Job Analysis &

Job Design
Paul L. Schumann, Ph.D.

© 2005 by Paul L. Schumann. All rights reserved.

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 Work-Flow Analysis
„ Work Output
• What is the work output of a work unit?
• What are the work standards?
„ Work Processes & Activities
• What tasks are necessary?
„ Work Inputs
• What raw materials, equipment, and
human KSAOs are needed?
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 Organization Structure
„ Dimensions of Structure
• Degree of Centralization
„ Centralized
„ Decentralized

• Degree of Departmentalization
„ Departments based on functional similarity
„ Departments based on work-flow similarity

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 Organization Structure
„ Structural Configurations
• Functional Structure
„ High centralization
„ Departments based on business functions

• Divisional Structure
„ Low centralization
„ Departments based on work-flow

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 Job Analysis
„ Job Descriptions
• Tasks, duties, and responsibilities
(TDRs)
„ Job Specifications
• Qualifications
„ Knowledge, skills, abilities, and other
characteristics (KSAOs)
„ Might combine job description & job
spec into one document for each job
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 Job Analysis
„ Some examples of job descriptions
• Restaurant Manager
„ http://krypton.mnsu.edu/~schumann/www/teach/sample_job_descrip.doc

• Store Manager
„ http://www.patagonia.com/jobs/retail_mgr.shtml
„ http://www.gordmans.com/employment/amanager.html

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 Job Analysis
„ Uses of Job Analysis
• Job redesign
• Selection
• Training and development
• Performance appraisal
• Pay

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 Job Analysis
„ Sources of information
• Job incumbents
• Supervisors
• Other sources

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 Job Analysis
„ Methods
• Position Analysis Questionnaire (PAQ)
• Task analysis inventory
• Fleishman Job Analysis System (FJAS)
• O*Net: http://online.onetcenter.org/
• Others
„ Do it yourself
„ Other standardized questionnaires

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 Job Design & Job Redesign
„ Mechanistic approach
• Task specialization
• Skill simplification
• Repetition

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 Job Design & Job Redesign
„ Motivational approach
• Job Characteristics Model (Hackman &
Oldham)
„ Job characteristics: (1) Skill variety, (2)
Task identity, (3) Task significance, (4)
Autonomy, & (5) Feedback
„ Implementation

• Job enlargement
• Job enrichment
• Self-managing teams

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 Job Design & Job Redesign
„ Biological approach
• Ergonomics
„ Redesign equipment to better fit the human
body
„ Redesign work and work processes

„ Perceptual-motor approach
• Redesign jobs to better fit human
cognitive capabilities

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