually favored by caterers but acceptable providing, they may positive contribution to design. Do not involve
more than 2 or 3 steps and main restaurant should be same level as kitchen

AREA REQUIREMENT:
Per Seat: 1480mm-2150mm
Ratio of service area to total area: 25-50%
Net kitchen area: 15-25%
Service aisles- not less than 900mm-1350mm

RESTAURANT AND KITCHEN
While designing a restaurant there are several critical dimensions that the designer must consider;
Aisle circulation must be adequate in width,
Clearances to consider inclusion of chair depth from edge of table and clearances between chairs
While laying out chair and table arrangements, a designer must anticipate the potential conflict
between a patron leaving a seat and a tray-carrying waiter.
Cafeteria in a commercial area should be 16-18 sq.ft./per seat

DINNING AREA
Space of dinning area is usually based upon number of square seated times the
number of person seated per time.
As a rule of thumb to eat comfortably, one person requires a
table area of around 60cm wide by 40cm deep.
Space requirements
Space requirement may range from
0.07 sqm to 1.2 sqm
49
STANDARDS
Type of operation square meter per person
Cafeteria, commercial 1.4 1.6
Counter service 1 1.3
AREAS REQUIRED
NET KITCHEN 15 TO 25%
Kitchen and wash to be preferred at the same level as the
restaurant.
Kitchen area divided into servery area, area for cooking,
frying, and grilling and preparation of soup and vegetables
and wash up area.

SPACE ALLOWANCE EXCLUDING COOKING AREA
Food is normally cooked within counter area but that for
preparation, wash-up required 1.50 to
2.20 sqm per person including counter.

CAF SERVICE
0.83 sqm per person, usually family type of business with
separate kitchen for dinning designed on traditional lines

SELF SERVICE CAF.
1.4 to 1.7 sqm per person. Long self-service counter
providing
good circulation spaces with spaces for clearing trolleys


TABLE SIZES
50
STANDARDS
square table-square layout
square table-diagonal layout
CIRCULATION THROUGH A RESTAURANT
51
STANDARDS
PUBLIC TOILETS
To ensure good working atmosphere it is essential to design sanitary facility, which are both functional and attractive.
Toilets should be approximately 100m from each workstation.
If ventilation is through windows on one side, only an area of 17000 cm
2 is
required.
In toilet facilities with <250 men or<160 women a drainage point with smell seal and tap connections with stop cock and hose
union must be provided and a sink for cleaning purposes.
Flooring should be non-slip, water resistant and easy to clean. Walls should be washable to >2m. Well-ventilated lobbies are
required in front of toilets and should have one washbasin per five WC.

REQUIREMENTS AS PER NUMBER OF USERS
The minimum room height of toilet with four or fewer WCs
can be 2.20m install washing facility for disabled people,
according to regulations recommended and type of activity.
52
STANDARDS
PARKING
STANDARD CAR DIMENSION
External width dimension
External height dimension External length
PARKING CONFIGURATION
Dimensions of vehicle parking spaces in parking bays range from 1.80x4.60 m to 2.50x 6.00m.
But slightly longer for longer parking.
While the 90 degrees parking is more economical in space requirements

LOCATION
Parking arrangements should be clear and organized, using road markings and signs, preferably
with one-way systems. Keep dead ends as short as possible so that the driver can view vacant spaces
Staff car parking must be quite separate and entered from service areas and not from visitors access points.

RAMP SLOPES
The maximum ramp slopes should be 20 percent. For slopes over 10%, a transition at least 8 feet long should be
provided at each end of the ramp at one half of the slope of the ramp itself.
53
STANDARDS
PARKING LAYOUTS
A central drive way with two rows of cars and 90 degree parking gives the best economy. Diagonal parking is easier
for the driver reduces driveway width but require more space.
In designing parking spaces, end stalls should be about 1 ft. wider than usual.
Parking spaces under building access drives should be 20 ft. wide for one-way traffic. If a restricted site frontage
requires a right angle turnoff, the drive way should be 25 ft. wide and the curb should have a 30 ft. radius.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF PARKING ARRANGEMENTS IN 90 DEGREE AND
DIAGONAL PARKING.
54
STANDARDS
TURNING RADIUS
RAMPS
Ramps may be straight, curved or a combination. No single ramp
system is best for all applications.
The choice should be based on the site shape and dimensions and
parking demand characteristics. Ramps may be one-way or two-
way.
RAMP BREAK OVER ANGLE
The ramps break over angle is the measure of the ability of a car to
break over a steep ramp. the society of automotive engine calls for
a minimum of 10 degrees as a design standard.
55
STANDARDS
OPEN-AIR THEATRE-
Good hearing and good sightlines for every part.
Seat may be set on a rising parabolic curve or on two
different inclines a fairly mild slope for lower half of the
auditorium (near the main stage) and a steeper slope for
the upper half.
The slope for the lower portion- 12 degree.
For the upper 24 degree.
Stage should be at a level 3 ft. above the base of the
lowest row of the seats in open- air theatre.

AIR-CONDITION SYSTEM-
Mono zone systems are normally used with plant
exclusive to the auditorium. In large halls two or three
separate air conditioning units may be installed to meet
the operational requirements.
Mono zone systems are usually installed in large halls
and auditorium to enable the room conditions to be
monitored and adjusted centrally. Directional air
movement can be controlled.
Ducts are normally formed from rectangular section
galvanized steel sheets.

DISTRIBUTION
Movement of conditioned air through auditorium may be
downwards, upwards or across the space this being
largely determined by the direction and movement
of the inlet air.

DOWNWARD MOVEMENT-
This is created by the jet section/ displacement of
supply air discharged through high level grills in selected
walls. The air is usually exhausted through floor or wall
grills.





NOISE AND VIBRATION-
Noise source- undesirable sound may arise from
Central part
Distribution noise- air velocity in the duct particularly
through dampers, drumming from duct walls excessive
fluid velocity in pipes and valves.
Noise rooms in occupied rooms
Vibration in a building is an undesirable section. In
most situations it is the vertical vibrations that are
important, since floor have the greatest flexibility in this
direction.
Layout consideration for sound and vibration.
Critical rooms for noise should be sited away from the
plant room.

AIR CONDITIONING
PLANT-
Plant should be located as
near to the supply zone as
possible but positioned
and designee to avoid
transmission of noise and
vibration access is
required for maintenance
and eventual
replacement. Air
conditioning plant is
practically limited to in
unit capacity to about
50000m cube/h normally
at least two sets of
equipment to capable of
supplying 60-70 percent
of the total load will be
installed for flexibility in
operation and
maintenance.
56
STANDARDS
COFERENCE HALLS
Conference system
A basic system, suitable for a conference
chamber would include:
Delegates unit- Microphone
Loudspeaker
Request to speak
indicator
Lamp
Speaker button
Chairman`s unit- priority switch to over-
ride other inputs
Development of the basic system may
provide the following connections:
Simultaneous interpretation system
Interpreter`s desk interconnections to
allow contact during working period.
Relays of speeches to other rooms and/or
recording
Special facilities for the deaf
Conference voting

CONFERENCE ROOM ACOUSTICS
Reverberation time- .6 - .8 sec
Volume 2.8 cum/person
Floor area 2 sqm/person
Sound reflecting ceiling to carry speech
across the conference table
Sound absorptive edges on ceiling
Sound absorptive wall paneling/pin board
to at least 50% of wall surface
Carpet floor finishes
Seating layout for meeting
theatre style
classroom style
central conference table
Square groupings

AUDITORIUM

Auditorium Requirements-
Public access separation from other
conference activity.
Stage/ performance access and back stage
provisions.
Noise entry shielded by outer meeting
room and double
skin construction vibrations-structure
design
in foyer and breakout areas.

Size and capacity:
Seating density should be more generous
than
minimal for theaters and vary from .55 to
.88 sqmts per person for self lighting seats.
The vertical angle from horizontal eye
level to the
Top of the screen (from the seat) should not
exceed 35.
Sight lines
Height of focal point on platform stage
height vary from 800 1100m. The focus
is taken as 50mm above the furthest point
of the acting area of stage.
Eye level when seated usually taken as
1120mm + 100 along the central line.
Vertical distance between the average
viewing eyes and top of the head 125mm.
Max. vertical angle elevated view from
nearest seats must not exceed 30`
(discomfort) max angle down from balcony
35` preferably 30`.
Seating min. Dimension-
Back to back distance between rows of
seats 800
Width of seats with arms
500

AUDITORIUM ACOUSTICS

Max. audible distance from the
speaker 20m.
Overhead ceiling panels should be
sound reflecting and angled to give
usefully early reflections to carry
sound to the rare seat.
Optimum reverberation time for
speech is generally between .75 to 1.0
seconds.
The volume of hall is 2.8 to 4 cubic
meters per person.
Floor area 0.7 to 0.8 sqm per person
Acoustical condition for speech (and
for small music ensembles )may be
improved by use the of suspended
reflectors over the platform and
adjacent body of hall.
Balcony front need to be modeled or
should have sound absorption applied
in order to avoid distracting back
reflection effect for performance on
stage.
s=1.4(h-4) seated
s=1.4(h-6) standing
s=dist. btw. loudspeakers
h=floor to ceiling ht.
deep balconies deprive some seats
from useful reflected sound
effect of surface/shape on reflected
sound
STAGE
Width of stage _> twice stage
opening
Stage height = 2.5 times stage
opening
Depth of stage (from fire curtain
)>_ times stage width
House curtains: immediately
behind the proscenium wall to
close off the main stage.
On stage curtains : to screen off
the main scenery area.
Others are edge masking curtains
and drapes and background
curtains.
Cyclorama: large plain sheets
used to form natural background
to the stage , it is a starched cloth
can also be used as cine or slide
back projection.
Edge masking is to hide off stage
areas , it consists overlapping
parallel lines of set of curtains.
The backstage must also be
directly accessible to workshop ,
store, loading dock, green rooms,
office of manager, specialist staff
room.


Technical facilities in auditorium-
Projection and control room
Lighting control room
Sound control and recording room
Simultaneous interpretation booth
57
STANDARDS

PROJECTION ROOM
The projection room or booth should be
located in the rear of the auditorium and set
back as far as possible to give maximum focal
length
To minimize picture distortion centre line of
the screen or plan should be symmetrical with
the axis of projector if there are two
projectors it should be equidistant from each.


SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETATION
BOOTHS
Booths must be elevated and built at the back
or side of the hall to allow an unobstructed
view of the persons speaking , the chairman
blackboard and projection screen.
They should be grouped to enable interpreters
to communicate visually through side
windows (at least 0.45 m wide) and have easy,
quick and safe access between booths.

FIRE FIGHTING
Typical detection equipments like smoke or
heat detectors, alarm, etc and the fire fighting
equipments like extinguishers, hydrants, wet
riser, etc. should be provided.
Sprinklers
They are provided on stage, screen docks, trap
room and various other areas. They are
usually protected by beams from accidental
impact.
Fire exit staircase
Maximum riser: 150mm
Minimum tread: 280mm
Minimum two staircase per floor
Exit standards:
Mean for escape in fire
An exit time of 2.5 to 3 minutes for
evacuation of the audience from the
auditorium is normally planned.
Fire Exits
No. of people at each level
Min. Exits Min.width

1200
300 2

1300
400 2

1500
500 2

1500
750 3

1500
1000 4

A.C Plant Rooms
Extra floor loading for machinery in a
plant room can be 750-1500 kg/sqm
Space requirement:
Air supply (cu.mt.)
width(m) height(m) length(m)
<20000 3.0
3.0 10
20 40000 4.0
3.5 14
40 70000 4.75
4.0 20

58
AT THE END OF THE DAY IT GIVES ME IMMENSE PLEASURE TO SEE MY THOUGHTS TO
UNDERSTAND THE DESIGN CRITERIA BEHIND THE HABITAT CENTRE. THE SIMPLE THOUGHT OF
TRYING TO DO SOMETHING DIFFERENT HAS DRAGGED ME TO THE UNDERSTANDING THIS
PROJECT FOR DESIGNING. THIS IS ACTUALLY IS NOT THE END RATHER A NEW BEGINNING
WHICH I THINK WILL BECOME MUCH NEEDED DRIVING FORCE TO CARRY MY THOUGHTS TO
HIGHER ALTITUDE.
CONCLUSION