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year. XLVIII, No 1
Association of the Historians of the Republic of Macedonia

2013

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CONTENTS
('(%% / ARTICLES
Elena Ene D-VASILESCU
HOW EVOLUTIONISTIC WERE THE CAPPADOCIAN
FATHERS?....................................................................................

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"/"0...........................................................................................

51

Dragan GJALEVSKI
BYZANTINE POLITICS OF SWORD AND LETTER
THE CASE OF SAMUEL..............................................................

65

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0?"@(*&(#)"&" (!(.(-".(-" +' 0(*)?,*'&
!" ,$@(A(*)'-0?B'+!"&" "@&$,!"&(+" .................

79

Michel GYBELS
CATHARISM AS A COUNTER-CHURCH .................................

95

Joan ESCULIES, Enric UCELAY-Da CAL, Josep PICH

CATALAN NATIONALIST PERSPECTIVES ON
THE ILINDEN UPRISING OF 1903 ............................................

109

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+' '*="!@(*)" =")$0'!(-"..........................................

155

Liljana GUSHEVSKA
RUSSIAN DIPLOMATIC DOCUMENTATION REGARDING
THE EVENTS IN MACEDONIA AND THE BALKANS ON
THE EVE OF THE BALKAN WARS ...........................................

179

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241

6'(9#%.':%/ MATERIALS
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249

;#%5'4% / BOOK REVIEWS

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(*&,?A": (,(*, 2009).................................................................

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<(<@('&$)" HISTORIA ANTIQUA MACEDONICA,
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%(,&.!, .3C I (>83#!"B: A, => 1995), 307,

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7".!/5"!M ;8-.3!/5 (380440). +73!8B $8-.3!/5"$2/.8, -& 1.!%'( "&#23!%'!.((' 4-# &44#* ! %(+&%'&$ ! ).!.&4! 5'& %# %&&4 #%6-((' ( %*#4 !&(7! : 8&2 9&2&% %# -%#*!* -& 7&-#"&' :%6%, ;&2& <&$ =& &4,.(* ! )&+(3(*, %&
;&2& -*#2&* -& 4&)!. ! "&#23!%'# >!$(. ?&#4! 6-(@#'& ( 7&-#7 &%'( %&
,&A#%'-# &%'( %)&.#4 #%'&.!$( >!'# # ,!*& ()%&*6' &, '6"6 .#*('!- &:
9&2&% A!-##* -& :%6% "("& -& 1.(+. ;& #7 &'& &,&A#%'-6-(@# ( 7&-#7"('(
).!.&4( ( 1.!%'( %# %*67!*( 46.! )& #2&-!&' !%"6)!'#*# )&4-!2.
&!M/87/-637 ,4"!/3$ (&4L88D), <($ ('( ( -#.('(, /&-#4 -& ).(-&%*(- &'&
4&2+('%"& ,&2&%*&-!# (+63758: <8C740C 2009), 104.
4
Joannes Dominicus Mansi, ed., Sacrorum Conciliorum Nova Amplissima Collectio,
tomus IV (Florentiae: 16921769), 1407; -7. Theodoret, Epistola CLXIX; Epistola
CLXXV; Epistola CLXXVI;Epistola CLXXVIII D3 Nicene and Post Nicene
Fathers, Second Series, Vol. 3: Theodoret, Jerome, Gennadius, Rufinus, ed. Philip
Schaff and Henry Wace (Hendrickson Publishers, 1994); Nova Colectio Conciliorum,
ed. Etienne Baluze (Paris: 1683), 670; &$.3$ *4"B/C/!3D/N ("!."I3D, /(%#0# %"!
%(,&.!, I, 320; Christianity In Late Antiquity: Selected sources, ed. and transl. Bart D.
Ehrman and Andrew S. Jacobs (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), 261.
5
+7. Proclus Of Constantinople and the Cult of the Virgin in Late Antiquity: Homiles 1
5, texts and translations by Nicolas Constas (Boston: Brill Academic Pub, 2003).

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Mansi V, 1230 - 1234. 3+. Christianity in Late Antiquity, 261 262.

Epistola XXI, Eutychis Ad S. Leonem (PL 54), col. 0713B col. 0719; /+. Mansi V,
1223.
11
Epistola LXXI, Ad Archimandritas Constantinopolitanos (PL 54), col. 0895B col.
0896; /+. Mansi V, 1238 - 1242; >!.U! 2!*4 & S*!$ & H()(,!4, /?!"3"%&" !
>+&,$&=%,$!)$) (3!B&V: HWT@E3> 2000, 1992), 112; S*!$ & X/.$! !$/)&,
7,$)+&8( %( /&@(%$&8( (3)!+'*: ?(%( )-& (, 1992), 81; 2($.(%!4, /(,"0"%,'&
,(1)+&, I, 336.
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&/.(.( !"&-(.14 3! /!#!$!. #&,! +$*"4&"*-! "( +$*./*"(4( =&!/)!$, /! +!9!% -( +*.;,*-( )!9&/&'( 4! )!'( 4,* 64(,* *$6/(,&9/)&!. +(.$&'($1 N64*-(,&' & )*/($&/)!-)(+("!)&/)&!. 9&.$!+!,&.
12

>*/(,!-&)&/)&!. 4&)($&'(. #&, B!$9&$(- 4! 412 !"&-( !" /.$(-( -( $&9/)&!.

+(+( I-!)*-.&' I /! D*, O&9/)(.( D$)4( "( ! <(D4$/.& 4,&'(-&*.! 4! &/.!;*I,&$&). :!" -* !4( '6$&/"&)D&'( #&,* D$)4&.* 4! +$!4&-D&&.* K()*"!-&'(,
01('(, >*/(,&'(, 3.($ & ?!4 E+&$, 2$&., )$('#$*8-( & 4-(.$*%-( =()&'(, K&<&'(,
=($"(-&'( & :$(*4(,&.(-(. >&*, &()! 4! ("9&-&/.$(.&4*- +! ,*" 4,* 64(,* 4!
$(9)&.* -( &/.!;*- I,&$&) & #&,* 4! $(9)&.* -( @&<(-.&'(, 4! D$)!4*- +! ,*"
-(9*/.! +!" 2!-/.(-.&-!+!,, #&,* +!" '6$&/"&)D&'( -( $&9/)&!. +(+(. @.
Inocentius, ep. Lectissimo et glorisissimo Moysi Rufo (PL 20), col. 0619A col.
0619B.
13
Acta Conciliorum Oecumeniorum, t. II, vol. I, pars I, ed. E.Schwartz (Berlin and
Leipzig: 1924), 175; /+. Ernest Honigman, Juvenal Of Jerusalem, Dumbarton Oaks
Papers, No.5 (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts: 1950), 231.
14
Mansi VI, 494.

56

JOURNAL OF HISTORY year. XLVIII, No 1, 2013

>(,(/&'. =4('D(.( 4(8*,* <( #,&/)& /!$(#!.-&D& -( =&!/)!$ & -(

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+$*<4&.*$!. O*-(. & F()!-!. J&,($&'.16
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=!#*$, K()/&9&'(- !" 3*$, J*$9! *- !" 2(/(-"$*'(, T6)( !" H*$!'(
& 24&-.&,&' !" J*$(),*'( T&-)*/.&/.19 0)! &9(9* +$*"4&" "*)( "4*
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*+&/)!+ 24&-.&,&' 6;*/.464(, )()! <(/.(+-&) -( .*/(,!-&)&/)&!.
9&.$!+!,&. 0-(/.(/&', .! (% /! !,*9( 4*$!'(.-!/. 9!8* "( /*
+$*.+!/.(4& "*)( 4! &/.! /4!'/.4! +$&/6/.464(, & -( 3!#!$!. !"
449 !"&-( 4! EB*/. K*F6 6;*/-&D&.* -( !4!' /!#!$, 4! &<4!$&.* /*
/+!9*-64( & &9*.! -( *+&/)!+!. 0-.!-&' !" T&1-&"!/,20 )!' 4! .!'
+*$&!" +!,&.&;)& 4,* 64(, 4! $(9)&.* -( +$&4&-D&'(.( ?!4 E+&$.
3!#!$!. &9(, /(9! .$& <(/*"(-&'( & <( 9!%-* )6/! 4$*9* '(
<(4$%&, $(#!.(.(. K*F6 "$6 !.!, #&,! !",6;*-!: 1) $*%*-&*.! <(
15

Honigman, Juvenal Of Jerusalem, 224.

Mansi VI, 494. :$*<4&.*$!. O*-(. +!;&-(, -( +(.!. <( EB*/. =4(-(*/*. !"&-&
+!"!D-( J&,($&' #&, &<#$(- <( -!4 $&9/)& +(+(. 2($.(%!4, /(,"0"%,'& ,(1)+&,
I, 336.
17
Mansi VI, 494. @&"& Christianity in Late Antiquity, 261-262; 2!*4 & H()(,!4,
/?!"3"%&" ! >+&,$&=%,$!)$), 112; X/.$! !$/)&, 7,$)+&8( %( /&@(%$&8(, 81;
2($.(%!4, /(,"0"%,'& ,(1)+&, I, 338; The Cambridge History Of Christianity,
Volume 2, Constantine to c. 600, ed. Augustine Casiday and Frederick W.Norris
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008), 89.
18
:$!4&-D&'(.( K()*"!-&'( :$&9( 4,* 64(,( 4! $(9)&.* -( "&*D*<(.(
K()*"!-&'( /! ("9&-&/.$(.&4*- D*-.($ 4! >*/(,!-&)(. ?*'<&-(.( .*$&.!$&'( &
!+B(7(,( +!"$(;'(.( -( "!,-&!. .*) -( J(,&'()9!-, "!,-&!. .*) -( 0)/&' & -(
=!,-& 3.$&9!-, )()! & +*,( !-&/)(.( 4&/!$(9-&-(. @! $(9)&.* -( +$!4&-D&'(.(
4,* 64(,* $("!4&.* A&,&+&, :*,(, =&!-, E"*/(, H*$!'(, J*$(),*'( T&-)*/.&/ &
"$.
19
E. Honigmann, Original Lists of the Memebers of the Council of Nicaea, The
Robber Synod and the Council of Calcedon, Byzantion 20 (1950), 35; 7,$)+&8( %(
5('"3)%,'&)$ %(+)3 I, 228; H$(.!8, O(-!1$&/.&'(-/)(.( D$)4( 4! K()*"!-&'(,
31. A().!. %.! 4! &<4!$&.* /* /+!9*-64( +$!4&-D&'(.( K()*"!-&'( :$&9(
6+(.64( -( <(),6;!)!. "*)( 4! .!( 4$*9* /$*"&-( -( V 4*) +!/.!*,( &
+$!4&-D&'( K()*"!-&'( 3*)6-"(.
20
Honigmann, Original Lists, 35; 7,$)+&8( %( 5('"3)%,'&)$ %(+)3 I, 228;
H$(.!8, O(-!1$&/.&'(-/)(.( D$)4( 4! K()*"!-&'(, 31.
16

!"#$ %&

!". XLVIII, #$.1, 2013

57

!/6"( -( E4.&1 "!-*/*-! -( 2!-/.(-.&-!+!,/)&!. /!#!$ (448) "(

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*"-(.( +$&$!"( -( I/6/ J$&/.!/ "( #&"* +$&B(.*-! )()! *"&-/.4*-! &/+$(4-!. >!(, 4/6%-!/., <-(;*,! +!#*"( -( 9!-!B&<&.&<9!. & -* !4! +$&B(7(G* )()! *"&-/.4*-( 4&/.&-/)( "! 9(.21
C(;64(-&.* &<4!$& -* /!!+%.64((. -&%.! <( /.(4!. %.! !
<(/.(+64(,* *+&/)!+&.* !" K()*"!-&'( :$&9( -( /!#!$!.. ?*9(
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9!8* "( /* +$*.+!/.(4& "*)( & *+&/)!+&.* !" K()*"!-&'( :$&9( 4!
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3!#!$!. 4! EB*/ (449), /*+() -* !4&!. 4/*,*-/)& )($().*$ &
,* &.&9-!/. #&,* !/+!$*-& !" /.$(-( -( +(+(.( T(4 I; +(+(.( *
+$4&!. )!' ! !)4(,&B&)64(, /! .*$9&-!. +(@1)8%&A'&.23 >!' /4&)(,
+!9*/*- /!#!$ 4! O&9 -( )!' #&,* !/6"*-& !",6)&.* !"
O(<#!'-&;)&!. (T(8-&!.) /!#!$, ( 4*"-(% +!.!( &/+$(.&, +&/9( "!
&9+*$(.!$!. >*!"!/&' II24 & -* !4(.( /*/.$( :6,1*$&'(.25 @! +&/9(.( -*"4!/9&/,*-! )(864( "*)( -* '( +$&<-(4( ,* &.&9-!/.( -(
21

Mansi VI, 494.

S. Leonis Magni, Epistola XLVII, Ad Anastasium episcopum Thessalonicensem (PL
54), col. 0839B 0840C.
23
S. Leonis Magni, Epistola XXX (PL 54), col 0783. @&"& The Cambridge History of
Christianity, vol. 2, 90. 3!#!$!. 4! EB*/ !" 449 !"&-(, !/4*- B(@1)8%&A'&, 4!
&/.!$&! $(B&'(.( /* -($*)64( & C(D"% ,)1)+.
24
S. Leonis Magni, Epistola XLIV, Ad Theodosium Augustum (PL 54), col. 0825 0832B.
25
S. Leonis Magni, Epistola XLV, Ad Pulcheriam Augustum (PL 54), col. 0831 0836.
22

58

JOURNAL OF HISTORY year. XLVIII, No 1, 2013

EB*/)&!. /!#!$ (449) & +!4.!$-! -( -*)!,)6 9*/.( '( 6+!.$*#64(

&/.(.( )4(,&B&)(D&'( latrocinium ($(<#!'-&;)&).
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+!4.!$64(G* -( /.(4!. <( !/6"( -( !",6)&.* -( 3!#!$!. 4! EB*/ !"
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-(/&,&* 4$< 6;*/-&D&.* -( O(<#!'-&;)&!. /!#!$.27
=! +$*/4$. 4! D$)!4-(.( +!,&.&)( "!%,! +! -*-("*'-(.(
/9$. -( >*!"!/&' II 4! 450 !"&-(. ?!4&!. &9+*$(.!$ K($)&'((450457) & -* !4(.( /!+$6 ( :6,1*$&'(, /*/.$( -( >*!"!/&' II, +!"
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9!-!B&<&.&.* !" *+&/)!+/)&.* & !" /4*%.*-&;)&.* B6-)D&&.
3*+(), <( D*,!/-( $*4&<&'( 4! D$)!4-(.( +!,&.&)( #&,! +!.$*#-!
!"$864(G* -!4 4/*,*-/)& /!#!$.
?!4&!. 4/*,*-/)& /!#!$ #&, /4&)(- /! &9+*$(.!$/)&!. W)(<
!" 17 9(' 451 !"&-( & &/.&!. .$*#(,! "( /* !"$8& -( 1 /*+.*94$&
&/.(.( !"&-( 4! ?&)*'(. K*F6.!(, !""(,*;*-!/.( -( ?&)*'( !"
2!-/.(-.&-!+!,, )()! & -(/.!'64(G*.! -( K($)&'(- "( &9( D*,!/-(
)!-.$!,( -(" /&.6(D&'(.( #&,* +$&;&-& /!#!$!. "( /* !"$8& 4!
J(,)*"!-, ( -* !4(.( $(#!.( <(+!;-(,( -( 8 !).!94$& 451 !"&-( 4!
+$&/6/.4! -( !)!,6 600 "*,* (.&.28 ?( /!#!$!., +!4.!$-!, -*
+$&/6/.464(, +(+(.( T(4 I, )!' &/+$(.&, /4!& +$*./.(4-&D&.29

26

Epistola IX (PL 54), col. 1061C - col. 1068C.

The Cambridge History of Christianity, vol. 2, 90.
28
Mansi VI, , 938 956; /+. Schwartz, ber die Bischufslisten, 90; Das Konzil von
Chalkedon I III, ed. A. Grillmeier und H.Bacht (Wurzburg: 1951 1954), 57;
Honigmann, Original Lists, 36 40; Aus den Akten des Concils von Chalkedon, ed.
E.Schwartz (Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften,
Philosophish philologische Klasse XXX. Band 2. Abhandlung, Munchen 1927), 32;
The Cambridge History of Christianity, vol. 2, 90; 2($.(%!4, /(,"0"%,'& ,(1)+&, I,
346.
29
Mansi VI, 940; Aus den Akten des Concils von Chalkedon, 32.
27

!"#$ %&

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59

K*F6 6;*/-&D&.* -( 3!#!$!. 4! J(,)*"!- (Y*.4$.&!. 4/*,*-/)&), -('9(,)6 9-9&-( *+&/)!+& #&,* !" +$!4&-D&&.* K()*"!-&'( :$&9( & K()*"!-&'( 3*)6-"(. ?('6 ,*"-&!. 9*F6 -&4,
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3!<!- !" A&,&+&, 3*4(/.&'(- !" H*$!'(, E4<*#&' !" =!#*$,
K()/&9&'(- !" 3*$ & N!4(- !" :($.&)!+!,.31
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-*"!/.(.!) -( &<4!$-& +!"(.!D&, +$(%(G*.! <( +$&;&-&.* <(
-&4-!.! -*+$&/6/.4! -( Y*.4$.&!. 4/*,*-/)& /!#!$ !/.(-64(
-*!" !4!$*-!.
Y*.4$.&!. 4/*,*-/)& /!#!$ <(4$%&, /! D*,!/-( +!#*"( -("
9!-!B&<&.&<9!.: =&!/)!$ 0,*)/(-"$&/)&, N64*-(,&' E$6/(,&9/)&
& /&.* "$6 & *+&/)!+& +$&4$<(-&D& -( 9!-!B&<&.&<9!., #&,*
$(/;&-*.& !" *+&/)!+/)&.* & !" /4*%.*-&;)&.* ;&-!4&. 3!#!$!.,
!.B$,('7& ! 9!-!B&<&./)!.! 6;*G* )()! *$*.&;)!, '( +$&B(.&,
)()! *"&-/.4*-( & 4&/.&-/)( "! 9(.( <( "4*.* -*"*,&4& &, 4!*"-!,
-*/+!',&4& +$&$!"& -( H! !;!4*)!. I/6/ J$&/.!/, -("!+!,-64('7&
! -&)*'/)!-)!-/.(-.&-!+!,/)&!. /&9#!, -( 4*$(.( /! /,*"-!4!:

30

Aus den Akten des Concils von Chalkedon, 34. /+. S. Leonis Magni, Epistola IX, Seu
Actio XVI Chalcedonensis (PG 54), col. 1250B. ?*+$&/6/.4!.! -( .*/(,!-&)&/)&!.
9&.$!+!,&. 0-(/.(/&' -( T(8-&!. /!#!$ (449) & -( J(,)*"!-/)&!. /!#!$ (451)
9!8*#& 9!8* "( /* +$!.!,)64( )()! -* !4 +$*.+(<,&4 "&+,!9(./)& ;&-. ?( !4((
+$*.+!/.(4)( 6+(.64( /+*D&B&;-(.( +!<&D&'( 4! )!'( /* -(%!,: 9!$(, "(
#(,(-/&$( +!9*F6 $&9/)&!. +(+( T(4 I, )!' #&, +$!.&4-&) -( 9!-!B&<&.&<9!., &
"*,!. !" &,&$/)&.* *+&/)!+& +!" -* !4( '6$&/"&)D&'( )!& ! +!""$864(,*
=&!/)!$ 0,*)/(-"$&/)&. The Acts of the Council of Chalcedon, vol. I, translated with
introduction and notes by Richard Price and Michael Gaddis (Liverpool: Liverpool
University Press, 2005), 123, B. 38.
31
Mansi VI, 938 956; Honigmann, Original Lists, 58; Aus den Akten des Concils
von Chalkedon; H$(.!8, O(-!1$&/.&'(-/)(.( D$)4( 4! K()*"!-&'(, 32; K&.)! H.
:(-!4, H!$#(.( -( O&9/)(.( D$)4( <( D$)!4-! !/+!"/.4! 4! K()*"!-&'( -(
+$*9&-!. !" (-.&)(.( 4! /$*"-&!. 4*) (IVVI), 7,$)+&8(, #$. 14 (1995/1996),
(3)!+'*: 1996), 68; 7,$)+&8( %( 5('"3)%,'&)$ %(+)3 I, 228. O("!9&$ :!+!4&7
&<-*/64( 9&/,*G* "*)( -( 3!#!$!. 4! J(,)*"!- 6;*/.464(,* 9-! 6 +! !,*9 #$!'
*+&/)!+& !" K()*"!-&'( !" !-&* /+!9*-(.& 4! "!)69*-.&.*. O("!9&$ :!+!4&P,
B(%) >+&#E(%,$!) %( F(-'(%4 *+" 3),"0"G( -)!"%( ( +1&8(, H)!(+3(+8", I+%(
J)+(), (H*! $(": 1995), 109.

60

JOURNAL OF HISTORY year. XLVIII, No 1, 2013

...&/+!4*"(9* *"*- & &/. 3&-, S!/+!" -(% I/6/
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X/4*- "! 9(./)&.* +$(%(G(, -( Y*.4$.&!. 4/*,*-/)& /!#!$

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-( J(,)*"!-/)&!. /!#!$. :$&;&-(.( <( !4( '( -(!F(9* 4! /.$(4!. !"
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32

Mansi VI, 948.

H&,* "!-*/*-& 30 )(-!-&, )!& 4! -(' !,*9 "*, /* !"-*/64(,* -( ! $(-&;64(G*
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34

Fransoa Dvornik, Vizantija i Rimski primat, prevod Jelca VukoviZ (Beograd:

Slubeni glasnik 2009), 38.
35
Epistola CXXXII, Anatolii Episcopi Cconstantinopolitani Ad Leonem Papam (PL
54); /+. Mansi VI, 171.
36
Epistola LXXXII (PL 54), col. 0917A - col. 0926B; /+. Mansi VI, 166.
37
X/.$! !$/)&, 7,$)+&8( %( /&@(%$&8(, 81; The Cambridge History of Christianity,
vol. 2, 91. C( D*,(.( )!$*/+!"*-D&'( -( +(+(.( T(4 I /! )!-/.(-.&-!+!,/)&!.
+(.$&'($1 0-(.!,&' & &9+*$(.!$!. K($)&'(-. PL 54, PL 55 & Mansi VI.
38
S. Leonis Magni, Epistola CL, Ad Euxitheum Episcopum (PL 54), col. 1121A
1121C.
39
M. Le Quien, Oriens Christianus, II (Paris: 1740), 285, D&.&$(-! /+!$*" H$(.!8,
O(-!1$&/.&'(-/)(.( D$)4( 4! K()*"!-&'(, 32.

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JOURNAL OF HISTORY year. XLVIII, No 1, 2013

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@! +&/9!.! /* /+!9*-64( & .*/(,!-&)&/)&!. *+&/)!+ E4)/&1&'
(Euxitheus).

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H$(.!8, O(-!1$&/.&'(-/)(.( D$)4( 4! K()*"!-&'(, 32.

H$(.!8, O(-!1$&/.&'(-/)(.( D$)4( 4! K()*"!-&'(, 32; K&,(- H!%)!/)&,
3)6+/)(.( *+&/)!+&'( 9&.$!+!,&'( & -*'<&-(.( -(/,*"-&;)( N6/.&-&'(-(
:$&9(, 6('"3)%,') %(,-"3,$!), !". VI, #$. 15 (3)!+'*: 2001), 15.
42
Acta Conciliorum Oecumeniorum II 5, 24.
43
Acta Conciliorum Oecumeniorum II 5, 24; /+. H!%)!/)&, 3)6+/)(.( *+&/)!+&'(
9&.$!+!,&'(, 15; H$(.!8, O(-!1$&/.&'(-/)(.( D$)4( 4! K()*"!-&'(, 32.
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Dragan ZAJKOVSKI
ECCLESIASTICAL SITUATION IN MACEDONIA IN THE
MIDDLE OF THE FIFTH CENTURY THROUGH THE
PRISM OF MONOPHYSITE EAST Vs. NICENE WEST
- s u m m a r yThis article examines the church situation in Macedonia in the
mid V century in context of dogmatic debates characteristic for the early
Middle Ages. Sources confirm that the bishops from Macedonia, without
exception, continued to believe in the Nicene symbol of faith. This was
the case with Monophysitism which was condemned by the bishop and
clergy of the Vicariate from Thessalonika. This conclusion is based on
available sources that testify about the participation of bishops from
Macedonia in the "Robber Council" held in Ephesus in August of 449
and the Council of Chalcedon (451). Namely, at the "Robber Council"
seven participants were from the province of Macedonia Prima, and, at
the Council of Chalcedon (Fourth Ecumenical) at least nine bishops
were from the provinces of Macedonia Prima and Macedonia Secunda.