SEKTOR SEKOLAH BERASRAMA PENUH

BAHAGIAN SEKOLAH
KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA
DIAGNOSTIC TEST
FORM FOUR
BIOLOGY
PAPER 2
Two hours thirty minutes
DO NOT OPEN THE TEST PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO
For Examiners Use
Section Question
Full
Marks
Marks
Obtained
1
12
2
12
3 12
4 12
A
5 12
6 20
B
7 20
8 20
C
9 20
Total 100
1. This paper consists of three sections. Section A,
Section B and Section C. Answer all the questions
in Section A, one question in Section B and one
question in Section C.
2. Write your answers in the spaces provided for
Section A. Important steps in calculations must be
shown .
3. Write your answers on the separate answer sheets
provided for Section B and Section C.
4. Answer Section B and Section C in detail. You may
use equation, diagram, table, graph and other suitable
methods to explain your answers.
5. Show your working, it may help you to get marks.
6. If you wish to change your answer, neatly cross out
the answer that you have done. Then write down the
new answer
7. The diagram in the questions are not drawn to scale
unless stated.
8. Marks allocated for each question or part of the
question are shown in brackets.
9. The time suggested to answer Section A is 90
minutes, Section B is 30 minutes and Section C is 30
minutes.
10. The use of a non programmable calculator is
permitted.
This Question Paper Consists of 18 Printed Pages
Name:
Form :.
4551/2
Biology
Paper 2
October
2007
2
1
2 hours
4551/2 @ SBP 2007 [Turn over
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SECTION A
[60 marks]
Answer all questions from this section.
1. Diagram 1.1 shows an example of cell organization in a multicellular organism.
Diagram 1.1
(a) (i) Name the different types of cells shown in P, Q and R
P: ...........................
Q: ..
R: ..
[2 marks]
(ii) State the functions of these cells.
P: ..
.
Q: ..............
..
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R: ..
..
[3 marks]
(b) Based on the information obtained from diagram 1.1, explain the meaning of
cell specialization.
...
...
...
[1mark]
(c) Name the organ in diagram 1.1 and the tissues that form it.

[2 marks]
(d ) The human skin and the epidermis of plants act as a barrier against water loss,
mechanical injury and infection by microorganisms. However, the human skin
can also perform other functions like temperature regulation, excretion and
sensory perception.
Explain the above statement.
...
...
..
..
.
.

[4 marks]
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2. Diagram 2.1 shows a schematic diagram of the mechanism of photosynthesis.
ATP
DIAGRAM 2.1
(a) Identify the parts of a chloroplast where the two reactions of photosynthesis
take place.
Reaction X:

Reaction Y:
.
[2 marks]
Water
Process Z
Oxygen
Water
Water
Carbon dioxide
Glucose
Hydrogen atom
OH
-
H
+
Reaction X
Reaction Y
Chlorophyll
e
-
e
-
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(b) Name one type of cell where reactions X and Y take place.

[1 mark]
(c) Compare reaction X and reaction Y in other aspects that do not involve light
energy.

[2 marks]
(d) Explain process Z.

[2 marks]
(e) The leaves of some temperate plants like pine trees are evergreen and do not
fall in winter.
(i) Explain the effect of winter on the rate of photosynthesis.

[3 marks]
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(ii) Explain how farmers can overcome the above problems in order to maintain
the productivity of crops in winter.

[2 marks]
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3. Diagram 3.1 shows a part of the respiratory system of humans.
DIAGRAM 3.1
(a)(i) Name structures X and Y
Structure X :
Structure Y :
[2 marks]
(ii) Name the process that enables the exchange of the respiratory gases to occur
between X and Y.
..
[1 mark]
Blood
capillary
cell
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(iii) Explain how the differences in the partial pressures can cause the exchange of
the respiratory gases between X and Y and between X and the body cells.

[ 4 marks ]
(b) If carbon monoxide gas from the car exhaust was accidentally inhaled , explain how
exposure to the gas for several minutes can lead to death.

.
[ 2 marks ]
(c) During heavy physical activities the muscles of the hands and legs can become fatique
and the individual will pant, feel tired and weak. Explain the changes that occur in the
body during this period.
..

..
..
..
[ 3 marks ]
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4. Diagram 4.1 shows a stage during a type of cell division in an animal cell.
DIAGRAM 4.1
a) (i) Name the stage of the cell division shown in diagram4.1

[ 1 mark ]
(ii) How many chromosomes are there in the cell?
.
[ 1 mark]
(b) Based on what you have learnt about mitosis and meiosis, explain whether the cell
in Diagram 4.1 is formed by a normal cell division.

[ 2 marks ]
homologous
chromosomes
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(c) If the cell in Diagram 4.1 undergoes a meiotic division, draw a labelled diagram to
show the behavior of the chromosomes during Metaphase 1.
[ 3 marks ]
(d) Downs Syndrome is the result of an additional chromosome, causing each
somatic cell to have a total of 47 chromosomes instead of the normal 46
chromosomes. The affected individual have certain characteristics like slanted
eyes, short stature and mental retardation.
Based on the above information, explain what went wrong to the gametes that
form a child with the above mentioned genetic disorder.

[ 2 marks ]
(e) Explain how meiosis plays an important role in sexually reproducing organisms
whilst mitosis plays an important role in the formation of clones.
...
...
...
...
[ 3 marks ]
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5. Three different populations in a small lake are linked in a food chain. Diagram 5.1
shows the changes in size of these populations over a period of time.
Diagram 5.1
(a)(i) Using the information in Diagram 5.1 identify the producer
..........................................................................................................................
(ii)Name the trophic level in the food chain of organisms A.
....................
.[2 marks]
(b) Referring to the graphs, suggest what substances may have entered the lake at
time B. Explain your answer.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
.

[5 marks]
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(c) Explain how the change in the size of the population of bacteria after time C is
related to the size of the plant population.
.....................................................................................................................................
....
..
[2 marks]
(d) Suggest a method to estimate the fish population in the lake throughout the period.

[1mark]
(e) Diagram 5.2 is a graph that shows the amount of oxygen in the same lake before
time B. Complete the graph to show how the oxygen concentration will change over
the same time period shown in Diagram 5.1.
[2 marks]
Diagram 5.2
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SECTION B
[20 marks]
Answer any one questions from this section.
6 (a) Diagram 6.1 shows the structure of an enzyme and two types of substrate in
one part of the human digestive system.
DIAGRAM 6.1
Based on diagram 6.1, explain the mechanism of enzyme action .
[ 4 marks ]
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b. Diagram 6.2 shows the digestive system of humans, ruminants and rodents .
DIAGRAM 6.2
Based on diagram 6.2, compare the digestive system of humans, ruminants and
rodents and the digestion of cellulose.
[ 10 marks]
(c) A patient suffering from intestinal cancer has to undergo an operation to
remove a part of his intestines.
Explain the problems regarding nutrition that the patient would be facing after
the operation.
[ 6 marks]
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7. The graph in Diagram 7.1 shows the relationship between the populations of rats
and owls in an oil palm plantation.
DIAGRAM 7.1
a Based on diagram 7.1, describe the relationship between the rats and the
owls in the oil palm plantation ? .
[ 6 marks ]
b Describe the interactions between the following organisms.
- A clown fish and sea anemones
- Alga and fungus ( lichen )
[ 4 marks]
owls
rats
Time (months)
Population
of animals
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c. Diagram 7.2 shows the nitrogen cycle in a vegetable farm .
DIAGRAM 7.2
Describe what will happen to the rate of vegetable production if organisms P and
Q die as a result of excessive use of pesticides in the vegetable farm.
[ 10 marks]
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SECTION C
[20 marks]
Answer any one questions from this section.
8 (a) Table 1 shows a daily energy requirement of various individuals.
INDIVIDUAL DAILY ENERGY REQUIREMENT
(kJ)
i Very active man 15 100
ii Breast feeding woman 10 000
iii Average woman aged 25 9 200
iv Boy aged 12 15 11 700
v Girl aged 12 15 9 600
vi Child aged 7 7 500
vii Man aged 70 8 500
TABLE 1
Explain the daily energy requirement for any three groups of individuals
as compared to that of an average woman aged 25. [10 marks]
(b) Based on Table 2, suggest and justify an appropriate menu for each target
group:
(i) pregnant mothers
(ii) people with cardiovascular disease
(iii) teenagers aged 17
Food Protein
(g)
Lipid
(g)
Carbohydrate
(g)
Minerals Vitamins
Calcium
(mg)
Ferum
(mg)
A (g) D
(g)
B
1
(mg)
Rice 6.2 1.0 86.8 4.0 0.4 0 0 0.08
Bread 8.00 1.70 54.30 100.00 1.70 0 0 0.18
Beef 18.10 17.10 0 7.00 1.90 0 0 0.06
Eggs 12.30 10.90 4.20 100.00 0.10 155.0
0
0.10 0.09
Fish 17.40 0.70 0 16.00 0.50 0 0 0.08
Milk 3.30 3.80 4.80 120.00 0.10 44.00 0.05 0.04
Margarine 0.20 81.50 0 4.00 0.30 900.0
0
8.00 0
Oranges 0.80 0 8.50 41.00 0.30 8.00 0 0.10
Yoghurt 5.00 1.00 6.40 180.00 0.10 10.00 0.02 0.05
TABLE 2
[ 10 marks]
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9. Diagram 9 shows one source of air pollution.
DIAGRAM 9
a Name three other types of air pollutants and describe their effects on living things.
[ 10 marks]
b Suggests strategies that can be taken to reduce air pollution.
[ 10 mark]
END OF QUESTION PAPER
MARKING SCHEME: BIOlOGY PAPER 2
Parts of
question
Criteria/Explanation Mark/
score
Remark
1(a)(i) P : red blood cell
Q: heart muscle cell
R: epithelial cell
2 marks 3 correct- 2m
2 correct- 1m
1 correct- 0m
(ii) Sample answer:
P: Transport oxygen from lungs/heart to all the cells
in the body in the form of oxyhaemoglobin/
Transport carbon dioxide from cells to lungs in the
form of carbaminohaemoglobin
Q: Form the muscular tissues of the wall of the heart
that can contract and relax to pump blood to all
parts of body.
R: Form a continous protective layer over the surface
of the heart ( pericardium) /other body surfaces
3 marks
(b) Sample answer:
Process in which cells grow, change shape and
differentiate in order to carry out specific functions.
1mark
(c) F1: Heart
F2: The heart has muscle tissues, connective tissues
and epithelial tissues ( also nerve tissue but not
in diagram)
2 marks
(d) Sample answer:
F1: The human skin is an organ whereas the
epidermis of a plant is a tissue
E1: Both skin and epidermis consist of cells that are
interconnected and continous
E2: form a protective layer over the surface
F2: Skin has other tissues :
- connective tissues like blood for temperature
regulation
- nerve tissue for sensory perceptions and
temperature control
- epithelial tissue forms protective layer and
sweat glands for excretion (urea)
- muscle tissue like erector pili muscle for
temperature control.
1 mark
1 mark
Any 2
correct
2 marks
Total=12
Parts of
Question
Criteria / Explanation Mark /
Score
Remark
2(a)
(b)
(c)
Able to identify the parts of
chloroplast where reaction X
(light reaction) and reaction Y (dark
reaction) take place.
Answer :
Reaction X : grana
Reaction Y : stroma
Able to name one type of cell where
reaction X takes place.
Answer :
Palisade mesophyll cell / spongy
mesophyll cell / guard cell
Able to contrast between reaction X
(light reaction) and reaction Y (dark
reaction).
Sample Answer :
Reaction X
(light
reaction)
Reaction Y
(dark reaction)
F2 Require water
for photolysis
Require
hydrogen for
reduction of
carbon dioxide
F3 Produce ATP
and oxygen
Produce glucose
as the final
product
1
1
1
1 2
1
Accept also
thylakoid
Parts of
Question
Criteria / Explanation Mark /
Score
Remark
(d)
(e) (i)
(e) (ii)
Able to explain process Z based on
the criteria below :
F : name of process Z
E : products of process Z
Sample Answer :
F : photolysis of water
E : Light energy is used to split
water molecules into hydroxyl
ions
(OH
-
) and hydrogen ions (H
+
)
Able to explain the effect of winter
on the rate of photosynthesis.
Sample Answer :
F : Rate of photosynthesis
decreases
E1 : Low light intensity
E2 : Low temperature
Able to identify and explain ways to
maintain the productivity of crops in
winter.
Sample Answer :
F : Grow the crops in greenhouse.
E : Temperature and light intensity
are artificially controlled.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Total=12
Parts of
Quest.
Criteria/Explanation Mark/Score Remark
3a(i)
a(ii)
a(iii)
(b)
Structure X: red blood cell
Structure Y: alveolus
Simple diffusion
Sample answer:
At alveolus :
F1- partial pressure of oxygen is higher in
Y(alveolus) than in X(red blood cell)
E1- oxygen diffuses from Y to X
following the concentration gradient.
F2- partial pressure of carbon dioxide is
higher in X /blood than in Y
E2- Carbon dioxide diffuses from X to Y
following the concentration gradient
At body cells :
F3- partial pressure of oxygen is higher in X
than in body cells
E3- oxygen diffuses from X into body cells.
F4- partial pressure of carbon dioxide is
higher in body cells than in X
E4- carbon dioxide diffuses from body cells
to X
Sample answer:
F1- carbon monoxide combines faster with
haemoglobin than oxygen
E1- form carboxyhaemoglobin
(permanently) / carboxyhaemoglobin
does not breakdown to release
haemoglobin
E2- haemoglobin cannot transport oxygen to
cells
E3- cells lack oxygen for respiration and die.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 mark for
each pair of
fact and
explanation
correct.
4marks
F1 correct
Any
explanation
(E1/E2/E3)
2 marks
(c) Sample answer:
F1: oxygen debt occurred/ anaerobic
respiration occurred
E1: blood cannot supply enough oxygen to
muscle cells
E2: muscle cells undergo anaerobic
respiration to obtain extra energy
E3: glucose breakdown partially into lactic
acid
E4: accumulation of lactic acid causes
muscle fatique
E5: panting occurs to inhale more oxygen
to oxidize lactic acid to carbon dioxide
and water.
1
1
1
1 fact and any
2 explanations
3 marks
Total=12
Parts of
Question
Criteria/ Explanation Mark/score Remark
4(a) (i) Able to name the stage of the cell
Sample Answer:
Prophase (of mitosis)
(Early) Prophase I (of Meiosis)
1
(ii) Able to count the number of
chromosomes:
- 7 chromosomes 1
(b) Able to give a definite answer
Answer: No 1
Able to explain
fact
explanation
Sample Answer:
F1 : This is not a normal diploid cell
P1: because there is an extra
chromosome that cannot form a
homologous pair
1 2
(c) Able to draw the Metaphase I accurately:
3 pairs of homologous
chromosomes at the equatorial plate
1 chromosome without its
homologous pair
Spindle fibers formed
Able to label chromosome and spindle
fiber
Sample answer
Refer diagram 4c
1
1
1 3
(d) F:Abnormal meiotic division
E1: form abnormal gametes with extra
chromosomes
E2 : fusion of normal sperm with 23
chromosomes with abnormal ovum
with 24 chromosomes
E3 : Zygote formed has 47 chromosomes
1
1
1F and
1 E
(e) Able to state the importance of meiosis:
Sample Answer:
F: Maintain the chromosomal number
of an organism from generation to
generation
E:Produce gametes (with haploid
number of chromosomes.)
Able to state the importance of mitosis:
Sample answer:
E: Produce genetically identical organisms
with the same characteristics.
TOTAL
1
1
1 3
12marks
Diagram 4 c
Metaphase 11
( abnormal cell division)
Parts of
Question
Criteria/explanation Mark/
Score
Remark
5(a)(i) Algae/ phytoplanktons/ aquatic plants 1 mark
(ii) Trophic level 2 (primary consumer) 1 mark
(b)
Sample answer
F1: Inorganic fertilizers/ domestic sewage
entered lake.
E1: Nutrients encourage algae to grow
rapidly ( algal bloom)
E2: High density of algae cause light
intensity in water to be greatly
reduced
E3: Death of plants/algae/submerged
plants/ eutrophication
E4:: decomposition by bacteria
E5: Population of bacteria increases
E6: dissolved oxygen concentration
decreases ( BOD increases)
E7: Death of aquatic organisms eg.
population of fish decreases
1 mark
Any 4
correct
explanation
5marks
(c ) Sample answer:
F: Population of plants decreases but
population of bacteria increases.
E: After time C death of plants leads to
decomposition of these organisms by
bacteria./dead plant matter become food
for the bacteria ( decomposers)=
1mark
1mark
(d) The capture , mark , release and recapture
technique
1mark
(e)
Concentration of oxygen increased slighty but
after time C the concentration of oxygen
decreases sharply to a very low value.
2 marks
MARK SCHEME - ESSAY 1
No Sec. Accepted points / description / explanation M 1 M
Sum
6 a Able to explain the mechanism of enzyme action
Sample answers
1. Enzyme has an active site that complement to the protein.
2. Protein binds to the active site to form enzyme-protein substrate.
3. The enzyme catalyses the protein to form products/ polypeptide.
4. Products leave the active site of enzyme molecules.
1
1
1
1
4
b Able to state the differences in the digestive process of humans,
ruminants and rodents
Humans Ruminants Rodents
Omnivores Herbivores Mostly are
herbivores, some
are omnivores
Single stomach
chamber
Stomach with four
chambers
Single stomach
chamber
Caecum are about
the same size as
other parts of colon
Caecum are about
the same size as
other parts of colon
Big and well
developed caecum
Bacteria present
throughout the large
intestine
Bacteria and
protozoa present in
the stomach
Bacteria and
protozoa present in
the caecum
Unable to digest
cellulose
Able to digest
cellulose
Able to digest
cellulose
* 3 corrects = 2 marks
2 corrects = 1 mark
1 correct = 0
2
2
2
2
2 10
MARK SCHEME - ESSAY 2
6c Able to explain the problems regarding the nutrion after the
operation.
Sample answer
F1: Less production of the enzyme erepsin/
peptidase/maltase/sukrase/lactase/ lipase.
E1: The rate of food digestion is slow
F2: Slow absorption of glucose/ galactose/ fructose / amino acid/
glycerol and fatty acid/ vitamin/ mineral
E2: Less digested food absorbed
F3: The patient become exhausted
E3: Less absorption of glucose in the blood// rate of respiration is
low.
F4: Late recovery / healing of wound
E4:Slow cell replacement because of slow absorption of amino acid.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Max:6
6
TOTAL 20
MARK SCHEME - ESSAY 3
No Sec. Accepted points / description / explanation M 1 M
Sum
7 a
b.
Able to describe the relationship between the rats and the owls
P1: The relationship between rats and owls are prey-predator
P2: The owl is the predator of rats
P3: The rat is the prey of owls.
P4: An increase in the rat population is followed by an increase in
the owl popuation.
P5: Conversely when the rat population decreases the owl
population decreases.
P6: The prey and the predator regulate each others population and
this maintains the population of both organisms in a dynamic
equilibrium.
Able to describe the interactions between
i. Clown fish and sea anemones
P1: Type of interaction is commensalism
P2: The clown fish lives among the tentacles of sea anemones
P3: The clown fish is protected from its predators and it also
feeds on the remnants of the anemones food.
P4: On the hand , the sea anemones, do not benefit from this
relationship.
ii. Alga and fungus ( lichen)
P1: Type of interaction is mutualism
P2: Relationship between two species of organisms in which
both benefit.
P3: The alga produces food for itself and also for the fungus.
P4: The fungus supplies carbon dioxide and nitrogen for
alga to produce food.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Max: 2
1
1
1
1
Max: 2
6
4
MARK SCHEME - ESSAY 4
No Sec. Accepted points / description / explanation M 1 M
Sum
7 c Able to describe the rate of production of vegetables if organsims P
and Q die because of excessive use of pesticides in vegetable farms.
Sample answers:
P1: Organism P ( decomposer) will die
P2: Breakdown of protein in dead organisms will not occur.
P3: Less nitrogen compounds in the soil.
P4: Less production of protein from the producers
P5: Organism Q ( Nitrogen fixing bacteria) will die
P6: Nitrogen from the atmosphere will not undergo the process of
nitrogen fixing.
P7: No production of ammonium, nitrate and nitrite ions in the soil.
P8; No absorption of minerals such as ammonium, nitrate and
nitrites to the plants.
P9 Less production of protein from the producers
P10: Lack of protein sources in plants/ vegetables.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
TOTAL 20
MARK SCHEME - ESSAY 5
No Sec. Accepted points / description / explanation M 1 M
Sum
8 a Able to explain the factors tha affecting the daily energy
requirement of human body based on the criteria below:
F: Statement of the daily energy requirement of human body based
on the criteria below:
F: Statement of the daily energy requirement of the group in relative
to that of an average woman.
E: Explanations.
Sample Answer:
F1: Man aged 70 years old requires lower daily energy requirement
E1: Age factor/ the man is older than the average woman.
E2: The old man is less active than the average woman.
Any three groups
KS: Able to give three sets of statement with any one corresponding
explanation.
Example:
F1 +F2+ F3 and any corresponding E
1
1
1
3X3=
9
1 10
MARK SCHEME - ESSAY 6
No Sec. Accepted points / description / explanation M 1 M
Sum
8 b Able to justify the selection of an appropriate menu for target group
based on the criteria below :
For each target group :
F1 statement of menu
E1 justifications
F2 statement of menu
E2 justifications
Max 3
Sample Answer :
(i) Pregnant mothers should take :
F1 : Beef / eggs / fish.
E1 : High protein diet for growth of foetus.
F2 : Yoghurt / milk / eggs.
E2 : Calcium / vitamin D rich for bone development of foetus.
F3 : Beef / bread.
E3 : For manufacture of haemoglobin.
Any 2F with one corresponding E
Max 3
(ii) People with cardiovascular disease should take :
F1 : Fish / yogurt / oranges.
E1 : Low cholesterol food.
F2 : Use less oil in cooking / steam food/ boil / grill.
E2 : Lipid can be converted to cholesterol // excessive
cholesterol can deposit in the
artery wall.
Any 2F with one corresponding E
Max 3
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
3
MARK SCHEME - ESSAY 7
(iii) Teenagers should take
F1: bread/ rice
E1: high carbohydrate to supply energy for active lifestyle.
F2: beef/ fish
E2: high protein for growth
F3: Yoghurt / milk
E3: high ccalcium for growth and development of bones.
F4: Margarine
E4: high vitamin D for growth and development of bones .
Any 2F with one corresponding E
Max: 3
KN= For a complete combination of F and E from each group
Example:
Group (i) : F1+ E1// F2 + E2
Group(ii) : F1+ E1// F2+ E2
Group(iii) : F1+ E1// F2+ E2
TOTAL
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
10
20
MARK SCHEME - ESSAY 8
No Sec. Accepted points / description / explanation M 1 M
Sum
9 a Able to name any three types of pollutant :
Sulphur dioxide
Nitrogen oxides
Carbon dioxide
Lead
Able to describe the effects of pollutants on living things
Pollutants Effect on living things
Sulphur dioxide - Irritates and damages the lining of the
eyes, air passages and lungs.
- Combines with rainwater to form acid
rain that may cause skin diseases
Nitrogen oxides - Damages tissues of the lungs and cause
bronchitis
- Irritate the eyes
-Lower the bodys defence against flu
Carbon monoxide - Combines with haemoglobin to form
carboxyhaemoglobin which reduces the
capacity of the blood to transport oxygen .
- Causes dizziness and headache
- Slows down the brain.
Lead - Reduces the sensitivity of the hands and
feet coordination
- Coma or death
- Disrupts the ability of the body to
produce new cells.
- Cause retardation of brain in children.
1
1
1
1
Max: 3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Max: 7
10
MARK SCHEME - ESSAY 9
b. P1: Encourage sharing of vechicles to reduce congestion on the
roads.
P2: Provide sufficient and alternative types on transport services
which are more effective .
P3: Campaign programmes should be carried out to attract the usage
of public transport by the public.
P4: Enforce the usage of petrol without lead.
P5: Make it compulsory to use pollutant filters for the exhaust pipes
of vechicles and factory chimneys.
P6: Strict measures should be taken against open burning by
punishing offenders with heavy fines.
P7: Implemetation of laws to punish offenders
P8: use of technology examples; use of catalytic converters,
unleaded petrol, air filters for chimneys.
P9: Education: example: reduce, reuse and recycle resources
P10: renewable energy, example: solar energy, wind energy ,
geothermal
P11; efficient use of energy.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Max:
10 10
TOTAL 20