Acid-Base Equilibria

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A buffer solution is a solution of:
1. A weak acid or a weak base and
2. The salt of the weak acid or weak base
Both must be present!
17.3
p.540
Larutan bufer harus mengendung konsentrasi asam yang cukup
tinggi untuk bereaksi dengan ion OH
-
yang ditambahkan kepadanya
dan harus mengandung konsentrasi basa yang sama tingginya untuk
bereaksi dengan ion H
+
yang ditambahkan
Selain itu komponen asam dan basa tidak boleh saling
menghabiskan dalam suatu reaksi penetralan
A buffer solution has the ability to resist changes in pH
upon the addition of small amounts of either acid or base.
Consider an equimolar mixture of CH
3
COOH and CH
3
COO
-
Na
+
Add strong acid
H
+
(aq) + CH
3
COO
-
(aq) CH
3
COOH (aq)
Add strong base
OH
-
(aq) + CH
3
COOH (aq) CH
3
COO
-
(aq) + H
2
O (l)
Konsentrasi kesetimbangan baik asam maupun basa konjugat
diasumsikan sama dengan konsentrasi awalnya. Ini karena (1).
CH
3
COOH adalah asam lemah dan hidrolisis ion CH
3
COO
-
sangat
kecil dan (2). Keberadaan ion CH
3
COO
-
menekan ionisasi
CH
3
COOH, dan keberadaan CH
3
COOH menekan hidrolisis ion
CH
3
CCOO
-

Pembuatan larutan bufer

Bufer dapat dibuat dengan tiga cara :
1. Dengan mencampurkan asam lemah dengan basa
konjugasinya atau basa lemah dan asam
konjugasinya
2. Mencampur asam lemah berlebih dengan jumlah
terbatas basa kuat
3. Mencampur basa lemah berlebih dengan jumlah
terbatas asam kuat
Which of the following are buffer systems?
(a) KF/HF

(b) KBr/HBr

(c) Na
2
CO
3
/NaHCO
3

17.3
Suppose you want to prepare a
buffer solution with a specific pH.

How would you do that?

Youd use the
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation!

p.543

Consider mixture of a weak acid HA and its salt Na
+
A
-
.
HA (aq) H
+
(aq) + A
-
(aq)
NaA (s) Na
+
(aq) + A
-
(aq)
K
a
=
[H
+
][A
-
]
[HA]
[H
+
] =
-log [H
+
] = -log K
a
- log
[HA]
[A
-
]
-log [H
+
] = -log K
a
+ log
[A
-
]
[HA]
pH = ___ + log
Since pK
a
= -log K
a

H
e
n
d
e
r
s
o
n
-
H
a
s
s
e
l
b
a
l
c
h

e
q
u
a
t
i
o
n

17.2
pH = pK
a
+ log
Or, more generically
17.2
pH = pK
a
+ log
[conjugate base]
[acid]
We use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
to prepare a buffer solution with ______________.
We often choose a weak acid whose
pK
a
is close to the desired pH and
make the [acid] [conjugate base].
(Why?)
log = ____
Because then,
What is the pH of a solution containing
0.30 M HCOOH and 0.52 M HCOO
-
K
+
?
HCOOH (aq) H
+
(aq) + HCOO
-
(aq)
Initial (M)
Change (M)
Equilibrium (M)
0.30 0.00 0.52
Common ion effect
0.30 x 0.30
0.52 + x 0.52
pH = pK
a
+ log
[HCOO
-
]
[HCOOH]
HCOOH pK
a
= _____
pH =
17.2
Mixture of weak acid and conjugate base!
Calculate the pH of a 0.30M NH
3
/0.36M NH
4
Cl buffer system
NH
4
+
(aq) H
+
(aq) + NH
3
(aq)
pH = pK
a
+ log
[NH
3
]
[NH
4
+
]
pK
a
= _________
pH = ______ + log
[0.30]
[0.36]
= ________
17.3
K
a
= 5.6 X 10
-10