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Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCM

Khoa Qun L Cng Nghip
Kinh t hc i cng
Chng 01 - Tng quan
One must learn by doing the thing;
For though you think you know it
You have no certainty, until you try.
Sophocles, c. 496-496 B.C.
Greek playwright
Trachiniae
Trng i Hc Bch KhoaTp.HCM
KhoaQun L CngNghip
2013
Kinh t hc i cng
Chng 1: Tng quan
2
Kinh t hc vi m v kinh t hc v m
Kinh t vi m (Microeconomics):
Nghin cu hnh vi ca tng thnh phn, tng n v ring l trong
nn kinh t.
Kinht v m(Macroeconomics):
Nghincu nn kinht trn phmvi tng th
cng mn hc
Trng i Hc Bch KhoaTp.HCM
KhoaQun L CngNghip
2013
Kinh t hc i cng
Chng 1: Tng quan
3
Phn 1: Kinh t hc vi m
1. Cc vn kinh t
2. Th trng: cung v cu
3. Hnh vi ngi tiu dng
4. Hnh vi nh sn xut
5. Cc m hnh cu trc th trng
2
Trng i Hc Bch KhoaTp.HCM
KhoaQun L CngNghip
2013
Kinh t hc i cng
Chng 1: Tng quan
4
Phn 2: Kinh t hc v m
6. Ngoi ng v hng ha cng
7. H thng o lng Thu nhp quc dn
8. Tng cung v tng cu Chnh sch ti kha
9. Cc vn kinh t v m: lm pht v tht nghip
10. H thng Ti Chnh, Tin T v Ngn Hng Chnh sch tin t
Trng i Hc Bch KhoaTp.HCM
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2013
Kinh t hc i cng
Chng 1: Tng quan
5
Ti liu tham kho
1. Bi ging
2. L Bo Lm, Kinh t Vi M, NXB Thng K km theo sch bi tp.
3. Dng Tn Dip, Kinh T V M, NXB Thng K km theo sch bi tp.
4. Gregory Mankiw, Pri nci pl es of Economi cs, 6
th
edition, 2012
5. Roger LeRoy Miller, Economi cs Today, 16
th
edition 2012
6. Olivier Blanchard, Macroeconomi cs - A European Perspecti ve, 2010
7. Frederic Mishkin, Macroeconomi cs Pol i cy and Practi ce, 2012
8. Ben Bernanke, Macroeconomi cs , 7
th
edition 2011
Trng i Hc Bch KhoaTp.HCM
KhoaQun L CngNghip
2013
Kinh t hc i cng
Chng 1: Tng quan
6
nh gi tng kt
Gia k: 35%
Ni dung: phn kinht Vi m
Hnhthc: vit
Khngm ti liu, c mang1 t A4 tmtt, vit tay(khngin,
khngphoto)
Cui k: 45%
Ni dung: phn kinht V m
Hnhthc: vit
Khngm ti liu, c mang1 t A4 tmtt, vit tay(khngin,
khngphoto)
Bi tp: 20%
Tr li cuhi/trc nghimsaubui hc
Tr li cuhi trnlp
3
Trng i Hc Bch KhoaTp.HCM
KhoaQun L CngNghip
2013
Kinh t hc i cng
Chng 1: Tng quan
7
Lch s pht trin cc hc thuyt kinh t
CH NGHA TRNG THNG
Ch ngha trng tin
Trng thng thc s
HC THUYT KINH T T SN C IN
Hc thuyt trng nng
Kinh t chnh tr t sn c in:
William Petty,
AdamSmith,
David Ricardo
HC THUYT KINH T TIU T SN
Sismondi (1773 - 1842);
Proudon (1809 - 1865)
HC THUYT KINH T CA CH NGHA X HI
Sanint Simon (1761 1825);
Charles Fourier (1772 1837);
Robert Owen (1771 1858)
Trng i Hc Bch KhoaTp.HCM
KhoaQun L CngNghip
2013
Kinh t hc i cng
Chng 1: Tng quan
8
Lch s pht trin cc hc thuyt kinh t
KINH T CHNH TR MC LNIN
TRNG PHI C IN MI
Cc hc thuyt kinh t ca trng phi thnh Vienne (o);
Trng phi Colombia;
Trng phi Lausanne (Thy S);
Trng phi Cambridge;
Cc l thuyt v tin t v tn dng;
Cc l thuyt cnh tranh v c quyn ca Chamberlin v ca
J .Robinson.
TRNG PHI KEYNES
L thuyt chung v vic lm.
L thuyt Keynes v s can thip ca nh nc vo kinh t.
Trng i Hc Bch KhoaTp.HCM
KhoaQun L CngNghip
2013
Kinh t hc i cng
Chng 1: Tng quan
9
Lch s pht trin cc hc thuyt kinh t
CH NGHA T DO MI
Kinh t th trng x hi Cng Ho Lin Bang c.
Trng phi trng tin hin i M.
TRNG PHI CHNH HIN I
L thuyt v nn kinh t hn hp.
C ch th trng.
Vai tr ca chnh ph trong nn kinh t th trng.
CC L THUYT TNG TRNG V PHT TRIN KT
L thuyt ct cnh ca nh kinh t M ROSTOW.
L thuyt ci vng lun qun v c huch t bn ngoi.
L thuyt tng trng kinh t ca cc nc Chu gi ma ca
Harry Toshima.
L thuyt v m hnh kinh t nh nguyn.
L thuyt v lm pht v tht nghip.
4
Trng i Hc Bch KhoaTp.HCM
KhoaQun L CngNghip
2013
Kinh t hc i cng
Chng 1: Tng quan
10
Hc thuyt gi tr
William
Petty
(1623-
1687)
Adam
Smith
(1723
1790)
David
Ricardo
(1772
1823)
Karl Marx
(1818-
1883)
Trng i Hc Bch KhoaTp.HCM
KhoaQun L CngNghip
2013
Kinh t hc i cng
Chng 1: Tng quan
11
Adam Smi th (1723-1790), i din cho t do cnh
tranh ca CNTB. 1776 (capitalism)
John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946), biu trng
cho s can thip ca chnh ph v phc li nh
nc. 1936 (interventionism)
Karl Marx (1819-1883), phn nh trit m hnh
x hi ch ngha. 1848 (socialism)
The Ranking of Three Economists (Smith, Keynes, and
Marx) According to Economic Freedom and Growth
(source: Thebig three in economics : AdamSmith, Karl Marx, and J ohn Maynard
Keynes, Mark Skousen, 2007 )
Trng i Hc Bch KhoaTp.HCM
KhoaQun L CngNghip
2013
Kinh t hc i cng
Chng 1: Tng quan
12
TEN PRI NCI PLES OF ECONOMI CS
(10 nguyn l ca kinh t hc)
How people make decisions.
(cch mi ngi ra quyt nh)
1. People face tradeoffs (mi ngi phi i mt vi s nh i).
(Efficiency v. Equity)
2. The cost of something is what you give up to get it (chi ph ca vic
ny l nhng g ta phi t b t c n). (opportunity cost)
3. Rational people think at the margin (con ngi l tr s cn nhc ti
im cn bin). (Rational people often make decisions by comparing
marginal benefits and marginal costs)
4. People respond to incentives (con ngi b thc y bi li ch).
5
Trng i Hc Bch KhoaTp.HCM
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How people interact with each other.
(cch mi ngi tng tc vi nhau)
5. Trade can make everyone better off (Mi ngi s c li hn khi
tham gia trao i). (specialization)
6. Markets are usually a good way to organize economic activity (th
trng lun l cch tt nht t chc cc hot ng kinh
t).(invisible hand.)
7. Governments can sometimes improve economic outcomes (i khi cn
c CP tc ng em li kt qu tt hn). (Market failure, externality,
market power )
TEN PRI NCI PLES OF ECONOMI CS
(10 nguyn l ca kinh t hc)
Trng i Hc Bch KhoaTp.HCM
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2013
Kinh t hc i cng
Chng 1: Tng quan
14
The forces and trends that affect how the economy as a whole
works. (cc tc lc v khuynh hng lm nh hng s vn ng ca
ton b nn KT)
8. The standard of living depends on a countrys production (mc
sng ph thuc vo sn lng ca tng quc gia). (Productivity)
9. Prices rise when the government prints too much money (gi tng
khi chnh ph in ra nhiu tin hn). (Quantity Theory of Money
MV=PQ)
10. Society faces a short-run tradeoff between inflation and
unemployment (trong ngn hn ta phi nh i gia lm pht v
tht nghip). (Phillips Curve )
TEN PRI NCI PLES OF ECONOMI CS
(10 nguyn l ca kinh t hc)
Trng i Hc Bch KhoaTp.HCM
KhoaQun L CngNghip
2013
Kinh t hc i cng
Chng 1: Tng quan
15
Vn c bn ca Kinh t hc
Vic phi chn la phn b ngun lc da trn tin :
Ti nguyn sn xut l hu hn
Mong mun tiu dng ca con ngi l v hn
6
Trng i Hc Bch KhoaTp.HCM
KhoaQun L CngNghip
2013
Kinh t hc i cng
Chng 1: Tng quan
16
Chi ph c hi (opportunity cost)
Whatever must be given up to obtain some item (l nhng
g ta phi t b t c c hi )
Chi ph c hi cho vic i xem phim l g?
Trng i Hc Bch KhoaTp.HCM
KhoaQun L CngNghip
2013
Kinh t hc i cng
Chng 1: Tng quan
17
Kinh t hc
Kinh t hc l mt b mn khoa hc nghin cu cch thc x hi gii quyt ba
vn : sn xut ci g, sn xut nh th no v sn xut cho ai (David Begg)
Nghin cu cch thc con ngi phn b ngun lc khan him p ng
mong mun khng gii hn ca mnh. (Roger LeRoy Miller - Economics Today)
Kinh t hc nghin cu cch thc m x hi qun l ngun lc khan him ca
mnh. (Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Economics)
Trng i Hc Bch KhoaTp.HCM
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Kinh t hc i cng
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18
Ba vn c bn ca Kinh t hc
Sn xut ra ci g?
Chn loi sn phm sn xut
Sn xut cho ai?
Chn i tng phc v
Sn xut nh th no?
Chn qui m sn xut/ cng ngh sn xut
7
Trng i Hc Bch KhoaTp.HCM
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Kinh t hc i cng
Chng 1: Tng quan
19
Kinh t hc thc chng (Positive) v
Kinh t hc chun tc (Nomative)
Kinh t hc thc chng l vic s dng cc l thuyt v m
hnh l gii, d bo cc hin tng kinh t , ang v
s din ra di tc ng ca s la chn.
Kinh t hc chun tc tip cn cc vn theo quan im
Nn lm nh th no? theo kin ch quan ca cc c
nhn.
Trng i Hc Bch KhoaTp.HCM
KhoaQun L CngNghip
2013
Kinh t hc i cng
Chng 1: Tng quan
20
ng gii hn kh nng sn xut
S kt hp ca hng ho v
dch v c th sn xut nu
ti nguyn ca x hi c s
dng hiu qu
Cc gi nh bn trong:
Hiu qu
nh i
Chi ph c hi
Tng trng
800
F1
100 120
Thc
pham
0
F
E
Quan ao
D
G
A
B
500
Trng i Hc Bch KhoaTp.HCM
KhoaQun L CngNghip
2013
Kinh t hc i cng
Chng 1: Tng quan
21
Dng chu chuyn ca nn kinh t
8
Trng i Hc Bch KhoaTp.HCM
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2013
Kinh t hc i cng
Chng 1: Tng quan
22
Yu t sn xut ngun lc sn xut
Nhn lc
Vn
t ti nguyn
Doanh tr
Trng i Hc Bch KhoaTp.HCM
KhoaQun L CngNghip
2013
Kinh t hc i cng
Chng 1: Tng quan
23
Questions for review
1. Give three examples of important trade-offs that you face in your life.
2. What is the opportunity cost of seeing a movie?
3. Water is necessary for life. I s the marginal benefit of a glass of water large or
small?
4. Why should policy makers think about incentives?
5. Why isnt trade among countries like a game with some winners and some
losers?
6. What does the invisible hand of the market-place do?
7. Explain the two main causes of market failure and give an example of each.
8. Why is productivity important?
9. What is inflation and what causes it?
10. How are inflation and unemployment related in the short run?