BY :

SHANTINE THARUMANATHAN
0902005191
MANAGEMENT OF
INFLUENZA
INTRODUCTION
Influenza is a viral infection that affects
mainly the nose, throat, bronchi and,
occasionally, lungs.

The virus is transmitted easily from person to
person via droplets and small particles
produced when infected people cough or
sneeze.
CONTINUITON..
There are three types of influenza :
Type A

Type B

Type C

Most infected people recover within one to two
weeks without requiring medical treatment.
However, in the very young, the elderly, and those
with other serious medical conditions, infection can
lead to severe complications of the underlying
condition, pneumonia and death.
MANAGEMENT OF INFLUENZA
MEDICAL CARE
As with other diseases, prevention of influenza is
the most effective strategy.

Amantadine and rimantadine have been approved
for many years for use against influenza A but are no
longer recommended because of significant
resistance.

The CDC has issued revised interim
recommendations for antiviral treatment and
prophylaxis of influenza.

CONTINUITION
Influenza A viruses, including two subtypes (H1N1)
and (H3N2), and influenza B viruses currently
circulate worldwide, but the prevalence of each can
vary among communities and within a single
community over the course of an influenza season.

The neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir,
zanamivir) have been the only recommended
influenza antiviral drugs because of widespread
resistance to the adamantanes (amantadine,
rimantadine) among influenza A (H3N2) virus
strains.
CONTINUITION
The neuraminidase inhibitors have activity against
influenza A and B viruses, while the adamantanes
have activity against only influenza A viruses.

A significant increase in the prevalence of
oseltamivir resistance was reported among
influenza A (H1N1) viruses worldwide.

Disadvantages of these drugs include lack of
efficacy against influenza B, potential adverse
effects, and rapid development of viral resistance.
CONTINUITION
Two newer drugs have been recently marketed for
treatment of influenza A and B. These are the
neuraminidase inhibitors oseltamivir and zanamivir.

These agents work by inhibiting influenza virus
neuraminidase, a glycoprotein spike that protrudes
from the virus envelope; this spike is needed for
successful cellular release of virus and transmission
within the body.

Advantages for prescribing these agents include
significantly reducing illness severity and duration.
CONTINUITION
ONGOING CLINICAL TRIALS
The median time to illness alleviation in the 40-mg
laninamivir octanoate is similar to oseltamivir, as
shown in a double-blind, randomized controlled
trial.

CONSULTATION
Consultation with an infectious disease specialist is
most necessary in some cases.
CONTINUITION
ACTIVITY
Bed rest


MEDICATION
Antiviral Agents
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

Zanamivir (Relenza)

Vaccine
Influenza virus vaccine (Afluria, Agriflu, FluLaval,
Fluarix, Fluvirin, Fluzone)

Influenza virus vaccine, intranasal (FluMist)


CONTINUITION
Influenza virus vaccine, H5N1

SUMMARY
Influenza virus infection, one of the most
common infectious diseases, is a highly
contagious airborne disease that causes an
acute febrile illness and results in variable
degrees of systemic symptoms, ranging from
mild fatigue to respiratory failure and death.

Like any other disease, prevention is the
most effective strategy.

It is also recommended to consult with a
doctor.

Medications are given to reduce the
morbidity and mortality of influenza.

The type of medication given is antiviral
agents.
THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND
ATTENTION