OWO116080 WCDMA RAN14 Admission Control Algorithm and Parameters ISSUE1.00

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Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
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WCDMA RAN14
Admission Control
Algorithm and
Parameters
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Page2
Foreword
The WCDMA system is a self-interfering system, so the

capacity, coverage, and QoS are mutually affected
The target of load control is to maximize the system

capacity while ensuring coverage and QoS, and provide
differentiated services for users
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Page3
References
3GPP TS 25.133: Requirements for Support of Radio Resource

Management (FDD)
3GPP TS 25.215: Physical Layer - Measurements (FDD)
3GPP TS 25.304: UE Procedures in Idle Mode and Procedures for

Cell Reselection in Connected Mode
3GPP TS 25.321: Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocol

Specification
3GPP TS 25.331: Radio Resource Control (RRC)
3GPP TS 25.413: UTRAN Iu Interface RANAP Signaling

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Page4
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Outline the principle of load control
Describe the realization method of Call Admission Control
Describe the realization method of Intelligent Access Control
Perform the parameter adjustment of Call Admission Control
Perform the parameter adjustment of Intelligent Access Control

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Page5
Contents
1. Load Control Overview
2. CAC Algorithm and Parameters
3. IAC Algorithm and Parameters

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Page6
Contents
1.1 Load Control Algorithms Overview
1.2 Load Measurement
1.3 Priorities Involved in Load Control

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Page7
Load Definition
Load: the occupancy of capacity
Two kinds of capacity in WCDMA system:
Hard capacity:
Cell DL OVSF code
Iub transport resource
NodeB processing capability (NodeB credit)
Soft capacity:
Cell power (UL and DL)

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Page8
Load Control Algorithms
The load control algorithms are applied to the different UE

access phases as follows:

CAC: Call Admission Control IAC: Intelligent Access Control

LDR: Load Reshuffling OLC: Overload Control
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Page9
Load Control Algorithms (Cont.)
Load Control Algorithm
Resources
Power Code NodeB Credits Iub Bandwidth
IAC
CAC
LDR
OLC - -
: not considered; : considered
Resources considered by different load control algorithms:

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Page10
Contents

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Page11
Load Measurement
Load control function in the WCDMA system:

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Load Measurement Quantities
The major load-related measurement quantities are as

follows:
Uplink Received Total Wideband Power (RTWP)
Downlink Transmitted Carrier Power (TCP)
Non-HSPA power: TCP excluding the power used for

transmission on HSPA channels
Provided Bit Rate (PBR) on HS-DSCH.
Power Requirement for GBR (GBP) on HS-DSCH
PBR on E-DCH
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Load Measurement Quantities (Cont.)
Received Scheduled E-DCH Power Share (RSEPS): power of the E-

DCH scheduling service in the serving cell
Uplink total load: sum of R99 service load, HSUPA service load, and
control channel load
Uplink minimum guaranteed load: sum of R99 service load, HSUPA

service load required by the HSUPA GBR, and control channel load.
The HSUPA GBR is calculated as follows:

If the function uplink enhanced L2 is disabled, GBR = max (bit rate of one RLC
PDU, GBR).
If the function uplink enhanced L2 is enabled, GBR = max (bit rate of the
smallest RLC PDU, GBR).

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Page14
Reporting Period
The NodeB periodically reports each measurement quantity to the RNC.
The following table lists the reporting period parameters for setting
different measurement quantities :
Measurement Quantity Reporting Period Parameter
RTWP ChoiceRprtUnitForUlBasicMeas
TenMsecForUlBasicMeas
MinForUlBasicMeas
ChoiceRprtUnitForDlBasicMeas
TenMsecForDlBasicMeas
MinForDlBasicMeas
RSEPS
TCP
Non-HSDPA power
Uplink total load
Uplink minimum guaranteed
load
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Reporting Period (Cont.)
Measurement Quantity Reporting Period Parameter
GBP
ChoiceRprtUnitForHsdpaPwrMeas
TenMsecForHsdpaPwrMeas
MinForHsdpaPwrMeas
HS-DSCH PBR
ChoiceRprtUnitForHsdpaRateMeas
TenMsecForHsdpaPrvidRateMeas
MinForHsdpaPrvidRateMeas
E-DCH PBR
ChoiceRprtUnitForHsupaRateMeas
TenMsecForHsupaPrvidRateMeas
MinForHsupaPrvidRateMeas
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Contents

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Page17
Priority
The QoS of the services or users with low priority will be

affected by the load control algorithms first

Three kinds of priorities involved in load control:
User priority
RAB integrated priority
User integrated priority

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User Priority
There are three levels of user priority:
gold (high priority), silver (middle priority) and copper (low

priority) users
User priority Gold Silver Copper
Uplink 384kbps 128kbps 64kbps
Downlink 384kbps 128kbps 64kbps
gold
user
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User Priority (Cont.)
The mapping relation between user priority and ARP is

configured in RNC by SET UUSERPRIORITY
Typical relation between user priority and ARP:

ARP
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
User
Priority
Gold Gold Gold Gold Gold Silver Silver Silver
ARP
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
User
Priority
Silver Silver Copper Copper Copper Copper Copper
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RAB Integrated Priority
RAB integrated priority is mainly used in load control

algorithms

RAB integrated priority are set according to :
ARP
Traffic Class
Traffic Handling Priority (THP, only for interactive services)
Carrier types: HSPA or DCH

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An Example for RAB Integrated Priority
Service
ID
ARP Traffic Class
Bear
type
A 1 Interactive DCH
B 1 Interactive HSDPA
C 2 Conversational DCH
D 2 Background DCH
Services attribution in the cell
Based on ARP, HSPA priority is higher
Based on Traffic Class, HSPA priority is higher
Service
ID
ARP Traffic Class
Bear
type
B 1 Interactive HSDPA
A 1 Interactive DCH
C 2 Conversational DCH
D 2 Background DCH
Service
ID
Traffic Class ARP
Bear
type
C Conversational 2 DCH
B Interactive 1 HSDPA
A Interactive 1 DCH
D Background 2 DCH
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User Integrated Priority
For single-RAB user, the user integrated priority is the same

as the RAB integrated priority

For multiple-RAB user, the user integrated priority is based

on the highest priority of RAB
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Page23
Parameters of Priority
PriorityReference
Parameter name: Integrate Priority Configured Reference
Recommended value: ARP
CarrierTypePriorInd
Parameter name: Indicator of Carrier Type Priority
Recommended value: NONE

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Contents

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Page25
Contents
2. CAC (Call Admission Control)
2.1 CAC Overview
2.2 CAC Based on Code Resource
2.3 CAC Based on Power Resource
2.4 CAC Based on NodeB Credit Resource
2.5 CAC Based on Iub Resource
2.6 CAC Based on the Number of HSPA Users
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Page26
Why We Need CAC?
WCDMA is an interference limited system, after a new

service is admitted, the system load will be increased
If a cell is high loaded, a new service will affect the QoS of

ongoing user, even result in call drop
CAC is used to determine whether the system resources

are sufficient to accept a new user's access request or not
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CAC Procedure
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HSPA Admission Control
HSPA admission control enables the HSDPA service along

with other R99 services to access the network
HSDPA admission control based on:
The number of HSDPA users
Iub resource
HSUPA admission control based on:
The number of HSUPA users
Iub resource
NodeB credit resources

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CAC Algorithm Switches
Power CAC
Uplink CAC algorithm switch: ALGORITHM_SECOND
Downlink CAC algorithm switch: ALGORITHM_FIRST
NodeB credit CAC
CAC algorithm switch: ON
Cell CAC algorithm switch-CRD_ADCTRL: ON
HSDPA user number CAC
Cell CAC algorithm switch-HSDPA_UU_ADCTRL: OFF
HSUPA user number CAC
Cell CAC algorithm switch-HSUPA_UU_ADCTRL: OFF

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Contents
2.1 CAC Overview
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CAC Based on Code Resource
Code resource CAC is involved in:
RRC connection setup
Handover
R99 services setup

RRC connection setup and handover have higher priority

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Code CAC for RRC Connection Setup
If the RRCCeCodeCacChoice parameter is set to

LOOSE_CAC:
Code resource-based admission succeeds if the remaining

code resources are sufficient for setting up an RRC
connection.

STRICT_CAC:
The RNC implements code resource-based admission based

on the cause carried in the RRC connection setup request.

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Code CAC for Handover
For handover service requests, code resource-based

admission succeeds if the remaining code resources are
sufficient for the service to be admitted.

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Code CAC for PS /CS Service
(Non-AMR Service)
For PS services/CS service (non-AMR service) requests:
The RNC must ensure that the remaining codes (the remaining
minimum SF of the current cell) upon admitting a new service
do not exceed the threshold.
It is specified by the DlHoCeCodeResvSf parameter.

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Code CAC for AMR Service
For AMR service requests
If the CSRABCacOptSwitch parameter is set to OFF
The RNC must ensure that the remaining codes (the remaining
minimum SF of the current cell) upon admitting a new service do
not exceed the threshold specified by the DlHoCeCodeResvSf
parameter.
If the CSRABCacOptSwitch parameter is set to ON,
Code resource-based admission succeeds if the remaining code

resources are sufficient for the service to be admitted

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Parameter of CAC Based on Code
Resource
RRCCeCodeCacChoice
Parameter name: Credit and Code CAC Choice for RRC
Recommended value: LOOSE_CAC
CSRABCacOptSwitch
Parameter name: CS RAB Setup Resource Allocation Switch
Recommended value: OFF

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Parameter of CAC Based on Code
Resource (Cont.)
DlHoCeCodeResvSf
Parameter name: DL handover credit and code reserved SF
Recommended value: SF32

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Contents
2.1 CAC Overview
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CAC Based on Power Resource
Power resource CAC is involved in:

RRC connection setup
Handover
Services setup

RRC connection setup and handover have higher priority

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Power CAC Procedure
Request initiation
Uplink call
admission decision
Admitted?
Downlink call
admission desicion
Admitted?
Request accepted
Request rejected
No
No
Yes
Yes
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Power CAC Algorithms
Algorithm 1: based on the cell power load and the expected

load increase

Algorithm 2: based on Equivalent Number of User (ENU)

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Power CAC Algorithms (Cont.)
Algorithm 3: admission control without considering load

increase

Algorithm 4: based on the uplink actual power load and the

expected load increase
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Power CAC for RRC Connection
Setup
The RNC performs loose or strict admission control on RRC

connection setup requests.

The RRCCacChoice parameter specifies whether to use

loose or strict admission control.
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Setup (Cont.)
Loose Admission Control
If an RRC connection setup request comes from emergency

calls, detachments, or registrations, the RRC connection is set
up directly.
If an RRC connection setup request comes from other

services, admission control is performed base on UL_UU_OLC
or DL_UU_OLC parameters value.
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Setup (Cont.)
Strict Admission Control
If an RRC connection setup request comes from emergency

calls or detachments, the RRC connection is set up directly.
If an RRC connection setup request comes from other

services, the RNC determines the admission threshold based
on one of the following request causes:
RRC connection setup requests of real-time services
RRC connection setup requests of non-real-time services
RRC connection setup requests of other services

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Power-Based Admission Algorithm 1
for RAB Setup
There are two types of power-based admission decisions

based on algorithm 1:
Uplink admission decision:
R99 cell
HSPA cell
Downlink admission decision:
R99 cell
HSPA cell
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Algorithm 1 - Uplink for R99 Cell
In an R99 cell, uplink power-based admission decisions are

made according to the RTWP-based total uplink load.
It is represented by
UL,R99-Total
and calculated using the
following formula:
UL,R99-Total
= 1 P
N
/(RTWP +
UL,CCH
)
P
N
is the received uplink background noise
RTWP is the received total wideband power in the uplink
UL,CCH
is the reserved load on the uplink common channels
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Page48
Parameters of Power CAC
CellUlEquNumCapacity
Parameter name: Cell Uplink Capacity of Equal User Number
Recommended value: 40, namely 40%
UlNonCtrlThdForHo/UlNonCtrlThdForAMR/UlNonCtrlTh
dForNonAMR/UlNonCtrlThdForOther
Parameter name: UL threshold of handover/Conv AMR/Conv

non_AMR/other service
Recommended value: 80%, 75%, 75%, 60%

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Page49
Algorithm 1 - Uplink for HSPA Cell
In an HSPA cell, uplink power-based admission decisions

are made based on the following load measurements:
The RTWP-based total uplink load:
UL,HSUPA-Total
= 1 P
N
/(RTWP +
UL,CCH
+
HS-DPCCH
)
The uncontrollable uplink load:
UL,NonCtrl
=
UL,HSUPA-Total

UL,Ctrl

The total uplink load for preferential admission of R99 services:
UL,R99Prefer-Total
=
UL,NonCtrl
+ Thd
HSUPAMaxGBP
+
UL,CCH
+
HS-DPCCH

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Page50
Algorithm 1 - Uplink for HSPA Cell
RNC performs the uplink power-based admission decision

as follows:
The RNC calculates the uplink load increase (

UL
) based on
the initial admission rate of the service.
The RNC determines whether to admit the service.
The admission criteria vary with the bearer type in an HSPA

cell.
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For the DCH RAB
If the bearer type is the DCH RAB, a service is admitted

only when the following criteria are both met:
UL,NonCtrl
+
UL
Thd
Such as:UlNonCtrlThdForAMR, UlNonCtrlThdForNonAMR,
UlNonCtrlThdForOther, or UlNonCtrlThdForHo

UL,HSUPA-Total
+
UL
UlCellTotalThd
or
UL,R99Prefer-Total
+
UL
UlCellTotalThd

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For the DCH RAB (Cont.)
UlCellTotalThd
Parameter Name: UL total power threshold
Recommended Value: 83 namely 83%

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For the HSUPA RAB
If the bearer type is the HSUPA RAB, the RNC admits an

HSUPA service if either PBR-based admission decision or
load-based admission succeeds.
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For the HSUPA RAB (Cont.)
PBR-based admission decisions
PBR-based service admission succeeds if any of the following

criteria are met:

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Page55
For the HSUPA RAB (Cont.)
Load-based admission decisions
For HSUPA scheduling service admission succeeds if the

following criteria is met

UL,HSUPA-Total
+
UL
UlCellTotalThd
For HSUPA non-scheduling services admission succeeds

only when both of the following criteria are met:
UL,HSUPA-Total
+
UL
UlCellTotalThd
UL,NonCtrl
+
UL

Thd
Such as:UlNonCtrlThdForAMR, UlNonCtrlThdForNonAMR,
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Page56
For the DC-HSUPA RAB
For DC-HSUPA non-scheduling services
Load-based admission decisions are made only on the primary

carrier.
For DC-HSUPA scheduling service
Load-based admission decision is successful on the primary or

secondary carrier.
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Page57
Parameters of Power CAC
UlHsDpcchRsvdFactor
Parameter name: UL HS-DPCCH reserve factor
HsupaMaxGBPThd
Parameter name: Threshold of Maximum Guaranteed Bit

Rates for HSUPA

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Page58
Parameters of Power CAC (Cont.)
HsupaLowPriorityUserPBRThd
HsupaEqualPriorityUserPBRThd
HsupaHighPriorityUserPBRThd
Parameter name: Low/Equal/High priority HSUPA user PBR

threshold
Recommended value: 100%, 100%, 100%

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Algorithm 1 - Downlink for R99 Cell
In an R99 cell, downlink power-based admission decisions

are made according to the TCP-based total downlink load.
It is represented by
DL,R99-Total
and calculated using the
following formula:
DL,R99-Total
=
TCP
+
DL,CCH

TCP
is equal to the transmitted carrier power (TCP)
DL,CCH
is the reserved load on the downlink common channels
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Page60
DlCCHLoadRsrvCoeff
Parameter name: DL common channel load reserved

coefficient
DlHOThd/DlConvAMRThd/DlConvNonAMRThd/DlOtherT
hd
Parameter name: DL threshold of handover/Conv AMR/Conv

non_AMR/other service
Recommended value: 85%, 80%, 80%, 75%

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Page61
Algorithm 1 - Downlink for HSPA Cell
In an HSPA cell, downlink power-based admission decisions are

made based on the following load measurements:
TCP-based total downlink load
DL,HSDPA-Total
=
TCP
+
DL,CCH
+
DL,HSUPARes

HSDPA GBP-based total downlink load
DL,GBP-Total
=
DL,NonHSPA
+ min (
DL,GBP
+
DL,HSUPARes
,
DL,MaxHSPA
) +
DL,CCH

The total downlink load for preferential admission of R99 services
DL,R99Prefer-Total
=
DL,NonHSPA
+ Thd
HSDPAMaxGBP
+
DL,HSUPARes
+
DL,CCH

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13
.

Algorithm 1 - Downlink for HSPA Cell
RNC performs the downlink power-based admission

decision as follows:
The RNC calculates the downlink load increase (

DL
) based
on the initial admission rate of the service and the pilot signal
quality the user receives.
The RNC determines whether to admit the service.
The admission criteria vary with the bearer type in an HSPA

cell.

Page62
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Page63
For the DCH RAB
If the bearer type is the DCH RAB, a service is admitted

only when the following criteria are both met:
DL,NonHSPA
+
UL
Thd
Such as:DlConvAMRThd, DlConvNonAMRThd, DlOtherThd, or DlHOThd

DL,HSDPA-Total
+
UL
DlCellTotalThd
or

DL,GBP-Total
+
UL
DlCellTotalThd
or

DL,R99Prefer-Total
+
UL
DlCellTotalThd

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For the DCH RAB (Cont.)
DlCellTotalThd
Parameter name: DL total power threshold

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For the HSDPA RAB
If the bearer type is the HSDPA RAB, the RNC admits an

HSDPA service if either PBR-based admission decision or
load-based admission succeeds.
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For the HSDPA RAB (Cont.)
PBR-based service admission succeeds if equation a (for

streaming services) or equation b (for BE services) is
satisfied:

a.

b.
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Page67
For the HSDPA RAB (Cont.)
Load-based service admission succeeds only when both of

the following criteria are met:

DL,GBP
+
UL
P
available-HSDPA

DL,HSDPA-Total
+
UL
DlCellTotalThd
or
DL,GBP-Total
+
UL
DlCellTotalThd
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Page68
For the DC-HSDPA RAB
If the bearer type is the DC-HSDPA RAB, admission control

is based on the power of the DC-HSDPA cell group.
The RNC admits DC-HSDPA RABs in the following situations:
PBR-based service admission in the DC-HSDPA cell group

succeeds
Load-based service admission in the DC-HSDPA cell group

succeeds
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Page69
HsdpaStrmPBRThd
Parameter name: HSDPA streaming PBR threshold
HsdpaBePBRThd
Parameter name: HSDPA best effort PBR threshold

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Page70
for RAB Setup
When the CAC function uses algorithm 2, the admission of

uplink/downlink power resources uses the algorithm
depending on the Equivalent Number of Users (ENU)
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Page71
Equivalent Number of Users
When the activation factor is 100%, a 12.2 kbit/s AMR

service is defined as one ENU. The following aspects are
considered when the ENU is calculated:
Cell type, such as urban or suburban
Traffic QoS, which is the Block Error Rate (BLER)
Target number of retransmissions
The activity factor of the traffic type

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Uplink ENU Resource Admission
Decisions
In the uplink, ENU-based admission decisions are made

based on the following load measurements:
Uplink total ENU load
UL,ENU
= ENU
UL,Total
/ENU
UL,Max
+
UL,CCH

The total uplink load of ENU for preferential admission of R99

services
UL,R99Prefer-ENU
=
UL,DCH_ENU
+ Thd
HSUPAMaxGBP

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.

Uplink ENU Resource Admission
Decisions
If a cell is in the OLC state triggered by the RTWP:

UL,ENU
CellUlEquNumCapacity
If a cell is not in the OLC state
If the bearer type is the DCH RAB

UL,ENU
+
UL,ENU
THd
Or
UL,R99Prefer-ENU
+
UL,ENU
UlCellTotalThd
If the bearer type is the HSUPA RAB

UL,ENU
+
UL,ENU
THd
such as UlNonCtrlThdForAMR, UlNonCtrlThdForNonAMR,
UlNonCtrlThdForOther or UlNonCtrlThdForHo
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Downlink ENU Resource Admission
Decisions
In the downlink, ENU-based admission decisions are made

based on the following load measurements:
Downlink total ENU load
DL,ENU
= ENU
DL,Total
/ENU
DL,Max
+
DL,CCH

The total downlink load for preferential admission of R99

services
DL,R99Prefer-ENU
=
DL,DCH_ENU
+ Thd
HSDPAMaxGBP

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Downlink ENU Resource Admission
Decisions
For non-DC-HSDPA RABs
If the bearer type is the DCH RAB

DL,ENU
+
DL,ENU
THd
Or
DL,R99Prefer-ENU
+
DL,ENU
DlCellTotalThd
If the bearer type is the HSDPA RAB

DL,ENU
+
DL,ENU
THd
such as DlNonCtrlThdForAMR, DlNonCtrlThdForNonAMR,
DlNonCtrlThdForOther or DlNonCtrlThdForHo

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Page76
UlTotalEqUserNum
Parameter name: UL total equivalent user number
Recommended value: 95
DlTotalEqUserNum
Parameter name: DL total equivalent user number
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Page77
for RAB Setup
Algorithm 3 is similar to algorithm 1.
The only difference is that the estimated load increase in

algorithm 3 is always set to 0.
Based on the current cell load, the RNC determines whether

the cell load exceeds the threshold
If the cell load exceeds the threshold, the RNC rejects the
access request.
If not, the RNC admits the service.

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Uplink Power-Based Admission
Algorithm 4 for RAB Setup
Algorithm 4 makes admission decisions based on the total

uplink load
UL, Actual-Total
as the following formula:
UL, Actual-Total
=
UL, Actual
+
UL,CCH

RNC makes the admission decision
UL, Actual-Total

+
UL
THd
such as UlNonCtrlThdForAMR, UlNonCtrlThdForNonAMR,

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Uplink Power-Based Admission
Algorithm 4 for RAB Setup
In DC-HSUPA cells
For DC-HSUPA non-scheduling services, admission decisions

based on the total uplink load are made only on the primary
carrier.
For DC-HSUPA scheduling service is admitted if admission

decision based on the total uplink load is successful on the
primary or secondary carrier.

Page79
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Page80
Contents
2.1 CAC Overview
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Page81
NodeB Credit
The NodeB credit resource is a concept on the RNC side. It is

referred to as the channel element (CE) on the NodeB side.

CEs are used to measure the channel demodulation capability

of NodeBs.
CEs are classified into uplink and downlink CEs.
One uplink CE needs to be consumed by an uplink 12.2 kbit/s voice

service (SF = 64) plus 3.4 kbit/s signaling traffic.
One downlink CE needs to be consumed by a downlink 12.2 kbit/s

voice service (SF = 128) plus 3.4 kbit/s signaling traffic.

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NodeB Credit Resource-based
Admission Decisions
RRC Connection Setup Requests

LOOSE_CAC
NodeB credit resource-based admission succeeds if the available

credit resources of the local cell, local cell group (if any), and
NodeB are sufficient for setting up an RRC connection.
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Admission Decisions (Cont.)

STRICT_CAC,
admission based on the cause carried in the RRC connection

setup request:
If the cause is "Emergency Call" or "Detach"

admission succeeds if the available credit resources are sufficient.
For any other cause

the RNC must ensure that the available credit resources of the local
cell, local cell group (if any), and NodeB exceed the reserved credit
resources upon admitting an RRC connection setup request.

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.

Handover Service Requests
admission succeeds if the available credit resources of the

local cell, local cell group (if any), and NodeB are sufficient for
the service to be admitted
PS Service/CS Service (Non-AMR Service) Requests
the RNC must ensure that the available credit resources of the
local cell, local cell group (if any), and NodeB exceed the
reserved credit resources upon admitting a new service.
Page84
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AMR Service Requests
If the CSRABCacOptSwitch parameter is set to ON,
admission success if the current available credit resources of the

local cell, local cell group (if any) and NodeB are sufficient for the
service.
If the CSRABCacOptSwitch parameter is set to OFF,
the RNC has to ensure that the current available credit of the local
cell, local cell group (if any) and NodeB exceeds the reserved
credit after admitting a new service.
Page85
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Parameter of NodeB Credit CAC
RRCCeCodeCacChoice
Parameter name: Credit and Code CAC Choice for RRC
Recommended value: LOOSE_CAC
DlRRCCeCodeResvSf
Parameter name: DL Credit and Code Reserved SF for RRC
UlRRCCeResvSf
Parameter name: UL Credit Reserved SF for RRC

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Page87
Parameter of NodeB Credit CAC
(Cont.)
UlHoCeResvSf
Parameter name: UL handover credit reserved SF
DlHoCeCodeResvSf
Parameter name: DL handover credit and code reserved SF
CSRABCacOptSwitch
Parameter name: CS RAB Setup Resource Allocation Switch

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Page88
Contents
2.1 CAC Overview
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Page89
Iub Resource CAC
Iub overbooking
The Iub overbooking feature considers the statistic multiplexing

of service activities and multiple users

Through the admission of more users, Iub overbooking

increases the resource utilization on the Iub interface

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Page90
Iub Resource CAC (Cont.)
Activity factor
RT services, including conversational and streaming services,

are admitted at the Maximum Bit Rate (MBR):
Admission bandwidth = MBR x activity factor

NRT services, including interactive and background services,

are admitted at the GBR:
Admission bandwidth = GBR x activity factor

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Page91
Iub Resource CAC Procedure
For handover of a user, the following requirements apply:
Load of the path + Bandwidth required by the user < Total

configured bandwidth of the path
For a new user, the following requirements apply:

configured bandwidth of the path - Bandwidth reserved for
handover
For rate upsizing of a user, the following requirements apply:

configured bandwidth of the path - Congestion threshold
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Page93
Parameters of Iub Resource CAC
FWDRSVHOBW /BWDRSVHOBW
Parameter name: Forward/Backward handover reserved bandwidth
Recommended value: 0, namely 0Kbit/s
FWDCONGBW/BWDCONGBW
Parameter name: Forward/Backward congestion threshold
FWDCONGCLRBW/BWDCONGCLRBW
Parameter name: Forward/Backward congestion clear threshold

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Page94
Contents
2.1 CAC Overview
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Page95
HSPA User Number CAC
HSPA user number CAC is involved in:

Cell level
Maximum number of HSPA users in a cell
NodeB level
Maximum number of HSPA users in all the cells configured in one

NodeB
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Page96
CAC of HSDPA Users
When HSDPA_UU_ADCTRL is set to 1, the HSDPA services

have to undergo admission decision based on the number of
HSDPA users.
When a new HSDPA service attempts to access the network, the

algorithm admits the service if the following conditions are met:
The number of HSDPA users in the cell does not exceed the maximum value
specified by MaxHsdpaUserNum.
The number of HSDPA users in the NodeB does not exceed the maximum
value specified by NodeBHsdpaMaxUserNum.

Otherwise, the HSDPA service is degraded to R99 service to retry

admission.
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Page97
CAC of HSUPA Users
When HSUPA_UU_ADCTRL is set to 1, the HSUPA services have

to undergo admission decision based on the number of HSUPA
users
When a new HSUPA service attempts to access the network, the

algorithm admits the service if the following conditions are met:
The number of the HSUPA users in the cell does not exceed the maximum value
specified by MaxHsupaUserNum.
The number of the HSUPA users in the NodeB does not exceed the maximum
value specified by NodeBHsupaMaxUserNum.

Otherwise, the HSUPA service is degraded to R99 service to retry

admission

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Page98
Parameters of HSPA User Number
CAC
MaxHsdpaUserNum
Parameter name: Maximum HSDPA user number
NodeBHsdpaMaxUserNum
Parameter name: NodeB Max HSDPA User Number

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Page99
Parameters of HSPA User Number
CAC (Cont.)
MaxHsupaUserNum
Parameter name: Maximum HSUPA user number
NodeBHsupaMaxUserNum
Parameter name: NodeB Max HSUPA User Number

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Page100
Contents

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Page101
Why Do We Need IAC?
The disadvantages of CAC:

For PS NRT (Non-Real Time) services, CAC is not flexible
No consideration about the priority of different users
No consideration about Directed Retry after CAC rejection

Intelligent means the algorithm can increase admission

successful rate
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Page102
IAC Procedure
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Page104
Contents
2. IAC (Intelligent Access Control)
2.4.1 IAC During RRC Connection Setup
2.4.2 Directed Retry Decision During RAB Procedure
2.4.3 Rate Negotiation at Admission Control
2.4.4 Admission Decision
2.4.5 Preemption
2.4.6 Queuing
2.4.7 Low-Rate Access of the PS BE Service
2.4.8 IAC for Emergency Calls
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Page105
IAC RRC Connection Setup
.
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Page107
RRC Redirection Based on Weak
Coverage
In weak-coverage areas, the UE access success rate is

usually low and the possibility of call drops is high.
In areas where the GSM coverage is better than the UMTS

coverage, using inter-RAT RRC redirection based on weak
coverage can redirect UEs from the UMTS to the GSM
network to improve the UE access success rate and reduce
the call drop rate.
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Page108
RRC Redirection Based on Distance
Target service: UE-originating AMR services
RNC estimates the distance between the UE and the cell

center by considering the propagation delay
RNC determines whether to perform RRC redirection based

on the estimation result
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Page109
RRC Redirection for Service Steering
Purpose: Enable the successful RRC connection setup by

selecting an appropriate cell for the UE based on the requested
service.

During the RRC connection setup, the RNC implements service

steering between inter-frequency or inter-RAT cells according to
the cause of RRC connection setup. In addition, the RNC
considers the load of the cell for access and the redirection factors
to control the degree of load balancing

Algorithm switch: DrSwitch-DR_ RRC_DRD_SWITCH
Triggering factor: RedirFactorOfNorm or RedirFactorOfLDR
Target cell: RedirSwitch

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Page110
Parameters of RRC Redirection
DrSwitch-DR_ RRC_DRD_SWITCH
Parameter name: DRD switch for RRC connection
Recommended value: ON
RedirSwitch
Parameter name: Redirection Switch
RedirFactorOfNorm/RedirFactorOfLDR
Parameter name: Redirection Factor Of Normal/LDR
Recommended value: 0 / (AMR: 50; other: 0)

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Page111
RRC DRD
Purpose: Instruct the UE to set up an RRC connection in an

inter-frequency neighboring cell with better signal quality
Algorithm switch: DrSwitch-DR_ RRC_DRD_SWITCH
Target cell: same-coverage inter-frequency neighboring

cells, which quality is large than threshold:

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Parameters of RRC DRD
DrSwitch
Parameter Name : Direct Retry Switch
Recommended value :
DR_RRC_DRD_SWITCH:ON,
DR_RAB_SING_DRD_SWITCH:ON,
DR_RAB_COMB_DRD_SWITCH:OFF
Page112
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Parameters of RRC DRD(Cont..)
BlindHoFlag
Parameter Name : Blind Handover Flag
Recommended value : FALSE

Page113
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Parameters of RRC DRD(Cont..)
DRDEcN0Threshhold
Parameter Name : Drd Ec/N0 threshold
Recommended value : -18 dB

Page114
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Page115
Parameters of RRC DRD
DRDEcN0Threshhold
Parameter name: Drd Ec/N0 threshold
Recommended value: -18, namely -18dB

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Page116
RRC Redirection after DRD Failure
Algorithm switch:
DrSwitch-DR_ RRC_DRD_SWITCH
ConnectFailRrcRedirSwitch

Target cell: inter-frequency neighboring cells or inter-RAT

neighboring cells
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Page117
Parameters of IAC RRC Redirection
ConnectFailRrcRedirSwitch
Parameter name: RRC Redirection Switch for Admission

Failure
Recommended value: Only_To_Inter_Frequency

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Page118
Contents
2.4.5 Preemption
2.4.6 Queuing
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Page119
IAC - RAB DRD
Purpose
Select a suitable cell for a UE to access according to the HSPA+

technological satisfaction, service priority, and cell load

Scenario
RAB setup
RAB modification
DCCC channel reconfiguration

Non-periodic DRD:
Inter-frequency DRD
Inter-RAT DRD.
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Signaling of Inter-Frequency DRD
Page120
UE SRNC NodeB2
2. Radio Link Setup Request
3. Radio Link Setup
Response
4. ALCAP Iub Data Transport
Bearer Setup
6. Radio Bearer Setup Complete
CN
7. RAB Assignment
Response
1. RAB Assignment
Request
5. Radio Bearer Setup
Base on load balancing algorithm,
trigger inter-frequency DRD
Cell1(f1)
Cell1(f2)
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Parameters of Power-Based DRD for
Load Balancing
Page121
Parameter Parameter name
Recommended
value
DlConvAMRThd
DL threshold of Conv AMR
service
80%
LdbDRDLoadRemain
ThdDCH
Dl load balance DRD power
remain threshold for DCH
35%
DlCellTotalThd DL total power threshold 90%
LdbDRDLoadRemain
ThdHSDPA
Dl load balance DRD power
remain threshold for HSDPA
100%
DlTotalEqUserNum
DL total equivalent user
number
80
MaxHsdpaUserNum
Maximum HSDPA user
number
64
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Page123
Contents
2.4.5 Preemption
2.4.6 Queuing
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Page124
IAC - Rate Negotiation
Rate negotiation includes:
PS MBR negotiation
PS GBR negotiation
Initial rate negotiation
Target rate negotiation

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Page125
PS MBR Negotiation
If the IE "Alternative RAB Parameter Values" is present in

the RANAP RAB ASSIGNMENT REQUEST or the
RELOCATION REQUEST message when a PS service is
set up, reconfigured, or handed over, then the RNC and the
CN negotiate the rate according to the UE capability to
obtain the MBR while ensuring a proper QoS
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Page126
Parameters of PS MBR Negotiation
PsSwitch-PS_STREAM_IU_QOS_NEG_SWITCH
Parameter name: PS rate negotiation switch for Streaming service
PsSwitch-PS_ BE_IU_QOS_NEG_SWITCH
Parameter name: PS rate negotiation switch for BE service
PsSwitch-PS_BE_STRICT_IU_QOS_NEG_SWITCH
Parameter name: PS rate negotiation switch for strict BE service

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Page127
PS GBR Negotiation
During the setup, reconfiguration, or handover of a real-time

PS service
if the PS_STREAM_IU_QOS_NEG_SWITCH subparameter of

the PsSwitch parameter is set to 1, the RNC selects the
maximum rate as the GBR of this RAB and sends it to the CN .
If the PS_STREAM_IU_QOS_NEG_SWITCH sub-parameter

of the PsSwitch parameter is set to 0, the GBR negotiation will
be not performed.
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Page128
Initial Rate Negotiation
For a BE service in the PS domain, the RNC selects an initial rate

to allocate bandwidth for the service before the admission request
based on cell resources in the following cases:
A service is set up
The UE state changes from CELL_FACH to CELL_DCH
The negotiation is based on the cell load information, which

includes:
Uplink and downlink radio bearer status of the cell
Minimum spreading factor (SF) supported
HSPA capability
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Page129
Initial Rate Negotiation (Cont.)
DCCC
Switch
PS BE Initial Rate Dynamic
Configuration Switch
Actual Initial Rate
ON ON
In the uplink, the initial rate is the smaller one of
the MBR and 384 kbit/s.
In the downlink, the initial rate is dynamically set
on the basis of Ec/N0.
ON OFF
In the uplink, the initial rate is the smaller one of
the MBR and the initial rate of the uplink BE
service (UlBeTraffInitBitrate).
In the downlink, the initial rate is the smaller one
of the MBR and the initial rate of the downlink
BE service (DlBeTraffInitBitrate)
OFF - MBR
Initial rate definition for DCH services:

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Page130
Parameters of Initial Rate Negotiation
DraSwitch-DRA_DCCC_SWITCH
Parameter name: Dynamic resource allocation switch for

DCCC
PsSwitch-PS_BE_INIT_RATE_DYNAMIC_CFG_SWITCH
Parameter name: PS rate negotiation switch for initial rate

reconfiguration

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Page131
EcN0EffectTime
Parameter name: Ec/N0 effective time
Recommended value: 5000, namely 5000ms
EcN0Ths
Parameter name: Ec/N0 threshold
Recommended value: 41, namely -4dB
DlBeTraffInitBitrate
Parameter name: DL BE traffic Initial bit rate
Recommended value: D64, namely 64kbit/s

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Page132
Initial Rate Negotiation (Cont.)
Initial rate of HSDPA services: GBR
Initial rate definition for HSPA services:
If the DRA_HSUPA_DCCC_SWITCH subparameter of the

DraSwitch parameter is set to 1, the actual initial rate is the
initial rate of the HSUPA BE service (HsupaInitialRate).
If the DRA_HSUPA_DCCC_SWITCH subparameter of the

DraSwitch parameter is set to 0, the actual initial rate is the
MBR.
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Page133
DraSwitch-DRA_HSUPA_DCCC_SWITCH
Parameter name: Dynamic resource allocation switch for

HSUPA DCCC
HsupaInitialRate
Parameter name: Initial rate of HSUPA BE traffic
Recommended value: D256, namely 256kbit/s

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Page134
Target Rate Negotiation
For a BE service in the PS domain, if the cell resource-

based admission at the initial rate fails, the RNC selects a
target rate to allocate bandwidth for the service based on
cell resource in following cases:
Service setup
Soft handover
DCCC rate upsizing

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Page135
Contents
2.4.5 Preemption
2.4.6 Queuing
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Page136
Admission Decision
After rate negotiation, RNC makes admission decision.
The admission decision performed by CAC is based on

resources, such as code resources, power resources,
NodeB credits, and Iub resources
If the admission is successful, UE access is granted.

Otherwise, the RNC performs the next step
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Page137
Contents
2.4.5 Preemption
2.4.6 Queuing
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Page138
IAC - Preemption
By forcibly releasing the resources of lower-priority users, the

preemption function increases the access success rate of
higher-priority users
Precondition of preemption and queuing:
According to RAB ASSIGNMENT REQUEST message,

preemption and queuing are supported

The preemption algorithm switch (PreemptAlgoSwitch) is set to

ON
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Page139
Preemption Procedure
1. The RNC selects the target cell for preemption
For DC-HSDPA/DC-HSUPA services, the RNC selects the

primary cell in the DC-HSDPA/DC-HSUPA cell group as the
target cell
For non-DC-HSDPA/non-DC-HSUPA services, the RNC

selects a suitable cell with higher service priority or lower load
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Page140
Preemption Procedure (Cont.)
2. The preemption algorithm determines the radio link sets

to be preempted
a. Selects SRNC users first. If no user under the SRNC is

available, the algorithm selects users under the DRNC.
b. Sorts the preemptable users by user integrated priority, or

sorts the preemptable RABs by RAB integrated priority.
c. Determines candidate users or RABs

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Preemption Procedure (Cont.)
3. The RNC releases the resources occupied by the

candidate users, RABs, or RRCs.
4. The requested service directly uses the released

resources to access the network without an admission
decision.

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Forced Preemption
In forced preemption, only CS conversational services can

trigger preemption and only PS BE services can be
preempted.
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Forced Preemption
Forced Preemption function is determined by the

RsvdPara1 parameter which consist of two sub-
parameters:
RSVDBIT4 indicates whether CS services can preempt the

resources for PS services during a CS RRC connection setup.
RSVDBIT5 indicates whether CS services can preempt the

resources for PS BE services during a CS RAB-related phase.

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Page144
Parameters of Preemption
PreemptAlgoSwitch
Parameter name: Preempt algorithm switch
RsvdPara1
Parameter name: Reserved parameter 1
Recommended value: RSVDBIT1-0&RSVDBIT2-

0&RSVDBIT3-0&RSVDBIT4-0&RSVDBIT5-0&RSVDBIT6-
0&RSVDBIT7-0&RSVDBIT8-0&RSVDBIT9-0&RSVDBIT10-
0&RSVDBIT11-0&RSVDBIT12-0&RSVDBIT13-
0&RSVDBIT14-0&RSVDBIT15-0&RSVDBIT16-0

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Page145
Contents
2.4.5 Preemption
2.4.6 Queuing
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Page146
IAC - Queuing
For PS services, after preemption fails, the RNC performs

queuing if the following conditions are met:
The RNC receives a RAB ASSIGNMENT REQUEST message

indicating that queuing is supported
The queuing algorithm switch (QueueAlgoSwitch) is set to ON

The queuing function is triggered by the heartbeat timer that

is set by the PollTimerLen parameter. Each time the timer
expires, the RNC selects the service that meets the
requirement to make an admission attempt
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Page148
Parameters of Queuing
QueueAlgoSwitch
Parameter name: Queue algorithm switch
MaxQueueTimeLen
Parameter name: Max queuing time length
Recommended value: 5, namely 5s

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Page149
Contents
2.4.5 Preemption
2.4.6 Queuing
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Page150
IAC - Low-Rate Access of the PS BE
Service
Low-rate access means access from the DCH at 0 kbit/s,

FACH, or enhanced FACH (E-FACH)
Low-rate access is used in the following scenarios:
RAB setup
Hard handover or SRNS relocation

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Page152
Parameters of Low-Rate Access of the
PS BE Service
PsSwitch-
PS_BE_EXTRA_LOW_RATE_ACCESS_SWITCH
Parameter name: PS rate negotiation switch for low rate

access
ZeroRateUpFailToRelTimerLen
Parameter name: Release 0 kbit/s Timer length for failed to

rate up
Recommended value: 180, namely 180s

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Page153
Contents
2.4.5 Preemption
2.4.6 Queuing
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Page154
IAC for Emergency Calls
RRC connection setup process of emergency calls:
No admission on power resource
Admission is successful if the current remaining hard resources

are sufficient
If the hard resource admission fails

preemption is performed
regardless of the preemption switch

RRC connection
setup request
Admission
algorithm
Preemption DRD Redirection
RAB process
Fails
Succeeds
Fails Fails
Succeeds Succeeds
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Page155
IAC for Emergency Calls (Cont.)
RAB Admission of Emergency Calls :
For power resource admission:
When EMC_UU_ADCTRL is on, power admission fails if the

system is in overload. Otherwise, the admission succeeds
If the CAC algorithm switch is off, the emergency calls are directly
admitted

Admission is successful if the current remaining hard resources

are sufficient

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Page156
IAC for Emergency Calls (Cont.)
Preemption of Emergency Calls
If cell resource-based admission fails, preemption is performed

regardless of whether the preempt function is enabled or not.
If EmcPreeRefVulnSwitch is set to ON, all non-emergency

users that have accessed the network can be preempted,
regardless of the preemption-prohibited attribute of the users.
If EmcPreeRefVulnSwitch is set to OFF, only the non-

emergency users with preemption-allowed attribute can be
preempted.
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Page157
Parameters of IAC for Emergency
Calls
EmcPreeRefVulnSwitch
Parameter name: Preemptvulnerability for Emergency call

switch
NBMCacAlgoSwitch-EMC_UU_ADCTRL
Parameter name: Cell CAC algorithm switch for UU resource of

emergency call
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Summary
CAC Based on
Code Resource
Power Resource
NodeB Credit Resource
Iub Resource
The Number of HSPA Users
IAC During RRC Connection Setup or RAB Procedure

Page158
Thank you
www.huawei.com

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The WCDMA system is a self-interfering system, so the

The target of load control is to maximize the system

3GPP TS 25.133: Requirements for Support of Radio Resource

3GPP TS 25.215: Physical Layer - Measurements (FDD)

3GPP TS 25.304: UE Procedures in Idle Mode and Procedures for

3GPP TS 25.321: Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocol

3GPP TS 25.331: Radio Resource Control (RRC)

3GPP TS 25.413: UTRAN Iu Interface RANAP Signaling

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

Outline the principle of load control

Describe the realization method of Call Admission Control

Describe the realization method of Intelligent Access Control

Perform the parameter adjustment of Call Admission Control

Perform the parameter adjustment of Intelligent Access Control

Load: the occupancy of capacity

Two kinds of capacity in WCDMA system:

Cell DL OVSF code

Iub transport resource

NodeB processing capability (NodeB credit)

Cell power (UL and DL)

The load control algorithms are applied to the different UE

Resources considered by different load control algorithms:

Load control function in the WCDMA system:

The major load-related measurement quantities are as

Uplink Received Total Wideband Power (RTWP)

Downlink Transmitted Carrier Power (TCP)

Non-HSPA power: TCP excluding the power used for

Provided Bit Rate (PBR) on HS-DSCH.

Power Requirement for GBR (GBP) on HS-DSCH

Received Scheduled E-DCH Power Share (RSEPS): power of the E-

Uplink minimum guaranteed load: sum of R99 service load, HSUPA

The HSUPA GBR is calculated as follows:

The NodeB periodically reports each measurement quantity to the RNC.

The QoS of the services or users with low priority will be

Three kinds of priorities involved in load control:

RAB integrated priority

User integrated priority

There are three levels of user priority:

gold (high priority), silver (middle priority) and copper (low

The mapping relation between user priority and ARP is

Typical relation between user priority and ARP:

RAB integrated priority is mainly used in load control

RAB integrated priority are set according to :

Traffic Handling Priority (THP, only for interactive services)

Carrier types: HSPA or DCH

For single-RAB user, the user integrated priority is the same

For multiple-RAB user, the user integrated priority is based

Parameter name: Integrate Priority Configured Reference

Recommended value: ARP

Parameter name: Indicator of Carrier Type Priority

Recommended value: NONE

WCDMA is an interference limited system, after a new

If a cell is high loaded, a new service will affect the QoS of

CAC is used to determine whether the system resources

HSPA admission control enables the HSDPA service along

HSDPA admission control based on:

The number of HSDPA users

HSUPA admission control based on:

The number of HSUPA users

NodeB credit resources

Uplink CAC algorithm switch: ALGORITHM_SECOND

Downlink CAC algorithm switch: ALGORITHM_FIRST

NodeB credit CAC