1.

Rumus Present Continuous Tense :

Positif (+):
subject + to be (am, is, are) + Verb ing + object
Negatif (-) :
subject + to be + not + verb ing + object
Tanya (?) :
to be + subject + verb ing + object
Penggunaan :
1 !eja"ian se!arang atau !egiatan sementara
conto# : $r Tegu# si %riting a ne% boo!
$r Tegu# se"ang menu&is bu!u baru
' (encana "i masa "e)an yang su"a# )asti %a!tunya
()riba"i)
* am going to +urabaya at ,-., tomorro%
+aya a!an )ergi !e +urabaya jam -., beso!
. !eja"ian ter!ait atas sesuatu atau seseorang "ise!itar
%a!tu se!arang atau se"ang berbicara
conto# : it is raining "ay
#ari ini se"ang #ujan
2.Penggunaan Present Perfect tense:
1 tin"a!an yang terja"i )a"a %a!tu yang ti"a! )asti
sebe&um saat ini
' tin"a!an "i masa &a&u "an memi&i!i )engaru# "i masa
se!arang
. tin"a!an yang "imu&ai "i masa &a&u "an masi# ber&anjut
"i masa se!arang
(umus:
Positif (+)
+ubject + #as / #ave + been + object
+ubject + #as / #ave + verb *** + object
Negatif (-)
+ubject + #as / #ave + not + been + object
+ubject +#as / #ave + not + verb *** + object
Tanya (?)
0ave / #as + +ubject + verb *** + object
0ave / #as + subject + been + object
1onto# :
* #ave been at #ome for a mont# (+)
$r 0an"o!o #as not eaten t#e sate a&rea"y (-)
0as $r *mam been #ere since ,2,, ? (?)
3.Penggunaan Present Perfect Continuous tense
1 tin"a!an yang te&a# "imu&ai "imasa &a&u "an masi#
ber&anjut se!arang
' tin"a!an yang baru saja ber#enti
(umus :
Positif (+)
+ubject + #as / #ave + been + verb-ing
Negatif (-)
+ubject + #as / #ave + not + been + verb-ing
Tanya (?)
0as/#ave + subject + been + verb-ing ?
1onto# :
* #ave been %atc#ing TV for t%o #ours (+)
0e #as been )&aying footba&& since e&ementary sc#oo& (+)
$arina #as not been &earning eng&is# for t%o years (-)
0ave you been rea"ing a boo! for an #our ? (?)
4. Penggunaan Simple Past tense
1 Peristi%a "i masa &a&u yang te&a# se&esai (misa&nya : *
%ent to sc#oo&)
' +ituasi "i masa &a&u (t#ey &ive" a norma& &ife unti& t#ey
%on a &ottery)
. +erang!aian tin"a!an "i masa &a&u
(umus
Positif (+)
- +ubject + to be (%as/%ere) + com)&ement
- +ubject + verb ' + object
Negatif (-)
- +ubject + to be (%as/%ere) + not + com)&ement
- +ubject + "i" not + verb 1 + object
Tanya (?)
- 3i" + subject + verb 1 + object ?
1onto# +im)&e Past tense:
0e %as a businessman in 1444 (+)
- "ia a"a&a# seorang )ebisnis )a"a ta#un 1444
* se&& t#ese motorcyc&es in +urabaya(+)
- saya menjua& se)e"a motor ini "i +urabaya
+#e "i" not visit me yester"ay (-)
- "ia ti"a! mengunjungi!u !emarin
$y )arents %ere not #ome t#is afternoon(-)
- orang tua !u ti"a! a"a "i ruma# siang ini
3i" you )&ay footba&& yester"ay ? (?)
- 5)a!a# !amu bermain se)a!bo&a !emarin ?
6eterangan %a!tu (a"verb of time) yang umum "iguna!an
"a&am sim)&e )ast tense :
7ester"ay (!emarin, t#e ot#er "ay (&ain #ari), just no%
(se!arang), t#e "ay before yester"ay (se#ari sebe&um
!emarin), etc
5. Penggunaan Past Continuous tense:
1 Tin"a!an yang se"ang ber&angsung
' !egiatan se&a yang se"ang ber&angsung
8Past 1ontinuous9 + :#en + 8Past +im)&e9
. !egiatan yang se"ang ber&angsung )a"a %a!tu yang sama
"i masa &a&u
; Pertanyaan bersyarat / so)an
$isa&nya : * %as %on"ering if you cou&" carry my bag
(umus
Positif (+)
+ubject + to be (%as/%ere) + verb-ing + object
Negatif (-)
+ubject + %as/%ere + not + verb-ing + object
Tanya (?)
- %as/%ere + subject + verb-ing + object ?
1onto# - Past 1ontinuous tense :
0e %as s&ee)ing %#en * came (+)
- 3ia se"ang ti"ur !eti!a saya "atang
0e %as not s&ee)ing %#en * came (-)
- 3ia ti"a! se"ang ti"ur !eti!a saya "atang
:as #e s&ee)ing %#en * came ?
- a)a!a# "ia se"ang ti"ur !eti!a saya "atang ?
* %as %or!ing a&& nig#t yester"ay(+)
- saya se"ang be!erja se)anjang ma&am !emarin
* %as not %or!ing a&& nig#t yester"ay (-)
- +aya ti"a! se"ang be!erja se)anjang ma&am !emarin
%ere you %or!ing a&& nig#t yester"ay ?
- 5)a!a# !amu se"ang be!erja se)anjang ma&am !emarin ?
6. Penggunaan Past Perfect tense :
1 mencerita!an sebua# tin"a!an yang su"a# se&esai
sebe&um tin"a!an &ain "i masa &a&u
' !a&imat )engan"aian (1on"itiona& +entence) Ty)e ***
*f + subject + Past )erfect + %ou&" #ave + verb ***
*f %e #a" !no%n t#e ans%er, %e %ou&" #ave to&" you
+ean"ainya !ami te&a# ta#u ja%abannya, !ami a!an te&a#
mengata!an )a"amu (!enyataanya !ami su"a# ti"a! ta#u
ja%abannya)
. !a&imat ta! &angsung (re)orte" s)eec#)
5nn: * #ave searc#e" a&& t#e rooms
<eorge: 5nn sai" s#e #a" searc#e" a&& t#e rooms
<eorge : 5nn mengata!an ba#%a "ia su"a# mencari semua
!amar
untu! )emba#asan se&eng!a)nya tentang re)orte" s)eec#
"a&am berbagai tenses "isini
(umus Past Perfect Tense :
Positif (+)
+ubject + #a" + verb *** + ()ast )artici)&e) + object
Negatif (-)
+ubject + #a" + not + verb *** + object
Tanya (?)
0a" + subject + verb *** + object ?
1onto# - Past Perfect tense :
T#ey #a" been #ere before 14;= (+)
- mere!a te&a# bera"a "isini sebe&um ta#un 14;=
T#ey #a" not been #ere before 14;= (-)
- mere!a be&um bera"a "isini sebe&um ta#un 14;=
0a" t#ey been #ere before 14;= ? (?)
- a)a!a# mere!a te&a# bera"a "isini sebe&um 14;= ?
+#e #a" gone to 5mster"am %#en * ca&&e" #er (+)
- "ia te&a# )ergi !e 5mster"am !eti!a a!u mene&e)onnya
+#e #a" not gone to 5mster"am %#en * ca&&e" #er (-)
- "ia be&um )ergi !e 5mster"am !eti!a a!u mene&e)onnya
0a" s#e gone to 5mster"am %#en you ca&&e" #er ?
- a)a!a# "ia te&a# )ergi !e 5mster"am !eti!a !amu
mene&e)onnya ?
6eterangan %a!tu (5"verb of time) yang umum "iguna!an
"a&am )ast Perfect tense ini :
after, before, a&rea"y, as soon as, just, yet, unti&, ti&&, by t#e
time t#at Past Perfect tense juga "iguna!an untu!
ung!a)an se)erti : >* %is#?, >as if/t#oug#? an" >if on&y?
* %is# * #a"n@t gone t#ere
a!u ber#ara) a!u ti"a! )erna# )ergi !esana
Aono &oo!e" as if #e #a" "one somet#ing terrib&e
7.Penggunaan Past Perfect Continuous tense:
1 3urasi tin"a!an masa &a&u sam)ai titi! %a!tu tertentu "i
masa &a&u juga
' !a&imat )engan"aian (1on"itiona& +entence) Ty)e ***
*f it #a"n@t been raining, %e %ou&" #ave )&aye" footba&&
. !a&imat ta! &angsung (re)orte" s)eec#)
5nn: * %as crying
<eorge: 5nn sai" s#e #a" been crying
<eorge : 5nn mengata!an ba#%a "ia te&a# menangis
(umus
Positif (+)
+ubject + #a" + been + verb-ing + object
Negatif (-)
+ubject + #a" + not + been + verb-ing + object
Tanya (?)
0a" + subject + been + object ?
1onto# Past Perfect 1ontinuous tense :
0e #a" been &iving in Aa!arta about ten years (+)
- 3ia te&a# tingga& "i Aa!arta se!itar 1, ta#un
0e #a" not been &iving in Aa!arta about ten years (-)
- "ia be&um tingga& "i Aa!arta se!itar 1, ta#un
0a" 0e been &iving in Aa!arta about ten years ? (?)
- a)a!a# "ia te&a# tingga& "i Aa!arta se&amat 1, ta#un ?
Perbe"aan antara Present Perfect 1ontinuous an" Past
Perfect 1ontinuous a"a&a# :
Present Perfect 1ontinuous mengung!a)!an tin"a!an yang
terus ber&anjut sam)ai se!arang se"ang!an Past Perfect
1ontinuous ti"a!
0e #as been )&aying for t%o #ours
3ia te&a# bermain se&ama ' jam ("ia masi# bermain atau
baru saja se&esai)
0e #a" been )&aying for t%o #ours %#en arrive"
8. Rumus Simple uture tense
Positif (+)
+ubject + %i&&/s#a&& + verb * + object
+ubject + am/is/are + going to + verb * + object
Negatif (-)
+ubject + %i&&/s#a&& + verb * + object
+ubject + am/is/are + not + going to + verb * + object
Tanya (?)
:i&&/s#a&& + subject + verb * + object
5m/is/are + subject + going to + verb * + object
1onto# +im)&e Buture tense :
:e %i&& go to sc#oo& soon (+)
- !ita a!an )ergi !e se!o&a# segera
:e %i&& not go to sc#oo& soon (-)
- !ita ti"a! a!an )ergi !e se!o&a# segera
:i&& %e go to sc#oo& soon ? (?)
!.Penggunaan uture Continuous tense:
1 tin"a!an "i masa "e)an yang se"ang ber&angsung
' "ugaan antara masa !ini "an masa "e)an
Aoni %on@t be s&ee)ing no%
Aoni ti"a! a!an ti"ur se!arang (saya )i!ir Aoni ti"a! ti"ur
se!arang)
. untu! mengaju!an )ertanyaan "engan so)an tentang niat
seseorang
%i&& you be coming #ome ?
a!an!a# !amu "atang !e ruma# ?(saya ber#ara) !amu
"atang !e ruma#)
(umus
Positif (+)
+ubject + %i&&/s#a&& + be + verb-ing + object
Negatif (-)
+ubject + %i&&/s#a&& + not + verb-ing + object
Tanya (?)
:i&&/s#a&& + subject + be + verb-ing + object
1onto# Buture 1ontinuous tense :
* %i&& be %atc#ing a movie tonig#t (+)
- saya a!an se"ang menonton fi&m nanti ma&am
* %i&& not be %atc#ing a movie tonig#t (-)
- saya ti"a! a!an se"ang menonton fi&m nanti ma&am
:i&& you be %atc#ing a movie tonig#t ? (?)
- 5)a!a# !amu a!an se"ang menonton fi&m nanti ma&am ?
1". Rumus uture perfect tense
Positif (+)
+ubject + s#a&&/%i&& + #ave + been + com)&ement
+ubject + s#a&&/%i&& + #ave + verb *** + object
Negatif (-)
+ubject + s#a&&/%i&& + not + been + com)&ement
+ubject + s#a&&/%i&& + not + #ave + verb *** + object
Tanya (?)
+#a&&/%i&& + subject + been + com)&ement
+#a&&/%i&& + subject + #ave + verb *** + object ?
1onto# Buture )erfect tense :
* %i&& #ave been in t#is #os)ita& unti& tomorro% morning (+)
- saya a!an te&a# bera"a "i ruma# sa!it ini sam)ai beso!
)agi
* %i&& not #ave been in t#is #os)ita& unti& tomorro% morning
(-)
- saya ti"a! a!an te&a# bera"a "i ruma# sa!it ini sam)ai
beso! )agi
:i&& you #ave been in t#is #os)ita& unti& tomorro%
morning ? (?)
- a)a!a# !amu a!an te&a# bera"a "isini sam)ai beso! )agi ?
$aji" %i&& #ave rente" my #ouse neCt mont# (+)
- $aji" a!an te&a# menye%a ruma#!u bu&an "e)an
$aji" %i&& not #ave rente" my #ouse neCt mont# (-)
- $aji" ti"a! a!an te&a# menye%a ruma#!u bu&an "e)an
:i&& $aji" #ave rente" my #ouse neCt mont# ? (?)
- a)a!a# $aji" a!an te&a# menye%a ruma#!u bu&an "e)an ?
6eterangan %a!tu (a"verb of time) yang umum "iguna!an :
Defore, by tomorro%/- o@c&oc!/neCt mont#, unti&/ti&&
11. Rumus uture Perfect Continuous tense:
Positif (+)
+ubject + s#a&&/%i&& + #ave + been + verb-ing + object
Negatif (-)
+ubject + s#a&&/%i&& + not + #ave + been + verb-ing + object
Tanya (?)
+#a&&/%i&& + subject + #ave + been + verb-ing + object ?
1onto# Buture Perfect 1ontinuous tense :
$y gran"mot#er %i&& #ave been visiting us tomorro%
morning (+)
- nene! saya a!an te&a# se"ang mengunjungi !ami beso!
)agi
$y gran"mot#er %i&& not #ave been visiting us tomorro%
morning (-)
- nene! saya ti"a! a!an te&a# se"ang mengunjungi !ami
beso! )agi
:i&& your gran"mot#er #ave been visiting you tomorro%
morning? (?)
- a)a!a# nene! !amu a!an te&a# se"ang mengunjungi !amu
beso! )agi ?
Eng!a)an %a!tu yang umum "iguna!an :
Dy tomorro% / F o@c&oc!, T#is year / mont# / %ee!, NeCt
year / mont# / %ee!
12. Rumus simple past future tense:
Positif (+)
+ubject + s#ou&"/%ou&" + be + object
+ubject + s#ou&"/%ou&" + verb * + object
Negatif (-)
+ubject + s#ou&"/%ou&" + not + be + object
+ubject + s#ou&"/%ou&" + not + verb + object
Tanya (?)
+#ou&"/%ou&" + subject + be + object ?
+#ou&"/%ou&" + subject + verb * + object ?
1onto# sim)&e )ast future tense :
0e s#ou&" be in Danten neCt mont# (+)
- "ia a!an te&a# bera"a "i Danten bu&an "e)an
0e s#ou&" not be in Danten neCt mont# (-)
- "ia ti"a! a!an te&a# bera"a "i Danten bu&an "e)an
+#ou&" #e be in Danten neCt mont# ? (?)
- a)a!a# "ia a!an te&a# bera"a "i Danten bu&an "e)an ?
13. Rumus Past uture Continuous tense:
Positif (+)
+ubject + s#ou&"/%ou&" + be + verb-ing + objectv
Negatif (-)
+ubject + s#ou&"/%ou&" + not + be + verb-ing + object
Tanya (?)
+#ou&"/%ou&" + subject + be + verb-ing + object ?
1onto# Past Buture 1ontinuous tense :
$y brot#er %ou&" be finis#ing T#esis &ast %ee! (+)
- 6a!a!!u a!an te&a# se"ang menye&esai!an tesis minggu
&a&u
$y brot#er %ou&" not be finis#ing T#esis &ast %ee! (-)
- 6a!a!!u ti"a! a!an te&a# se"ang menye&esai!an tesis
minggu &a&u
:ou&" your brot#er be finis#ing T#esis &ast %ee!? (?)
14. Rumus Past uture Perfect tense
Positif (+)
+ubject + s#ou&"/%ou&" + #ave + been + com)&ement
+ubject + s#ou&"/%ou&" + #ave + verb *** + object
Negatif (-)
+ubject + s#ou&"/%ou&" + not + #ave + been +
com)&ement
+ubject + s#ou&"/%ou&" + not + #ave + verb *** + object
Tanya (?)
+#ou&"/%ou&" + subject + #ave + been + com)&ement ?
+#ou&"/%ou&" + subject + #ave + verb *** + object ?
1onto# Past Buture Perfect tense :
$y mot#er s#ou&" #ave been #ere at nine o@c&oc!
tomorro% (+)
- *bu saya a!an su"a# bera"a "isini jam 4 beso!
$y mot#er s#ou&" not #ave been #ere at nine o@c&oc!
tomorro% (-)
- *bu saya ti"a! a!an su"a# bera"a "isini jam 4 beso!
+#ou&" your mot#er #ave been #ere at nine o@c&oc!
tomorro% ? (?)
- 5)a!a# ibu !amu a!an su"a# bera"a "isini jam 4
beso! ?
$ar@i %ou&" #ave %or!e" in &ea"ing com)anies neCt
mont# (+)
- $ar@* a!an su"a# be!erja "i )erusa#aan ternama
bu&an "e)an
$ar@i %i&& not #ave %or!e" in &ea"ing com)anies neCt
mont# (-)
- $ar@* ti"a! a!an su"a# be!erja "i )erusa#aan ternama
bu&an "e)an
:i&& $ar@i #ave %or!e" in &ea"ing com)anies neCt
mont# ? (?)
- 5)a!a# $ar@* a!an su"a# be!erja "i )erusa#aan
ternama bu&an "e)an ?
15.Rumus Past uture Perfect Continuous tense
Positif (+)
+ubject + s#ou&"/%ou&" + #ave + been + verb-ing +
object
Negatif (-)
+ubject + s#ou&"/%ou&" + not + #ave + been + verb-ing
+ object
Tanya (?)
+#ou&"/%ou&" + subject + #ave + been + verb-ing +
object ?
1onto# Past Buture Perfect 1ontinuous tense :
* %ou&" #ave %or!ing in &ea"ing com)anies for 1, years (+)
- 5!u a!an su"a# se"ang be!erja "i )erusa#aan ternama
se&ama 1, ta#un
* %ou&" not #ave %or!ing in &ea"ing com)anies for 1,
years (-)
- 5!u ti"a! a!an su"a# se"ang be!erja "i )erusa#aan
ternama se&ama 1, ta#un
:ou&" you #ave %or!ing in &ea"ing com)anies for 1, years
? (?)
- a)a!a# !amu a!an su"a# se"ang be!erja "i )erusa#aan
ternama se&ama 1, ta#un